Download - 02 henry too
3rd Merial Forum
April 13th to 15th 2011 Malta
Henry Too
Merial Asia Pte Ltd
Pig Production in Asia and Pig Production in Asia and Experiences with CircovacExperiences with Circovac®®
IntroductionName: Henry Too
Veterinarian, BVSc (University of Melbourne), MVSc (University of Sydney)
Joined Merial end 2001
Last held position prior to joining Merial: associate professor in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Malaysia
Current position: Technical Services (Swine) in Asia Cluster Region
Pig Production in Asia
• Farms are either:– Small holder operations i.e. backyard– Commercial pig farms
Pig Production in Asia
Domesticated wild boars
Pig Production in Asia
Village pigs
Management Systems
• Commercial farms:– Single site farrow-to-finish operations– Few true all-in, all-out systems– Multisite operations are usually either 2
or 3 sites
SucklersSucklers
WeanersWeanersGrowers/FinishersGrowers/Finishers
Majority are farrow-to-finish herds, all stages in one farm
GestationGestation
BreedingBreeding
Pigs in commercial piggeries are housed indoors.
Farm housing in tropical Asia is usually open-sided. Some trends towards closed housing system.
Pigs in commercial piggeries are housed indoors.
Farm housing is usually open-sided. Sows are usually kept in individual stalls.
Mating is usually by artificial insemination. In most cases, this is due to labour constraints rather than a desire for better reproductive efficiency.
Mating is usually by artificial insemination although in some of the smaller farms, natural mating is still the norm.
Supervised mating in East Malaysia
Quality of farrowing house facilities and management is highly variable.
Quality of farrowing house facilities and management is highly variable.
Quality of farrowing house facilities and management is highly variable.
Closed housing system is common in Korea. Nursery house in Korea.
Closed housing system is common in Korea. Nursery house in Korea.
Swine demographics in Asia cluster region: sow population (in 000)
ENTITY 2007 2008 2009 2010 CAGR ’07-‘10
TOTAL POPULATION
KOR 1,004 913 896 875 -4%
PHL 2,291 2,333 2,393 2,454 2%
TWN 722 690 684 676 -2%
THL 1,148 1,330 988 988 -5%
CWD 9,204 9,073 7,920 8,518 -3%
COMMERCIAL POPULATION
KOR 1,004 913 816 875 -4%
PHL 615 626 642 658 2%
TWN 650 621 615 608 -2%
THL 1,148 1,330 988 988 -5%
CWD 1,104 1,101 1,052 1,134 1%
Swine demographics in Asia cluster region: Commercial versus backyard
sow population (in 000)
4,52
19,
848
4,59
19,
748
4,19
38,
688
4,26
39,
248
-2,0004,0006,0008,000
10,00012,00014,00016,000
2007 2008 2009 2010
Commercial Backyard
Economically important emergent and endemic pig diseases in Asia
• PRRS and highly virulent PRRS• Foot and mouth disease• Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED)• Porcine circovirus type 2 diseases (PCVD)• Classical swine fever• Aujeszky’s disease (pseudorabies)• Glasser’s disease (Haemophilus parasuis)• Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae• Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC)• Mycoplasmal pneumonia
Porcine reproductive and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
• Endemic in all major pig rearing areas in Asia
• Most sows in commercial herds are serologically positive
• However, the disease in some herds are actually inactive and stable although seroprevalence in sows may be high due to past history of infection (or vaccination).
Porcine reproductive and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
• Of late, PRRS became a disease of greater concern in China, Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand.
• Outbreaks of “blue ear disease” or highly virulent (atypical) PRRS – previously known as swine high fever pig disease
• Started in Jangxi province in China. Spread rapidly throughout China
• Spread to Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos Cambodia and lately, Thailand
• Started in small and backyard piggeries in 2006
• Spread to many regions in China
• Serious economic losses
• However, very little information about the disease
• Also called Blue-eared disease
• killed over 80,000 pigs, led to the culling of 235,000 others and set pork prices rocketing.
• Pork price went up 85%
Swine High Fever DiseaseSwine High Fever Disease
Mystery Pig Disease in China in 2006
Conclusions• Chinese scientists believe that the aetiology of this
disease is a highly virulent PRRSV.
• Results (Jian et al., 2008) unambiguously fulfill Koch’s postulates and define highly pathogenic PRRSV as the aetiological agent of PHFS in China
• Inability to reproduce mortality with isolates (Vietnam, USDA) but ability to reproduce mortality with tissue homogenates (USDA study) may suggest that there might be another pathogen (?) involved.
• Some unanswered questions
• Potential danger of spread to other Asian countries.
Outbreak of “blue ear disease” in Vietnam
Outbreak of “blue ear disease” in Vietnam
Outbreak of “blue ear disease” in Vietnam
Postscript
• October 24, 2009 - China's agriculture ministry has announced that an epidemic of swine disease that killed more than 80,000 pigs in 2007 has emerged in parts of the country.
• Until October 20, just under 3,300 pigs had died from the disease and 7,724 had been culled.
• In April 2010, outbreaks of so-called blue ear disease have been reported in several areas in Vietnam.
• In November 2010, a sudden increase in morbidity and mortality due to PRRS in Thailand – mainly in backyard piggeries in Phitsanulok province.
Circovac® Registration
CountryRegistration Date(Sow claim only)
Actual Launch
Thailand 14 Sep 2007 Feb-2008
Malaysia 07 Dec 2007 Dec -2007
Philippines 10 Sep 2008 Oct-2008
Vietnam 22 Sep 2007 Nov-2008
South Korea 09 Feb 2009 May-2009
Indonesia 21 Sep 2010 Nov-2010
Cambodia 28 Apr 2010
Taiwan 2nd Qtr 2012
Piglet vaccination trial in Malaysia
• Farrow to finish farm• 250 sow herd• 12 litters of piglets. Half of each litter
was vaccinated at 3 weeks of age with 0.5 ml Circovac®
• Piglets weaned at 4 weeks of age• Surviving piglets recorded at 3, 4, 7
and 17 weeks of age
Piglet vaccination trial in Malaysia: Post-weaning mortality
05
1015202530
% post-weaning mortality
FarmA
FarmB
vacc
control
Farm A and B = piglet vaccination at 3 weeks of age
Piglet vaccination trial in Malaysia: grower mortality
02468
101214
% grower mortality
FarmA
FarmB
vacc
control
Farm A and B = vaccination at 3 weeks of age
Piglet vaccination trial in Malaysia
• Conclusion– Significant decrease of mortality in both
age groups…– Residual mortality probably due to
diseases other than PCVD
Piglet vaccination in Thailand
• P. Poolperm et al. (2009) 4th APVS, Tsukuba, Japan
• M&M– 11 barns without vaccination– 4 barns with CIRCOVAC vaccination,
0.5ml, IM, 3 weeks of age– Fattening losses (death and culled)– PCV2 RT-PCR at 15-16 weeks of age
Piglet vaccination in Thailand
4,08
10,591,24
2,36
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
NV V3w
% death% culled
• Results– Losses during the fattening period
(p<0.05)11x1200 pigs
4x1200 pigs
Piglet vaccination in Thailand
Table 1 PCV2 load confirmed in NV and V3w (15-16 week-old). Data are represented as mean log10 (PCV2 copies/ml) ± SD
Group NV (n=4) V3w (n=5)
Mean ±SD 7.34 ± 0.81 0.00 ± 0.00
NV = non vaccinated
V3w = vaccinated at 3 weeks
PCV2 RT-PCR at 15-16 weeks of age
Efficacy of CIRCOVAC® (Merial) in piglets under Japanese field conditions
E.Ono¹, M.Sugiyama¹, H.Koimaru¹, G.Kinoshita¹, N.Nakanishi², M.Pasini³. and F Joisel³
1.Merial Japan Limited, Tokyo, Japan2.Kyoto Animal Science Center, Kyoto, Japan3.Merial S.A.S., Lyon, France
Proceedings of the 5th Asian Pig Veterinary Society Congress. 7-9 March 2011, Pattaya, Thailand. P072
Material and methods
• Good Clinical Practices conditions (GCP)• Blinded, randomized & controlled trial• 3 farrow-to-finish farms• 2 experimental groups of 350 pigs each
– Vaccinated (VG): CIRCOVAC 0.5ml, IM once at weaning (3 weeks of age)
– Non-vaccinated (NVG): left as controls• Dead pigs
– Recorded– Submitted to a full necropsy– Pathology + Immuno-histochemistry
Material and methods (cont’d)
• Weighing at weaning and 18 weeks of age• Under grown pigs = pigs weighing less
than 75% of the average weight of the group
• 60 pigs blood sampled at 3, 12 and 18 weeks of age for PCV2 PCR test in:– Serum– Feces
Material and methods (cont’d)
• Chi² test applied for:– Mortality– Under grown pigs– PCR detection
• Student t-test applied for:– Average daily weight gain – Age at slaughter
• Wilcoxon’s test applied for: – Antibody titres
Results
• Safety in the target species– No general reaction in the vaccinated
pigs– No local reactions to the vaccine
Results
• Mortality rates– p<0.05
• PCVD– p<0.05
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
NVG VG
Total mortality
Suspected ofPCVD
Diagnosed asPCVD
Results
• Average daily weight gain in g/day (3 to 18 weeks of age)– p<0.05
• Age at slaughter (days)
• NVG: 201±24• VG: 176± 13
– p<0.05
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
NVG
VG
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
NVG
VG
Results
• Undergrown pigs (%)– p<0.05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
NVG
NVG
VG
Results
PCV2 antigen in serum
PCV2 antigen in feces
age 3w 12w 18w 3w 12w 18w
VG 3/60 7/60 3/60* 0/60 7/60 0/60
NVG 1/60 14/60 13/60* 0/60 12/52 2/49
Viraemia and fecal shedding results
- *p<0.05
Conclusion
• Safety in the target species has been confirmed
• In this GCP trial, CIRCOVAC has been shown to significantly:– Dramatically reduce mortality and PCVD-specific
mortality (- 30%)– Improve growth (+ 232g/day), homogeneity and
reduce undergrown pigs (-61.9%)– Reduce time to slaughter (-25days)– Increase the number of pigs delivered to
slaughter (+30%)– Reduce viraemia in the vaccinated pigs at 18
weeks of age
General conclusions
• Market share of Circovac® in Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines ranges from 40 to 70%
• Except in South Korea, Circovac® is recommended in both sows and piglets either as registered claims or as off-label
General conclusions
NEW POSITIONING “CIRCOVAC, the only proven “Whole HERD PCV2” vaccine, flexible for use in controlling PCV2 infections through sows or piglet application. With CIRCOVAC, devastating effects in piglets are controlled while retaining the reproductive benefits in sows, which no other PCV2 vaccine can do.”