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Sociology is a scientific discipline because it is
capable of explaining social reality by definingproblems and concerns for research and to setproposals for change.Individuals do not just live, but provide meaning
to their life, provide meaning to that for which theylive, and provide meaning to the society in whichthey live. The direction that life takes is oriented bysocial values.
Each society setsit own values in agreement withits historic development and the dynamics andinteractions with other societies.
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Why Study Sociology? What is sociology?
Sociology is the scientific study of human social relationships and structures.
Like biologists and other natural scientists, sociologists work by sets of rulesthrough which they evaluate the arguments and evidence generated by
empirical research. This doesn't mean sociological work is either narrow or
lacking in practical significance.
Our techniques range from computer simulation through survey research to
participant observation of urban street corner life. Styles among sociologists
vary from the scientific to the humanistic, from the applied to the theoretical.
Sociology involves the observation and explanation of human behavior in a
wide variety of areas. In addition to the specialties of social psychology, political
sociology, and mathematical sociology, which have obvious ties to other socialsciences, sociologists study such things as race relations, social stratification,
the family, the community, ethnic minorities, sex roles, drugs, crime, population,
leisure, sport, aging, mass media, developing nations, organizational structure,
communication in small groups and in dyads.
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Is Sociology a Science?
Science:
1. Systematic methods of empirical investigation
2. Data analysis
3. Theoretical thinking
4. Logical assessments of arguments
5. A body of knowledge about a particularsubject matter
6. Value-free, objective & observable
7. Empirical evidence & facts
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Is sociology for you?1. If you are actively concerned about the world you live in and
a. want to do something constructive and useful in it
b. whether in law, business, education, medicine, urban or
rural planning, etc.
2. Sociology provides best means for understanding how "the
system" works.a. Whether you want to change society radically, modify it,
preserve it as it is, or restore it to a bygone era,
b. You must first understand what the structure of system is,
how social order is maintained, and how social change canbe affected.
3. Sociology can give you some of that knowledge and can further
help you acquire the analytic tools to develop it on your own.
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How Can Sociology Help Us in Our Lives?
1. Understanding social circumstances provides us
a better chance of controlling them.
2. Sociology provides the means of increasing our
cultural sensitivities.3. We can investigate the consequences of
adopting particular policy programs.
4. Sociology provides self-enlightenment, offeringgroups & individuals an increased opportunity
to alter the conditions of their own lives.
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What can you do with it?
1. Sociology as a pre-professional background:
a. medicine and nursing primary or secondary teaching
b. public health politics and political consulting lawc. urban and regional planning counseling
d. journalism and communications
e. criminology public administration
f. penology (corrections) business administrationg. social work market research and advertising ministry media
programming and production
2. Sociology as background training for various general
institutional (or anti-institutional) skills:
a. social service administration, program and policy planning,
community development, program and policy evaluation,
organizational consulting, small group management and
leader
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Topics in Medical Sociology:
Formal organizational aspects of healthcare
Social and cultural influences on health and illness
The socialization of caregivers Micro-politics among practitioners in healthcare
Caregiver-patient interaction
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Social and Cultural
Impacts on Health One's position in a
social structure
influences one's healthin numerous ways.
Gender
Socioeconomic status
Occupation
Race and ethnicity
Age
All of these factors
influence
1. Differential exposureto pathogenic or salutary
circumstances
2. Vulnerabilty to
disease 3. Access to healthcare
resources
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The Socialization of Caregivers
Focus on doctors: Student doctors acquire knowledge to accomplish
"hypothesis testing" in medical encounters.
Medical school is thus a period of socialization in which students
acquire new competencies.
What about informal socialization?
Doctors learn about professional hierarchies.
Doctors learn to think of patients "objectively," ie:
"Don't let emotions get in the way The patient is an "object," an organism that provides data
Doctors acquire sense of selves in the world
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interpersonal relations, towin the confident of the
client
Sociology. relationship b/w humans.
Process ofclients care.social activity.
First hand info.. sociological investigations
If client is healthy,family..benefited..Community
Society..nation..State
Family
basic unit of society,
Make the physiotherapyserviceseffective
know the culture/sociallifepatients,
maintain congenialrelationship.different
personnel at different levels
..leader, leading and
managing styles
Relationship
between
Sociology and
Physiotherapy
Sociology is a very
useful science
especially for the
physiotherapy
professionals as
discussed here
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Relationship between sociology and physiotherapy-ii
Gain full confidence of the patient, as is key in process. Vital to know social systems & relations
Self-confidentneeds of profession, Emotionally, mentally, morally, socially mature. Sociology along with psychological training
Cure not enough; preventive services & promotion of health are imp aspects. To be an effective, knowledge of community & resources available are essential. Science of human society, understanding and improvement of community life.
Working outside the hospital public, industrial and school heath andso on, very close proximity with different sections of society. Theknowledge of society is extremely useful
Produced new problems and challenges Permanent disabilities due to aids or other
Understanding social attitudes & behaviors to make services effective
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What is the role of Sociology in Physiotherapy?
How sociology can be useful in the field of Physiotherapy?Sociology is a very useful science especially for the physiotherapy professionals as discussed:
1. Sociology can be useful in any area of life, since basically you are taught to understand
the behavior of people in society.
2. Sociology studies the relationship between human beings. While, physiotherapists have to
establish good interpersonal relationship, to win the confident of the client so that the
clients will freely ventilate their feelings, thoughts with the therapist without any inhibition
or prejudice.
3. The process of clients ' care is a social activity. The therapist will get the first hand
information from the client through sociological investigations methods like the health care
professionals to gather the way of approaching the strange person i.e. client.
4. Family is the basic unit of society, when the client is healthy, automatically the entire family
will be benefited there by the society, in specific and community at large for the total
welfare of the state and nation.
5. Will help to study and know the culture and social life of the patients and therefore will
Make the medical or physiotherapy services more effective
6. Helps to maintain congenial relationships between different personnel at different levels
due to a number of personnel involvements. So it will be of great importance to leader,
leading and managing styles
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What is the role of Sociology in Physiotherapy?1. It is of paramount importance that the physiotherapist must be able to gain full
confidence of the patient, as patient is the key in the whole process. So it is vital to know
social systems and social relationships
2. Self-confident is most important for physiotherapist to meet the needs of profession, so
he or she must be emotionally, mentally, morally and socially mature. That is why study of
sociology along with psychological training is very necessary in this process
3. Cure illness is not enough; preventive services and promotion of health are also equally
important aspects of physiotherapy. To be an effective agent of health promotion
knowledge of the community, facilities and resources available therein are essential.
Sociology is science of human society, can play an important role in understanding and
improvement of community life.
4. A large number of physiotherapists are working outside the hospital now a day. In
programs like public, industrial and school heath and so on, physiotherapist has to work in
very close proximity with different sections of society. The knowledge of society is
extremely useful
5. Technological progresses successfully meet the previous problems and diseases. But it has
also produced new problems and challenges. For ex, permanent disabilities due to aids or
other dangerous diseases. Therefore it will be very important to understand the social
attitudes and behaviors to make the services effective and result oriented
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What is importance of sociology in Computer engineering?
1. Sociology deals with social, moral and human values.
2. For engineer who has relation with not only machinesbut also have relation with operators of the machines.
3. Therefore it is very important to understand their
problems, grievances, welfare and security from allpoints of view.
4. When human beings are well adjusted by their bosses
than automatically output of production will increase,
otherwise frustrated laborers cannot give their 100 %
attention and devotion.
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What is importance of sociology in Future Computer engineering?
1.A century ago, the ancestors of modern computers were largely
devoted to analysis of social data, but sociology and computer science
diverged, and today they need to be reunited.2.This conceptual chapter argues for the development of an integrated
social-information science, in order to understand and develop socio-
technical information systems, to explore and extend recommender
and reputation systems, to establish the cultural basis for flourishingvirtual worlds, and to deal with revolutionary issues concerning
intellectual property rights.
3.It suggests that three forms of humanmachine collaboration will
become increasingly important:
a. Partnerships between humans and information technology,
b. cultures jointly created by the human mind and information
technology, and
c. Environments where humans and machines cooperate.
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Ability-QualityAbility to do something like writing, speech etc.Quality is for character like bravery, truth
Property-CharacteristicProperty is for thingsCharacteristic is for document, book, theory etc.
Learning & UnderstandingChange in behavior through experience
Understanding the nature of somethingEducation-Training-Coaching
Education is for futureTraining is for present
Science, Revelation-PhilosophyScience knowledge through experiencePhilosophy, knowledge with intuition
Man-AnimalMan obeys 2 orders & Follows various methods
Animal obeys 1 order & Follows 1 method
CO
NF
USING
TERMS
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LEARNING1. Change in behavior through experience
1. After2. Before
2. EXAMPLES from ?1. Feeding behavior f a newly born baby
2. Feeding just by milk3. Normal temperature4. Search of satisfaction every where5. Eating a new fruit6. Concept of home7. Concept of gardening8. Mosque
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Items Marks
End term 40Mid term 15
Projects 9
Presentations 9Quizzes 9
Assignments 9
Attendance 3
Allowed participation 3
Overall impact 3
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MAN
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InteractionM
AN
ORDER
Commitment/
Contract
Guidance Role Model Refusal
Assignment No-1:
Explain the
interdependence of the
elements of this Interactionmodel
THINGS
MAN
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Guidanc
e
Not
follow
Follow
Place
Method
QuantityWe
interact
there
To
interact
we need
For this purpose
commitment in
must
The space between
elements & needs of interaction ?
P Of I t ti
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Process Of Interaction
When We
Interact to Env
Follo
wLead
Gain
Abstract
Good
Material
GoodPleasure
Nafs
Parast
(Self) E
Dunia
Parast
(Env) E
Deen
Parast
(Man) I
Interactio
n
Consequen
ceTruth
Amal--Right
way
Particularity
Permanency
Kasb--Satisfaction
Purpose
Stability
Faal--Raza
Permission
PhilosophySCIENCE
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M
A
N
T
HI
N
G
S
WORLD
M
A
N
Interaction
ORDER
GuidanceRole
Model
Economics
Anthropolog
y
Education
Sociolog
y
Teaching & Training
Teaching
Political
Science
Commitmen
t
PhilosophySCIENCE
Psychology
Physics
Biology
Def, Relation, Subject matter
I
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IN
TER
AC
TIO
N
1. Is not an isolated activity Involves a lot of key factors
2. Happens in form of a model/Process3. Depends on a contract That has 3(conditions+requirements)
4. Produces consequences Consequence generates personalities
5. Needs for its happening a range ofknowledge
6. Process can never be covered by humanknowledge
.7 qualitativelyquantitatively
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Man is also dependent like other all creatures1
Man has no control over results2
Mans knowledge is imperfect and relative3
Man has no such range of abilities for diversity4
Man & other creatures are absolutely controlled5
Actual Outcome?
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Basic reason of misconception-1The Done:
Processes and their various factors HidedAssumed that we can produce results.
For ex, in journey, construction, reproduction, cooling oftea and meal, farming, we see that results of these are
beyond our control.
A wide range of controls on factors are required toproduce results
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Big barriers in creating situations
(Reason)
Actors of situation must move in the
same direction
Physical environment must be inaccordance with the situation
Resources like machines,
vehicles must be in line of success
Unforeseen factors like accidents, deaths,
diseases must not disturb us
Big barriers
in creating
situations
S f S i
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Biological SciencesFood Chain
Control-Methods
Incurred-Astray
No Control onResults
Management SciencesQuality
Perfect
Follow ship
No Control on
Factors
Pure SciencesRelativity/Force
Knowledge-Authority
Accountability
Summary of Session
Social SciencesEvolution
Environmental SciencesProcess
Physical SciencesDestroying an Atom
S 1
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SO
CI
AL
EN
V
.1
2.
3. 5
(
)
4.
( ) .5
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Pleasure
1stAssumed Status
St t Pl f M i t
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.1 stimulusrespond 2.
respond
.3
consume
.4 stimulus Reponses
Status or Place of Man in nature:
St t Pl f M i t
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1. In fact we dont earn but bring ,using a particular method , oftenknown as .
2. Some one gives us kids on doing a particular method, we oftencall it a birth, due to our relationship
3. Similarly HE removes our pain of hunger on using a method,often called eating
4. It is Satan who briefs that removal of hunger, delivery of a kid,bringing a thing is due to your EFFORT. So do it time & again,to get more & more.
5. In fact hunger, baby, and a thing, nothing is in our control. Wecan not produce results.
.6
.7Stimulusstimulus
Status or Place of Man in nature:
How reflex
Why the change in status ?
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How reflex
works?
How instinct
works?
If some one
watching us?
Why the change in status ?
As man is an interplay of instincts.
Why all this confusion and change in status? PURPOSE OF INSTINCTS
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Access
Environment
Assess
Structure
Objectify
Things
Analyze
Choices
Obey
Owner
Man
Khalifa
Obeying the best
possible choicesordered
Analyzing whichchoices of PQM are
available
Objectifying theirreason for existence
Assessing whatthings or men areordered to interact
Accessing env toobey for
purpose
Exaggerating thebest possible
choices
Analyzing whichchoices of PQM are
available
Objectifying theirreason as
Assessing whatthings, men are
()
Exagerating env to
fill needs by ()
Creation Middle
Obeying the bestpossible choicesof Nafs or Satan
Analyzing whichchoices of PQM
are available
Objectifying theirreason forsatisfaction
Assessing whatthings, men can
satisfy needs
Accessing env tofill needs for
survival
Evolution
Why all this confusion and change in status?PURPOSE OF INSTINCTS
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Analysis of
working of man?
3rd & Actual Status
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Why the animals
Group in groups?
What would happen, if they
do not group?
1. They can not produce theirproducts.(eggs, etc)
2. They can not show their
uniformities, similarities.
3. So they are bound to live in
groups(HUKM)
4. They are altogether (males,
females, young) doing this
Product is their responsibility
Similarity is their loyalty
Organize in communities?
What would happen, if
they do not organize?
1. They can not produce theirproducts.(honey etc)
2. They can not show their
uniformities, similarities.
3. So they are bound to live in
organizations(HUKM)
4. They are altogether (males,
females, young) doing this
Product is their responsibility
Similarity is their loyalty
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Take: your share of children,things, food
Assess: what all is this?
Objectify: For what is this all?
Analyze: where, how much &how , you may exploit?
Now act: strictly under theguidance of owner
Steps to be operative for a MAN
Can the man
take GUIDANCE
from the
competitors?
To Get
To Assess
To Objectify
To Analyze
To Act
Abilities
Required
We Observed that
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NEEDS MAN
We Observed that
Grow continuously
Needs-Earn-Shop-
Consume-Save-Needs
Permanent state ofslavery
Adverse Impacts
How is reason forexistence?
5 tasks=Access-AssessObjectify-Analyze-Obey
Instincts are aligned
with these 5 tasks
Instincts came out onlyon . - Means On doingsomething
Who ever survived onneeds?
ProduceContinuously
Producing for others
Use their ownresources
Responsible & Loyal
How can they exist orsurvive on needs ?
ANIMALS
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ELAH RABBMan
From Where these steps came?
Know Perfectly
Unique from all
Can exploit
Total Ability
Absolute Ability
All Accountable
Produce Results
Ownership
Dependency
Sovereignty
Take required things--be responsible
Assess the results declared for you
Know the Objectives of things given
Total dependence on owner for use
Now who can guide to act their use?
S
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SO
CI
AL
MA
N
.1 ((Status
2. 5
55
.3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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7 Do you know What is this1
10 1
2 1
8 2 1
3 2 1
1 3 2 1
2 4 3 2
3 5 4 34 6 5 4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
5 8 7 6
6 9 8 5
7 10 7 4
8 9 6 3
11 8 5
8 10 7
12 9
10 11
13
14
Mnzl-7 Mnzl-6 Mnzl-5 Mnzl-4 Mnzl-3 Mnzl-2 Mnzl-1 Fateha
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7 Amazing organization of Quran1
10 1
2 1
8 2 1
3 2 1
1 3 2 1
2 4 3 2
3 5 4 34 6 5 4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
5 8 7 6
6 9 8 5
7 10 7 4
8 9 6 3
11 8 5
8 10 7
12 9
10 11
13
14
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.1 ().2
!().3
S.
1
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SO
CIA
L
O
RDE
R
.1 .2
.2
1.
.1
2. 3..4
5. .6 .7
PlaceObey
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Man
Son
Place
Quantity
Method
Obey
Follow
Refuse
1..2.3
.1.2.3
Wh ? Wh i ?
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Why we group? Why we organize? This is the order, that group
Man with nafs and body to perform like a man as self
Man with woman, sons and daughters in family by givingstatuses
Man with other men in institutions like by giving them roles in them
Because by making a group, man can offer his responsibilities like
father or mother Then all can play their roles, only in
groups that is organization of institutions
Therefore status is for offering responsibility & role is for showing
loyalty
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1. In all the pictures given above,
We observed that2. If all the elements in pictures do
not interact in this way,
3. They will not be able to produce
the results observed
4. These results are the results of
particular methods
5. The results will be changed, ifmethods of interactions are
changed
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Guidanc
e
Not
follow
Follow
Place
Method
Quantity
We
interact
there
To
interact
we need
For this purpose
commitment in
must
Owne
r
Owne
r