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Bonds of Water- strong› Can break into hydrogen ion (H+ ) and
hydroxide ion (OH- )
H2O H+ + OH-
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Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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Low concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions› Present in equal numbers› Water is neutral pH
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Properties of Acids› Corrosive
Burns your skin
› Sour taste Lemons, vinegar
› Turns blue litmus paper to red color Examples of Acids
› Carbonic Acid in soft drinks (i.e. soda)› Stomach Acid› Lemon Juice
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Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (OH- )
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Properties of Bases› Corrosive› Soapy feel› pH more than 7› Turns red litmus paper to a blue color
Examples of Bases› Bleach, some soaps, some cleaning agents› Ammonia› Seawater› Blood
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pH scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions
All solutions have a pH value between 0 and 14› Pure water, pH= 7› Acids, pH <7› Bases, pH>7
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pH Example
Acids 0 HCl
1 Stomach acid
2 Lemon juice
3 Vinegar
4 Soda
5 Rainwater
6 Milk
Neutral 7 Pure water
Bases 8 Egg whites
9 Baking soda
10 Tums® antacid
11 Ammonia
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pH meter