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3.2 CELL PARTS
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CELL BOUNDARIES Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Function: Surrounds cell Allows only specific things things in and
out (homeostasis)
Fact: Selectively permeable – allows water and
nutrients to in, waste out Made of phospholipids
Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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CELL BOUNDARIES Cell Wall
Function: Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra
support and protection
Fact: Made of cellulose in plants
Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes (plants)
1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall
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ORGANELLES Specialized structures only found in
eukaryotic cells Each organelle has a specific function
that is necessary to the life of the cell
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CELL CONTROL Nucleus
Function: Controls the organelles Contains DNA – gives instructions for
making proteinsFact:
“Command center” or “brain” of the cell Most prominent structure
Found in: Eukaryotes Nucleus
Nucleus
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CELL CONTROL Chromatin
Function: Stringy DNA that contains all the genes of
an individual
Fact: Condenses to make Chromosomes in
nucleus
Found in: Eukaryotes
CHROMOSOME
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CELL CONTROL Nucleolus
Function: Makes ribosomes
Fact: Found inside the nucleus
Found in: Eukaryotes
Nucleolus
Nucleolus
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CELL CONTROL Ribosomes
Function: Uses information in DNA
to make proteins
Fact: Made of RNA Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Ribosomes
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CELL CONTROL Nuclear Envelope/Membrane
Function: Controls what enters/exits the nucleus
Fact: Surrounds the nucleus
Found in: Eukaryotes
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CELL CONTROL Centrioles
Function: Involved in cell reproduction –
makes sure each new cell has all DNA
Fact: Made from microtubules 2 are paired at right angles
Found in: Eukaryotes (animal cells)
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MICROCEPHALY
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CELL ASSEMBLY Cytoplasm
Function: Suspends/holds organelles Site of chemical reactions
Fact: Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
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CELL ASSEMBLY Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Function: Produces proteins
Fact: Covered with ribosomes Sends proteins to Golgi to be modified Helps moves molecules throughout cell
Found in: Eukaryotes
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CELL ASSEMBLY Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Function: Produces lipids (steroids) Detoxifies poisons
Fact: Sends lipids to Golgi to be modified Helps move molecules
throughout the cell
Found in: Eukaryotes
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CELL ASSEMBLY Golgi Apparatus
Function: Processes, packs, and releases proteins and
lipids Sends products to appropriate destination
inside/outside cell using vesicles
Fact: Works closely with ER Flattened stack of
membranes
Found in: Eukaryotes
Golgi
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HOW DO THE ORGANELLES WORK TOGETHER? Proteins made by the Rough ER get
sent to the Golgi Apparatus by vesicles (bubbles)
Golgi modifies the proteins & sends the updated proteins to the cell membrane by vesicles
The vesicles turn inside-out and release proteins outside cell
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CELL ASSEMBLY Vacuole
Function: Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs
Fact: Helps maintain homeostasis
Found in: Eukaryotes (plants have a
LARGE vacuole)
Vacuole
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CELL ASSEMBLY Lysosomes
Function: Uses enzymes to digest old organelles
and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses)
Fact: “Suicide sacs”
Found in: Eukaryotes
Lysosome
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TAY – SACHS DISEASE
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ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Chloroplast
Function: Capture light and convert
it to chemical energy (sugar) during photosynthesis
Fact: Glucose (sugar) is made
Found in: Eukaryotes (plants)
Chloroplast
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Mitochondria
ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Mitochondria
Function: Breaks down food into ATP
energy during cellular respiration
Fact: “Powerhouse” of the cell
Found in: Eukaryotes
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SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cytoskeleton
Function: Maintains the shape & supports the cell
Fact: Made of microfilaments &
microtubules Found throughout the
cytoplasm
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
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Microtubules
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SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cilia
Function: Movement of cells or fluids
Fact: Made from microtubules Short hair-like fibers
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
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SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Flagella
Function: Movement of cells
Fact: Long hair-like fibers
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Flagella
Cilia
Cell Song
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ANIMAL VS. PLANT Animal Cell Plant Cell
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ANIMAL & PLANT COMPARISON
Have centrioles No chloroplasts No cell walls
Cell Video
Do not have centrioles
Have chloroplasts Have cell walls
Animal Cells Plant Cells