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UNIT
Stanford NGSS Integrated CurriculumAn Exploration of a Multidimensional World
Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning & Equity
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Stanford NGSS Integrated Curriculum
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
GroupCulminatingProject:CreateAnAdvocacyVideoDescribingaMethodtoMinimizeHumanImpactOnAnOrganism
IndividualCulminatingProjectCompareandEvaluateDifferentSolutions
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsFor
Bees
Task2:ItTakesTwo
Task3:FeelingtheImpact
StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum:AnExplorationofaMultidimensionalWorldUnit4:AWarmerWorld
EssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?
TotalNumberofInstructionalDays:24.5–26.5
Unit4Pop-Out
Task1:HeatingUp
ConnecttotheCulminatingProjectusingtheProjectOrganizer
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
StorylineforUnit4Studentshavelikelyseenimagesandvideosdepictingverysadstoriesofanimalsaffectedbyclimate
change.Inthisunit,studentsexplorewhyglobalwarmingishappening,howitisaffectingorganismsaroundthe
world,andwhattheycandotominimizethishumanimpact.
Inthelastunit,studentslearnedabouthowalgaearebeingaffectedbyhuman-causedenvironmental
changes—excessfertilizerrunoffandchangingweatherconditionsassociatedwithclimatechange.InthisLift-Off
Task,studentsareintroducedtoanotherorganismthatisaffectedbyhuman-causedenvironmentalchange—
bees.Afterlookingataninfographicshowingbeepopulationdata,studentsbegintogeneratequestionsthat
mighthelpthembettermakesenseofwhatishappeningtothebeepopulation.Thesequestionswillguide
studentsthroughouttheunitastheycontinuetomakesenseofthedecliningbeepopulation,itscausesand
effects,andwhatcanbedonetoaddresstheissue.
InTask1,studentsexploretheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury,includingwhytheyhave
risenandhowthisaffectsEarth.Byintroducingonepieceofdataatatime,studentshaveanopportunityto
processtheevidenceanduseittogeneratetheirownquestionsthatdrivefurtherlearning.Bytheendofthis
task,studentswillbeabletoexplainwhyglobalwarmingoccurs,andapplythisnewknowledgetodefinethe
problemfacingtheirchosenorganismfortheirculminatingproject.
BeforestudentscanexplorewhatrisingtemperaturesmeansforEarthanditsorganisms,theyneedto
understandwhataffectsthesurvivalandreproductionoforganismsinthefirstplace.InTask2,studentswilllearn
aboutthedifferentanimalbehaviorsandplantstructuresthathelporganismstosuccessfullysurviveand
reproduce.Indoingso,theywilllearnthatthesecharacteristicsareofteninterrelatedandthusorganisms,like
beesandfloweringplants,relyoneachother.Thissetsthestageforstudentstolearn,inTask3,howthese
animalbehaviorsandplantstructuresarenegativelyimpactedbyglobalwarming.BytheendofTask2,students
willbeabletodescribethespecializedstructuresorbehaviorsthathelptheirspecificorganismsurviveand
reproduce.
InTask3,studentslearnthatanorganism’sabilitytosurviveandreproduceisatriskbecauseoftherisein
globaltemperatures.UsingthesameexamplesfromTask2,studentsresearchwhathappenswhenanorganism’s
environmentiscompromisedsomuchthatitaffectstheirbehaviorsandstructures.Byfocusingontheirown
organism,studentsareabletocompletetheresearchrequiredfortheirCulminatingProject.However,students
willalsoseethattheimpactofrisingglobaltemperaturesisabroaderissueastheylearnaboutotherorganisms
inamockscienceconferenceformat.
OncestudentshavecompletedalltasksandtheirProjectOrganizers,theycanbeginworkontheir
CulminatingProject.TheirCulminatingProjectistopickaplantoranimalaffectedbyglobalwarmingandthen
designamethodtominimizeormonitorthisimpact.Asagroup,studentswillcreateanadvocacyvideothat
describesthehumanimpactontheirorganismandgivesapotentialsolution,thusreplacingthesadandhopeless
typeofvideoweusuallysee.Afterpresentingtheirvideostotheclass,eachstudentwillcompareandevaluateall
thesolutionspresentedbytheirclassmates,andpresenttheirevaluationintheformatoftheirchoice(report,
poster,powerpoint,video,etc.).Ascomparedtotheotherthreeunits,Unit4isuniqueinthatisintroducestwo
PEs(MS-ESS3-3andMS-ETS1-2)inthefinalprojectonlyandnotduringthetasksthemselves.ThesePEswillbe
easierforstudentstounderstandinthefullcontextoftheproject.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
Three-DimensionalBreakdownofthePerformanceExpectations
Thisunitwasdevelopedtoalignwith,teach,andassessstudents’understandingandskillsrelatedtothese
PerformanceExpectations.Below,wehavemappedoutthedisciplinarycoreideas,crosscuttingconcepts,and
scienceandengineeringpracticesaddressedinthisunit.Aspectsofthedimensionsthatarenotexplicitly
addressedinthisunitarecrossedout.
PerformanceExpectations ScientificandEngineeringPractices
DisciplinaryCoreIdeas CrosscuttingConcepts
MS-ESS3-5.Askquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.[ClarificationStatement:Examplesoffactors
includehumanactivities(suchas
fossilfuelcombustion,cement
production,andagricultural
activity)andnaturalprocesses
(suchaschangesinincoming
solarradiationorvolcanic
activity).Examplesofevidence
canincludetables,graphs,and
mapsofglobalandregional
temperatures,atmosphericlevels
ofgasessuchascarbondioxide
andmethane,andtheratesof
humanactivities.Emphasisison
themajorrolethathuman
activitiesplayincausingtherise
inglobaltemperatures.]
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems● Askquestionstoidentify
andclarifyevidenceof
anargument.
ESS3.D:GlobalClimateChange● Humanactivities,suchas
thereleaseofgreenhouse
gasesfromburningfossil
fuels,aremajorfactorsin
thecurrentriseinEarth’s
meansurface
temperature(global
warming).Reducingthe
levelofclimatechange
andreducinghuman
vulnerabilitytowhatever
climatechangesdooccur
dependonthe
understandingofclimate
science,engineering
capabilities,andother
kindsofknowledge,such
asunderstandingof
humanbehaviorandon
applyingthatknowledge
wiselyindecisionsand
activities.
StabilityandChange● Stabilitymightbe
disturbedeitherby
suddeneventsor
gradualchangesthat
accumulateovertime.
MS-ETS1-1.Definethecriteriaandconstraintsofadesignproblemwithsufficientprecisiontoensureasuccessfulsolution,takingintoaccountrelevantscientificprinciplesandpotentialimpactsonpeopleandthenaturalenvironmentthatmaylimitpossiblesolutions.
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems● Defineadesignproblem
thatcanbesolved
throughthe
developmentofan
object,tool,processor
systemandincludes
multiplecriteriaand
constraints,including
scientificknowledge
thatmaylimitpossible
solutions.
ETS1.A:DefiningandDelimitingEngineeringProblems● Themorepreciselya
designtask’scriteriaand
constraintscanbe
defined,themorelikelyit
isthatthedesigned
solutionwillbe
successful.Specification
ofconstraintsincludes
considerationofscientific
principlesandother
relevantknowledgethat
arelikelytolimitpossible
solutions.
NoCCClisted
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
MS-LS1-4.Useargumentbasedonempiricalevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportanexplanationforhowcharacteristicanimalbehaviorsandspecializedplantstructuresaffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproductionofanimalsandplantsrespectively.[ClarificationStatement:
Examplesofbehaviorsthataffect
theprobabilityofanimal
reproductioncouldincludenest
buildingtoprotectyoungfrom
cold,herdingofanimalsto
protectyoungfrompredators,
andvocalizationofanimalsand
colorfulplumagetoattractmates
forbreeding.Examplesofanimal
behaviorsthataffectthe
probabilityofplantreproduction
couldincludetransferringpollen
orseeds,andcreatingconditions
forseedgerminationandgrowth.
Examplesofplantstructures
couldincludebrightflowers
attractingbutterfliesthattransfer
pollen,flowernectarandodors
thatattractinsectsthattransfer
pollen,andhardshellsonnuts
thatsquirrelsbury.]
EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence● Useanoralandwritten
argumentsupportedby
empiricalevidenceand
scientificreasoningto
supportorrefutean
explanationoramodel
foraphenomenonora
solutiontoaproblem.
LS1.B:GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms● Animalsengagein
characteristicbehaviors
thatincreasetheoddsof
reproduction.
● Plantsreproduceina
varietyofways,
sometimesdependingon
animalbehaviorand
specializedfeaturesfor
reproduction.
CauseandEffect● Phenomenamayhave
morethanonecause,
andsomecauseand
effectrelationshipsin
systemscanonlybe
describedusing
probability.
MS-ESS3-3.Applyscientificprinciplestodesignamethodformonitoringandminimizingahumanimpactontheenvironment.*[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofthe
designprocessincludeexamining
humanenvironmentalimpacts,
assessingthekindsofsolutions
thatarefeasible,anddesigning
andevaluatingsolutionsthat
couldreducethatimpact.
Examplesofhumanimpactscan
includewaterusage(suchasthe
withdrawalofwaterfrom
streamsandaquifersorthe
constructionofdamsandlevees),
landusage(suchasurban
development,agriculture,orthe
DesigningSolutions● Applyscientific
principlestodesignan
object,tool,processor
system.
ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarthSystems● Humanactivitieshave
significantlyalteredthe
biosphere,sometimes
damagingordestroying
naturalhabitatsand
causingtheextinctionof
otherspecies.But
changestoEarth’s
environmentscanhave
differentimpacts
(negativeandpositive)
fordifferentliving
things.
● Typicallyashuman
populationsandper-
capitaconsumptionof
naturalresources
CauseandEffect● Relationshipscanbe
classifiedascausalor
correlational,and
correlationdoesnot
necessarilyimply
causation.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
removalofwetlands),and
pollution(suchasoftheair,
water,orland).]
increase,sodothe
negativeimpactson
Earthunlesstheactivities
andtechnologies
involvedareengineered
otherwise.
MS-ETS1-2.Evaluatecompetingdesignsolutionsusingasystematicprocesstodeterminehowwelltheymeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem.
EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence● Evaluatecompeting
designsolutionsbased
onjointlydeveloped
andagreed-upondesign
criteria.
ETS1.B:DevelopingPossibleSolutions● Therearesystematic
processesforevaluating
solutionswithrespectto
howwelltheymeetthe
criteriaandconstraintsof
aproblem.
NoCCClisted
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
ConnectionstoCommonCoreMathandELAStandards:
Overthecourseofthisunit,studentswillgainknowledgeandskillsinscience,aswellasinmathandEnglish-
LanguageArts.BelowwelisttheCommonCoreELAandMathstandardsformiddleschooland6thgradethatare
relevanttothecurriculumtasksinthisunit.Withinthecurriculum,thereareopportunitiestoincorporate
componentsofthefollowingELAandMathStandards:
MiddleSchooland6thGradeCommonCoreELAStandards UnitTaskKeyIdeasandDetails
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.1:Citespecifictextualevidencetosupportanalysisof
scienceandtechnicaltexts.
Task2
Project
TextTypesandPurposes
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.1:Writeargumentsfocusedondiscipline-specific
content.
Task2
Project
ResearchtoBuildandPresentKnowledge
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.7:Conductshortresearchprojectstoanswera
question(includingaself-generatedquestion),drawingonseveralsourcesand
generatingadditionalrelated,focusedquestionsthatallowformultipleavenuesof
exploration.
Task1
Task2
Task3
Project
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.8:Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultipleprint
anddigitalsources,usingsearchtermseffectively.
Task1
Task2
Task3
Project
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9:Drawevidencefrominformationaltextstosupport
analysis,reflection,andresearch.
Task2
Task3
Project
MiddleSchooland6thGradeCommonCoreMathStandards UnitTask
MathematicalPractice
CCSS.MATH.MP.2:Reasonabstractlyandquantitatively. Task1
Project
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
ConnectionstoEnglishLanguageDevelopment(ELD)Standards:
Weacknowledgethatlanguagedevelopmentisakeycomponentofdisciplinaryunderstandingandhelpsto
supportmorerigorousandequitableoutcomesfordiversestudents.Thiscurriculumthustakesintoaccountboth
thereceptiveandproductivelanguagedemandsoftheculminatingprojectsandstrivestoincreaseaccessibilityby
includingscaffoldsforlanguagedevelopmentandpedagogicalstrategiesthroughoutlearningtasks.Weaimto
supportlanguageacquisitionthroughthedevelopmentofconceptmaps;utilizingsentenceframes;implementing
theCritique,Correct,Clarifytechnique;employingtheStrongerClearerstrategy;andfosteringlargeandsmall
groupdiscussions.
TheCaliforniaELDStandardsarecomprisedoftwosections:thestandardsandarubric.Outlinedbelowarethe
standardsfromSectionOnethataremetwithinthiscurriculum.Foradditionalinformation,pleasereferto:
https://www.pausd.org/sites/default/files/pdf-faqs/attachments/SS_ELD_6.pdf.
6thGradeELDStandardsPartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
A:Collaborative 1.Exchanginginformationandideaswithothersthroughoralcollaborative
discussionsonarangeofsocialandacademictopics
2.InteractingwithothersinwrittenEnglishinvariouscommunicativeforms(print,
communicativetechnology,andmultimedia)
3.Offeringandjustifyingoptions,negotiatingwithandpersuadingothersin
communicativeexchanges
4.Adaptinglanguagechoicestovariouscontexts(basedontask,purpose,
audience,andtexttype)
B:Interpretive 5.ListeningactivelytospokenEnglishinarangeofsocialandacademiccontexts
6.Readingcloselyliteraryandinformationaltextsandviewingmultimediato
determinehowmeaningisconveyedexplicitlyandimplicitlythroughlanguage
7.Evaluatinghowwellwritersandspeakersuselanguagetosupportideasand
argumentswithdetailsorevidencedependingonmodality,texttype,purpose,
audience,topic,andcontentarea
8.Analyzinghowwritersandspeakersusevocabularyandotherlanguage
resourcesforspecificpurposes(toexplain,persuade,entertain,etc.)dependingon
modality,texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea
C:Productive
9.Expressinginformationandideasinformaloralpresentationsonacademic
topics
10.Writingliteraryandinformationaltextstopresent,describe,andexplainideas
andinformation,usingappropriatetechnology
11.Justifyingownargumentsandevaluatingothers’argumentsinwriting
12.Selectingandapplyingvariedandprecisevocabularyandotherlanguage
resourcestoeffectivelyconveyideas
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
A:Structuring
CohesiveTexts
1.Understandingtextstructure
2.Understandingcohesion
B:Expandingand
EnrichingIdeas
3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
5.Modifyingtoadddetails
C:Connecting
andCondensing
Ideas
6.Connectingideas
7.Condensingideas
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
UnitOverview
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 8
ConnectionstoEnvironmentalAwareness:
Overthecourseofthiscurriculum,studentswillexplorecontentrelatedtovariousenvironmentalprinciplesand
conceptsthatexaminetheinteractionsandinterdependenceofhumansocietiesandnaturalsystems.In
accordancewiththeEducationandtheEnvironmentInitiative(EEI),tasksthroughoutthiscurriculumexplore
manyofCalifornia’sApprovedEnvironmentalPrinciplesandConcepts.Theprinciplesrelevanttothisunitareoutlinedinthechartbelow:
UnitTask EEIPrinciple EEIConceptTask1
Project
PrincipleI:Thecontinuationandhealthof
individualhumanlivesandofhuman
communitiesandsocietiesdependonthe
healthofthenaturalsystemsthatprovide
essentialgoodsandecosystemservices.
ConceptA:Thegoodsproducedbynaturalsystems
areessentialtohumanlifeandtothefunctioningof
oureconomiesandcultures.
Lift-OffTask
Task1
Task3
Project
PrincipleII:Thelong-termfunctioningand
healthofterrestrial,freshwater,coastaland
marineecosystemsareinfluencedbytheir
relationshipswithhumansocieties.
ConceptA:Directandindirectchangestonatural
systemsduetothegrowthofhumanpopulationsand
theirconsumptionratesinfluencethegeographic
extent,composition,biologicaldiversity,andviability
ofnaturalsystems.
ConceptB.Methodsusedtoextract,harvest,
transport,andconsumenaturalresourcesinfluence
thegeographicextent,composition,biological
diversity,andviabilityofnaturalsystems.
ConceptC:Theexpansionandoperationofhuman
communitiesinfluencesthegeographicextent,
composition,biologicaldiversity,andviabilityof
naturalsystems.
Task1
Task3
Project
PrincipleIII:Naturalsystemschangeinways
thatpeoplebenefitfromandcaninfluence.
ConceptA:Naturalsystemsproceedthroughcycles
andprocessesthatarerequiredfortheirfunctioning.
ConceptC:Humanpracticescanalterthecyclesand
processesthatoperatewithinnaturalsystems.
Lift-OffTask
Task1
Task3
Project
PrincipleIV:Theexchangeofmatterbetween
naturalsystemsandhumansocietiesaffectsthe
long-termfunctioningofboth.
ConceptA:Theeffectsofhumanactivitiesonnatural
systemsaredirectlyrelatedtothequantitiesof
resourcesconsumedandtothequantityand
characteristicsoftheresultingbyproducts.
ConceptB:Thebyproductsofhumanactivityarenot
readilypreventedfromenteringnaturalsystemsand
maybebeneficial,neutral,ordetrimentalintheir
effect.
ConceptC:Thecapacityofnaturalsystemstoadjustto
human-causedalterationsdependsonthenatureof
thesystemaswellasthescope,scale,anddurationof
theactivityandthenatureofitsbyproducts.
Project PrincipleV:Decisionsaffectingresourcesand
naturalsystemsarecomplexandinvolvemany
factors.
ConceptA:Thereisaspectrumofwhatisconsidered
inmakingdecisionsaboutresourcesandnatural
systemsandhowthosefactorsinfluencedecisions.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
TeacherMaterialsList
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?OverallUnit–AllTasks
• Unit4,TaskCardsStudentVersion,Lift-OffandTasks1through3• CulminatingProjectStudentTaskCard• ProjectOrganizer• ProjectorwithAudio(forvideoorimages,wheneverneeded)
Lift-OffTask(2days,basedon45-minuteperiods)PerStudent
• TaskCardStudentVersion:Lift-Off• Post-Its(Optional)• TaskCardStudentVersion:CulminatingProject• ProjectOrganizer
PerGroup• Posterpaperandmarkers
WholeClass• Posterpaperandmarkers• *SeeInstructionsinLift-Offforotheroptionalmaterialstousefortheclassconceptmap
Task1(4days,basedon45-minuteperiods)PerStudent
• TaskCardStudentVersion:Task1• ProjectOrganizer• TaskCardStudentVersion:CulminatingProject(forlistoforganismoptions)• ComputersorTabletsforresearch(optional)
PerGroup• EvidenceCards#1-5• ComputerorTablet(forvideo)
WholeClass• ProjectorandSpeakers
Task2(4days,basedon45-minuteperiods)PerStudent
• TaskCardStudentVersion:Task2• ProjectOrganizer• ComputersorTabletsforresearch(asnecessary)
PerStation• StationCards(1-2copiesperstation)–mayneedtoduplicatestationsbasedonclasssize
Task3(4.5–6.5days,basedon45-minuteperiods)PerStudent
• TaskCardStudentVersion:Task3
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
TeacherMaterialsList
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
• ProjectOrganizer• Post-Its(Optional–3+perperson)
PerGroup• ResearchCard(Optional)• 1-2ComputersorTablets,forresearch• 2PosterPapers• Markers• Post-Its(1stack,splitupbetweengroupmembers)
CulminatingProject(10days,basedon45-minuteperiods)AdvocacyVideo
• RecordingDevice(phone,computer,camera,etc.)• MovieEditingSoftware(Optional)• PosterPaper(Optionalforvisuals)• Colorpencils/markersorcomputergraphics(OptionalforVisuals)
SolutionsEvaluation• Dependsontheirchoiceinformat
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
InUnit3,studentsbegantoexplorehumanimpactonnaturalsystemsthroughtheirCulminatingProject,asthey
thoughtaboutwhyalgalbloomshavebecomemorecommoninrecentyears.Inthisunit,studentscontinuewiththis
theme,specificallylookingatwhyglobaltemperaturesareontheriseandwhatthismeansfororganismsaroundthe
world.Inthisculminatingproject,studentsareaskedtodesignamethodtomonitorandminimizethistypeofhuman
impactonaparticularorganism.
Theintegratedmodelrequiresstudentstoaccessanduseawiderangeofideasfrompriorgrades.Thiscontent
knowledgespansfivedifferentDisciplinaryCoreIdeasinthisunit:ESS3.D:GlobalClimateChange,ETS1.A:Definingand
DelimitingEngineeringProblems,LS1.B:GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms,ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarth
Systems,andETS1.B:DevelopingPossibleSolutions.
Asstudentsexplorethesecoreideas,theybuildontheirskillsinthefollowingscienceandengineeringpractices:Asking
QuestionsandDefiningProblems,DesigningSolutions,andEngaginginArgumentFromEvidence.Inadditiontoscience
andengineeringpractices,studentsalsocontinuetobuildontheirknowledgeofthecrosscuttingconceptsofCauseand
EffectandStabilityandChange.
*ThissummaryisbasedoninformationfoundintheNGSSFramework.
K-8ProgressionofDisciplinaryCoreIdeas,ScienceandEngineeringPractices,andCrosscuttingConceptsforUnit4
DisciplinaryCoreIdeas
K-2 3-5 6-8
ESS3.DGlobalClimateChange
N/A
N/A
Humanactivitiesaffectglobal
warming.Decisionstoreducethe
impactofglobalwarmingdependon
understandingclimatescience,
engineeringcapabilities,andsocial
dynamics.
ETS1.ADefiningandDelimitingEngineeringProblems
Asituationthatpeoplewantto
changeorcreatecanbe
approachedasaproblemtobe
solvedthroughengineering.
Suchproblemsmayhavemany
acceptablesolutions.Asking
questions,making
observations,andgathering
informationarehelpfulin
thinkingaboutproblems.
Beforebeginningtodesigna
solution,itisimportantto
clearlyunderstandthe
problem.
Possiblesolutionstoaproblem
arelimitedbyavailablematerials
andresources(constraints).The
successofadesignedsolutionis
determinedbyconsideringthe
desiredfeaturesofasolution
(criteria).Differentproposalsfor
solutionscanbecomparedon
thebasisofhowwelleachone
meetsthespecifiedcriteriafor
successorhowwelleachtakes
theconstraintsintoaccount.
Themorepreciselyadesigntask’s
criteriaandconstraintscanbe
defined,themorelikelyitisthatthe
designedsolutionwillbesuccessful.
Specificationofconstraintsincludes
considerationofscientificprinciples
andotherrelevantknowledgethat
arelikelytolimitpossiblesolutions.
LS1.BGrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms
Parentsandoffspringoften
engageinbehaviorsthathelp
theoffspringsurvive.
Reproductionisessentialto
everykindoforganism.
Organismshaveuniqueand
diverselifecycles.
Animalsengageinbehaviorsand
plantshavespecializedstructures
thatincreasetheoddsof
reproduction.Anorganism’sgrowth
isaffectedbybothgeneticand
environmentalfactors.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
ESS3.CHumanImpactonEarthSystems
Thingspeopledocanaffect
theenvironment,buttheycan
makechoicestoreducetheir
impacts.
Societalactivitieshavehad
majoreffectsonland,ocean,
atmosphere,andevenouter
space.Societalactivitiescanalso
helpprotectEarth’sresources
andenvironments.
Humanactivitieshavealteredthe
biospheresometimesdamagingit,
althoughchangestoenvironments
canhavedifferentimpactsfor
differentlivingthings.Activitiesand
technologiescanbeengineeredto
reducepeople’simpactsonEarth.
ETS1.BDevelopingPossibleSolutions
Designscanbeconveyed
throughsketches,drawings,or
physicalmodels.These
representationsareusefulin
communicatingideasfora
problem’ssolutionstoother
people.
Researchonaproblemshould
becarriedoutbeforebeginning
todesignasolution.Testinga
solutioninvolvesinvestigating
howwellitperformsundera
rangeoflikelyconditions.At
whateverstage,communicating
withpeersaboutproposed
solutionsisanimportantpartof
thedesignprocess,andshared
ideascanleadtoimproved
designs.
Therearesystematicprocessesfor
evaluatingsolutionswithrespectto
howwelltheymeetthecriteriaand
constraintsofaproblem.
ScienceandEngineeringPractices
K-2 3-5 6-8
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems*
Askingquestionsanddefining
problemsinK-2buildson
priorexperiencesand
progressestosimple
descriptivequestionsthatcan
betested.
• Askquestionsbasedon
observationstofind
moreinformationabout
thenaturaland/or
designedworld(s).
• Defineasimpleproblem
thatcanbesolved
throughthe
developmentofanewor
improvedobjectortool.
Askingquestionsanddefining
problemsin3-5buildsonprior
experiencesandprogressesto
specifyingqualitative
relationships.
• Askquestionsaboutwhat
wouldhappenifavariable
ischanged.
• Usepriorknowledgeto
describeproblemsthat
canbesolved.
• Defineasimpledesign
problemthatcanbe
solvedthroughthe
developmentofanobject,
tool,process,orsystem
andincludesseveral
criteriaforsuccessand
constraintsonmaterials,
time,orcost.
Askingquestionsanddefining
problemsin6-8buildsonprior
experiencesandprogressesto
specifyingrelationshipsbetween
variables,andclarifyingargumentsand
models.
• Askquestionstoidentifyand
clarifyevidenceofanargument.
• Defineadesignproblemthatcan
besolvedthroughthe
developmentofanobject,tool,
process,orsystemandincludes
multiplecriteriaandconstraints,
includingscientificknowledge
thatmaylimitpossiblesolutions.
DesigningSolutions*
DesigningsolutionsinK-2
buildsonpriorexperiences
andprogressestotheuseof
evidenceandideasin
designingsolutions.
• Usetoolsand/or
Designingsolutionsin3-5
buildsonpriorexperiencesand
progressestotheuseof
evidenceindesigningmultiple
solutionstodesignproblems.
• Applyscientificideasto
Designingsolutionsin6-8buildson
priorexperiencesandprogressesto
includedesigningsolutionssupported
bymultiplesourcesofevidence
consistentwithscientificknowledge,
principles,andtheories.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
materialstodesign
and/orbuildadevice
thatsolvesaspecific
problem.
• Generateand/or
comparemultiple
solutionstoaproblem.
solvedesignproblems.
• Generateandcompare
multiplesolutionstoa
problembasedonhow
welltheymeetthecriteria
andconstraintsofthe
designsolution.
• Applyscientificideasorprinciples
todesignanobject,tool,process
orsystem.
EngaginginArgumentfromEvidence*
Engaginginargumentfrom
evidenceinK-2buildsonprior
experiencesandprogressesto
comparingideasand
representationsaboutthe
naturalanddesignedworld(s).
• Constructanargument
withevidencetosupport
aclaim.
• Makeaclaimaboutthe
effectivenessofan
object,tool,orsolution
thatissupportedby
relevantevidence.
Engaginginargumentfrom
evidencein3-5buildsonprior
experiencesandprogressesto
critiquingthescientific
explanationsorsolutions
proposedbypeersbyciting
relevantevidenceaboutthe
naturalanddesignedworld(s).
• Constructand/orsupport
anargumentwith
evidence,data,and/ora
model.
• Usedatatoevaluate
claimsaboutcauseand
effect.
• Makeaclaimaboutthe
meritofasolutiontoa
problembycitingrelevant
evidenceabouthowit
meetsthecriteriaand
constraintsofthe
problem.
Engaginginargumentfromevidencein
6-8buildsonpriorexperiencesand
progressestoconstructinga
convincingargumentthatsupportsor
refutesclaimsforeitherexplanations
orsolutionsaboutthenaturaland
designedworld(s).
• Useanoralandwrittenargument
supportedbyempiricalevidence
andscientificreasoningto
supportorrefuteanexplanation
oramodelforaphenomenonor
asolutiontoaproblem.
• Evaluatecompetingdesign
solutionsbasedonjointly
developedandagreed-upon
criteria.
*TheseSEPsaresummativelyassessedusingtheCulminatingProjectoraTask-SpecificRubric.
CrosscuttingConcepts
K-2 3-5 6-8
CauseandEffect* Studentslearnthatevents
havecausesthatgenerate
observablepatterns.They
designsimpleteststogather
evidencetosupportorrefute
theirownideasaboutcauses.
• Eventshavecausesthat
generateobservable
patterns.
Studentsroutinelyidentifyand
testcausalrelationshipsanduse
theserelationshipstoexplain
change.Theyunderstandevents
thatoccurtogetherwith
regularitymightormightnot
signifyacauseandeffect
relationship.
• Causeandeffect
relationshipsareroutinely
identified,tested,andused
toexplainchange.
• Eventsthatoccurtogether
withregularitymightor
mightnotbeacauseand
effectrelationship.
Studentsclassifyrelationshipsas
causalorcorrelational,andrecognize
thatcorrelationdoesnotnecessarily
implycausation.Theyusecauseand
effectrelationshipstopredict
phenomenainnaturalordesigned
systems.Theyalsounderstandthat
phenomenamayhavemorethanone
cause,andsomecauseandeffect
relationshipsinsystemscanonlybe
describedusingprobability.
• Relationshipscanbeclassifiedas
causalorcorrelational,and
correlationdoesnotnecessarily
implycausation.
• Phenomenamayhavemorethan
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
onecause,andsomecauseand
effectrelationshipsinsystems
canonlybedescribedusing
probability.
StabilityandChange
Studentsobservesomethings
staythesamewhileother
thingschange,andthingsmay
changeslowlyorrapidly.
• Somethingsstaythe
samewhileotherthings
change.
• Thingsmaychangeslowly
orrapidly.
Studentsmeasurechangein
termsofdifferencesovertime,
andobservethatchangemay
occuratdifferentrates.Students
learnsomesystemsappear
stable,butoverlongperiodsof
timetheywilleventuallychange.
• Somesystemsappear
stable,butoverlongperiods
oftimewilleventually
change.
Studentsexplainstabilityandchange
innaturalordesignedsystemsby
examiningchangesovertime,and
consideringforcesatdifferentscales,
includingtheatomicscale.Students
learnchangesinonepartofasystem
mightcauselargechangesinanother
part,systemsindynamicequilibrium
arestableduetoabalanceof
feedbackmechanisms,andstability
mightbedisturbedbyeithersudden
eventsorgradualchangesthat
accumulateovertime.
• Stabilitymightbedisturbed
eitherbysuddeneventsor
gradualchangesthataccumulate
overtime.
*TheseCCCsaresummativelyassessedusingtheCulminatingProjectoraTask-SpecificRubric.
ProgressionofKnowledgefromKindergarten–8thgrade
ESS3.D.GlobalClimateChange:ThisDCIisnotintroduceduntilthemiddleschoolPEaddressedinthisunit.However,in
earliergrades,studentsdoengagewithvariousaspectsofnaturalresourceuseandhumanimpactthatoffer
connectionstothisDCI.Forexample,in4thgrade,studentslearnabouthowenergyisderivedfromnaturalresources
andtheiruseaffectstheenvironment.Thenin5thgrade,studentsbegintothinkaboutgeneralhumanimpactson
Earth’senvironmentsandwhattheycantoprotecttheseenvironments.Inthisunit,studentsfocusinonespecific
environmentalimpact—howhumanactivitiesarecontributingtotheriseinglobaltemperatures.
ThefollowingistheprogressionofthePerformanceExpectationsforthisDCI:
MS-ESS3-5 Askquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesover
thepastcentury.
ETS1.A.DefiningandDelimitingEngineeringProblems:InKindergartenthroughsecondgrade,studentsfirstbeginto
approachsituationsasproblemstobesolvedthroughengineering.Theylearntoaskquestionsandgatherinformation
toclearlyunderstandaproblem.Inthirdthroughfifthgrade,studentsbuildonanunderstandingoftheproblemtoalso
identifycriteriaandconstraintssurroundingtheproblem.Inthissixthgradeunit,studentstakethisprocessastep
furtherbydefiningcriteriaandconstraintsmoreprecisely,includingconsiderationofscientificprinciplesandother
relevantknowledge.InKindergartentosecondgrade,studentsfocusonthescienceandengineeringpracticeofAsking
QuestionsinordertohelpthemwiththepracticeofDefiningProblems,whichcontinuestobethemainfocusin
subsequentgrades.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
ThefollowingistheprogressionofthePerformanceExpectationsforthisDCI:
K-2-ETS1-1 Askquestions,makeobservations,andgatherinformationaboutasituationpeoplewanttochange
todefineasimpleproblemthatcanbesolvedthroughthedevelopmentofaneworimprovedobject
ortool.
3-5-ETS1-1 Defineasimpledesignproblemreflectinganeedorawantthatincludesspecifiedcriteriaforsuccess
andconstraintsonmaterials,time,orcost.
MS-ETS1-1 Definethecriteriaandconstraintsofadesignproblemwithsufficientprecisiontoensureasuccessful
solution,takingintoaccountrelevantscientificprinciplesandpotentialimpactsonpeopleandthe
naturalenvironmentthatmaylimitpossiblesolutions.
LS1.B.GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms:Infirstgrade,studentsbegintoengagewiththisDCIbythinkingabout
plantandanimalbehaviorsthathelptheoffspringtosurvive.Inthirdthroughfifthgrade,studentstakeastepbackfrom
survivalbehaviorsandlookatthebigpictureoforganisms—thatwhilediverse,theyallhavealifecyclethatinvolves
reproduction.InUnit3,studentsfocusedonthegrowthaspectofthelifecycleastheygatheredevidenceforhow
environmentalandgeneticfactorsinfluencethegrowthofplants.Inthisunit,studentsbuildontheirpriorknowledge
fromfirstgradeastheylearnthatcertainanimalbehaviorsandplantstructurescanincreasetheoddsofreproduction—
whichisanotherkeyaspectofthelifecyclesthattheyexploredinthirdgrade.Studentsfirstfocusonthecrosscutting
conceptofPatterns,butlaterswitchtothelensofCauseandEffect.ThereisalsoawidevarietyofScienceand
EngineeringPracticesacrossthePEs,asshownbelow.
ThefollowingistheprogressionofthePerformanceExpectationsforthisDCI:
1-LS1-2 Readtextsandusemediatodeterminepatternsinbehaviorofparentsandoffspringthathelp
offspringsurvive.
3-LS1-1 Developmodelstodescribethatorganismshaveuniqueanddiverselifecyclesbutallhavein
commonbirth,growth,reproduction,anddeath.
MS-LS1-4 Useargumentbasedonempiricalevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportanexplanationforhow
characteristicanimalbehaviorsandspecializedplantstructuresaffectprobabilityofsuccessful
reproductionofanimalsandplantsrespectively.
MS-LS1-5 Constructascientificexplanationbasedonevidenceforhowenvironmentalandgeneticfactors
influencethegrowthoforganisms.
ESS3.C.HumanImpactsonEarthSystems:InKindergartenthroughsecondgrade,studentsbegintothinkabouthowthe
thingsthatpeopledotolivecomfortablycanaffecttheworldaroundthem.Inturn,theyalsoconsiderhowtheymight
makechoicestoreducethisimpact.Inthird-fifthgrade,studentscontinueanexplorationofproblematichumanimpacts
andthecorrespondingsolutionscommunitiesarealreadyputtinginplace.Thissetsthestageforthisunit,asstudents
digintoaspecifichumanimpacttodesigntheirownmethodformonitoringandminimizingthathumanimpact.Ina
latermiddleschoolunit,studentswillenvisionthebiggerpicturebyexamininghowincreasesinhumanpopulationand
per-capitaconsumptioncauseagreaternegativeimpactonEarth’ssystems.Asidefromthisunit,studentsfluctuate
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
mostlybetweentheSEPsofEngaginginArgumentFromEvidenceandObtaining,Evaluating,andCommunicating
Information.ThroughoutallthePerformanceExpectationsbelow,studentsareengagingwiththeCCCsofCauseand
EffectorSystemsandSystemModels.
ThefollowingistheprogressionofthePerformanceExpectationsforthisDCI:
K-ESS2-2 Constructanargumentsupportedbyevidenceforhowplantsandanimals(includinghumans)can
changetheenvironmenttomeettheirneeds.
K-ESS3-3 Communicatesolutionsthatwillreducetheimpactofhumansontheland,water,air,and/orliving
thingsinthelocalenvironment.
5-ESS3-1 Obtainandcombineinformationaboutwaysindividualcommunitiesusescienceideastoprotectthe
Earth’sresourcesandenvironment.
MS-ESS3-3 Applyscientificprinciplestodesignamethodformonitoringandminimizingahumanimpactonthe
environment.
MS-ESS3-4
Constructanargumentsupportedbyevidenceforhowincreasesinhumanpopulationandper-capital
consumptionofnaturalresourcesimpactEarth’ssystems.
ETS1.B.DevelopingPossibleSolutions:InKindergartenthroughsecondgrade,studentsbegincommunicatingmultiple
designsintheformofdiagramsandsketches.Bythirdtofifthgrade,studentsmovefrommeredrawingstoactually
testingouttheirdesignstoseehowtheyperformunderdifferentconditions.Studentsthenusethisdatatomake
improvements.AsinKindergartenthroughsecondgrade,studentspracticetheideathatcommunicationofdesignswith
peersisanessentialpartofthedesignprocess.InUnit2,studentsmovedtowardsusingdatafromtestingsolutionsto
informimprovements,focusingontheideathatpartsofdifferentsolutionscanbeusedtomakeanevenbetter
solution.Inthisunit,studentsfocusonanotherPEassociatedwiththisDCI,whichasksstudentstousesystematic
processestoevaluatesolutionsforhowwelltheymeetcriteriaandconstraints.Atthedifferentgradelevels,students
engageinavarietyofdifferentscienceandengineeringpractices:DevelopingModelsinK-2,DesigningSolutions
(specificallycomparingsolutions)in3-5,andAnalyzingandInterpretingDataandEngaginginArgumentFromEvidence
in6-8.Thisisrepresentativeofthedifferentpracticesstudentsareengagingwith,describedabove.
ThefollowingistheprogressionofthePerformanceExpectationsforthisDCI:
K-2-ETS1-2 Developasimplesketch,drawing,orphysicalmodeltoillustratehowtheshapeofanobjecthelpsit
functionasneededtosolveagivenproblem.
3-5-ETS1-2 Generateandcomparemultiplepossiblesolutionstoaproblembasedonhowwelleachislikelyto
meetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem.
MS-ETS1-2
Evaluatecompetingdesignsolutionsusingasystematicprocesstodeterminehowwelltheymeetthe
criteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem.
MS-ETS1-3 Analyzedatafromteststodeterminesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveraldesignsolutionsto
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
BuildingonPriorKnowledge
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
identifythebestcharacteristicsofeachthatcanbecombinedintoanewsolutiontobettermeetthe
criteriaforsuccess.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?
Introduction
IntheLift-OffTask,studentssawthatbeepopulationsaredrasticallydecreasing.Weareseeingthesekindsof
changesinorganismsaroundtheworld—changesinpopulationsizeandeveninbehaviorandintraits.Whyisthis
happeningandwhatcanwedoaboutit?
Inthisculminatingproject,eachgroup’staskistopickaplantor
animalaffectedbyglobalwarmingandthendesignamethodto
monitorandminimizethisimpact.Studentshavelikelyseenimages
orvideosdepictingverysadstoriesofanimalsaffectedbyclimate
change.Whileitiscertainlysad,thereisstillhope!Asagroup,
studentscreateanadvocacyvideothatdescribesthehumanimpact
ontheirorganismandgivesapotentialsolution,thusreplacingthe
sadandhopelesstypeofvideoweusuallysee.Individually,theywill
thencompareandevaluateallthedifferentsolutionsamongsttheir
classmatesandpresentitintheformatoftheirchoice(report,
poster,powerpoint,video,podcast,etc.).3-DimensionalAssessment
*Ascomparedtotheotherthreeunits,Unit4isuniqueinthatitintroducestwoPEs(MS-ESS3-3andMS-ETS1-2)
inthefinalprojectonlyandnotduringthetasksthemselves.ThesePEswillbeeasierforstudentstoengagewith
inthefullcontextoftheproject.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
TimeNeeded(Basedon45-MinutePeriods)10daysatendofunit
• GroupProject:5periods(includes1presentationday)
• IndividualProject:5periods
o Firstdraft:3periods
o Feedback:1period
o Revision:1period
MaterialsAdvocacyVideo
• RecordingDevice(phone,computer,camera,etc.)
• MovieEditingSoftware(Optional)
• PosterPaper(Optionalforvisuals)
• Colorpencils/markersorcomputergraphics(OptionalforVisuals)
SolutionsEvaluation
• Dependsonchoiceinformat
InstructionsfortheCulminatingProject
1. IntroducetheCulminatingProjectattheendoftheLift-Offtask,includingbothgroupandindividual
componentsoutlinedintheChallenge.
2. ReadovertheCulminatingProjectTaskCardwiththestudents.Werecommendonlyreadingthe
ChallengeandGroupProjectCriteriaforSuccessatthistimeinordertonotoverwhelmstudentswith
information.
o Takequestionsforclarification.
3. WehaveprovidedalistoforganismsthatstudentsmaychoosefromintheCulminatingProjectTaskCard.
AttheendofthisTeacherVersion,wealsoprovideatablethatgivesyourelevantinformationoneach
organism,sourcesyoumaywishtogivestudentsastheyconducttheirownresearch,andsomepotential
solutionsstudentsmaycomeupwith.
4. RemindstudentsastheycompletetheProjectOrganizerthattheywillbeplanningpiecesoftheir
advocacyvideoandrecordingscientificconceptstheywilllikelyneedfortheirindividualproject.
However,thereisnothingwrongwithgoingbackandchangingtheirideasoverthecourseoftheunit.The
studentswon’tfullydeveloptheiradvocacyvideoorsolutionsevaluationuntiltheendoftheunit,so
changeduringtheimaginativeandcreativetimeisacceptableandoftenexperienced.
5. MakesurethestudentsfillouttheProjectOrganizeraftereachtask,whichwillhelpthestudentsthink
aboutdifferentpartsoftheiradvocacyvideoorsolutionsevaluationalongtheway.Thisprocessallows
studentstobothapplyanddocumentrelevantscientificconceptsastheymovethroughouttheunit.This
willinformboththeirgroupandindividualprojects.
o WerecommendthatstudentscompletetheProjectOrganizerindividually.Theymightdiscuss
ideasfirstasagroup,butshouldthenrespondindividually.Thisallowsstudentstimetoprocess
conceptsontheirownandgeneratetheirownideas,whichcanbeusedlaterwhenitcomesto
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
developingtheirgroupproject.TheoneexceptiontothisisforTask1;atthispoint,studentswill
needtoworkasagrouptoselectanorganismfortheirCulminatingProject.
6. ThetablebelowsummarizeshowtheProjectOrganizerguidesthestudentsthroughdevelopingdifferent
componentsoftheiradvocacyvideo(groupproduct)andsolutionsevaluation(individualproduct).
Task ProjectOrganizer GroupandIndividualCulminatingProject
LiftOffBadNewsfor
Bees
• Makeahypothesis:Whatdoyouthinkis
causingthebeepopulationtodecrease?
• Doyouthinkotherorganismsaroundthe
worldmightalsobeaffectedbythesame
cause?How?
N/A
Task1HeatingUp
Selectanorganismforyourculminatingproject.
• Definetheproblem:Whatishappeningto
globaltemperatureandwhymightitbea
problem?
• Identifythecriteriaforasuccessfulsolution:Howwillyouknowifasolutionaddressesthe
problem?
• Identifytheconstraintsofsolvingthisproblem:Whatmightmakeithardtosolve
thisproblem?
• Group:Adescriptionoftheproblem,
includingcriteriaandconstraints.
• Individual:Adescriptionoftheproblem,
includingcriteriaandconstraints.
Descriptioncitesglobalwarmingasthe
rootoftheproblem,includingevidence
tosupportthisclaim.
Task2ItTakesTwo
• WhatspecializedstructuresORbehaviors
doesyourorganismhavethathelpitsurvive
andreproduce?Describehowthese
characteristicsspecificallyhelpwithsurvival
and/orreproduction?
• Group:N/A• Individual:Anargumentforhowallthe
presentedorganisms’behaviorsor
structuresaffecttheirprobabilityfor
successfulreproduction,supportedby
evidence.
Task3Feelingthe
Impact
• Summarizetheideasfromyourposterhere.
o Describethefeedbackyoureceived
frompeersandhowyouplantorevise
itbasedonthatfeedback.
• ReturntoyourcriteriaandconstraintsthatyouidentifiedafterTask1.Basedonwhatyou
havelearnedaboutyourorganismsofar,how
canyourevisethemoraddtothem?
• Group:Adescriptionoftheproblem,
includinghowthechosenorganismis
affected.Anexplanationofamethodto
monitororminimizetheimpactonthe
organism.
• Individual:Anargumentforhowthe
reproductivebehaviorsorstructuresare
beingaffectedbyrisingtemperatures,
supportedbyevidence.
7. AfterallthelearningtasksandtheProjectOrganizerarecompleted,thestudentscanstarttodevelop
theiradvocacyvideo.TheProjectOrganizersandGroupProjectCriteriaforSuccessshouldbeusedas
referencetoremindstudentstoincludeallthecomponentsoftheiradvocacyvideo.
o Asalways,werecommendtheuseofgrouprolesforCulminatingProjectworktime(See“Howto
UseThisCurriculum”fordetails).Werecommendchangingtheroleseveryworkday.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
8. Whilegroupsarepresentingtheirvideos,wehighlyrecommendstudentstakenotesaboutthevideos
sincetheywillbeevaluatingthemintheirindividualproject.Youmaychoosetoprovidethemwitha
graphicorganizertoorganizetheirnotes.AnoptionisprovidedattheendofthisTeacherVersion.
9. Oncestudentshavetakennotesonallthevideos,theyarereadytomoveontotheirindividualproject.
Eachstudentwillcompareandevaluatethedifferentsolutionsamongstthegroups.Thiscanbeinthe
formatoftheirchoicebutitmustmeetallthecriteriainthestudenthandout.Becausestudentscan
chooseavarietyofformats,nooptionaltemplateisprovided.Remindstudentstoreferencethe
IndividualProjectCriteriaforSuccessastheycreatetheirSolutionsEvaluation.o Optional:Beforestudentsbegintheirevaluation,youmaywanttohaveaclassdiscussiontocome
toconsensusonthecriteriaandconstraintsforthehumanimpactproblemfacingallthese
organisms.Askstudentstoconsiderwhattheythinkwouldmakeasolutionsuccessfulandwhat
limitationsmightconstrainasolution.
10. ConductapeerreviewoftheSolutionsEvaluationafterstudentshavecompletedafirstdraft.
o CopytheSolutionsEvaluationPeerReviewFeedbackformfoundintheStudentInstructions.
AnotheroptionistousetheStudent3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric.
o Assigneachstudentapartner,preferablyapartnerfromadifferentgroup.
o Studentsswitchdraftsandassessthemusingthepeerreviewfeedbackform.
o Remindeachstudenttogiveonepositivecommentandoneconstructivecommentfor
eachsectiononthechecklist.
o Allowstudentstimetopresenttheirfeedbacktotheirpartner,sotheirpartnermayask
clarifyingquestionsifneeded.
11. Afterreceivingfeedback,allowstudentstimetocompleteafinaldraftbasedonthefeedbackthey
received.
AssessmentTheProjectOrganizercanbeformativelyassessedusing:
o Criteriaofyourchoice.Werecommendusingthe3-DimensionalAssessmentmatrixfromtheUnit
Overviewtoinformyourcriteria.
TheGroupCulminatingProjectwillbesummativelyassessedusing:
o TheGroupProjectCriteriaforSuccessChecklist
TheIndividualCulminatingProjectwillbesummativelyassessedusing:
o The3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric.o KeepinmindthattheProficientlevelindicatesthatthestudenthassuccessfullydemonstrated
understandingofthecriteria.BecauseweareintheearlystagesofNGSSadoption,itmaytakemultiple
opportunitiesthroughoutthecourseoftheyearforstudentstoreachProficient.
o Ifyouwishtogivestudentsanumericscore,youcouldtaketheaveragescoreofalloftheirrubricsoradd
uprubricscorestogivestudentsasummationoutofthetotal.Becauseofthenoteabove,thisscoring
maynotcorrelatetotraditionalgradingsystems.
o Whilewerecommendscoringalloftheprojectcriteriawiththerubricsforeachstudent,weunderstand
theburdenofthatlevelofscoring.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
o Oneoptionistoselecttherubricsthatyouwishtofocusonforthisprojectandusethoseto
assesseachstudent’sindividualproject.
o AnotheroptionistoreviewtheProficientlevelofeachoftheproject’srubricsandusethe
descriptionstogenerallyanalyzeallstudentworkfortrends.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
Organism CharacteristicthatHelpsReproduction
HowThisIsAffectedByGlobalWarming
OptionalSource PotentialSolutions
MagpieLarks Nesting–MagpieLarksusemudandgrasstomakenestsintreesinordertoprotecttheireggs.
Risingtemperaturesanddecreasedrainfallassociatedwithglobalwarmingarereducingtheavailabilityofmudavailabletomaketheirnests.Withoutmud,MagpieLarksareunabletoprotecttheiroffspring.
• https://www.bou.org.uk/mainwaring-climate-change-nests/
• Irrigatethedrierareaswithwaterfromwetterlocationstoincreasetheamountofmudavailable.
Shorebirds Nesting–Shorebirdsbuildtheirnestsonshore.
Globalwarmingiscausingreducedsnowcover,whichisaffectingthepopulationsofvariouspreyforArcticFoxes.Withouttheirusualprey,ArcticFoxesarefeedingonShorebirds’eggsintheirnests.
• https://www.birdwatchingdaily.com/news/conservation/increase-shorebird-nest-predation-climate-change/
• Constructbirdhousesthatkeepeggssafeinside,butstillhavenarrowopeningstoallowadultsinandouttofeedoffspring.
• Constructprotectedhabitatswithfencestokeepoutpredators.
FinnishBirds Nesting–FinnishBirdsbuildtheirnestsonarable(farm)land.
GlobalwarminghascausedFinnishBirdstoshifttheirbreedingtimeearlierintheseason.ThismeansFinnishBirdsarebuildingnestsonarablelandbeforefieldsareplowed,sotheeggsaredestroyedwhenthefieldsareplowed.
• https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180111100848.htm
• Designateacertainpercentageofprotectedlandtoremainunplowed.
• Buildanest-detectingdevicetoattachtothefarmers’tractors.
Salmon Migration–Salmonmigratefromtheoceanupstreamintoriverstofindasuitablespottolayeggs.
Salmonaremigratingandspawningearlierbecauseofthewarmertemperatures.Thechangingconditionscanmakegrowthandsurvivalmoredifficult
• https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2015/02/03/climate-change-poses-challenges-to-plants-and-animals/
• Buildadevicetohelpregulateriverwatertemperaturesinspawningpools.
• Buildadevicethatdetectsspawningandreleasesfoodinto
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
whenthebabiesareborn,ormigratinganimalsarrivebeforetheirfoodisavailable.Globalwarmingisalsocausingeitherlessriverwatersoitishardforsalmontomigrate,oritiscausingextremestormsthatwashoutspawninglocations.
• https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/sockeye-salmon-and-climate-change
rivernearspawningareas.• Transportingwaterfromwetter
locationsforwaterstorage.• Constructdamstoholdback
excesswaterduringextremeweatherevents.
WhoopingCranes
Migration–WhoopingCranesmigratenorthduringthespringforbetternestlocationswithanabundanceoffood.
Theyarenowmigratingearlierinthespringandlaterinthefallbecauseofwarmertemperatures.Thisposesariskofgettingcaughtinsnowstormsontheirmigrationjourneywithoutfood.
• https://phys.org/news/2017-09-climate-affecting-whooping-cranes-migration.html
• Constructandstrategicallyplacebirdhousesforearlymigrators.
Hummingbird Migration–Hummingbirdsmigratetobreedinggroundsduringpeakflowerbloomstohaveplentyofnectar(food)fortheiroffspring.
Globalwarmingiscausingflowerstobloomearlier.Thus,hummingbirdsarenowarrivingatthebreedinggroundstoolateforflowerblooms,andthustoolateforadequatefoodfortheiroffspring.
• https://www.audubon.org/conservation/how-climate-change-affects-hummingbirds-feeding-behavior
• https://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/climate-change-risk-to-hummingbirds
• https://bioone.org/journals/natural-areas-journal/volume-34/issue-2/043.034.0213/Timing-is-
• Constructandstrategicallyplacebirdhouseswithfoodinsideforlatemigrators.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 8
Everything--An-Overview-of-Phenological-Changes-to/10.3375/043.034.0213.full
Caribou Migration–Cariboumigratesouthforbreedingwherethereisanabundanceoffood.
Springplantgrowthisnowearlierbecauseofwarmingtemperatures.Thisishappeningwellbeforecalving,somanycalvesaredyingwithoutadequatefoodavailableatthebreedingsite.
• https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/5-plants-and-animals-utterly-confused-by-climate-change/
• Harvestingandstoringfoodforlatercariboumigration.
• DevelopingaplantingprotocolthatensuresplantgrowthlaterintheSpring.
• Geneticallyengineerplantstogrowlaterinthespring.
SpiderOrchid SexPheromonesandBrightFlowers–TheSpiderOrchidmimicsfemalebeesbyhavingbrightflowersthatlooklikeabeeandreleasingasexpheromone.
WarmingtemperaturesarecausingbeestoemergemuchearlierandtheSpiderOrchidsonlyslightlyearlier.Thismismatchbetweenthetimingofbees’presenceandtheSpiderOrchid’sfloweringmeansSpiderOrchidsarenotbeingpollinated.
• https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/05/climate-change-threatens-rare-british-orchid-that-tricks-bees-into-mating
• https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/06/climate-change-is-disrupting-flower-pollination-research-shows
• IntroducingotherinsectsthatcanpollinatetheSpiderOrchid.
• ArtificialPollination.
Lilac BrightFlowers–TheLilacattractspollinatorswithitsbrightflowers.
WarmingtemperaturesarecausingLilacstobloomearlier.Theinsectsthateatthemarethusplentifulearlier,sobythetimebirdsarriveforbreedingseason,therearenotenoughinsectsfor
• https://www.thoughtco.com/spring-phenology-and-global-climate-change-1203890
• Constructandstrategicallyplacebirdhouseswithfoodinsideformigrators.
• DevelopingaplantingprotocolthatensureslilacgrowthlaterintheSpring.
• Geneticallyengineerlilacsto
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 9
thebirdstoeat. growlaterinthespring.
GlacierLily BrightFlowers:TheGlacierLilyhasbrightflowerstoattracthummingbirds.
WarmingtemperaturesarecausingGlacierLiliestobloomearlier,beforethehummingbirdsarrive.ThisaffectspollinationfortheGlacierLilyandafoodsourceforthehummingbird.
• https://www.aaas.org/hummingbirds-lilies-thrown-climate-change
• https://bioone.org/journals/natural-areas-journal/volume-34/issue-2/043.034.0213/Timing-is-Everything--An-Overview-of-Phenological-Changes-to/10.3375/043.034.0213.full
• ArtificialPollinationfortheGlacierLily.
• Constructandstrategicallyplacebirdhouseswithfoodinsideforhummingbirds.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 10
AdvocacyVideoNotetaker
Organism Notes Howwelldoesthesolutionmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem?Couldthissolutionworkformyorganism?
1
2
3
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 11
Organism Notes Howwelldoesthesolutionmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem?
4
5
6
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
CulminatingProject
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 12
Organism Notes Howwelldoesthesolutionmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem?
7
8
9
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
Overview:Thefollowingrubricscanbeusedtoassesstheindividualproject:anevaluationofdifferentsolutionstominimizehumanimpactonorganisms.EachrubricisalignedtoonesectionoftheIndividualProjectCriteriaforSuccess,locatedontheCulminatingProjectStudentInstructions.*Ifstudentprovidesnoassessableevidence(e.g.,“Idon’tknow”orleavesanswerblank),thenthatstudentresponsecannotbeevaluatedusingtherubricandshouldbescoredasazero.Belowweprovideanalignmenttablethatdetailsthedimensionsassessedforeachcriterion.
StudentCriteriaforSuccess ScienceandEngineeringPractice DisciplinaryCoreIdea CrosscuttingConcept1 ü Adescriptionoftheproblemfacingall
organisms,including:o Thecriteriaandconstraintsfor
solvingthisproblemforallorganisms
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems● Defineadesignproblemthat
canbesolvedthroughthedevelopmentofanobject,tool,processorsystemandincludesmultiplecriteriaandconstraints,includingscientificknowledgethatmaylimitpossiblesolutions.
ETS1.A:DefiningandDelimitingEngineeringProblems● Themorepreciselyadesigntask’s
criteriaandconstraintscanbedefined,themorelikelyitisthatthedesignedsolutionwillbesuccessful.Specificationofconstraintsincludesconsiderationofscientificprinciplesandotherrelevantknowledgethatarelikelytolimitpossiblesolutions.
N/A
2 ü Scientificbackgroundtohelpyouraudienceunderstandtheproblem,including:o Thecauseoftheproblemandthe
evidencethatsupportsthiscause-and-effectrelationship
o Whetheryouthinkthisproblemwascausedbyasuddenchangeorgradualchangesthathaveaccumulatedovertimeandwhy
N/A ESS3.D:GlobalClimateChange● Humanactivities,suchasthereleaseof
greenhousegasesfromburningfossilfuels,aremajorfactorsinthecurrentriseinEarth’smeansurfacetemperature(globalwarming).Reducingthelevelofclimatechangeandreducinghumanvulnerabilitytowhateverclimatechangesdooccurdependontheunderstandingofclimatescience,engineeringcapabilities,andotherkindsofknowledge,suchasunderstandingofhumanbehaviorandonapplyingthatknowledgewiselyindecisionsandactivities.
StabilityandChange● Stabilitymightbedisturbed
eitherbysuddeneventsorgradualchangesthataccumulateovertime.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
3 ü Anargumentforwhyglobalwarmingposesathreattoorganisms,includingo 1)Howalltheorganisms’behaviors
orstructuresaffecttheirprobabilityforsuccessfulreproduction
o Describeexamplesfromothergroup’sprojectsasevidence
EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence● Useanoralandwritten
argumentsupportedbyempiricalevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportorrefuteanexplanationoramodelforaphenomenonorasolutiontoaproblem.
LS1.B:GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms● Animalsengageincharacteristic
behaviorsthatincreasetheoddsofreproduction.
● Plantsreproduceinavarietyofways,sometimesdependingonanimalbehaviorandspecializedfeaturesforreproduction.
N/A
4 ü Anargumentforwhyglobalwarmingposesathreattoorganisms,includingo 2)Howthesebehaviorsorstructures
arebeingaffectedbyrisingtemperatures
o Describeexamplesfromothergroup’sprojectsasevidence
N/A ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarthSystems● Humanactivitieshavesignificantly
alteredthebiosphere,sometimesdamagingordestroyingnaturalhabitatsandcausingtheextinctionofotherspecies.ButchangestoEarth’senvironmentscanhavedifferentimpacts(negativeandpositive)fordifferentlivingthings.
● Typicallyashumanpopulationsandper-capitaconsumptionofnaturalresourcesincrease,sodothenegativeimpactsonEarthunlesstheactivitiesandtechnologiesinvolvedareengineeredotherwise.
CauseandEffect● Phenomenamayhave
morethanonecause,andsomecauseandeffectrelationshipsinsystemscanonlybedescribedusingprobability.
5 ü Anexplanationofyourmethodtomonitororminimizetheimpactofyourplant/animal
DesigningSolutions● Applyscientificprinciplesto
designanobject,tool,process,orsystem.
ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarthSystems● Humanactivitieshavesignificantly
alteredthebiosphere,sometimesdamagingordestroyingnaturalhabitatsandcausingtheextinctionofotherspecies.ButchangestoEarth’senvironmentscanhavedifferentimpacts(negativeandpositive)fordifferentlivingthings.
● Typicallyashumanpopulationsandper-capitaconsumptionofnatural
N/A
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
resourcesincrease,sodothenegativeimpactsonEarthunlesstheactivitiesandtechnologiesinvolvedareengineeredotherwise.
6 ü Anevaluationofsolutions:o Whichsolutiondoyouthinkwill
havethemostimpact(bestmeetsthecriteria)?
o Whichsolutionseemstobethemostfeasible(bestmeetstheconstraints)?
o Basedonyourevaluation,whichsolutionwouldyourecommendandwhy?
EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence● Evaluatecompetingdesign
solutionsbasedonjointlydevelopedandagreed-upondesigncriteria.
ETS1.B:DevelopingPossibleSolutions● Therearesystematicprocessesfor
evaluatingsolutionswithrespecttohowwelltheymeetthecriteriaandconstraintsofaproblem.
N/A
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
Rubric1:Studentdefinestheproblemofhumanimpactonorganisms,includingcriteriaofsuccessandconstraintsthatmightlimitpossiblesolutions.
• DimensionsAssessed:SEP–AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems,DCI–ETS1.A:DefiningandDelimitingDesignProblems
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)Studentdoesnotdefinetheproblemofhumanimpactonorganismsand/orincludesinaccurateorirrelevantcriteriaofsuccessandconstraintsthatmightlimitpossiblesolutions.
Studentaccuratelydefinestheproblemofhumanimpactonorganisms,includingaccuratecriteriaofsuccessORconstraintsthatmightlimitpossiblesolutions.
Studentaccuratelydefinestheproblemofhumanimpactonorganisms,includingaccuratebutpartialcriteriaofsuccessandconstraintsthatmightlimitpossiblesolutions.
Studentaccuratelydefinestheproblemofhumanimpactonorganisms,includingaccurateandcompletecriteriaofsuccessandconstraintsthatmightlimitpossiblesolutions.
LookFors:● Studentdoesnotdescribeglobal
warmingthreateningorganismsastheproblem.
● And/orthestudentidentifiescriteriaofsuccessandconstraintsthatareinaccurate,irrelevant,orunreasonable.Forexample,theymightidentifyacriterionofsuccessasreversingglobalwarmingsothereisadecreaseinmeanglobaltemperature.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelydescribesthat
globalwarmingisposingathreattoalltheorganismsfocusedonintheprojects.
● StudentaccuratelydefinesthecriteriaforsuccessORatleastoneconstraint.SeeAdvancedLook-Forsforoptions.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelydescribesthat
globalwarmingisposingathreattoalltheorganismsfocusedonintheprojects.
● Studentaccuratelydefinesthecriteriaforsuccess.Forexample,studentexplainsthatmaintainingorincreasingorganismpopulationsizeswouldindicateasuccessfulsolution.
● Studentalsoaccuratelydefinesone,butnotmultipleconstraints.SeeAdvancedLook-Forsforoptions.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelydescribesthat
globalwarmingisposingathreattoalltheorganismsfocusedonintheprojects.
● Studentaccuratelydefinesthecriteriaforsuccess.Forexample,studentexplainsthatmaintainingorincreasingorganismpopulationsizeswouldindicateasuccessfulsolution.
● Studentalsoaccuratelyandcompletelydefinesanyconstraints.Forexample,unseenconsequencesofinterferinginecosystems,inabilitytomimicnaturalprocesses,limitedamountofresourcesavailable,cost,buy-infromconsumers,etc.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
Rubric2:Studentexplainsthecauseoftheproblem,includingwhetheritisduetoasuddenchangeorgradualchangesthataccumulateovertime.
• DimensionsAssessed:DCI–ESS3.D:GlobalClimateChange,CCC–StabilityandChange
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)Studentinaccuratelyexplainsthecauseoftheproblem.
Studentaccuratelybutpartiallyexplainsthecauseoftheproblem,andmayincludewhetheritisduetoasuddenchangeorgradualchangesthataccumulateovertime.
Studentaccuratelyandcompletelyexplainsthecauseoftheproblem,butdoesnotincludewhetheritisduetoasuddenchangeorgradualchangesthataccumulateovertime.
Studentaccuratelyandcompletelyexplainsthecauseoftheproblem,includingwhetheritisduetoasuddenchangeorgradualchangesthataccumulateovertime.
LookFors:• Studentinaccuratelyexplainsthe
causeofglobalwarming.Forexample,studentstatesitiscausedbyvolcaniceruptions.
• Studentmaydescribeglobalwarmingasanaccumulationofgradualchanges,ormayinaccuratelydescribeasuddenchange,suchasavolcaniceruption.
LookFors:• Studentpartiallyexplainsthecause
ofglobalwarming.Forexample,studentmayreferencehumanactivities,suchastheburningoffossilfuelsORstudentmayreferenceanincreaseincarbondioxideemissions,butstudentdoesnotconnectthetwo.
• Studentmayormaynotaccuratelydescribeglobalwarmingasanaccumulationofgradualchanges.
LookFors:• Studentexplainsthathuman
activities,suchastheburningoffossilfuels,arecausinganincreaseincarbondioxideemissions,whichiscausingariseinglobaltemperatures.
• Studentdoesnotaccuratelydescribethatglobalwarmingiscausedbygradualchanges(suchasincreasedburningoffossilfuels)thataccumulateovertimeratherthanbyasuddenevent.
LookFors:• Studentexplainsthathuman
activities,suchastheburningoffossilfuels,arecausinganincreaseincarbondioxideemissions,whichiscausingariseinglobaltemperatures.
• Studentaccuratelydescribesthatglobalwarmingiscausedbygradualchanges(suchasincreasedburningoffossilfuels)thataccumulateovertimeratherthanbyasuddenevent.
Note:AnadditionalrubricisprovidedintheTask1TeacherVersiontotheSEPassociatedwiththisPE–AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
Rubric3:Studentarguesthatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction,supportingwithevidencefromtheirownandothergroups’projects.
• DimensionsAssessed:SEP–EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence,DCI–LS1.B:GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)Studentaccuratelyarguesthatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction,butevidencefromtheirownorothergroups’projectsismissingorinaccurate.
Studentaccuratelyarguesthatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction,supportingwithgeneralscientificreasoningratherthanevidence.
Studentaccuratelyarguesthatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction,supportingwithonesourceofrelevantevidencefromtheirownorothergroups’projects.
Studentaccuratelyarguesthatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction,supportingwithmultiplesourcesofrelevantevidencefromtheirownandothergroups’projects.
LookFors:● Studentmakestheaccurateclaim
thatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction.
● Noevidencefromanyprojectsisprovided,orstudentusesaninaccuratepieceofevidence.Forexample,studentstatesthatanimalsneedtohavebrightcolorsforpollinationstudentmakestheinaccurateclaimthattherearenospecificplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction.
LookFors:● Studentmakestheaccurateclaim
thatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction.
● Whilenospecificexamplesaregivenasevidence,theydosupporttheirclaimwithgeneralscientificreasoning.Forexample,studentmaygenerallystatethattheseplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorshelpreproductionbyattractingpollinatorsorhelpingwithnewoffspring.
LookFors:● Studentmakestheaccurateclaim
thatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction.
● Studentsupportstheirargumentbydescribingonespecificexample,likelytheirownorganism(e.g.animalsthatnestormigrateandplantsthathavebrightflowersorsexpheromones).SeetheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersionforspecificexamplesoforganismsandtheirbehaviorsorplantstructures.
LookFors:● Studentmakestheaccurateclaim
thatthereareplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproduction.
● Studentsupportstheirargumentbydescribingmultiplespecificexamplesfromothergroups’projects(e.g.animalsthatnestormigrateandplantsthathavebrightflowersorsexpheromones).SeetheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersionforspecificexamplesoforganismsandtheirbehaviorsorplantstructures.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
Rubric4:Studentexplainsthatglobalwarminglikelycausesnegativeeffectsonmanyorganisms,supportingwithevidencefromtheirownandothergroups’projects.
• DimensionsAssessed:DCI–ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarthSystems,CCC–CauseandEffect
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)Studentaccuratelyexplainsthatglobalwarminglikelycausesnegativeeffectsonmanyorganisms,butevidencefromtheirownorothergroups’projectsismissing,inaccurate,orirrelevant.
Studentaccuratelyexplainsthatglobalwarminglikelycausesnegativeeffectsonmanyorganisms,supportingwithgeneralscientificreasoningratherthanevidence.
Studentaccuratelyexplainsthatglobalwarminglikelycausesnegativeeffectsonmanyorganisms,supportingwithonesourceofevidencefromtheirownorothergroups’projects.
Studentaccuratelyexplainsthatglobalwarminglikelycausesnegativeeffectsonmanyorganisms,supportingwithmultiplesourcesofevidencefromtheirownandothergroups’projects.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelyexplainsthat
globalwarmingisthelikelycausebehindthenegativeimpactstheyareseeinginvariousorganismsinthisunit.
● Noevidencefromanyprojectsisprovided,orstudentusesaninaccurateorirrelevantpieceofevidence.Forexample,studentstatesthatoneexampleglobalwarmingaffectingplantsandanimalsishummingbirdsbecomingtoohottofly.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelyexplainsthat
globalwarmingisthelikelycausebehindthenegativeimpactstheyareseeinginvariousorganismsinthisunit.
● Whilenospecificexamplesaregivenasevidence,theydosupporttheirclaimwithgeneralscientificreasoning.Forexample,studentmaygenerallystatethatglobalwarmingisoftencreatingamismatchbetweenthetimingofflowerbloomsandthearrivalofpollinatorsandmigratinganimals.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelyexplainsthat
globalwarmingisthelikelycausebehindthenegativeimpactstheyareseeinginvariousorganismsinthisunit.
● Studentsupportstheirargumentbydescribingonespecificexample,likelytheirownorganism.SeetheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersionforspecificexamplesofhoweachorganismisaffectedbyglobalwarming.
LookFors:● Studentaccuratelyexplainsthat
globalwarmingisthelikelycausebehindthenegativeimpactstheyareseeinginvariousorganismsinthisunit.
● Studentsupportstheirargumentbydescribingmultiplespecificexamplesfromothergroups’projects(forexample,risingtemperaturescauseflowerstobloomearly,sohummingbirdsarrivetoolatetobreedinggroundsforadequatefoodfortheiroffspring).SeetheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersionforspecificexamplesofhoweachorganismisaffectedbyglobalwarming.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 8
Rubric5:Studentdescribestheirsolutiontomonitororandminimizehumanimpactontheirchosenorganism.
• DimensionsAssessed:SEP–DesigningSolutions,DCI–ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarthSystems
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)Studentdescribestheirsolutionthatdoesnotmonitororminimizehumanimpactonanorganism.
Studentdescribestheirsolutiontomonitorandminimizeanirrelevanthumanimpactontheirchosenorganism,whichisnotrelatedtoglobalwarming.
Studentdescribestheirsolutiontomonitorandminimizetherelevanthumanimpactontheirchosenorganism,usingpartialdetail.
Studentdescribestheirsolutiontomonitorandminimizetherelevanthumanimpactontheirchosenorganism,usingsufficientdetail.
LookFors:● Studentdescribesasolutionthat
doesnotmonitororminimizethehumanimpactontheirchosenorganism.Forexample,studentdescribesaplantobuildsmallwoodenhousestoprotecteachFinnishFarmBirdnest.Thiscontributesfurthertodeforestation,whichdoesnotminimizeglobalwarmingoverall.
LookFors:● Studentdescribesasolutionthat
monitorsandminimizesthehumanimpactontheirchosenorganism,butitdoesnotspecificallyrelatetotheproblemofglobalwarming.Forexample,studentdescribesaplantocreateaprotectedwildlifeareaforshorebirdsthatpreventshumanhuntingoftheshorebirds.
LookFors:● Studentpartiallydescribesasolution
thatmonitorsandminimizesthehumanimpactontheirchosenorganism,specificallycausedbyglobalwarming.SeetheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersionformoreexamples.
● Studentislackingsomedetail,sothereissomeambiguityastohowthesolutionwouldworkandhowexactlyitaddressestheproblem.
LookFors:● Studentdescribesasolutionthat
monitorsandminimizesthehumanimpactontheirchosenorganism,specificallycausedbyglobalwarming.Forexample,studentdescribesaspecificplantoirrigatedrierareasfortheMagpieLarktoincreasetheamountofmudavailableduringnestingseason.SeetheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersionformoreexamples.
● Studentprovidessufficientenoughdetailthatthereadercancompletelyunderstandhowthesolutionwouldworkandhowitaddressestheproblem.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld3-DimensionalIndividualProjectRubric
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 9
Rubric6:Studentevaluatesdifferentsolutionsbyidentifyingsolutionsthatbestmeetthecriteriaand/orconstraintsoftheproblemandprovidingrationales.
• DimensionsAssessed:SEP–EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence,DCI–ETS1.B:DevelopingPossibleSolutions
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)Studentevaluatesdifferentsolutionsbyidentifyingirrelevantsolutionsthatdonotmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem.
Studentevaluatesdifferentsolutionsbyidentifyingrelevantsolutionsthatbestmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblem,butrationaleismissing.
Studentevaluatesdifferentsolutionsbyidentifyingrelevantsolutionsthatbestmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblemandprovidingsomerationale.
Studentevaluatesdifferentsolutionsbyidentifyingrelevantsolutionsthatbestmeetthecriteriaandconstraintsoftheproblemandprovidingdetailedrationales.
LookFors:● Studentidentifiesanirrelevant
solutiontheythinkwillmakethemostimpact.Thesolutiontheyidentifywouldnotlogicallybestmeetthecriteriaoftheproblem.
● Studentidentifiesanirrelevantsolutiontheythinkismostfeasible.Thesolutiontheyidentifywouldnotlogicallybestmeettheconstraintsoftheproblem.
LookFors:● Studentidentifiesarelevantsolution
theythinkwillmakethemostimpact(meetscriteria).Norationaleisprovided.
● Studentidentifiesarelevantsolutiontheythinkismostfeasible(meetsconstraints).Norationaleisprovided.
● Identificationofsolutionswillvarydependingonthesolutionsthatgroupscomeupwith.Studentmayalsochooseonesolutiontheyfeelbestmeetsthecriteriaandconstraints.
LookFors:● Studentidentifiesarelevantsolution
theythinkwillmakethemostimpact(meetscriteria).Studentwritesarationalefortheirchoicethatleavessomeambiguityaboutwhythesolutionbestmeetsthecriteria.
● Studentidentifiesarelevantsolutiontheythinkismostfeasible(meetsconstraints).Studentwritesarationalefortheirchoicethatleavessomeambiguityaboutwhythesolutionbestmeetstheconstraints.
● Identificationofsolutionswillvarydependingonthesolutionsthatgroupscomeupwithandthereasoningindividualstudentsuseintheirevaluation.Studentmayalsochooseonesolutiontheyfeelbestmeetsthecriteriaandconstraints.
LookFors:● Studentidentifiesarelevantsolution
theythinkwillmakethemostimpact(meetscriteria).Studentwritesadetailedrationalefortheirchoice.
● Studentidentifiesarelevantsolutiontheythinkismostfeasible(meetsconstraints).Studentwritesadetailedrationalefortheirchoice.
● Identificationofsolutionswillvarydependingonthesolutionsthatgroupscomeupwithandthereasoningindividualstudentsuseintheirevaluation.Studentmayalsochooseonesolutiontheyfeelbestmeetsthecriteriaandconstraints.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
ProjectOrganizer
StudentVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?Youhavebeenaskedtocreateanadvocacyvideothatdescribesthehumanimpactonanorganismandgivesapotentialsolution.Aftereachtask,youwillreturntothetablebelowtoorganizewhatyoulearnasyougothroughtheunit.Bytheendofthethreetasks,youwillhaveallthisinformationtouseforyourculminatingproject.Foreachactivity,besuretoincludeanswerstoALLthequestionsprovided.Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
Basedonyourdiscussioningroupstoday,q Makeahypothesis:Whatdoyouthinkiscausingthebeepopulationtodecrease?q Doyouthinkotherorganismsaroundtheworldmightalsobeaffectedbythesame
cause?How?
Task1:HeatingUp
Youhavebeenprovidedwithalistoforganismsthatareaffectedbyrisingtemperatures.Asagroup,selectanorganismfromthelisttofocusonforyourculminatingprojectandresearchyourorganism.Thenindividually,
r Definetheproblem:Whatishappeningtoglobaltemperatureandwhymightitbeaproblem?
r Identifythecriteriaforasuccessfulsolution:Howwillyouknowifasolutionaddressestheproblem?
r Identifytheconstraintsofsolvingthisproblem:Whatmightmakeithardtosolvethisproblem?
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
ProjectOrganizer
StudentVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
Task2:ItTakesTwo
Consideryourchosenorganismanddoadditionalresearch,asnecessary:r WhatspecializedstructuresORbehaviorsdoesyourorganismhavethathelpitsurvive
andreproduce?Describehowthesecharacteristicsspecificallyhelpwithsurvivaland/orreproduction.
Task3:FeelingtheImpact
Inthistask,youlearnedabouthowhumansareimpactingyourchosenorganismthroughglobalwarmingandarewellonyourwaytocomingupwithasolution!
r Summarizetheideasfromyourposterhere.o Describethefeedbackyoureceivedfrompeersandhowyouplantoreviseit
basedonthatfeedback.r ReturntoyourcriteriaandconstraintsthatyouidentifiedafterTask1.Basedonwhat
youhavelearnedaboutyourorganismsofar,howcanyourevisethemoraddtothem?
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?Introduction
Inthelastunit,studentslearnedabouthowalgaearebeingaffectedbyhuman-causedenvironmentalchanges—excessfertilizerrunoffandchangingweatherconditionsassociatedwithclimatechange.InthisLift-OffTask,studentsareintroducedtoanotherorganismthatisaffectedbyhuman-causedenvironmentalchange—bees.Afterlookingataninfographicshowingbeepopulationdata,studentsbegintogeneratequestionsthatmighthelpthembettermakesenseofwhatishappeningtothebeepopulation.Thesequestionswillguidestudentsthroughouttheunitastheycontinuetomakesenseofthedecliningbeepopulation,itscauseandeffects,andwhatcanbedonetoaddresstheissue.AlignmentTable
CrosscuttingConcept(*dependinguponstudent-generatedquestions)● CauseandEffect
o Phenomenamayhavemorethanonecause,andsomecauseandeffectrelationshipsinsystemscanonlybedescribedusingprobability.
● StabilityandChangeo Stabilitymightbedisturbedeitherbysuddeneventsorgradualchangesthataccumulateovertime.
EquityandGroupwork● Shareandlistentobroadanddiversestudentcontributions.● Makeconnectionsbetweeneachother’sideas.● Worktogethertoco-constructaconceptmap.
Language● Useconnectorwordstolinkideas.● Generateandwritequestionsaboutthephenomenon.● Organizekeyquestionsinaconceptmap.
LearningGoalsThislearningtaskintroducesstudentstothephenomenonofthedecliningbeepopulationsotheycanbegingeneratingquestionstoguidethemthroughtheunit.Morespecifically,thepurposeisto:
● Individuallygeneratealistofquestionsaboutthebeepopulation,usingobservationsfromthedatashownintheinfographic.
● Makeconnectionsbetweenrelatedquestions.● Generatepossibleanswerstoquestionsusingpriorknowledge.● Usepriorknowledgetohypothesizewhatmightbecausingthedecliningbeepopulationandwhether
otherorganismsaroundtheworldmightbeaffectedsimilarly.ContentBackgroundforTeachers Thistaskintroducesstudentstothephenomenonofdecliningbeepopulations.In2015,aUnitedNationsgroupfoundthatpopulationsaredecliningfor37%ofbeespecies,with9%ofbutterflyandbeepopulationsfacingextinction.Themaincausesaretheuseofpesticidesinindustrialagricultureandglobalwarming.Warmingglobaltemperaturesposeathreatintheformofhabitatlossbyaffectingtherangeoftemperaturerequiredforafunctionalhive.Risingtemperaturesarealsocausingfloweringplantstobloomearlierinthespring,thusputting
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
beesoutofsyncwiththefloweringplantstheynormallypollinate.Becausebeesareamajorpollinator,thisposesalargeconcernforallecosystemssincealackofpollinationmayleadtoadrasticdecreaseinplantpopulations.
Inthistask,studentscreateaconceptmap,whichisagraphicaltoolthathelpstoorganizeandrepresentknowledgeandquestions,andisasuccessfulacademiclanguageinstructiontool.Atthispoint,studentswilllikelyaddonlypredictionsaboutcause-and-effectrelationshipsrelatedtothebeepopulation.Asstudentslearnmoreabouttheroleofglobalwarminganditsimpactondifferentorganisms,theywilladdmorecomplexquestionsandideastothisconceptmap.Ifyourstudentshavenothadpreviousexperiencemakingconceptmaps,pleaseseetheinstructionsinPartBbelowforstrategiesonteachingthisskill.
AcademicVocabulary
• Organism• Bee• Population• Decline• Hive• Advocacy• HumanImpact
*Additionalacademicvocabularywillvarybyclass
TimeNeeded(Basedon45-MinutePeriods)2Days
● Introduction,PartAandPartB:1period● ClassConceptMap,ProjectOverview,andProjectOrganizer:1period
Materials
● Unit4,Lift-OffTaskStudentVersionPartB
● Posterpaperandmarkers● Post-Its(Optional)
PartC● ClassPosterPaperandmarkers● *SeeInstructionsbelowforotheroptionalmaterialstousefortheclassconceptmap
ConnectingtotheCulminatingProject● CulminatingProjectHandout● ProjectOrganizerHandout
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
Instructions
1. IntroducestudentstotheunitbyreadingorprojectingtheUnitEssentialQuestionaloud.
2. Organismsaroundtheworldaresufferingfromhuman-causedenvironmentalchanges.Inthistask,studentsareintroducedtooneexample—thechangingbeepopulation.
3. First,havestudentslookattheinfographicintheirStudentGuidessotheycanmakeobservationsabout
thebeepopulationdata.PartA
1. Inthissectionofthetask,studentswillgeneratequestionstohelpthemmakesenseofthephenomenon—thedecliningbeepopulation.Usingtheseself-generatedquestionsthroughouttheunitwillhelpstudentsdevelopabetterunderstandingofthedecliningbeepopulation,includingthecausesandassociatedeffects.
2. Havestudentscompletethissectionindividuallyintheirstudentguide.o Forstudentswhoneedmoresupport,encouragethemtolookbackatthedata,andconsiderany
questionstheyhave.TheymightalsothinkbacktothephenomenonofthealgalbloomsfromUnit3.
o Hereisalistofsomepotentialquestionsstudentsmightgenerate:“Whyisthebeepopulationdeclining?Doesthisdatashowalargedeclineoristhisarelativelysmalldeclineinpopulation?Whyisitbadifbeesaredying?Whydoesthismatter?Whateffectdobeeshaveontheirecosystems?Howisthedeclineofthebeepopulationsimilartoalgalblooms?Howmightotherorganismsbeaffectedbythesamethingthatiskillingoffbees?Issomethingeatingthebees?Whataboutanimalsthateatthebees,aretheydecliningtoo?”
PartB:
1. Inthispartofthetask,studentscreateaconceptmapasagroup.o Remindstudentstorefertothedirectionsontheirstudentguidetohelpthemmaketheir
conceptmap.First,studentsshouldcompareeachmember’slistofquestionsandrecord/connectkeyquestionsonapieceofposterpaper.Theywillthendraftpossibleanswerstothequestions,usingpriorknowledge.
o Remindstudentsthattherearenorightorwrongquestionsorpredictions,sostudentsfeelencouragedtocontributeanyandallquestionsandideastheythinkof.
o Becausethisisacollaborativetask,itisrecommendedthatyouremindstudentsofgroupworknormsandassigngrouproles,suchasResourceManager,Facilitator,Recorder,andHarmonizer(See“HowtoUsethisCurriculum”formoredetails).
2. Studentswillposttheirpostersonawallandthenwalkaroundandlookateachgroup’sideas.One
suggestionforgallerywalksisforstudentstointeractwiththepostersinsomeway.Forexample,studentsarerequiredtoinitialorleavepost-itsonthreequestionsthattheyarealsoexcitedaboutonotherposters.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
HowtoConceptMapForstudentswhohavenothadalotofexperiencemakingconceptmaps,wehavedetailedastrategybelowforintroducingconceptmappingusingmorefamiliarcontent.Anexampleisalsoprovided,butthiswillvarydependingonwhatyourstudentscomeupwithasyoumakeyourownmodel.
1. Writethephenomenoninthemiddleoftheposter,inthiscase“Humansbreatheharderwhentheyexercise.”
2. Askstudentstoshare
questionstheymightasktomakesenseofthisphenomenonandmakealistofthesequestionsontheboard.
3. Modeltheprocessofreviewingthelistandfindingsimilaritiesamongstthequestions.
o Placethesekeyquestionsontheconceptmapposter,modelinghowtoputsimilarquestionsneareachotherontheposter.Circlethesetosignifythatthesearequestions,notcontentknowledge.
4. Askstudentstolookatthekeyquestionsandseeifanyofthequestionsareconnected:Wouldanswering
onequestionleadtooneoftheotherquestions?Modelmakingtheseconnectionsbydrawingarrowsbetweenthecircles.
5. InthisLift-Offtask,studentswillonlybedraftingpossibleanswerstothequestions,notactually
gatheringandrecordinglearnedconcepts.However,throughouttheunit,theywillbeaddingcontenttheyhavelearned.Modelthisbyrecordingastudent’spriorknowledgetooneofthequestions,usingboxestosignifythatthesearepiecesofcontentknowledgeratherthanquestions.
o Useconnectorwordstoidentifytherelationshipsbetweenthecontentboxes(Seeimageaboveforanexample).
6. Optional:Toemphasizecrosscuttingconceptsusingaconceptmap,makeakeyofdifferentcolorsforthe
crosscuttingconceptsemphasizedinthisunit.Identifyquestionsthatclearlyshowevidenceofthedifferentcrosscuttingconceptsandcirclethemwiththecorrespondingcolors.Explaintostudentshowyoumadethatchoicebypointingoutthelanguagethathintsatthatcrosscuttingconcept.*Note:notallboxesandcircleswillnecessarilyhaveacrosscuttingconcept.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
PartC1. Constructawhole-classconceptmapthatbeginstohelpstudentsmakesenseofthephenomenonofthe
declineofthebeepopulation.o Startwiththephenomenoninthemiddle.o Thenaskstudentstoshareoutthequestionsthatweremostcommonacrossallthepostersinthe
classroom.Asyourecordquestionsontheposter,organizethembasedonconnectionsyousee.Drawcirclesaroundeachquestion(asyouaddtotheconceptmapthroughouttheunit,you’llalsobeaddingconceptslearned,whichcanbewritteninboxestodistinguishthemfromthequestions).
o Askstudentstoidentifyanyconnectionstheyseebetweenthequestionsandrecordtheseaslinesbetweenthequestions.
o Recommended:Givepairsofstudentsthinktimetocomeupwith1-2connectionstoaddtotheclassconceptmapandcallonpairsusingequitysticks.Thisencouragesmoreequitableparticipationinthisclass-wideactivity.
o Thepurposeofthisconceptmapistofacilitategenerationofstudentquestions,promotelanguagedevelopment,andsupportunderstandingofthesciencecontentthroughouttheunit.Allowingstudentstoasktheirownquestionsandusetheirownwordstomakemeaningoftheconceptswillnotonlyhelpthemmakedeepconnectionsaboutsciencecontentbutwillalsohelptheiroralandwrittenlanguagedevelopment.
o Thiswholeclassconceptmapwillberevisitedattheendofeachtask,askingstudentsquestionslike:Arethereanynewquestionsyouhaveaboutthephenomenon?Arethereanyconnectionsyouwanttoaddorchange?Whatisyourreasonforthataddition/revision?Aretheremoreconnectionswecanmakebetweenthequestions/ideasalreadyonthemap?Doyouwanttoaddanynewideas/conceptstothemap?
2. Becausethisconceptmapwillbeaddedtoandrevisedthroughouttheunit,herearesomepractical
optionsforimplementation.o Ifyouhaveaccesstowhiteboardpaper,weencourageyoutousetheseforclassposterssinceit
willallowyouandyourstudentstomakerevisionsthroughouttheunit.o Anotheroptionistousesmallerpiecesofpaperforeachclassandprojectusingadocument
camera;thiswillsavespaceasopposedtodoinglargeclassposters.o Wehighlyrecommendstudentskeeptheirownversionofthisconceptmapintheirnotebooks,
addingquestionsandconceptsastheygothroughtheunit.
3. Oncethedraftconceptmapiscomplete,introducestudentstothecrosscuttingconceptsforthisunit.Werecommendpostingpostersofeachcrosscuttingconceptinyourclassroom(Seebeginningofteacherguidefortemplates).
o ThecrosscuttingconceptsforthisunitareCauseandEffectandStabilityandChange.Assignacolorforeachcrosscuttingconceptthatcanbeusedthroughouttheunit.
o Havestudentsanalyzetheclassconceptmapforasmanyexamplesofthecrosscuttingconceptsastheycanfind.Dependingonthequestionstheyhave,theymaybeabletofindanexampleofeachofthecrosscuttingconceptsorperhapsjustone.
o Werecommendmodelingthisprocessbypickingaquestion,identifyingthecrosscuttingconcept,andtracingthecircleinthecorrespondingcolor.Explainthekeywordsthathelpedyouidentify
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Lift-OffTask:BadNewsforBees
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
thecrosscuttingconceptinthisquestion.Someidentifyingwordsthatstudentsmightlookforare:
o CauseandEffect:Thesecouldbephrasessuchas,“thatresultsin,”“thatcauses,”“thatexplainswhy,”“isdueto,”etc.
o StabilityandChange:Thesecouldbephrasessuchas,“remainsthesame”,“ischangedby”,“isdisruptedby”,“changes”,“disrupts,”etc.
ConnectingtotheCulminatingProject
1. HandouttheCulminatingProjectTaskCardandreadtheChallengeandGroupProjectCriteriaforSuccessaloudasaclass.
o Takequestionsforclarification.
2. PassouttheirProjectOrganizerandexplainthattheywillcompleteasectionofthisaftereachtaskinclass.StudentsshouldindependentlycompletetheLift-OffTasksectionoftheProjectOrganizerinclass.Revisionscanbedoneforhomework,dependinguponstudent’sneedsand/orclassscheduling.
o Studentshavebeenaskedtocreateanadvocacyvideothatdescribesthehumanimpactonanorganismandgivesapotentialsolution.Thestudentpromptisasfollows:Basedonyourdiscussioningroupstoday,ü Makeahypothesis:Whatdoyouthinkiscausingthebeepopulationtodecrease?ü Doyouthinkotherorganismsaroundtheworldmightalsobeaffectedbythesamecause?
How?Reflection
1. Attheendofthetask,askstudentstoreflectonwhattheyhavelearnedoverthecourseofthistaskbyansweringthefollowingthreequestionsintheirstudentguide:
o Atthebeginningofthistask,youmadealistofallthequestionsyouhaveaboutthedecliningbeepopulation.Lookbackatyourlist:thinkaboutthequestionsyourpeersaskedthatyoudidnotinitiallywritedown.Howaretheirquestionsdifferentfromtheonesyouoriginallyasked?
o Inthisunit,wewillbefocusingontwocrosscuttingconcepts:CauseandEffect:Phenomenamayhavemorethanonecause,andsometimesrelationshipscanonlybedescribedusingprobability;StabilityandChange:Stabilitymightbedisturbedbysuddeneventsortheaccumulationofgradualchanges.Lookingatyourclassconceptmap,giveoneexampleofhowoneofthesecrosscuttingconceptscameupintoday’stask.
o Nowthatyouunderstandwhatprojectyou’llbeworkingonoverthecourseofthisunit,whatelsedoyouneedtoknow?Whatadditionalquestionsdoyouhave?
2. Therearenorightanswersbutencouragestudentstolookbackattheirinitiallistsandtheirclassconcept
map.Theyshouldnotchangetheirinitialresponses,butratherusethisreflectionspacetoaddtotheirquestionsandideasbasedonwhattheyhavelearnedthroughthistask.Bygeneratingmoreoftheirownquestions,studentscontinuetoengageinsense-makingofthephenomenonandthegatheringofknowledgeandskillsfortheirfinalproject.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?IntroductionIntheLift-Offtask,studentslearnedthatthebeepopulationisdeclining.Inthelastunit,studentsalsolearned
thatalgalbloomshavebeenontheriseinrecentyears.Whiletheeffectsaredifferent,thesamerootcauseisat
playinbothcases.Inthistask,studentsexploretheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury,including
whytheyareontheriseandpredictinghowthisaffectsEarth.Byintroducingonepieceofdataatatime,students
haveanopportunitytoprocesstheevidenceanduseittogeneratetheirownquestionsthatdrivefurther
learning.Bytheendofthistask,studentswillbeabletoexplainglobalwarmingandusethisnewknowledgeto
definetheproblemfacingtheirchosenorganismfortheirculminatingproject.
AlignmentTable
PerformanceExpectations ScienceandEngineeringPractices
DisciplinaryCoreIdeas CrosscuttingConcepts
MS-ESS3-5.Askquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.[ClarificationStatement:
Examplesoffactorsinclude
humanactivities(suchas
fossilfuelcombustion,
cementproduction,and
agriculturalactivity)and
naturalprocesses(suchas
changesinincomingsolar
radiationorvolcanicactivity).
Examplesofevidencecan
includetables,graphs,and
mapsofglobalandregional
temperatures,atmospheric
levelsofgasessuchascarbon
dioxideandmethane,and
theratesofhumanactivities.
Emphasisisonthemajorrole
thathumanactivitiesplayin
causingtheriseinglobal
temperatures.]
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems● Askquestionsto
identifyandclarify
evidenceofan
argument.
ESS3.D:GlobalClimateChangeHumanactivities,such
asthereleaseof
greenhousegasesfrom
burningfossilfuels,are
majorfactorsinthe
currentriseinEarth’s
meansurface
temperature(global
warming).Reducingthe
levelofclimatechange
andreducinghuman
vulnerabilityto
whateverclimate
changesdooccur
dependonthe
understandingof
climatescience,
engineeringcapabilities,
andotherkindsof
knowledge,suchas
understandingofhuman
behaviorandon
applyingthatknowledge
wiselyindecisionsand
activities.
StabilityandChange● Stabilitymightbe
disturbedeitherby
suddeneventsor
gradualchanges
thataccumulate
overtime.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
LearningGoalsThislearningtaskasksstudentstoaskquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtherisein
globaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.Morespecifically,thepurposeisto:
• Engagepriorknowledgeofglobalwarminginordertomakepredictions.
• Exploredatarelatedtoglobalwarmingandgeneratequestionstoguidefurtherinquiry.
• Explainthecauseandeffectrelationshipstodescribeglobalwarming.
• EmphasizethecrosscuttingconceptofStabilityandChangeinanalysisofcarbonemissionsdata.
• Applyknowledgeofglobalwarmingtodefinetheproblemaspecificorganismisfacing.
MS-ETS1-1.Definethecriteriaandconstraintsofadesignproblemwithsufficientprecisiontoensureasuccessfulsolution,takingintoaccountrelevantscientificprinciplesandpotentialimpactsonpeopleandthenaturalenvironmentthatmaylimitpossiblesolutions.
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems● Defineadesign
problemthatcanbe
solvedthroughthe
developmentofan
object,tool,process
orsystemand
includesmultiple
criteriaand
constraints,including
scientificknowledge
thatmaylimit
possiblesolutions.
ETS1.A:DefiningandDelimitingEngineeringProblems● Themorepreciselya
designtask’scriteria
andconstraintscan
bedefined,themore
likelyitisthatthe
designedsolution
willbesuccessful.
Specificationof
constraintsincludes
considerationof
scientificprinciples
andotherrelevant
knowledgethatare
likelytolimit
possiblesolutions.
NoCCClisted
SupplementaryScienceandEngineeringPractices• AnalyzingandInterpretingData
o Analyzeandinterpretdatatoprovideevidenceforphenomena.
SupplementaryCrosscuttingConcepts• Patterns
o Patternscanbeusedtoidentifycauseandeffectrelationships.
EquityandGroupwork• Participateingrouprolestoanalyzeevidenceandgeneratequestionsrelatedtoglobaltemperature
change.
• Shareideaswithapartner.
• Cometoconsensusonselectinganorganismforyourculminatingproject.
Language• Usemathematicallanguageinwrittenanalysisofgraphs.
• Representcauseandeffectrelationshipsinaflowchart.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
ContentBackgroundforTeachers Inthistask,studentsexploretheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury,alsoknownasglobal
warming.Thoughthiswarmingtrendhasbeenoccurringforalongtime,itspacehassignificantlyincreasedinthe
lastcenturyduetohumanactivities—mainlytheburningoffossilfuels.Fossilfuelsincludecoal,oil,andnatural
gas,whichareburnedforvariousindustrialandresidentialpurposes,suchasheatingandcooking.Becausethe
humanpopulationhasalsodrasticallyincreased,thishasfurtherincreasedtheburningoffossilfuels.
Burningfossilfuelscreates“GreenhouseGases”inouratmosphere,whichcauseswhatisknownasthe
“GreenhouseEffect”.TheGreenhouseEffectiswhenthesun’slightisabsorbedbytheEarthandradiatedbackout
towardstheatmosphereasthermalenergy.TheGreenhouseGases(ie.carbondioxideandmethanefromburning
fossilfuels)thentraptheheatintheatmosphere,causinganincreaseintheaverageglobaltemperature.
Globalwarmingcausesanotherissue,knownasclimatechange,whichreferstothechangesinweather
patternscausedbyglobalwarming(forexample,extremestorms,flooding,etc.).Whilethesetermsareoften
usedinterchangeably,theyareactuallydifferentphenomena.Inthistask,studentswillbefocusedonglobal
warming.
YoucanfindallrelevantdatarelatedtoglobalwarmingintheExploreStationCards,includinggraphsandavideoofacarbondioxideandtemperatureexperiment.
AcademicVocabulary
• GlobalTemperature
• CarbonDioxide
• CarbonEmissions
• FossilFuels
• VolcanicEruptions
• Problem
• Criteria
• Constraints
TimeNeeded(Basedon45-MinutePeriods)4Days
• Engage:0.5period
• Explore:1.5periods
• Explain:0.5period
• Elaborate:0.5period
• EvaluateandReflection:1period
Materials
• Unit4,Task1StudentVersion
Engage
• ProjectorandSpeakers
Explore(Pergroup)
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
• EvidenceCards#1-5
• ComputerorTablet(forvideo)
Evaluate
• ProjectOrganizerHandout
• CulminatingProjectDocument(forlistoforganismoptions)
• ComputersorTabletsforResearch
InstructionsEngage
1. IntroduceTask1:IntheLift-Offtask,yousawthatthebeepopulationisdeclining.Thinkaboutwhatyou
werestillwonderingaboutattheendofthelasttask(lookbackifyouneedto).Whatquestionsdoyou
stillhave?
o Beforeyoupassouttheirstudentguide,givestudentstimetoreflectindividuallyorwitha
partneraboutthequestionstheyrecordedattheendofthelasttask.Shareafewoftheseoutas
aclass,usingfacilitatingquestionstoguidestudentstowardquestionsthatrelatetothistask.
2. TransitiontoTask1:Inthelastunit,youlearnedthatalgalbloomshavebeenontheriseinrecentyears.
Butwhyarethesethingshappening?Whyareweseeingchangesliketheseinmanydifferentorganisms
aroundtheworld?Toanswerthesequestions,wefirstneedtoinvestigatehowenvironmentsare
changingaroundtheworldandwhy.
o NowpassouttheirTask1studentguide.
3. Showthefirstminuteofthefollowingvideotointroducestudentstoglobaltemperaturerise:
https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/42/video-temperature-puzzle/.
o Optional-Formorerecentnewscoverageonglobalwarming,showthefirst30secondsofeither
ofthefollowingclips:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvaCM1TNBBkor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-IgOWwzIL4
4. Thenhavestudentsindividuallymakehypothesestothefollowingquestions:Whatdoyouthinkiscausing
theserisingtemperatures?Whydoyouthinkrisingtemperaturesmightaffectorganisms?
o Studentswillbeexploringthefirstquestionthroughoutthistask.Thesecondquestionwillremain
ahypothesisthroughoutthistask,butstudentswillgetmoreinformationonimpacttoorganisms
throughtheirownprojectresearchandinTask3.Therefore,itisnotessentialthatstudents
generateoraregivenadefinitiveanswerforthesecondquestionduringthistask.Weincludethis
questionheretohelpstudentsunderstandthestorylineoftheoverallunit.
o Becausethesearehypotheses,anyresponsesarevalid.
5. Oncestudentshavetheirhypotheses,theyrecordanyquestionstheywouldwanttoaskinordertofind
outmoreaboutrisingglobaltemperatures.ThisbeginstheirpracticeofAskingQuestions,whichistheSEPfocusedoninthistask.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
6. Wehighlyrecommendstudentsshareboththeirhypothesesandquestionsinpairs.Itisalsohelpfulto
sharesomeoftheseoutinaclass-widediscussionsobothyouandyourstudentscangetanideaofwhere
students’thinkingis.
o Weencourageusingequitystickstofostermoreequitableparticipationinclass-widediscussions
likethese(See“HowToUseThisCurriculum”formoredetails).
Explore
1. Nowthatstudentshavemadehypotheses,theyarereadytogatherevidencetoseewhetherglobal
temperaturesareactuallyrising,andifso,why.
o InalignmentwiththeSEPforthistask,AskingQuestions,studentswillbegivenonepieceofevidenceatatime,sothattheymaygeneratetheirownquestionstofurthertheirlearning.
o Asstudentsanalyzeeachpieceofevidence,theyarealsoengaginginthesupplementarySEPof
AnalyzingandInterpretingDatatoprovideevidenceofthephenomenonofglobalwarming.
2. Assignrolestoeachgroup.Youmayusewhateverrolesyouprefer.Werecommendtheuseofthe
Facilitator,MaterialsManager,Harmonizer,andRecorder.
o AsktheFacilitatortoreadthedirectionsandtomakesureeveryoneunderstandsthetask.
o AsktheMaterialsManagertogatherandreadthematerialsneededtocompletethetask.
o AsktheHarmonizertomakesurethateveryonecontributestheirideasandthateveryone’svoice
isheard.
o AsktheRecordertomakesurethegroupisrecordingtheiranalysisandquestionsintheirStudent
Guide.
3. Distributeonepieceofevidencetoeachgroupatatime,insequentialorder.Theyareplacedina
particularordertoencouragestudentstoaskcertainquestionsthatmightguidethemtowardsthenext
pieceofevidence.Asampleevidencechartisprovidedbelow:
Evidence Whatdoestheevidencetellyou? Whatadditionalquestionsdoyouhave?Graph:
Global
Temperature
Change
Itshowsmethatglobaltemperaturechangeiscausedbybothnaturalandhumancauses,
notjustnaturalcauses.
Whatcountsasanaturalcause?Whatcountsasahumancause?
Graph:
Temperature
andCarbon
Dioxide
Thisgraphshowsmethattemperatureandcarbondioxidearerelated.Whencarbon
dioxidegoesup,sodoestemperature.Italsoshowsmethattherehasbeenalotmorecarbondioxideandasharperincreasein
temperaturerecently.
Whyarecarbondioxideandtemperaturerelated?Whatisactuallymakingcarbon
dioxideincreasesomuchrecently?
Experiment:
Temperature
andCarbon
Dioxide
Methaneandcarbondioxidearebothcausesoftemperatureincreasesingreenhouses.Thismeansthattheyarealsocausesof
globalwarming.
Whatcausesmoremethaneandcarbondioxideintheatmosphere?Doesmethaneorcarbondioxidecontributemoretoglobalwarming?
Graph:
Carbon
Itshowsmethatcarbondioxidecausedbytheburningoffossilfuelshasincreasedalot
Whendohumansusefossilfuels?Doesallcarbondioxidecomefromfossilfuelsorother
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
EmissionsFrom
FossilFuels
inthelast70years.Fossilfuelsarefuelsmadefromnaturalresourceslikecoal,
naturalgas,andoil.
places?
Graph:
Carbon
EmissionsFrom
Volcanic
Eruptions
Itshowsthatcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmospheredon’tactuallychangemuchwhendifferentvolcaniceruptionshappen.
Theyhavebeenincreasingsteadilyregardlessofafewdifferenteruptions.
Whatelsecouldcarbondioxidecomefrombesidesfossilfuelsandvolcaniceruptions?Butwhatifit’slikeaREALLYbigvolcano,likemass
extinctionbig?
Note:Studentmayhavenoadditional
questionsforthisgraph.
o Optional:Doaquickcheckofstudents’evidencechartsandaskafewfacilitatingquestionsasa
checkforunderstandingbeforedistributingthenextevidencecardtoagroup.
o Note:ThelastcolumnofthisevidencechartcanbeusedtosummativelyassesstheSEPofAsking
Questions.SeetheendofthisTeacherGuideforarubric.
Explain1. Nowthatstudentshaveseenalltheevidence,theycanreturntotheoriginalquestionsfromtheEngage:
Whatdotheythinkiscausingtheserisingtemperatures?Whydotheythinkrisingtemperaturesmight
affectorganisms?Toillustratetheiranswerstothesequestions,theyindividuallyfilloutacauseand
effectflowchart,usingasmanyorasfewoftheboxestheywouldliketo.
o ThisactivityemphasizesthesupplementaryCCCofPatterns,asstudentsusethepatternsfrom
theExploredatatoidentifycauseandeffectrelationshipsintheirflowchart.o AsstatedintheEngage,thesecondquestion(Whydotheythinkrisingtemperaturesmightaffect
organisms?),andthusthelastfewboxesoftheirflowchartwillstillbehypothesesatthistime.
Studentswilllearnmoreaboutimpactstoorganismsintheirownprojectresearchandwithin
Task3.Werecommendyoumakethisexplicittostudents.
2. PossibleStudentSample:
3. Oncestudentscompletetheirflowchart,havethemannotatethearrowsoftheircause-and-effect
flowchartwiththesourceofevidencethatledthemtomaketheconnection.
o Becausethelastfewboxeswillstilljustbehypothesesbasedonpriorknowledge,encourage
studentstothinkaboutwhatinformationtheywillstillneedtoconfidentlyfilloutthisflowchart.
ThiscontinuesthesamekindofthinkingassociatedwiththeSEPofAskingQuestions.
HumansBurningFossil
Fuels
IncreasedCarbon
DioxideandMethanein
theAtmosphere
RisingGlobalTemperatures
ChangestoEnvironments
AffectsOrganisms'Traits,
Behavior,andPopulamon
Size(ex:dyingbees!)
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
4. Thecompletedflowchartisagoodoptionforformativeassessment.Collectstudentworktoidentify
trendsinstudents’abilitytoaccuratelydescribeglobalwarming.See“HowtoUseThisCurriculum”for
strategiesonutilizingformativeassessmentdatatoprovidefeedbacktostudentsandinformclassroom
instruction.
Elaborate
1. ToemphasizetheCCCforthistask,StabilityandChange,studentswillreturntotwopiecesofevidencefromtheExplore—bothgraphsaboutthecausesofcarbondioxideemissions.
2. Inpartners,studentsdiscussthefollowingquestions:
o 1)Whichonerepresentsasuddenchange?Whichonerepresentsgradualchangesthathave
accumulatedovertime?Explainhowyouknow.
i. ThisquestionexplicitlyaddressesStabilityandChangeasstudentsconsiderhowstabilitycanbedisturbedeitherbysuddenevents(volcaniceruptions)orgradualchangesthat
accumulateovertime(burningoffossilfuels).
o 2)Whichcauseseemstohavemoreofanimpactovertime?
i. Thissecondquestionaimstoemphasizethatitisthegradualaccumulationofcarbon
dioxideassociatedwithburningfossilfuelsthathasthemosteffect.Thus,humanimpact,
notnaturalcauses,istoblameforglobalwarming.
3. Thissectioncanalsoserveasagoodoptionforformativeassessment.Collectstudentworktoidentify
trendsinstudents’abilitytoaccuratelydescribethemaincauseofglobalwarming,usingtheconceptof
StabilityandChange.See“HowtoUseThisCurriculum”forstrategiesonutilizingformativeassessment
datatoprovidefeedbacktostudentsandinformclassroominstruction.
o Youmayalsowanttoshareoutafewstudentresponsesinaclass-widediscussiontogetasense
ofstudents’understandingatthispointinthetask.
4. Returntothewhole-classconceptmapfromtheLift-OffTask.
o Insmallgroups,havestudentsbrainstormnewconceptsandnewconnectionsthattheyhave
learnedinthistask,aswellasanynewquestionsthathavecomeupforthem.Thenhavegroups
sharethesealoudinaclass-widediscussionandaddtotheclassconceptmap.Theuseofequity
sticksisencouragedformoreequitableparticipationinclass-widediscussions(See“HowToUse
ThisCurriculum”formoredetails).
o Somefacilitatingquestionstoaskstudentsare:Whatnewideas/conceptsdoyouwantto
addtothemap?Whatconnectionsdoyouwanttoaddorchange?Whatisyourreason
forthataddition/revision?Whatconnectionscanwemakebetweenthequestions/ideas
alreadyonthemap?Whatnewquestionsdoyouhaveaboutthephenomenon?
o Drawcirclesaroundeachquestionandboxesaroundeachconcept.
o Writeconnectorwordstodescribeconnectionsbetweentheconceptboxes.
o Forthistask,studentsmaybegintoconnectsomeoftheirpreviousquestioncirclesto
conceptboxesaboutthefollowing:risingglobaltemperatures,thecauseoftheserising
temperatures,andpotentialimpactstoorganisms.
o Havestudentsanalyzetheadditionstotheclassconceptmapforasmanyexamplesofthistask’s
crosscuttingconceptastheycanfind.Onceastudenthasidentifiedthecrosscuttingconcept,you
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 8
cantracethecircleinthecorrespondingcolor(decidedonintheLift-Offtask).Werecommend
askingstudentstosharekeywordsthathelpedthemidentifythecrosscuttingconceptforthat
conceptorquestion.Someidentifyingwordsstudentsmightlookforare:
o StabilityandChange:Thesecouldbephrasessuchas,“remainsthesame”,“ischanged
by”,“isdisruptedby”,“changes”,“disrupts,”etc.
o Onceagain,thepurposeofthisconceptmapistofacilitategenerationofstudentquestions,
promotelanguagedevelopment,andsupportunderstandingofthesciencecontentthroughout
theunit.Allowingstudentstoasktheirownquestionsandusetheirownwordstomakemeaning
oftheconceptswillnotonlyhelpthemmakedeepconnectionsaboutsciencecontent,butwill
alsohelptheiroralandwrittenlanguagedevelopment.
Evaluate:ConnectingtotheCulminatingProject
1. StudentsindependentlycompletetheTask1sectionoftheUnit4ProjectOrganizerinclass.Revisionscan
bedoneforhomework,dependinguponstudent’sneedsand/orclassscheduling.
2. Youhavebeenaskedtocreateanadvocacyvideothatdescribesthehumanimpactonanorganismand
givesapotentialsolution.Theirpromptisasfollows:Youhavebeenprovidedwithalistoforganismsthat
areaffectedbyrisingtemperatures.Asagroup,selectanorganismfromthelisttofocusonforyour
culminatingprojectandresearchyourorganism.Thenindividually,
ü Definetheproblem:Whatishappeningtoglobaltemperatureandwhymightitbeaproblem?
ü Identifythecriteriaforasuccessfulsolution:Howwillyouknowifasolutionaddressestheproblem?
ü Identifytheconstraintsofsolvingthisproblem:Whatmightmakeithardtosolvethisproblem?
3. Basedonpriorknowledgeandresearch,studentsshouldbeabletodescribethatglobalwarmingchanges
environmentsinawaythatmightaffectorganisms(theirtraits,behavior,populationsize,etc.).One
essentialcriterionforsuccessisfortheirsolutiontoensurethatnofurtherharmimpactstheirchosen
organism.Constraintsmightinclude:time,money,resources,buy-infromcommunities,natural
constraints,etc.
o ThisEvaluateemphasizesthePE,MS-ETS1-1,asstudentsdefinecriteriaandconstraints.
Reflection
1. Attheendofthetask,askstudentstoreflectonwhattheyhavelearnedoverthecourseofthistaskby
answeringthefollowingthreequestionsintheirstudentguide:
o Atthebeginningofthistask,youwereaskedtohypothesizewhytemperaturesarerising.Lookat
yourhypothesesintheEngageandyourflowchartintheExplain.Howhasyourunderstandingchangedoverthecourseofthetask?
o Inthistask,wefocusedonthecrosscuttingconceptofStabilityandChange:Stabilitymightbe
disturbedbysuddeneventsortheaccumulationofgradualchanges.Wheredidyouseeexamples
ofStabilityandChangeinthistask?o Nowthatyouhavelearnedmoreabouttheriseofglobaltemperaturesanditscause,what
questionsdoyoustillhave?
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 9
2. Therearenorightanswers,butencouragestudentstolookbackattheirstudentguidesandtheirclass
conceptmap.Theyshouldnotchangetheirinitialresponses,butratherusethisreflectionspacetoaddto
theirideasandquestionsbasedonwhattheyhavelearnedthroughthistask.Bygeneratingmoreoftheir
ownquestions,studentscontinuetoengageinsense-makingofthephenomenonandgathering
knowledgeandskillsfortheirfinalprojects.
Assessment
1. Collectstudents’Task1StudentVersionsandassesstheExploreusingthe3-DimensionalTask1Rubric
below.TomaintaintheauthenticityoftheCulminatingProject,theSEPofAskingQuestionswillbe
assessedthroughthistaskratherthanwithintheCulminatingProject.TheotherdimensionsofMS-ESS3-5
willbeassessedwithintheCulminatingProject.
2. Youmaycollectstudents’ProjectOrganizerandassessusing:
o Criteriaofyourchoice.Werecommendusingthe3-DimensionalAssessmentmatrixatthe
beginningofthisdocumenttoinformyourcriteria.
o Thiscanbeaformativetooltoperiodicallylookfortrendsinstudentunderstandingafterthe
completionofatask.Youcanthenusethisformativedatatoinformanyre-teachingasnecessary.
3. Youmayalsogivestudentstimetomakerevisionswithoneofthetwooptions:
o StudentsmaymakechangestotheirProjectOrganizeraccordingtoyourcommentsOR
o AskstudentstoexchangeProjectOrganizerswithapartnerandgivepartners5minutestogive
writtenfeedback.Thenallowstudentstimetomakechangestotheirworkaccordingtothe
feedback.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task1:HeatingUp
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
Task1Rubric:Studentasksquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.• DimensionsAssessed:SEP–AskingQuestions,DCI–ESS3-D:GlobalClimateChange
Emerging(1) Developing(2) Proficient(3) Advanced(4)
Studentasksirrelevantquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.
Studentaskssomerelevantquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.
Studentasksmostlyrelevantquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.
Studentasksallrelevantquestionstoclarifyevidenceofthefactorsthathavecausedtheriseinglobaltemperaturesoverthepastcentury.
LookFors:● Forallpiecesofevidence(#1-4),
studentasksquestionsthatareirrelevanttothepieceofevidencetheycorrespondwithand/orthatdon’tdrivefurtherinquiryintothecauseofrisingglobaltemperatures.
LookFors:● Foratleastoneoutoffourpieces
ofevidence,studentasksquestionsthatarerelevanttothepieceofevidencetheycorrespondwithandthatalsodrivefurtherinquiryintothecauseofrisingglobaltemperatures.
● SeelastcolumnofstudentsampleinExploreforexamplesofrelevantquestions.
LookFors:● Forthreeoutoffourpiecesof
evidence,studentasksquestionsthatarerelevanttothepieceofevidencetheycorrespondwithandthatalsodrivefurtherinquiryintothecauseofrisingglobaltemperatures.
● SeelastcolumnofstudentsampleinExploreforexamplesofrelevantquestions.
LookFors:● Foreachpieceofevidence(#1-4),
studentasksquestionsthatareallrelevanttothepieceofevidencetheycorrespondwithandthatalsodrivefurtherinquiryintothecauseofrisingglobaltemperatures.
● SeelastcolumnofstudentsampleinExploreforexamplesofrelevantquestions.
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Unit4,Task1
Graph:GlobalTemperatureChangeEvidence1
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-9-2-figure-1.html
_____________________________________________________________________
Graph:TemperatureandCarbonDioxideEvidence2
Expectedtemperaturechangeifonlynaturalcauses Expectedtemperaturechangeifbothnaturalandhumancauses Actualtemperaturechange
http://www.stormlake.org/542/Carbon-Sinks-and-Cycles
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Unit4,Task1
Experiment:TemperatureandCarbonDioxideEvidence3
Watchthefollowingmythbustersvideotoseetheexperiment:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPRd5GT0v0I
_____________________________________________________________________
Graph:CarbonEmissionsFromFossilFuelsEvidence4
”CarbonEmissions”refertothecarbondioxidereleasedintotheatmosphere
“FossilFuels”arefuelsmadefromanaturalresourcelikecoal,oil,andnaturalgas
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Unit4,Task1
Graph:CarbonEmissionsFromVolcanicEruptionsEvidence5
*”CarbonEmissions”refertothecarbondioxidereleasedintotheatmosphere
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?IntroductionInthelasttask,studentssawevidencethatglobaltemperatureshavebeenrisinginthepastcenturyduetohumanactivity,liketheburningoffossilfuels.TheyalsomadehypothesesabouthowtheserisingtemperaturesmightaffectEarth’senvironmentsandvariousorganisms.BeforestudentscanexplorewhatrisingtemperaturesmeansforEarthanditsorganisms,theyneedtounderstandwhatfactorsinfluencesurvivalandreproductionoforganismsinthefirstplace.Inthistask,studentswilllearnaboutthedifferentanimalbehaviorsandplantstructuresthathelporganismstosuccessfullysurviveandreproduce.Indoingso,theywilllearnthatthesecharacteristicsareofteninterrelatedandthusorganisms,likebeesandfloweringplants,relyoneachother.Thissetsthestageforthenexttaskwherestudentslearnhowthesecharacteristicsarenegativelyimpactedbyglobalwarming.Bytheendofthistask,studentswillbeabletodescribethespecializedplantstructuresoranimalbehaviorsthathelptheirspecificorganismsurviveandreproduce.AlignmentTable
PerformanceExpectations ScienceandEngineeringPractices
DisciplinaryCoreIdeas CrosscuttingConcepts
MS-LS1-4.Useargumentbasedonempiricalevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportanexplanationforhowcharacteristicanimalbehaviorsandspecializedplantstructuresaffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproductionofanimalsandplantsrespectively.[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofanimalreproductioncouldincludenestbuildingtoprotectyoungfromcold,herdingofanimalstoprotectyoungfrompredators,andvocalizationofanimalsandcolorfulplumagetoattractmatesforbreeding.Examplesofanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofplantreproductioncouldincludetransferringpollenorseeds,andcreatingconditionsforseedgerminationandgrowth.Examplesofplant
EngaginginArgumentFromEvidence● Useanoraland
writtenargumentsupportedbyempiricalevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportorrefuteanexplanationoramodelforaphenomenonorasolutiontoaproblem.
LS1.B:GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms● Animalsengagein
characteristicbehaviorsthatincreasetheoddsofreproduction.
● Plantsreproduceinavarietyofways,sometimesdependingonanimalbehaviorandspecializedfeaturesforreproduction.
CauseandEffect● Phenomenamay
havemorethanonecause,andsomecauseandeffectrelationshipsinsystemscanonlybedescribedusingprobability.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
LearningGoalsThislearningtaskasksstudentstowriteanargumentsupportingtheexplanationthatcharacteristicplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsaffecttheirprobabilityofsurvivalandreproduction.Morespecifically,thepurposeisto:
• Engagepriorknowledgeofpollinationtotrytoexplainhowfloweringplantsandbeesrelyononeanother.
• Exploreexamplesofanimalbehaviorsandplantstructuresthataffectreproduction.• Writeanargumentexplaininghowfloweringplantsandbeesrelyononeanother,usingevidencefrom
researchstations.• Predictwhatwouldhappentoplantsifthebeepopulationcontinuestodecline.• Applytaskknowledgeandconductresearchasnecessarytodescribethespecificcharacteristicsthathelp
theirchosenorganismsurviveand/orreproduce.ContentBackgroundforTeachers Inthistask,studentsexploreplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthathelporganismssurviveandreproduce.Whiletherearemanydifferentexamplesofthesecharacteristics(seePEClarificationStatement),wespecificallychosenesting,migration,brightflowers,andsexpheromonesbecausetheseexamplesarealsocurrentlyaffectedbyglobalwarmingintheorganismswefocusoninthistask.TheseeffectswillbeexploredinTask3.Byselectingtheseparticularplantstructuresandanimalbehaviors,andthecorrespondingorganisms,wehelptoensureamorecohesivestorylineconnectingthisPEtoglobalwarmingandpotentialsolutionstominimizedetrimentalhumanimpact. Eachoftheplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsstudentsexplorehassomeeffectontheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproductionforthoseorganisms.Withthebeeandthefloweringplant,studentswillfindthatoftentimes,animalbehaviorsplayaroleinlikelihoodofsuccessfulreproductioninplants,andviceversa.Inthenexttask,studentswillfindthattheserelationshipscreateacascadeofdownstreameffectsasorganismsrespondtoglobalwarming.
structurescouldincludebrightflowersattractingbutterfliesthattransferpollen,flowernectarandodorsthatattractinsectsthattransferpollen,andhardshellsonnutsthatsquirrelsbury.]EquityandGroupwork
• Participateingrouprolestoexplorestations.• DiscussExploreevidenceasaclasstobuildconsensus.• Shareideaswithapartner.
Language• Readaboutnewscientificterminologyanddescribeanalysisinownwords.• Writeanargument,usingevidenceandscientificreasoning.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
Forinformationonthesespecificcharacteristics,seetheExplorestationcards,aswellastheassociatedsourceslistedintheCulminatingProjectTeacherVersion.AcademicVocabulary
• AnimalBehavior• PlantStructure• Reproduce/Reproduction• Nesting• Offspring• Predators• Migration• Habitat• Abundance• Breed• Pollen• Pollination• Adapt• SexPheromone• Mimic
TimeNeeded(Basedon45-MinutePeriods)4Days
• Engage:0.5period• Explore:1periods• Explain:1period• Elaborate:0.5period• EvaluateandReflection:1period
Materials
• Unit4,Task2StudentVersionExplore
• StationCards(1-2copiesperstation)–mayneedtoduplicatestationsbasedonclasssizeEvaluate
• ProjectOrganizerHandout• ComputersorTablets,ifresearchisnecessary
InstructionsEngage
1. IntroduceTask2:Inthelasttask,yousawevidenceofrisingglobaltemperaturesandthefactorscausingthem.Thinkaboutwhatyouwerestillwonderingaboutattheendofthelasttask(lookbackifyouneedto).Whatquestionsdoyoustillhave?
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
o Beforeyoupassouttheirstudentguide,givestudentstimetoreflectindividuallyorwithapartneraboutthequestionstheyrecordedattheendofthelasttask.Shareafewoftheseoutasaclass,usingfacilitatingquestionstoguidestudentstowardquestionsthatrelatetothistask.
2. TransitiontoTask2:Whydoesariseinglobaltemperaturesmatter?WhatdoesthismeanforEarthand
itsorganisms?Beforewecanexplorethesequestions,wefirstneedtounderstandwhatactuallyaffectsthesurvivaloforganismsonEarth.Inthistask,youwillexploreexamplesofdifferentbehaviorsandstructuresthatalloworganismstosuccessfullysurviveandreproduce.
o NowpassouttheirTask2studentguide.
3. AskstudentstorecallwhattheylearnedintheLift-Offtaskandcallonastudenttoshare.Studentsshouldrecallthatthebeepopulationisdeclining.
o Introducethistaskwiththefollowingstatement:Scientistssaythatbeesandfloweringplantsheavilyrelyoneachother,sothiscouldbeahugeconcern.
4. Inpartners,havestudentsusetheirpriorknowledgeaboutthesetwoorganismstodiscussandtryto
explainwhattheythinkscientistsmeanbythisstatement.StudentsshouldrecordtheirthoughtsintheirStudentGuides.
o Becausethesearehypotheses,anyresponsesarevalid.
5. Wehighlyrecommendstudentssharesomeoftheseideasoutinaclass-widediscussion.o Weencourageusingequitystickstofostermoreequitableparticipationinclass-widediscussions
likethese(See“HowToUseThisCurriculum”formoredetails).Explore
1. Toexplainthisstatementfromscientists,studentsneedmoreevidenceaboutwhatanimalbehaviorsandplantstructureshelporganisms,likebeesandfloweringplants,tosurviveandreproduce.Ingroups,studentsvisitstationstogatherandrecordthisevidenceinthetableintheirStudentGuides.
o Asstudentsexplainhoweachstructureorbehaviorhelpssurvivaland/orreproduction,theyemphasizetheCCCofCauseandEffect.Whileeachstructureandbehaviorlikelyaffectsreproductioninsomeway,successfulreproductionhasseveralcauses,sothesecause-and-effectrelationshipscanonlybereflectedintermsofprobability.
2. Assignrolestoeachgroup.Youmayusewhateverrolesyouprefer.Werecommendtheuseofthe
Facilitator,MaterialsManager,Harmonizer,andRecorder.o AsktheFacilitatortoreadthedirectionsandtomakesureeveryoneunderstandsthetask.o AsktheMaterialsManagertogatherandreadthematerialsneededtocompletethetask.o AsktheHarmonizertomakesurethateveryonecontributestheirideasandthateveryone’svoice
isheard.o AsktheRecordertomakesurethegroupisrecordingtheiranalysisintheirStudentGuide.
3. Youcanchoosetosetupthestationsanywayyou’dlike.However,becausethereareonlyfourstations,
werecommendmakingduplicatesofeachstation,sothateachstationonlyhasonegrouppresentatatime.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
4. Asampleevidencetableisprovidedbelow:
Characteristic
WhatOrganismsDo/HaveThis?Explainhowthishelpssurvivaland/or
reproduction.
Nesting
AnimalBehavior
ShorebirdFinnishBirdMagpieLark
Thisbehaviorhelpsanimalsreproducebyprotectingtheiroffspringfromdangerwhentheyarevulnerableaseggs.Nestshideeggsfrompredatorsandshieldthemfromnatural
elementssomoreoffspringsurvive.
MigrationAnimalBehavior
SalmonWhoopingCranes
CaribouHummingbirds
Thisbehaviorhelpsanimalsreproducebyhelpingorganismsfindbetterbreeding
locations.Theselocationsareoftensafer,havebetterweather,ormorefoodavailablefortheoffspringwhentheyareborn.Thisleadsmore
offspringtosurvive.
BrightFlowersPlantStructure
Lilac
SpiderOrchidGlacierLily
Thisplantstructurehelpsplantsreproducebecauseitattractspollinators,likebeesandinsects.Theylandontheflowerstogetfood,
thuspickinguptheflower’spollenandtransferringittoanotherplant.
SexPheromonesPlantStructure
SpiderOrchid
Thisplantstructurehelpsplantsbyattractingthemalebeewithascentverysimilartoafemalebee.Thiscausesthemtolandonthe
flowersandpickuppollentotransfertoanotherplant.
5. Aftertheirevidencetable,studentsaregiventhefollowingdiscussionquestion:Inwhatexamplesdid
animalbehaviorsandplantstructuresseemrelated?Explain.Thisquestionisintendedtohighlighthowanimalsandplantsoftenrelyoneachother,whichwillbeemphasizedasstudentsexploreeffectsofglobalwarminginTask3.
o Werecommendhavingstudentsdiscussthisquestioningroupsandthenshareoutideasasaclass.Thisnotonlyprovidesyouwithaquickchecktogaugestudentunderstanding,italsoisagoodequitypractice.
Explain
1. Nowthatstudentshaveseenalltheevidence,theycanreturntoEngagescenario:Scientistssaythatbeesandfloweringplantsheavilyrelyoneachother.Individually,studentswriteanargumentthatsupportsorrefutesthisstatement,usingevidencefromtheExplorestationsandscientificreasoning.
o HerestudentsareusingtheSEPofEngaginginArgumentFromEvidence,astheywriteanargumentusingevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportanexplanationforthebeeandfloweringplantphenomenon.
o Studentswillonlybeincorporatingevidencefromthe“BrightFlowers”resource,buttheymaybeusingatleastoneoftheotherresourcesfortheirCulminatingProject,dependingontheorganismtheychoose.Thisalsoemphasizesthepracticeofselectingonlytheevidencethatispertinenttothequestion.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
2. OptionalSentenceFramestoProvide:o Iagree/disagree(pickone)withthescientiststhatsaythat…o BasedonwhatIlearnedinthestations,Ithinkthat…o Thismeansthat…o Thebeesrelyontheflowersfor…o Theflowersrelyonthebeesfor…o Otherplantsandanimalsseemtohaveasimilarrelationship,like…
3. PossibleStudentSample:Iagreewiththescientiststhatsaythatbeesandfloweringplantsheavilyrelyon
eachother.BasedonmyownpriorknowledgeandtheExplorestations,Iknowthatbeesarepollinators.Thismeansthattheyhelpfloweringplantsreproducebymovingpollenbetweenflowersastheylookforfood.Thebeesrelyontheflowersforfood(nectar),whichtheyneedtosurvive.Theflowersrelyonthebeestoreproduce,sotheycancreatemoreoffspring.Otherplantsandanimalsseemtohaveasimilarrelationship,likethehummingbirdandglacierlily.
4. Foradditionallanguagesupport,considerusingtheStrongerClearerasanopportunityforstudentsto
shareandrevisetheirarguments.Atemplateisprovidedbelow:UsetheStrongerClearerprotocolbelowtogetfeedbackforyourargumentandmakerevisions.
1. IndividualThinkTime:Turnyourstudentguideoversoyoucan’tseeit.Takeaminutetothinkabouthowyouwilldescribeyourargumenttoafirstpartner.
2. PartnerDiscussion1:Youwillworkinpairs.OneofyouwillbeStudentAandtheotherStudentB.StudentAwillstartfirst:
• StudentA:Withoutlookingorreadingwhatyouwrotedown,describeyourargument.• StudentB:Listenandaskclarifyingquestions.AskquestionstohelpStudentAdescribetheir
argument.Forexample,youmightask,“Howdoyouthinkbeesandplantsrelyoneachother?”or“Whatevidencecanyouusetosupportthat?”
• BothStudentAandStudentB:Writedownanynotes,thoughts,orquestionsthatcameupinthisdiscussion.
Nowswitchrolesandrepeatthestepsabove.
3. PartnerDiscussion2:Repeatthepartneringprocesswithanotherstudent.Remembertotryto
strengthenandclarifyyourargument.Writedownnewnotes,insights,andquestions.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
4. PartnerDiscussion3:Repeatthepartneringprocesswithanotherstudent.Remembertotrytostrengthenandclarifyyourargument.Writedownnewnotes,insights,andquestions.
Revision:Afteryouhaveworkedwithpartnerstoclarifyyourargument,reviewyournotesandgobacktoreviseyourargument.
5. Therevisedargumentisagoodoptionforformativeassessment.Collectstudentworktoidentifytrendsinstudents’abilitytowriteanaccurateargumentsupportedbyevidenceandscientificreasoning.See“HowtoUseThisCurriculum”forstrategiesonutilizingformativeassessmentdatatoprovidefeedbacktostudentsandinformclassroominstruction.
Elaborate
1. StudentsknowfromtheLift-Offtaskthatthebeepopulationisdeclining.Usingwhattheyhavejustlearned,studentscanmakeaprobablepredictionaboutwhattheythinkwillhappentoplantsifthebeepopulationcontinuestodecline.
o Here,studentsareagainemphasizingtheCCCofCauseandEffect.Successfulsurvivalandreproductionhasseveralcauses,sothesecause-and-effectrelationshipsrelatedtoplantstructuresandreproductioncanonlybereflectedintermsofprobability.
2. Studentsshoulddiscussandrecordtheirpredictionandreasoninginpartners,butwehighlyrecommend
sharingoutpredictionsinaclass-widediscussion.Thisdiscussionprovidesatransitiontowardsthenexttask,asstudentswillbethinkingabouthowglobalwarmingaffectsmultipleorganismsbecauseoftheirrelationshipswitheachother.
3. Returntothewhole-classconceptmapfromtheLift-OffTask.
o Insmallgroups,havestudentsbrainstormnewconceptsandnewconnectionsthattheyhavelearnedinthistask,aswellasanynewquestionsthathavecomeupforthem.Thenhavegroupssharethesealoudinaclass-widediscussionandaddtotheclassconceptmap.Theuseofequitysticksisencouragedformoreequitableparticipationinclass-widediscussions(See“HowToUseThisCurriculum”formoredetails).
o Somefacilitatingquestionstoaskstudentsare:Whatnewideas/conceptsdoyouwanttoaddtothemap?Whatconnectionsdoyouwanttoaddorchange?Whatisyourreasonforthataddition/revision?Whatconnectionscanwemakebetweenthequestions/ideasalreadyonthemap?Whatnewquestionsdoyouhaveaboutthephenomenon?
o Drawcirclesaroundeachquestionandboxesaroundeachconcept.o Writeconnectorwordstodescribeconnectionsbetweentheconceptboxes.o Forthistask,studentsmaybegintoconnectsomeoftheirpreviousquestioncirclesto
conceptboxesaboutthefollowing:plantstructuresthataffectreproduction,animalbehaviorsthataffectreproduction,andrelationshipsbetweenenvironments,plants,andanimals.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 8
o Havestudentsanalyzetheadditionstotheclassconceptmapforasmanyexamplesofthistask’scrosscuttingconceptastheycanfind.Onceastudenthasidentifiedthecrosscuttingconcept,youcantracethecircleinthecorrespondingcolor(decidedonintheLift-Offtask).Werecommendaskingstudentstosharekeywordsthathelpedthemidentifythecrosscuttingconceptforthatconceptorquestion.Someidentifyingwordsstudentsmightlookforare:
o CauseandEffect:Thesecouldbephrasessuchas,“thatresultsin,”“thatcauses,”“thatexplainswhy,”“isdueto,”etc.
o Onceagain,thepurposeofthisconceptmapistofacilitategenerationofstudentquestions,promotelanguagedevelopment,andsupportunderstandingofthesciencecontentthroughouttheunit.Allowingstudentstoasktheirownquestionsandusetheirownwordstomakemeaningoftheconceptswillnotonlyhelpthemmakedeepconnectionsaboutsciencecontent,butwillalsohelptheiroralandwrittenlanguagedevelopment.
Evaluate:ConnectingtotheCulminatingProject
1. StudentsindependentlycompletetheTask2sectionoftheUnit4ProjectOrganizerinclass.Revisionscanbedoneforhomework,dependinguponstudent’sneedsand/orclassscheduling.
2. Youhavebeenaskedtocreateanadvocacyvideothatdescribesthehumanimpactonanorganismandgivesapotentialsolution.Theirpromptisasfollows:Consideryourchosenorganismanddoadditionalresearch,asnecessary:
ü WhatspecializedstructuresORbehaviorsdoesyourorganismhavethathelpitsurviveandreproduce?Describehowthesecharacteristicsspecificallyhelpwithsurvivaland/orreproduction.
Reflection
1. Attheendofthetask,askstudentstoreflectonwhattheyhavelearnedoverthecourseofthistaskbyansweringthefollowingthreequestionsintheirstudentguide:
o Atthebeginningofthistask,youwereaskedtoexplainwhatyouthoughtscientistsmeanwhentheysayplantsandbeesrelyoneachother.LookbackatyourresponsesintheEngageandyourargumentintheExplain.Howhasyourthinkingchangedorremainedthesameoverthecourseofthistask?
o Inthistask,wefocusedonthecrosscuttingconceptofCauseandEffect:Phenomenamayhavemorethanonecause,andsometimesrelationshipscanonlybedescribedusingprobability.WheredidyouseeexamplesofCauseandEffectinthistask?
o Nowthatyouhavelearnedmoreaboutthecharacteristicsthataffectorganisms’survivalandreproduction,whatquestionsdoyoustillhave?
2. Therearenorightanswers,butencouragestudentstolookbackattheirstudentguidesandtheirclassconceptmap.Theyshouldnotchangetheirinitialresponses,butratherusethisreflectionspacetoaddtotheirideasandquestionsbasedonwhattheyhavelearnedthroughthistask.Bygeneratingmoreoftheirownquestions,studentscontinuetoengageinsense-makingofthephenomenonandgatheringknowledgeandskillsfortheirfinalprojects.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task2:ItTakesTwo
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 9
Assessment1. Youmaycollectstudents’ProjectOrganizerandassessusing:
o Criteriaofyourchoice.Werecommendusingthe3-DimensionalAssessmentmatrixatthebeginningofthisdocumenttoinformyourcriteria.
o Thiscanbeaformativetooltoperiodicallylookfortrendsinstudentunderstandingafterthecompletionofatask.Youcanthenusethisformativedatatoinformanyre-teachingasnecessary.
2. Youmayalsogivestudentstimetomakerevisionswithoneofthetwooptions:o StudentsmaymakechangestotheirProjectOrganizeraccordingtoyourcommentsORo AskstudentstoexchangeProjectOrganizerswithapartnerandgivepartners5minutestogive
writtenfeedback.Thenallowstudentstimetomakechangestotheirworkaccordingtothefeedback.
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Unit4,Task2
NestingAnimalBehavior
Someanimalsbuildneststoprotecttheiroffspringfromdangerwhentheyare
vulnerableaseggs.Mostnestsarebuilttohideeggsfrompredatorsandshieldthemfromnaturalelements.Belowaresomeexamples:
Shorebird’sNestBuiltonshore
FinnishBird’sNestBuiltonfarmland
MagpieLark’sNest
Builtintrees,usingmud
_____________________________________________________________________
MigrationAnimalBehavior
Manydifferentanimalsmigratefromonehabitattoanotherforavarietyof
differentreasons.Mostoften,animalsmigratetobreed.Belowaresomeexamples:
Salmon
Migratefromtheoceanupstream
intoriverstofindasuitablespottolay
eggs
WhoopingCranesMigratenorth
duringthespringforbetternestlocationswithanabundanceoffood
Caribou
MigrateinlandtogivebirthtotheircalvesandeattheArcticplantsthat
growthere
Hummingbirds
Migratetobreedinggroundswherethereisanabundanceoffloweringplantsfor
food(nectar)
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Unit4,Task2
BrightFlowersPlantStructure
Plantsrelyonbeesandotherinsectstoreproduce.Whenbeesandinsectslandonflowerstosipnectarforfood,pollenattachestotheirbodies.Asbeesandinsectsmovetootherflowers,thepollenrubsoffontootherflowers.Thisprocessiscalledpollinationandisnecessaryforplantstoreproduce.Tomakethemselvesmore
attractivetopotentialpollinators,plantshaveadaptedtohavebrightflowers.Someexamplesarebelow:
Lilac
Hasbrightflowerstoattractbees
SpiderOrchid
Hasflowersthatmimicfemalebeestoattract
malebees
GlacierLily
Hasbrightflowerstoattracthummingbirds
_____________________________________________________________________
SexPheromonesPlantStructure
Plantsrelyonbeesandotherinsectstoreproduce.Whenbeesandinsectslandonflowerstosipnectarforfood,pollenattachestotheirbodies.Asbeesandinsectsmovetootherflowers,thepollenrubsoffontootherflowers.Thisprocessiscalledpollinationandisnecessaryforplantstoreproduce.
SpiderOrchidsareaninterestingcasebecausetheyattractpollinatorsbymimickingafemalebee.Theyreleaseanirresistiblechemicalscent,thefemalesexpheromone,toattractmalebees.Withthescentofafemalebeecoveringthespiderorchid,malebeeslandontheflowerandenduppollinatingthem.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 1
UnitEssentialQuestion:Howdohumansimpactorganismsaroundtheworldandwhatcanwedoaboutit?IntroductionInTask2,studentsexploredwhatkindsofanimalbehaviorsandplantstructuresaffecttheprobabilitythatorganismswillsurviveandreproduce.Inthistask,studentslearnthatthisabilitytosurviveandreproduceisatriskformanyorganismsbecauseoftheriseinglobaltemperatures.UsingthesameexamplesfromTask2,studentsresearchwhathappenswhenanorganism’senvironmentiscompromisedsomuchthatitaffectsthesebehaviorsandstructures.Byfocusingontheirownorganism,theyareabletodosomeoftheresearchneededfortheirCulminatingProject.However,theyarealsoabletoseethattheimpactofrisingglobaltemperaturesisabroaderissueastheylearnaboutotherorganismsthroughamockscienceconference.AlignmentTable
PerformanceExpectations ScienceandEngineeringPractices
DisciplinaryCoreIdeas CrosscuttingConcepts
MS-LS1-4.Useargumentbasedonempiricalevidenceandscientificreasoningtosupportanexplanationforhowcharacteristicanimalbehaviorsandspecializedplantstructuresaffecttheprobabilityofsuccessfulreproductionofanimalsandplantsrespectively.[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofanimalreproductioncouldincludenestbuildingtoprotectyoungfromcold,herdingofanimalstoprotectyoungfrompredators,andvocalizationofanimalsandcolorfulplumagetoattractmatesforbreeding.Examplesofanimalbehaviorsthataffecttheprobabilityofplantreproductioncouldincludetransferringpollenorseeds,andcreatingconditionsforseedgerminationandgrowth.Examplesofplantstructurescouldincludebrightflowersattractingbutterfliesthattransfer
N/AEngaginginArgumentFromEvidenceaddressedinTask2.
LS1.B:GrowthandDevelopmentofOrganisms● Animalsengagein
characteristicbehaviorsthatincreasetheoddsofreproduction.
● Plantsreproduceinavarietyofways,sometimesdependingonanimalbehaviorandspecializedfeaturesforreproduction.
CauseandEffect● Phenomenamay
havemorethanonecause,andsomecauseandeffectrelationshipsinsystemscanonlybedescribedusingprobability.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 2
pollen,flowernectarandodorsthatattractinsectsthattransferpollen,andhardshellsonnutsthatsquirrelsbury.]MS-ESS3-3.Applyscientificprinciplestodesignamethodformonitoringandminimizingahumanimpactontheenvironment.*[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofthedesignprocessincludeexamininghumanenvironmentalimpacts,assessingthekindsofsolutionsthatarefeasible,anddesigningandevaluatingsolutionsthatcouldreducethatimpact.Examplesofhumanimpactscanincludewaterusage(suchasthewithdrawalofwaterfromstreamsandaquifersortheconstructionofdamsandlevees),landusage(suchasurbandevelopment,agriculture,ortheremovalofwetlands),andpollution(suchasoftheair,water,orland).]
DesigningSolutions● Applyscientific
principlestodesignanobject,tool,processorsystem.
ESS3.C:HumanImpactsonEarthSystems● Humanactivities
havesignificantlyalteredthebiosphere,sometimesdamagingordestroyingnaturalhabitatsandcausingtheextinctionofotherspecies.ButchangestoEarth’senvironmentscanhavedifferentimpacts(negativeandpositive)fordifferentlivingthings.
● Typicallyashumanpopulationsandper-capitaconsumptionofnaturalresourcesincrease,sodothenegativeimpactsonEarthunlesstheactivitiesandtechnologiesinvolvedareengineeredotherwise.
CauseandEffect● Relationshipscanbe
classifiedascausalorcorrelational,andcorrelationdoesnotnecessarilyimplycausation.
MS-ETS1-1.Definethecriteriaandconstraintsofadesignproblemwithsufficientprecisiontoensureasuccessfulsolution,takingintoaccountrelevantscientificprinciplesandpotentialimpactsonpeopleandthenaturalenvironmentthatmaylimitpossible
AskingQuestionsandDefiningProblems● Defineadesign
problemthatcanbesolvedthroughthedevelopmentofanobject,tool,processorsystemandincludesmultiplecriteriaand
ETS1.A:DefiningandDelimitingEngineeringProblems● Themorepreciselya
designtask’scriteriaandconstraintscanbedefined,themorelikelyitisthatthedesignedsolutionwillbesuccessful.
NoCCClisted
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 3
LearningGoalsThislearningtaskasksstudentstoresearchanddescribehowglobalwarmingimpactsorganisms.Morespecifically,thepurposeisto:
• Engagepriorknowledgeofplantsandanimalsaffectedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.• Researchtheirchosenorganismtolearnhowplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsarechangingin
responsetoglobalwarming.• Createascientificpostertoteachothersaboutwhattheyhavelearnedabouttheirorganism.• Brainstormpotentialsolutionstomonitororminimizetheimpactontheirorganism.• Revisecriteriaandconstraintsbasedonresearch.
ContentBackgroundforTeachers Inthistask,studentsexploredorganismswithspecificplantstructuresoranimalbehaviorsthathelpthemsurviveandreproduce.AsstatedinTask2,wespecificallychosenesting,migration,brightflowers,andsexpheromonesbecausetheseparticularcharacteristicsarecurrentlybeingaffectedbyglobalwarmingintheorganismswehaveidentified.Thistaskthusprovidestheconnectionbetweenglobalwarming,theplantstructuresandanimalbehaviorsthataffectreproduction,andanypotentialsolutionstominimizethishumanimpact. Forinformationspecifictoeachorganism,seethesourcesprovidedintheExploreResearchCard,aswellastheinformationtableintheExploresectionbelow.AcademicVocabulary
• Dependentoneachstudent’sresearch
solutions. constraints,includingscientificknowledgethatmaylimitpossiblesolutions.
Specificationofconstraintsincludesconsiderationofscientificprinciplesandotherrelevantknowledgethatarelikelytolimitpossiblesolutions.
EquityandGroupwork• Participateingrouprolestoconductresearchandmakeascientificposter.• Brainstormideaswithapartner.• Usethe“DesignThinkingPost-It”Methodtobrainstormsolutionsasagroup.• Giveconstructivepeerfeedback.
Language• Readscientificresearchandextractkeyideas.• Takenotesbasedonkeyideasfromresearch.• Representresearchusingvisualsandtext.• Readideasandclusterbysimilarity.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 4
TimeNeeded(Basedon45-MinutePeriods)4.5–6.5Days
• Engage:0.5period• Explore:1-2periods• Explain:1-2periods• Elaborate:1period• EvaluateandReflection:1period
Materials
• Unit4,Task3StudentVersionExplore(PerGroup)
• ResearchCard(Optional)• 1-2ComputersorTablets,forresearch
Explain• Poster(PerGroup)• Markers(PerGroup)• Post-Its(Optional–3+PerPerson)
Elaborate(PerGroup)• Poster• Post-Its(1stack,splitupbetweengroupmembers)
Evaluate• ProjectOrganizerHandout
InstructionsEngage
1. IntroduceTask3:InTask2,youlearnedaboutthedifferentanimalbehaviorsandplantstructuresthatalloworganismstosurviveandreproduce.Thinkaboutwhatyouwerestillwonderingaboutattheendofthelasttask(lookbackifyouneedto).Whatquestionsdoyoustillhave?
o Beforeyoupassouttheirstudentguide,givestudentstimetoreflectindividuallyorwithapartneraboutthequestionstheyrecordedattheendofthelasttask.Shareafewoftheseoutasaclass,usingfacilitatingquestionstoguidestudentstowardquestionsthatrelatetothistask.
2. TransitiontoTask3:Butrememberthatglobaltemperaturesarerising!Whathappensifanorganism’s
environmentchangesinawaythataffectstheirbehaviorsandstructures?Inthistask,youwillinvestigatehowincreasingtemperaturesareimpactingorganismsaroundtheworld.
o NowpassouttheirTask3studentguide.
3. Moststudentshaveheardaboutglobalwarminginthenewsorinpriorscienceclasses.Havepartnersbrainstormalistofplantsandanimalsthey’veheardarebeingaffectedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.Iftheydoknowalotabouttheorganism,encouragethemtoaddadescriptionofhowtheyarebeingaffected.
o Ifstudentsarestrugglingwiththisbrainstorm,encouragethemtothinkofimagesthatthey’veseen.Asanoptionalscaffold,youmaywanttoprojectafewimagestosparkstudentthinking.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 5
4. Shareexamplesoutinaclass-widediscussion,makingaclasslistontheboard.o Weencourageusingequitystickstofostermoreequitableparticipationinclass-widediscussions
likethese(See“HowToUseThisCurriculum”formoredetails).Explore
1. Inthelasttask,studentssawexamplesofmanydifferentorganismswithspecificplantstructuresoranimalbehaviorsthathelpthemsurviveandreproduce.Now,theylearnthatasglobaltemperaturesrise,weareseeingthesecharacteristicschanginginresponse.
o Reviewthecontextwithstudentsasaclass:Asagroup,youwillbepresentingaposterataScienceConferencefocusingonthequestion:Howisglobalwarmingaffectingorganismsaroundtheworld?ResearchtheorganismyouchosefortheCulminatingProjecttofigureouthowitisbeingimpactedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.
o Asstudentsresearchhowachangetoastructureorbehavioraffectssurvivaland/orreproduction,theyarelikelytoencountertheCCCofCauseandEffect.Whileeachstructureandbehaviorlikelyaffectsreproduction(effect)insomeway,successfulreproductionreliesonseveralfactors(causes),sothesecause-and-effectrelationshipsarebestdescribedintermsofprobabilityassomeincreasethelikelihoodofreproductionandsurvivalmorethenothers.
2. Assignrolestoeachgroup.Youmayusewhateverrolesyouprefer.Werecommendtheuseofthe
Facilitator,MaterialsManager,Harmonizer,andRecorder.o AsktheFacilitatortoreadthedirectionsandtomakesureeveryoneunderstandsthetask.o AsktheMaterialsManagertogathermaterialsandreadtheresearchaloud.o AsktheHarmonizertomakesurethateveryonecontributestheirideasandthateveryone’svoice
isheard.o AsktheRecordertomakesurethegroupisrecordingtheirnotesintheirStudentGuide.
2. Distributeatleast1-2tabletsorcomputerstoeachgroupofstudents.Studentscanconductresearch
independently,butwehavealsoprovidedaResearchCard,whichprovidesstudentsatleastonesourcefortheirorganismasanoptiontouseintheirresearch.
3. Thetablebelowdescribesthetypesofrelationshipsstudentsmayfindintheirresearch:
Organism HowThisIsAffectedByGlobalWarming
MagpieLarks Risingtemperaturesanddecreasedrainfallassociatedwithglobalwarmingarereducingtheavailabilityofmudformakingnests.Withoutmud,MagpieLarksareunabletoprotecttheiroffspring.
Shorebirds Globalwarmingiscausingreducedsnowcover,whichisaffectingthepopulationsofvariouspreyforArcticFoxes.Withouttheirusualprey,ArcticFoxesarefeedingonShorebirds’eggsintheirnests.
FinnishBirds GlobalwarminghascausedFinnishBirdstoshifttheirbreedingtimeearlierintheseason.ThismeansFinnishBirdsarebuildingnestsonarablelandbeforefieldsareplowed,sotheeggsaredestroyedwhenthefieldsareplowed.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 6
Salmon Salmonaremigratingandspawningearlierbecauseofthewarmertemperatures.Thechangingconditionscanmakegrowthandsurvivalmoredifficultwhenthebabiesareborn,ormigratinganimalsarrivebeforetheirfoodisavailable.Globalwarmingisalsoreducingtheamountofriverwatermakingithardforsalmontomigrate,andiscausingextremestormsthatwashoutspawninglocations.
WhoopingCranes Theyarenowmigratingearlierinthespringandlaterinthefallbecauseofwarmertemperatures.Thisposesariskofgettingcaughtinsnowstormsontheirmigrationjourneywithoutfood.
Hummingbird Globalwarmingiscausingflowerstobloomearlier.Thus,hummingbirdsarenowarrivingatthebreedinggroundstoolateforflowerblooms,andthustoolatetofindadequatefoodfortheiroffspring.
Caribou Springplantgrowthoccursearlierthannormalbecauseofwarmingtemperatures.Thisishappeningwellbeforecalving,somanycalvesaredyingwithoutadequatefoodavailableatthebreedingsite.
SpiderOrchid WarmingtemperaturesarecausingbeestoemergemuchearlierandtheSpiderOrchidsonlyslightlyearlier.Thismismatchbetweenthetimingofbees’presenceandtheSpiderOrchid’sfloweringmeansSpiderOrchidsarenotbeingpollinated.
Lilac WarmingtemperaturesarecausingLilacstobloomearlierthannormal.Theinsectsthateatthemarethusplentifulearlier,butthendieoutearlieraswell.Bythetimebirdsarriveforbreedingseason,therearenotenoughinsectsforthebirdstoeat.
Explain
1. Nowthatstudentshavedonetheresearch,theyarereadytocreateaposteroftheirfindingstopresenttotheirclassmates.AlistofcriteriaisprovidedintheirStudentGuides.
o Again,asstudentsdescribehowachangetoastructureorbehavioraffectsthesurvivaland/orreproductionoftheirorganism,theyareemphasizingtheCCCofCauseandEffect.Whileeachstructureandbehaviorlikelyaffectsreproduction(effect)insomeway,successfulreproductionreliesonseveralfactors(causes),sothesecause-and-effectrelationshipsarebestdescribedintermsofprobabilityassomeincreasethelikelihoodofreproductionandsurvivalmorethenothers.
2. Youmaychoosetohavestudentspresentthesepostersanywayyou’dlike.However,werecommenda
gallerywalkasafun,kinestheticwayforstudentstolearnandgivefeedback.o Togivefeedback,werecommendprovidingeachstudentwithafewpost-itsandaskingthemto
leaveatleastonepositiveandatleastoneconstructivecommentonaposteraroundtheroom.Youmaychangetherequirednumberofcommentsasyouseefit.
3. Thesepostersareagoodoptionforformativeassessment.Walkaroundtheroomtoobservepostersand
identifytrendsinstudents’abilitytoaccuratelydescribecause-and-effectrelationships.See“HowtoUse
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 7
ThisCurriculum”forstrategiesonutilizingformativeassessmentdatatoprovidefeedbacktostudentsandinformclassroominstruction.
Elaborate
1. Studentsnowunderstandtheproblem—organismsaroundtheworldarebeingaffectedbyglobalwarming.Thequestionnowbecomes:whatcanwedoaboutit?ThisbeginstomovethemtowardPEMS-ESS3-3,astheydevelopsolutionsfortheirCulminatingProject.
2. Somestudentsmaynotknowwhat“monitoring”entails.Itwouldbeusefulfortheteachertomodelonesuchmonitoringprotocolwithanorganismnotontheresearchlist(Forexample,usingradiotrackingtagstoknowthelocationsofendangeredpopulationsofblackrhino).Studentsbasicallyneedtounderstandthatmonitoringmeanstokeeptrackofanychangesinorganismpopulationovertime.
3. Inthisactivity,studentsdoagroupbrainstormofpotentialsolutionsusingthe“DesignThinkingPost-It
Method”.Distributepost-itsandablankposterpapertoeachgroupofstudentsandreviewtheprocedurewiththemintheirStudentGuide.
o Emphasizethatthegoalistogetasmanyideasontotheposteraspossible,nomatterhowfar-fetchedtheymayseem.
o Youmaywishtomodeltheprocesswithaneasier,morefamiliarproblem.
4. Studentsshouldendthisbrainstormwithpost-itideasclusteredonaposterandtheirtopideasrecordedintheirStudentGuides.
o Hearingotherstudents’ideasmighttriggernewideas.Theseshouldalsoberecordedonanewpost-itandaddedtotheposter.
o Werecommendtakingaphotographofeachofthepostersincasestudentswanttoreturntoanyoftheseoriginalideaslaterinthedesignprocess.
5. Returntothewhole-classconceptmapfromtheLift-OffTask.
o Insmallgroups,havestudentsbrainstormnewconceptsandnewconnectionsthattheyhavelearnedinthistask,aswellasanynewquestionsthathavecomeupforthem.Thenhavegroupssharethesealoudinaclass-widediscussionandaddtotheclassconceptmap.Theuseofequitysticksisencouragedformoreequitableparticipationinclass-widediscussions(See“HowToUseThisCurriculum”formoredetails).
o Somefacilitatingquestionstoaskstudentsare:Whatnewideas/conceptsdoyouwanttoaddtothemap?Whatconnectionsdoyouwanttoaddorchange?Whatisyourreasonforthataddition/revision?Whatconnectionscanwemakebetweenthequestions/ideasalreadyonthemap?Whatnewquestionsdoyouhaveaboutthephenomenon?
o Drawcirclesaroundeachquestionandboxesaroundeachconcept.o Writeconnectorwordstodescribeconnectionsbetweentheconceptboxes.o Forthistask,studentsmaybegintoconnectsomeoftheirpreviousquestioncirclesto
conceptboxesaboutthefollowing:impactsofglobalwarmingonorganismsandpotentialsolutionstomonitororminimizethisimpact.
o Havestudentsanalyzetheadditionstotheclassconceptmapforasmanyexamplesofthistask’scrosscuttingconceptastheycanfind.Onceastudenthasidentifiedthecrosscuttingconcept,youcantracethecircleinthecorrespondingcolor(decidedonintheLift-Offtask).Werecommend
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 8
askingstudentstosharekeywordsthathelpedthemidentifythecrosscuttingconceptforthatconceptorquestion.Someidentifyingwordsstudentsmightlookforare:
o CauseandEffect:Thesecouldbephrasessuchas,“thatresultsin,”“thatcauses,”“thatexplainswhy,”“isdueto,”etc.
o Onceagain,thepurposeofthisconceptmapistofacilitategenerationofstudentquestions,promotelanguagedevelopment,andsupportunderstandingofthesciencecontentthroughouttheunit.Allowingstudentstoasktheirownquestionsandusetheirownwordstomakemeaningoftheconceptswillnotonlyhelpthemmakedeepconnectionsaboutsciencecontent,butwillalsohelptheiroralandwrittenlanguagedevelopment.
Evaluate:ConnectingtotheCulminatingProject
1. StudentsindependentlycompletetheTask3sectionoftheUnit4ProjectOrganizerinclass.Revisionscanbedoneforhomework,dependinguponstudent’sneedsand/orclassscheduling.
2. Youhavebeenaskedtocreateanadvocacyvideothatdescribesthehumanimpactonanorganismandgivesapotentialsolution.Theirpromptisasfollows:Inthistask,youlearnedabouthowhumansareimpactingyourchosenorganismthroughglobalwarmingandarewellonyourwaytocomingupwithasolution!
ü Summarizetheideasfromyourposterhere.o Describethefeedbackyoureceivedfrompeersandhowyouplantoreviseitbasedonthat
feedback.ü ReturntoyourcriteriaandconstraintsthatyouidentifiedafterTask1.Basedonwhatyouhave
learnedaboutyourorganismsofar,howcanyourevisethemoraddtothem?
3. ThisEvaluateagainemphasizesthePE,MS-ETS1-1,asstudentsmorespecificallydefinecriteriaandconstraints.
Reflection
1. Attheendofthetask,askstudentstoreflectonwhattheyhavelearnedoverthecourseofthistaskbyansweringthefollowingthreequestionsintheirstudentguide:
o Atthebeginningofthistask,youwereaskedtobrainstormalistofplantsandanimalsaffectedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.Inwhatwaysisyourorganismbeingaffectedsimilarlyordifferentlybyglobalwarming?
o Inthistask,wefocusedonthecrosscuttingconceptofCauseandEffect:Phenomenamayhavemorethanonecause,andsometimesrelationshipscanonlybedescribedusingprobability.WheredidyouseeexamplesofCauseandEffectinthistask?
o Nowthatyouhavelearnedmoreabouttheimpactsofglobalwarmingonorganisms,whatquestionsdoyoustillhave?
2. Therearenorightanswers,butencouragestudentstolookbackattheirstudentguidesandtheirclassconceptmap.Theyshouldnotchangetheirinitialresponses,butratherusethisreflectionspacetoaddtotheirideasandquestionsbasedonwhattheyhavelearnedthroughthistask.Bygeneratingmoreoftheirownquestions,studentscontinuetoengageinsense-makingofthephenomenonandgatheringknowledgeandskillsfortheirfinalprojects.
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StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld
Task3:FeelingTheImpact
TeacherVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2019 9
Assessment1. Youmaycollectstudents’ProjectOrganizerandassessusing:
o Criteriaofyourchoice.Werecommendusingthe3-DimensionalAssessmentmatrixatthebeginningofthisdocumenttoinformyourcriteria.
o Thiscanbeaformativetooltoperiodicallylookfortrendsinstudentunderstandingafterthecompletionofatask.Youcanthenusethisformativedatatoinformanyre-teachingasnecessary.
2. Youmayalsogivestudentstimetomakerevisionswithoneofthetwooptions:o StudentsmaymakechangestotheirProjectOrganizeraccordingtoyourcommentsORo AskstudentstoexchangeProjectOrganizerswithapartnerandgivepartners5minutestogive
writtenfeedback.Thenallowstudentstimetomakechangestotheirworkaccordingtothefeedback.
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Unit4,Task3
ResearchSourceOptions
Organism OptionsofSources
MagpieLark • https://www.bou.org.uk/mainwaring-climate-change-nests/
Shorebird • https://www.birdwatchingdaily.com/news/conservation/increase-shorebird-nest-predation-climate-change/
FinnishBird • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180111100848.htm
Salmon • https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2015/02/03/climate-change-poses-challenges-to-plants-and-animals/
• https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/sockeye-salmon-and-climate-change
WhoopingCrane • https://phys.org/news/2017-09-climate-affecting-whooping-cranes-migration.html
Hummingbird • https://www.audubon.org/conservation/how-climate-change-affects-hummingbirds-feeding-behavior
• https://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/climate-change-risk-to-hummingbirds
• https://bioone.org/journals/natural-areas-journal/volume-34/issue-2/043.034.0213/Timing-is-Everything--An-Overview-of-Phenological-Changes-to/10.3375/043.034.0213.full
Caribou • https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/5-plants-and-animals-utterly-confused-by-climate-change/
• https://www.uwsp.edu/wildlife/Ungulates/Pages/Moose/Moose-Habitat.aspx
SpiderOrchid • https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/05/climate-change-threatens-rare-british-orchid-that-tricks-bees-into-mating
• https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/06/climate-change-is-disrupting-flower-pollination-research-shows
Lilac • https://www.thoughtco.com/spring-phenology-and-global-climate-change-1203890
GlacierLily • https://www.aaas.org/hummingbirds-lilies-thrown-climate-change
• https://bioone.org/journals/natural-areas-journal/volume-34/issue-2/043.034.0213/Timing-is-Everything--An-Overview-of-Phenological-Changes-to/10.3375/043.034.0213.full