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Course of MT- 362 Material Handling
Part 5
M M Jan
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Overview of previous lecture• Bulk material handling
– Definition, examples, applications• Bulk material handling equipments
– Belt conveyer (Principle, uses/ application, types, material , design considerations)
– Bucket elevator/ bucket conveyer (Principle, types, applications)
– Screw conveyers (definition, principle, types etc.)– Vibratory conveyers (definition, working principle,
applications, advantages)– Material feeding and metering methods (uses,
devices)
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Bulk Material Handling
• Vehicle bulk conveyor systems– Such systems consist of conveyors that can
be moved easily so that they can be used for loading and unloading of bulk material from vehicles like
• Trucks• Rails• Aircrafts
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Bulk Material Handling
• Vehicle bulk conveyer systems– Consists of
• Conveyer systems (belts, rollers etc.)• Driving mechanism (motor, gears, pulleys etc.)• Control cabinet (electronics, sensors, transducers
etc.)• Transportation modes (wheel carriages, trucks
etc.)
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Vehicle bulk conveyer systems
Conveyer system
Electronics
Controls cabinet
Drive mechanism
Transportation mode
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Vehicle bulk conveyer systems
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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Marine handling equipments
– Those equipments which are used for handling of material related to sea or ocean
– These may include transportation to or from
• Directly from sea • From islands• Ships• Ports
– Marine equipments handling are also used in material stockyards
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Marine Bulk Material Handling
• Products associated with marine may include– Mining (coal, iron, sulfur, etc.) – Import export bulk materials (grains, wheat,
etc.)– Chemical plants (chemical processing)– Petroleum products– Food products– Ship breaking industries
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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Material handling equipments is
performed by– Cranes– Conveyers – Elevators – Rails – Containers– Lifters
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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Different stages in marine material
handling
Loading/ unloading Stacking
Conveyers Reclaimers
Wagon loading
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• Bulk material loading to ships
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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Loading/ unloading
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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Stacking
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• Reclaimers
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Marine Bulk Material Handling
• Conveyers
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• Wagon loading
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Packaged material handling• Packaged materials are those materials
that cab be easily packed in single units
• Few examples are– Food items– Medicines – Glassware– Industrial products– Electronics
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Packaged material handling
• Pallets and palletizing operations– These are unit load formation equipments– The objective is to use recyclable material for the
product containers– Such material handling consist of
• Boxes• Cartons • Crates • Totes• Bags • Packets
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Packaged material handling
• Pallets – Pallets are probably the most common platform for
moving unit loads. – Perhaps the most obvious area of concern associated
with the use of pallets today involves cost and quality – Poor quality pallets annually cost industry billions of
dollars in the form of • Product damage, • Lost productivity, and • Damaged handling
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Packaged material handling• Pallet construction
– A pallet consist of • Top deck/ slat• Bottom deck/ slat• Blocks• Stringer board (support/ connector)• Plates • Guide ways for fork liter forks• Guide ways for hand-trucks forks
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Packaged material handling
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Packaged material handling
• Pallet construction– Size of pallet is specified by its depth (i.e., length of its
stringers or stringer boards) and its width (i.e., length its deckboards)—pallet height (typically 5 in.) is usually not specified
– 48 × 40 in. (1200 × 1000 mm) pallet is most popular in the US (27% of all pallets—no other size over 5%) because its compatibility with railcar and truck trailer dimensions; e.g., the GMA (Grocery Manufacturers of America) pallet is four-way and made of hardwood
– 1200 × 800 mm “Euro-Pallet” is the standard pallet in Europe
– Single-face pallets are sometimes referred to as “skids”
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Packaged material handling• Pallet material
– A key decision affecting the overall life cycle cost of pallets is the materials used in their manufacture
– The pallet materials include• Wood• Pressed wood fiber• Corrugated fiberboard• Plastic • Metal
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Packaged material handling
Wooden palletsCorrugated fiberboard
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Packaged material handling
Pressed wood fiber pallets
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Packaged material handling
Plastic pallet Metal pallet
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Packaged material handling
• Advantages of using different material pallets– Wooden pallets are sold each year than any
other type due to the versatility, low cost, biodegradability and recyclability of this material
– Pressed wood fiber is a combination of wood fibers and organic resins which eliminates the need for nails and enables the molding of pallets into more space efficient designs
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Packaged material handling• Advantages of using different material
pallets– Disposable, corrugated fiberboard pallets can be
made of recycled paper materials and provide a light weight, low cost alternative for one way shipping when loads do not need to be stored outdoors
– Durable plastic and metal pallets may provide the low cost alternative over the full pallet life cycle despite their high initial cost
• Both of these materials are recyclable, can be sanitized for clean applications, and can be used in the most demanding applications
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Packaged material handling• Some of the tradeoffs associated with
different pallet construction materials
medicines
agriculture
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Packaged material handling
• Palletizing – It is the process of stacking the product to
form a unit load– Palletizing operation may be through the
following methods• Manual • Automated /robotic
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Packaged material handling
• Manual palletizing
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Packaged material handling
• Automated/ robotic method
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Packaged material handling• Pallet positioner
– It is a tool which fulfills the ergonomics requirements of an operator
– It consist of a turn-table, drive mechanism, damping system and control device
– It can be operated • Manually• Hydraulically • Motorized
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Packaged material handling• Pallet positioner