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Reference
MAC ManualChapter 3
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Mechanics of injury
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Aims
Introduce Mechanics of injury (MOI) as a tool to aid in therecognition of injuries or potential injuries
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Causes of Injury
Penetrating trauma, high and low velocity
GSW, Blast injuries, shrapnel, knife wounds Blunt Trauma
RTA, falls, blast injuries, crush injuries
Climate
Heat and cold injuries
Chemical
Burns
Medical
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Timings of Trauma Death
Instantaneous
Early
Late
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Effects of GSW and
Fragments
Factors affecting injuries caused by fragments and bullets
Mass and Velocity
Shape and stability
Tissue density
Length of wound tract
Cavitation Contamination
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Penetrating injuries
The energy transferred determines the amount of
damage Energy transferred is effected by
Speed
Frontal surface area
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Hazard spectrum - Mechanismsof Injury
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Three energy level categories
1 Low energy
2 Medium energy
3 High energy
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Hazard spectrum - Mechanismsof Injury
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Hazard spectrum -
Mechanisms of Injury
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Blast Injuries
There are 4 distinct stages to blast injuries
Primary
Secondary Tertiary
Quaternary
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Blunt Trauma
The most common cause of blunt trauma are RTAs.
Important points to remember: Two forces are involved in blunt trauma
Compression
Shear
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Hazard spectrum - Mechanismsof Injury
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Motor Vehicle Collisions
Frontal (head on) impact
Rear impact Lateral or side impact
Rotational impact
Rollover
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Stages of Impact
The vehicle collides with an object or other vehicle
The unrestrained occupant collides with the inside of thevehicle
The occupants internal organs collide with each other or
the wall of the cavity that contains them
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Frontal or head on impact
The occupant if unrestrained will follow one of two
pathways
Down and under
Up and over
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Down and under
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Up and over
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Rear impact
The velocity is the difference between two vehicles
speeds
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If windscreen isdamagedassume aspine injury
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Lateral or side impact
Entire side of vehicle is thrust against occupant
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Lateral or side impact
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Rotational impact
Occurs when one corner of a car strikes an
unmovable object
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The rollover
The car may undergo several impacts at many different
angles
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Rollover
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Crush Injuries
Effects:
Cardiac arrest Renal failure
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Hazard spectrum - Mechanismsof Injury
Extreme Heat
Extreme Cold
M h i f I j
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Medical:
Underlying disease (e.g. clogged
arteries).
Toxicological:
Chemical Weapons.
Industrial Chemicals.
Overdose.
Mechanisms of Injury
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Medical Emergencies
Diabetes
Tropical diseases Appendicitis
Cardiac
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Burns
Multi-system injuries as they can effect:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
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Chemical Injuries
Systemic toxicity
Local damage to skin and eyes
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Any Questions?