Now let’s view 2 videos to help us understand how enzymes work in our bodies.
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__enzyme_action_and_the_hydrolysis_of_sucrose.html
What is What is that?that?
I. ENZYMES:
A specialized type of protein
Function in our body: acts like a catalyst = substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but it is not used up in the reaction.
I. ENZYMES: Enzyme(s) reduce activation energy = amount of energy needed to begin a reaction
Coenzyme= an organic molecule associated with the enzyme to help in the reaction.
I. ENZYMES: Need an active site on the enzyme
Active site- attracts and holds only specific molecules called substrates.
o “Lock-and-key” system
I. ENZYMES: Therefore, enzymes enable
molecules called substrates to undergo a chemical change to form new substances, called products.
I. ENZYMES:
Active
Site
I. ENZYMES: Competitive Inhibitors = a
substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
I. ENZYMES: Could not survive without enzymes!
(almost all chemical reactions in cells require an enzyme)
o Speed up the reactions in:
1. Digestion of food
2. Synthesis of molecules
3. Storage and release of energy
I. ENZYMES: Enzymes are named for the
compound they work on.
You drop the current compound ending and replace it with –ase
I. ENZYMES: For example:
Lactose’s enzyme is lactase
Maltose's enzyme is maltase
Sucrose's enzyme is sucrase
Amylase (in your salvia)is the enzyme for starch
I. ENZYMES: 2 Factors that affect enzymes:
1. Temperature- To high temp. will denature (break apart) enzymes
2. pH
HOW DOES OUR BODY GET ENERGY FROM THE BREAKING DOWN OF
MOLECULES?
Energy is released when a chemical bond is broken!
II. NUCLEIC ACIDS: Complex polymer that stores
information in cells in the form of a code.
Basic building block: nucleotides, which consist of C, H, O, N, P
• These elements are arranged in 3 groups: nitrogen base, simple sugar, and a phosphate group.
II. NUCLEIC ACIDS:
2 types of nucleic acids:
1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains all the instructions for an organisms development…..AKA genetic information
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) forms a copy of DNA and is used for protein synthesis (production)