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The Quest for Gender Equality
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Background Misogyny
› The hatred of women Gender inequality created by the
perception that females are inferior in intelligence and strength
1900 only New Zealand permitted women to vote
Feminism› advocating equal social, political, and
economic rights for men and women
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Statistics
Women make up 50% of the world population
Women contribute nearly 66% of working hours (housework included)
Women receive only 10% of the world’s income
Women own less than 1% of the world’s property
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Virginia Woolf Early 1900s A Room of One’s Own
› Lesbian themes› Feminist themes
Equal opportunity for education and economic advancement were more important than right to vote
Women must achieve independence from men
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Women and WWII WWII provided jobs and
financial independence for many women
Simone de Beauvoir, 1949, The Second Sex› “Myth of femininity” –
the false and disempowering idea that women are preordained to be subordinate to men
› Women as “the other sex”
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The 1960s Betty Friedan (1963),
The Feminine Mystique› American society had
brainwashed women to prefer the role of wife and mother
› Attacked Freud’s view of women as failed men
› Encouraged women to seek careers outside the house
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The 1960s National
Organization for Women (NOW)
Sexual Revolution Birth Control
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Feminist Art
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Niki De Saint PhalleBlack Venus1965 – 1967Painted Polyester
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Judy ChicagoThe Dinner Party1974 – 1979Multimedia
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Ana MendietaTree of Life from the Silvetas series1977Color photograph
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Cindy ShermanUntitled #2761993Color Photograph
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Cindy ShermanUntitled #2241990$384,000Christie’s New YorkMay 17, 2007
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Barbara KrugerUntitled (“Your body is a battleground”)1989Photographic silkscreen on vinyl
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Robert MapplethorpeLisa Lyon1982Silver gelatin print