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Take a sheet from front table and do the “K” portion of the K-W-L: Germs and “W” if possible. Use complete sentences.
K-W-L: Germs
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3-2-1 Answer in complete
sentences 3- learned yesterday in class 2- surprised you 1-question
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Mission Pledge: As part of HMS I will seek to create a positive learning environment in which all students will excel today, tomorrow, and forever.
Check YourselfThe __________ is a barrier that prevents many pathogens from entering your body. Antigens Skin Pathogens Cilia
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• Pathogens are all types of disease-causing organisms.
• The Immune System is a complex group of defenses that fight against pathogens.
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• Your integumentary, respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems are first-line defenses against pathogens.
• The skin is a barrier that prevents many pathogens from entering your body.
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• Your respiratory system traps pathogens with hair-like structures, called cilia, and mucus.
• When you cough or sneeze, you get rid of many trapped pathogens.
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• Your digestive system has several defenses against pathogens—saliva, enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus.
• Hydrochloric acid in your stomach kills some bacteria and stops the activity of some viruses that enter your body on food.
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• Your circulatory system contains white blood cells that surround and digest foreign organisms and chemicals.
• If the white blood cells cannot destroy the bacteria fast enough, you might develop a fever.
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• Many pathogens are sensitive to temperature a slight increase in body temperature slows a pathogen’s growth.
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When tissue is damaged by injury or infected by pathogens, it becomes inflamed. Signs of inflammation include redness, temperature increase, swelling, and pain.
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• Antigens are molecules that are foreign to your body.
• An antibody is a protein made in response to a specific antigen.
• The antibody attaches to the antigen and makes it useless.
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• Active immunity is when your body makes its own antibodies in response to an antigen.
• Passive immunity is when antibodies that have been produced in another animal are introduced into your body.
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• When a pathogen invades your body and quickly multiplies, you get sick. Your body immediately starts to make antibodies to attack the pathogen.
• After enough antibodies form, you usually get better.
• Some antibodies stay on duty in your blood, and more are produced rapidly if the pathogen enters your body again.
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• A vaccine is a form of an antigen that gives you immunity against a disease.
• A vaccine only can prevent a disease, not cure it.
• Vaccination is the process of giving a vaccine by injection or by mouth.
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Lymphatic system – rids the body of excess water and works with the immune system.
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The lymphatic system is made up of lymph, lymphocytes, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, thymus, and the spleen.
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The thymus makes lymphocytes which are a type of white blood cell found in lymph.
Lymph nodes filter out microorganisms and foreign materials that have been taken up by lymphocytes.
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Tonsils keep harmful microorganisms from moving past your throat and the spleen filters the blood by removing worn out and damaged red blood cells.
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Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil Thymus Lymph Nodes Lymph Vessels Tonsils Spleen