Homework: Places, people, vocabulary page
156
Do Now: Did you ever move to a new town, or even a new house or school? How does a person feel when starting new somewhere? Describe the experiences. If you never experienced this, think about how you would feel if you did.
Monday, December 1, 2014
Tensions were growing between England and
Spain, especially when it came to colonization of the New World
England’s attempt to colonize North America and the English sea captains raiding Spanish ships for gold and silver angered the Spanish king greatly
Tensions on the Rise
Francis Drake was one of the noteworthy
captains in England. He had raided a Spanish ship on a trip around the world and brought back gold and silver
This made him a hero in England, but Spain needed retaliation
In 1588, King Phillip decided to attack England by assembling the Spanish Armada
The Last Straw
A huge fleet of war ships (Armada is the
Spanish word for fleet)
With 130 ships carrying 30,000 soldiers and sailors, the Spanish were confident of a victory
Spanish Armada
Homework:
Map Adventure page 159 Page 162 1 & 2
Do Now: What was the Spanish Armada? Review your notes from yesterday
Tuesday, December 2, 2014
The English navy had some important
advantages
The ships were smaller and moved faster with more powerful guns
Of the Spanish Armada’s 130 ships, only about 60 made it safely back to Spain
Now, England could turn their attention back to colonies in North America
English navy gets victory
In 1606, a group of merchants formed the
Virginia Company of London
They asked King James I for a charter to set up a colony in Virginia
The owners raised money by selling stock where each person would earn a profit if the colony was successful
The Virginia Company
In 1607, 3 English ships carrying about 120
colonists reached the eastern coast of Virginia
They traveled along a river which they named James River to honor the King
When they picked a spot to set up their colony, they called it Jamestown
What they thought would be a great land turned out to fail
The Jamestown Colony
Land was low and swampy
Air was full of disease-carrying mosquitos
River water was not healthy to drink
Almost as soon as they had arrived at Jamestown, many settlers began to die
Jamestown, not so great
No Homework
Do Now: Read pages 160-162)
Wednesday, December 3, 2014
Some Jamestown colonists were so focused on
finding gold that they neglected building shelter or planting food
By the end of their first year, only 38 of the first settlers were alive
John Smith was elected leader and made some changes
Gold in Virginia?
The colonists built houses and dug wells for
fresh water
Smith began trading with Chief Powhatan (the corn from the Powhatans helped keep colonists alive)
Things were peaceful between the colonists and the Powhatan people
Under Smith’s leadership
She was the young daughter of Chief
Powhatan who often visited Jamestown
John Smith later wrote that when he first met the chief, Smith was taken prisoner and 12 year old Pocahontas convinced her father not to kill him
Pocahontas
Smith returned to England in 1609
Without his leadership, the colony suffered
People died of hunger so often that this time became known as the “starving period”
The colony dwindled until England sent over new colonists with a new leader, Lord De La Warre
Without John Smith
Tobacco was native to the Americas and the
native people had shown early settlers how to plant and grow it
Tobacco became popular in Europe which helped make it Virginia’s first cash crop
Although the king did not approve, tobacco was rapidly being shipped to England
Tobacco helps Jamestown
Because tobacco popularity was growing so
quickly, farmers needed help
Thousands of English indentured servants began arriving in Jamestown
Between 1619 and 1622, many of the newly arrived indentured servants died of disease or overwork and mistreatment of their masters
Farmers needed help
Later, Africans were brought over and sold to
help the work effort
The marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas in 1614 helped maintain peace between the English settlers and the Powhatan people
Colony of Jamestown continues to grow
Homework: page 43 workbook
Do Now: Hand in Pocahontas paragraphs Read “You Are There” on page 164. Why is
Samual de Champlain looking for a specific river? What is he hoping to discover?
Wednesday, December 10, 2014
A French explorer who was part of an
expedition exploring the St. Lawrence River (present-day Canada)
The expedition was a search for the Northwest Passage (waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans making it easier to sail between Europe and Asia)
Samuel de Champlain
Champlain founded the French colony of
Quebec on the St. Lawrence River
Quebec was near forests full of beavers and beaver fur was very profitable
Quebec thrived and became a trading center
The French also founded Montreal, together this region became known as New France
Quebec and Montreal
1609, Dutch leaders sent English sea captain
Henry Hudson to search for a new water route to Asia
Hudson sailed up a river hoping it was the Northwest Passage, but when it proved to be too shallow for the boat to sail through, he claimed the land for the Dutch (known as New Netherland)
Dutch settlements
1624 – Dutch settlers began building the town
on Manhattan island
Here, the Dutch could control trade on the Hudson River, later making New Amsterdam the biggest most important Dutch settlement in North America
New Amsterdam
Chapter 5 test next Friday! If you will be away, you must take it early!
Do Now: take out last night’s homework (page 167 – letter to ruler)
Friday, December 12, 2014
Gain wealth
Spread their religion
Live on land of their own
Some came for religious freedom
Reasons to come to North America
England at this time had separated from the
Roman Catholic Church
They had their own church formed by King Henry VIII, but many felt it was too much like the Roman Catholic Church
Seeking religious freedom
A group became known as Separatists
because they wanted to separate from the Church of England
They often faced persecution
William Bradford was a leader of the group and decided to leave England to start a settlement of their own
Separatists
These colonists coming over to worship freely
became known as the Pilgrims A person who journeys for religious reasons
Bradford went to the Virginia Company and asked permission to live on the land of Virginia
He knew troubling times were up ahead
Pilgrims
September 1620 – about 100 Pilgrims crowded a
small ship called the Mayflower
This ship was pushed off course and landed in Cape Cod
John Smith had named this region New England
Once the Pilgrims arrived they chose a rocky harbor which they called Plymouth
The Mayflower
Before even landing the ship, the Pilgrims
decided to write a plan of government for their colony
Mayflower Compact This said “just and equal laws…for the general
good of the colony”
Planning Ahead
HAPPY THANKSGIVING!
Do Now: What led to the pilgrims leaving England?
Wednesday, November 27, 2013
In early spring, while the Pilgrims were at work
planting seeds, a Native American named Samoset walked onto their settlement and said “Welcome Englishmen!”
This meeting began a period of friendly relations between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag
A warm welcome
Samoset explained about another Native
American named Squanto He had been captured and sold into slavery in
Spain. When escaped he had gone to England and learned English
Later, Squanto came back to live with the Wampanoag. He acted as a translator when forming a peace treaty between the Pilgrims and Massasoit (Wampanoag leader)
Keeping Peace
Squanto and the Wampanoag continued to help by
showing how and where to hunt and grow corn
The Pilgrims decided to hold a celebration of thanksgiving.
Together, they feasted on deer, wild duck, lobster, fish, cornbread, pumpkin, squash, berries and wild plums.
The 3 day celebration included games and races
The First Thanksgiving