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- A review-The Effects of Anthropogenic Global Warming
on the Marine EcosystemK. Tadokoro*, T. Sugimoto, M. J. Kishi
*Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute
IPCC Fourth Assessment R
eport
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MotivationSchematic of the observed change in Ocean state.
IPCC (2007)
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Contents1: Each region
North PacificNorth AtlanticCoastal UpwellingPolar region
2: Acidification3: Future problems
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North PacificSalinity change
Temperature change (1955-2003)
IPCC (2007)
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The max. MLD in the winter
Winter NO3 in surface layer Freeland & Cummins. (2005)
North Pacific
Freeland et al. (1997)
Gulf of Alaska
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Ono et al. (2002)
Net community productionPO4
Feb.
Apr.
May
Jul.
Aug.
Feb.-Aug.
Apr.-May
May-Jul.Jul.-Aug.
North PacificOyashio
Feb.-Apr.
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Tadokoro et al. (submitted)
North Pacific
Transition
PO4 concentration & Neocalanus biomass
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Watanabe et al. (2005)
Subtropical
North Pacific
PO4 Chl-awinter summer winter summer
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Aoyama et al. (2008)East China Sea
North Pacific
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TransitionSubtropical
East China SeaOyashio
North PacificGulf of Alaska
Process of ecosystem change
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Temperature change (1955-2003)
North Atlantic
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North SeaPhenological change
Edward & Richardson (2003)
North Atlantic
Dinoflagellate Diatom
Photo
perio
d
Contro
l fac
tor
Tempe
ratu
re
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Temperature
Philippart et al., (2003)
Clam Macoma balthica
Time of spawning Phenological change
North SeaNorth Atlantic
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Distribution change
Perry et al., (2005)
North SeaNorth Atlantic
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Phenological changeDistribution changeNorth Atlantic
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Coastal Upwelling
Bakun (1990)
Enhancement of upwelling
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Goes et al., (2005)Snow cover decrease
Summer monsoon wind increased
Coastal upwelling enhance
Primary productivity increase
Monsoon current system
Coastal Upwelling
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Roemmich & McGowan(1995)
California current system
Coastal Upwelling
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Enhancement of upwelling Attenuation of upwelling
Coastal Upwelling
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Polar regionDecrease in sea ice in Antarctic
de la Mare (1997)
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Role of sea icePolar region
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Antarctic Krill decrease
Atkinson et al., (2004)
Polar region
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Emperor penguin decrease
Barbraud & Weimerskirch (2001)
Polar region
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AcidificationMany experimental studies suggested that the acidification by increasing atmospheric CO2 impact on calcareous organisms.
●Calcite organismsColoclithForam
●High magnesium calcite organismsEchinodermataCoralline algae
●Aragonite organismsCoralPteropod
Some study reported that the acidification also affect reproduction of non calcareous organisms such as copepod.
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Copepod (Acaria steueri)Mortality rate of nauplius
Kurihara et al. (2004)
Acidification
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Neocalanus transport 0.1Gton C year -1.15% of new production in the area.30% of CO2 emission of Japanese.
Harrison et al. (2004)
N. flemingeri
N. plumchrus
N. cristatusAcidification
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Future Problems
1 Primary productivity vs match/mismatch(North Pacific) (North Atlantic)
2 Effect to the upwelling ecosystem.
3 Global scale monitoring.
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Research of the yellow region is not so advanced.
Future Problems
Monitoring is need !