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Storage Networking Boot Camp
Storage Networking Architectures
Module 2
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Outline
Storage Architectures
Comparing Solutions
Storage Transport Protocols
SNIA Shared Storage Model
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Direct-Attached Storage
Traditional way of implementing storage Storage is managed by a single host
Other hosts must access the storage through asingle host, over the LAN
Direct-attachedinternal storage Direct-attached
external storage
Direct-attached
external storage
SCSI
Fibre Channel
Tape Device
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Network-Attached Storage
Provides access to a file system over the LAN
NAS devices contain a thin server thatimplements a host-independent file system
NAS appliance
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NAS Strengths andLimitations
Relatively inexpensive
Ease of management
Easily installed Does not have to be
implemented like a SAN
More scalable and
reliable than DAS Accessible by any host
OS anywhere on thenetwork
Can cause high trafficloads on the LAN
Most NAS solutions areoptimized for file-levelstorage
The NAS server can be
a bottleneck Still dealing with TCP/IP
New TCP/IP acceleratorsbecoming common
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Storage Area Network
Servers and stand-alone storage devices, connectedby a dedicated network
Any server can be configured to access any StorageArray
Servers and storage can scale independently
Storagearray
Tapedevice
Server
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SAN Strengths andLimitations
Servers and storage canscale independently
Does not impact and isnot impacted by LANtraffic
Provides higheravailability
Best overall ROI
Initial implementationcosts more than NAS
Can be complex tomanage
Requires specializedtraining
Interoperability is anissue in heterogeneousenvironments
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Outline
Storage Architectures
Comparing Solutions
Storage Transport Protocols
SNIA Shared Storage Model
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Comparing Architecture
Storage arrayNAS server
SAN
Host
File System
Application
DAS
File System
Application
NAS
Host
Application
File System
File I/O
Block I/O
LAN
SANHost
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Comparing Features
File I/O Block I/O
Built-in heterogeneousplatform support
Heterogeneous platformsupport is not yet mature
Capacity scaling mightrequire multiple NAS servers
Servers and storage canscale independently
Client/server file storageFile Sharing
Database applications
Can be limited by LANbandwidth
Storage does notcompete with LAN traffic
Cross-platformsupport
Scalability
Most commonusage
Cost
Performance
Built-in RAID, redundant
network ports, snapshots
Synchronous disaster-
tolerant configurationsAvailability
Ease of individual appliancemanagement
Requires specialized skillset
Management
SANNAS
StorageAccess
Higher start-up costs;management costs vary
Lower start-up costs, lowmanagement costs
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Scalability
Availability
SAN
NAS
DAS
Scalability and Availability
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Op
erational
Cost
Implementation Cost
SAN
NAS
DAS
Cost Comparison
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Outline
Storage Architectures
Comparing Solutions
Storage Transport Protocols
SNIA Shared Storage Model
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Storage Transport ProtocolsFibre Channel
Fibre Channel (FC) is a technology for transmittinghigh speed, block data I/O between devices. FC is:
Reliable
Cost-effective
High-speed
NOTE: Fibre Channel and SAN are not synonymous
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Channels and Networks
I/O Channel (e.g. SCSI)
xFew devices
x Static addressing
Low latency
x Short distances
Hardware-baseddelivery management
Many devices
Dynamic addressing
x High latencyLong distances
xSoftware-baseddelivery management
Network (e.g. Ethernet)
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Channels and Networks
Fibre Channel is both a channel and a network
It provides the best of both channels and networks:
Many devices
Dynamic addressingLow latency
Long distances
Hardware-baseddelivery management Fibre Channel
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Why Fibre Channel?
Far more scalable than DAS:
More bandwidth
Longer distances
Many more devices
Proven and reliable
Supports many applications
Based on open standards
Wide industry support
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Why Fibre Channel?
Fibre Channel carries, or encapsulates, other
communication protocols:
Fibre Channel can carry multiple protocolssimultaneously to support a variety of applications
SCSI-3
IP
FICON
VI
Fibre Channel
IP
HiPPI
SCSI-3
FICON (SBCCS)
FC-VI
FC-AV
FC-AE
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IP Storage
iSCSI or iFCP
Fibre Channel
Multi-protocolswitch or router
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SAN Extension
DistributedFibre Channel SAN
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ESCON/FICON
ESCON:
Enterprise Systems Connection
Older storage networking technology for IBM mainframes
FICON:
FICON is IBMs mainframe enterprise version of Fibre
Channelshares same network layers Director switches can support FICON and FC
Some edge switches support FICON
FICON mainframe and storage Director switch FC hosts and storage
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Outline
Storage Architectures
Comparing Solutions
Storage Transport Protocols
SNIA Shared Storage Model
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As a basis for common definitions, communications,
understanding and increased interoperability
To place products in the space
of architectures and clarify
product differences
To understand and compare
vendor offerings
VendorsCustomers
The Storage Industry
SNIA Shared Storage Model
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Layered View
DAS SAN NAS
File/record
layer
Block
layer
Storage
Devices
NAS
head
Diskarray
NASserver
Host
Host
Host
Host
SAN
LAN
Applications
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F
ile/record
layer
Block
layer
Storage
Devices
Device
Host
StorageDom
ain
Files/Databases
Packing many
smaller things into afew larger ones..
Block Layer
Storage Devicesdisk drives, tapedrives, solid statedisk
Block
Aggregation
Block Aggregationaddress mapping,concatenation,striping, mirroring
Network
Applications
Database(dbms)
File system(FS)
Storage Domain
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Review Questions
1. Which architecture(s) is/are optimized forblock-level data transfer?
2. Which architecture(s) incur(s) low initial
cost, but high recurring costs?3. What are the advantages of SAN over
NAS? (Choose two.)
4. What is the purpose of the SNIA Shared
Storage Model? (Choose three)
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29INFINITY I/ODiscussion
How can DAS, NAS, and SANco-exist in the same data center?
What applications are suitable for
each storage architecture?