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Nokia Siemens Networks Author Presentation Department 1
HSPA System Overview
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Nokia Siemens Networks Author Presentation Department 2
Objective
At the end of the module the participant will be able to:
Describe UMTS network and Radio Access Network.
Explain aspects of UMTS Release 99 air interface.
Briefly introduce HSPA system and key elements of HSPA.
Briefly introduce HSPA+ system and key elements of HSPA+.
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Content
UMTS evolution and HSPA
UMTS Release 99 environment Network
Air Interface
HSDPA introduction and advantages
HSUPA introduction and advantages
HSPA+ introduction and advantages
LTE introduction
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HSPA or HSxPA
Consists of:
HSDPA = High Speed Downlink Packet Access Introduced in Release 5
Up to 14.4 Mbps in downlink
HSUPA = High Speed Uplink Packet Access Introduced in Release 6
Up to 5.76 Mbps in uplink
Future enhancements to HSPA will lead to even higher datarates.
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Nokia Siemens Networks Author Presentation Department 5
Rel 99
( = Rel 3)Rel 4 Rel 5
Rel 98
(EGPRS)
RAN
CORE
UTRANQoS
HSDPA
VoIPMGW
QoSIMS
Rel 6
HSUPA
Evolution of UMTS
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Evolution of UMTS (Continued)
Rel 7 Rel 8 Rel 9Rel 6
RAN
CORE
HSPA+Rel 7
SAEDirectTunnel
HSPA+ Rel 8,LTE
???
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UMTS Release 99 Environment
Core Network: Same as GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Radio Access Network:
User Equipment (UE) = Mobile phone + USIM
Node B Base station supporting WCDMA
Radio Network Controller (RNC) Controller in 3G RAN
Unlike 2G, Iur interface exists between neighbor RNCs.
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UMTS Network
Iur
IuCS
IuPS
Iub
E
Gn Gi
UE
Uu
The picture shows Release 99 core network. In release 4 core networks, MSC is splitted into
MSC Server (MSS) and Media Gateway (MGW).
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UMTS Release 99 Air Interface
Large 5 MHz bandwidth.
FDD: Simultaneous transmit and receive using different band.
CDMA Spreading: creating signal through unique user code to create multiple
bandwidth.
Despreading: reobtaining original signal by correlating signal with usercode.
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FrequencyTime
PN code
FDMATDMA
CDMA
frequency f
time t
power
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TDMA
frequency f
time t
power
1 2 3
FDMA
frequency f
time t
power
1
23
CDMA
Multiplex
method
BS & MS with common
know-how regarding:
P
P P
For coordinating limited frequency
resources to different users
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-1
User data:100
0 01
T Bit
Spreading code:0110
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
Coded signal T chip
t
t
t
SF = 4
0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 01 1 1 11 10 0
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Spreading
CodeGenerator
WidebandModulation
CarrierGenerator
De-Spreading
CodeGenerator
De-Modulation
RB
Air
Interface
RB
RC
Time
synchronization
RB: Bit Rate
RC: Chip Rate
fT: Carrier frequency
RCfT
bits chips symbol
Transmitter Receiver
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Role of Channelization and Scrambling Code inDownlink Direction
Channelization codesdistinguish user within acell.
Each cell has the samechannelization code tree two users in differentcells can have the samechannelization codeassigned.
Therefore the differentcells must becharacterized by a
Scrambling code.
Code 3
Code 3Code 2
Code 1
Code 2
Code 1
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Code Comparison between Uplink and Downlink
4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256,
5124, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256
Available
Channelisation Codes
FDD
Channelisation Code x Scrambling CodeSpreading Code
Users within a cellData and control channels
from same UEChannelisation Codes
Cell separationUser separationScrambling Codes
DownlinkUplink
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In the uplink direction theuser signals are not
synchronised due to timedelay.
In case of different timedelays ChannelizationCodes are not orthogonalany more.
Scrambling Codes: Highautocorrelation ifsynchronized, almost zerocorrelation between differentcodeseven ifunsynchronized.
Chann. Code
= (1,-1,-1,1)
Chann. Code
= (1,1,-1,-1)
T=0
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
Delay
t
Role of Scrambling Code in Uplink Direction
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Reserved for
signaling
2 voice
connections
7 dataconnections
3.4 kbps
SF=64
SF=8
SF=16
SF=32
SF=4
12.2 kbps
384 kbps
SF=128
SF=256
144 kbps
64 kbps
OVSF Code Tree Usage
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2560 chipsTimeslot TS
2/3 ms
Frame TS#0 TS#i TS#14
10 ms
f#1 f#i f#72 Superframe
720 ms
1/3,840,000 s 0.2604 s
ChipShortest information unit in CDMA
(of the spreading code)
Periodic repetition ofcontrol information (e.g. TPC)
Shortest transmission durationand data rate adaption
Counting period for:
Definition of physical channels Handover to GSM (120 ms frame)
Chip, Timeslot, Frame, Superframe
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HSDPA
Introduced in Release 5.
Can coexist with non-HSDPA in the same cell. Improve downlink direction. Uplink still relies on Rel '99.
Advantages:
Higher data rate: up to 14.4 Mbps with practical rate 10.8Mbps.
Reduce latency: especially with TCP Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance. Retransmission and HARQ in Node B.
Spectral efficiency: TTI=2ms schedule of shared channels.
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TCP Window Size
8,760
congestion occurs
receivers window seize
cwnd
slow start threshold, start value = 65535
slow start threshold, readjusted value
readjustment
of slow start
thresholdthird phase:
congestion voidance,
linear growth
second phase:
slow start,
eponential growthfirst phase:
slow start,
exponential growth
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Rel99 DCH
RNC RNC
Packet
Node B
Packet
Retransmission
L1 ACK / NACK
RLC ACK / NACK
Retransmission
Retransmission Cycle in HSDPA
Rel5 HS-DSCH
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HSDPA Scheduling
10 msDedicated
DCH
SharedHS-DSCH Big shared pipe
Time
Code
HSDPA
wasted bandwidth!
2 ms
inefficient usage!
Rel '99
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HSUPA
Introduced in Release 6.
Improve uplink direction. Rely on HSDPA in downlink.
Advantages:
Higher data rate: up to 5.76 Mbps with practical rate 1.44Mbps in first version.
Reduce latency: retransmission request by Node B.
Increased coverage and capacity: efficient handling of uplinkinterference problem.
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Improved Performance with HSUPA
User data rate
Round triptime, delays
Cell throughput
Coverage
20 100% improvementdepending on the channelconditions
Round trip timeapproximately 50milliseconds
Cell throughput improved by20 50%
Coverage gain 0.5 1.5dB
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HSPA+
Also called Evolved HSPA (eHSPA), HSPA Evolution
Corresponds to HSPA in Release 7 and 8
Some key features: MIMO
64QAM in downlink
16QAM in uplink
Direct tunnel
etc.
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New Features in HSPA+
64QAMModulation
TX RX
Tx Rx
MIMO
Channel
MIMO
= control plane
= user plane
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
Node-B
Direct tunnel in Rel 7
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Data Rate Evolution
Performance with 2x2 MIMO and 16QAM for Rel 7
With 2x2 MIMO and 64QAM for Rel 8LTE requires 20 MHz bandwidth for 173/58 Mbps
14 Mbps
0.4 Mbps
14 Mbps
5.7 Mbps
28 Mbps
11 Mbps
Downlinkpeakrat
e
Uplinkpeakrate
3GPP Rel5 3GPP Rel6 3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel8
42 Mbps
11 Mbps
173 Mbps
58 Mbps
HSPA+ LTE
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HSPA+ Features and Benefits
HSPA+ is not only about the peak data rates!
Extended battery time
Continuous connectivity
Peak data rate improvements
Continuous Packet Connectivity(DTX/DRX)
CS voice over HSPA
HS-FACH, HS-RACH
Cell throughput and typicalthroughput improvements
System capacity, E2E andarchitecture efficiency
64QAM DL, MIMO2x2, MC-HSDPA, 16QAM UL
Flexible RLC in DL and UL
SRNS Relocation Enhancement,Enhancement for HSPA Arch.
Faster set-up times
3GPP Rel7/Rel8 item Impact on end userexperience
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LTE
LTE = Long Term Evolution
Part of 3GPP Release 8
Only packet switched
Intend to coexist with existing 2G/3G/HSPA networks
Major changes to: Air interface
Network architecture: SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
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LTE Principles
Flat Overall Architecture
2-node architecture
All-IP
Simplified protocol structure
Improved Radio Principles peak data rates [Mbps ]: 173 DL , 58 UL
Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
Short latency: 10 20 ms
OFDMA
Direct tunnel
Internet
Evolved Node B
MME S-GW/
PDN-GW