THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
ON THE STATES OF MATTER
THE THREE STATES OF MATTER ARE
ALL MATTER HAVE KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy allows the particles in
each state (solid, liquid and gas) to move Solids have little kinetic energy hence
they have a fixed shaped as the particles vibrate around a fixed point
Liquids have more kinetic energy and are able to take the shape of the container
Gases have the most kinetic energy and move around freely unless it is compressed (soft drink)
HOW DOES TEMPERATURE AFFECT THE STATES OF MATTER As temperature increases, kinetic
energy increases, so the particles move faster and in all directions (randomly)
Likewise if temperature decreases the particles lose kinetic energy and move less
SOME OF THE PROCESSES THAT CHANGE THE STATE OF MATTER INCLUDE
Melting Freezing Vaporization, boiling and evaporation Condensation/liquefaction Sublimation
MELTING (SOLID→LIQUID) This is the
physical change from solid to liquid when there is an increase in temperature.
The particles gain more kinetic energy and expand due to greater movement
Melting of ice caps due to increased temperatures
FREEZING (LIQUID→SOLID) This is the
physical change from liquid to solid when there is an decrease in temperature
The particles lose kinetic energy and move slower, hence solidifying
Making ice blocks
VAPORIZATION, BOILING AND EVAPORATION Vaporization is usually the transition
from solid or liquid state to the gas state with an increase in temperature.
Boiling, wherein the transition from liquid phase to gas phase takes place at or above the boiling temperature, and it occurs below the surface.
Evaporation, wherein the transition from liquid phase to gas phase takes place below the boiling temperature at a given pressure, and it occurs on the surface.
CONDENSATION/LIQUEFACTION Liquefaction is
the change from the solid or gaseous state to liquid
Condensation is the change from a gas to a liquid
Usually occurs with a decrease in temperature
When the air comes into contact with the cold surface of the glass it condenses
SUBLIMATION (GAS→SOLID) With a decrease in temperature the gas
molecules lose kinetic energy and turn into the solid state.
WATER CYCLE• Precipitation means water that falls to the ground
from the clouds in solid or liquid form
SUMMARY Temperature affects the state of matter
of a substance. An increase in temperature increases
the kinetic energy of particles which causes the particles to move apart and expand, occupying a larger area
An decease in temperature decreases the kinetic energy of particles which causes the particles to move less and contract, occupying in some cases a smaller area