© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPascal Thubert 1
The Internet Sensory System
Pascal Thubert – IP Technology Center ([email protected])
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Sensors as a service feed
New Knowledge
Improve Productivity
Healthcare
Agricultural
Energy Saving (I2E)
Predictive maintenance
Industrial Automation Health
Smart Home
Defense
High-Confidence Transport and assets tracking
Intelligent Building
Smart Cities
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Agenda
Sensor-based services
Networking sensors
The fringe of the Internet
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Building automation
Today:Highly fragmented market
Limited to no IP/wireless
Dominated by BACNet (20%MS)
Lacking open infrastructure
Potential services: Remote Management
Energy savings
Regulation
Security
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Smart cities
Today:Slowing mesh networks development
Few applications
video-surveillance, municipal info
Potential services: Automation (watering)
Monitoring (pollution)
Energy/Water savings
Water leak detection
Traffic Regulation
Physical Security
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Home Automation
Today:Lots of wires
Some powerline
ISP presence (FT)
Potential servicesEnergy/Water savings
Home security
Home Safety
Remote healthcare
Telemetry / billing
Air quality monitoring
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Power grid
Emerging access technologyPowerLine (Networking) Communications
Broadband PowerLine
Low frequency (<kHz) applications for UtilityAutomatic meter reading
Load control
Energy balancing
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Converged network
Scalable Plug & Play
High Availability
Network virtualization
Open Standards (IPv6)
standard network abstraction and services
Plant / building / home network
Plant / building / home network
Direction
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IP to the Sensors
New services and applications
M2M, remote management
New Markets
Process Control for factories
Control and Automation
for home, building, cities
Larger Core Market
Open standards to the sensor
Lower cost
More connected devices and new applications
A wider Internet
Shaping the future
Internet of things
Think of VoIP as a model…
…but for a great many…
…of tiny devices, everywhere.
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Which Network for the M2M Generation?
Video SurveillanceFactory Sensors
Ubiquitous PnPNetworking
Vehicle to Vehicle
Business Drivers
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No Way to Extend the Internet Model There
The Requirements for M2M
Simple as power plugExtends the reach and the scale of the internet inside homes and factories
Safe vs. securedNot necessarily a trust model in place
Anonymity and innocuousness can suffice
I.e., tit for tat or credit-based
Access to local servicesDDNS, service discovery
Always reachableFrom everywhere as opposed to by everyone
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What Is Ad-Hoc?
• AutomatedSelf-forming, self-healing, self-optimizing
No network architects
• On-demandSelf centric
Scaling to self needs (usually limited)
Transient
Divergent (in and outs)
• But not necessarilyLocal (can be a wide area)
Unsecured (this is a policy matter)
Host to host like 802.11
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NCP Generation With:• All transmission groups to L2 peers• All physical units type 4 nodes, • All virtual routes
Router CLI With:• ID, keys.• All links to L2 peers• Routes are discovered—Single ‘GRID’
Router Only Knows “Self” With:• ID, certificates• Peers are discovered• Links are discovered• Routes are discovered—Infinity of self-centric networks
A Sense of History
Scale
SNA Subarea
IPv4 Routing
IPv6 Ad-Hoc
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The Routing Infrastructure Today
The InternetFully engineered
Hierarchical, aggregations, ASs, wire links
Fully distributed states
Shows limits (BGP tables, addr. depletion)
Reached adult size, mature to aging
IntranetsSame structure as the internet
Yet decoupled from the internetNAT, socks, proxies
First model for internet extension
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The Emerging Fringe of the Internet
802.11s mesh networksFixed ad-hoc radio access
Getting pervasive (citywide)
Mobile ad-hoc networkingDynamic and contextual edge
Mobile ad-hoc reachability
Network mobilityMobile global reachability
Wide area ad-hoc networks overlaid on the infrastructure by route projection
The Fringe Does Not Leak into the Routing Infrastructure
56
78
CB
1
32
A4
A’s Home
B’sHome
MANETMESH
NEMO
Fixed Wired Infrastructure
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We Might Be at the Eve of Pervasive Networking, a Vision for the Internet Where Every Person and Every Device Is Connected to the Network in the Ultimate Realization of Metcalf's Law
Towards Pervasive Networking
A new model to scale the internet with self and group-centric abstractions of the network on-demand routing overlaid on the current IP infrastructure
Self-forming, self-healing networks, self-aware nodes
With no prior knowledge of the transient peers and links in some tit for tat, anonymous and innocuous cooperation
Always reachable nodes By the precious few with the relevant needs and rights enjoying
unrestricted mobility over wireless connectivity
Atomic networks with all the necessary application support
Support merging and splitting dynamically, interconnecting logical administrative domains within and in between nodes
And more
Integrating:
IPv6
MANET/ROLL
NEMO
Services
Applications
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The golden path
VisionSensors and actuators using Internet technology
That’s Billions of devices in the next 10 years
Innerving the skin if the Internet
Enabling new services and applications
StepsIPv6 for automation open standards (ISA100.11a)
IPv6 for Low power and lossy networks (6LoWPAN and ROLL)
Apply standards where needed (home, building, power grid)
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New applications pretty much every day … but …
The number of proprietary solutions has exploded: Z-Wave, Xmesh, SmartMesh/TSMP, … at many layers (physical, MAC, L3) and most chip vendor claim to be compatible with their own standard
Many non-interoperable “solutions” addressing specific problems (“My application is specific” syndrome)
• Different Architectures,
• Different Protocols
=> Prevents ubiquitous services and applications
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What ? A Layered architecture => flexible,
Where ? The End to End design principle,
How ? Separation of the networks from the services: IP indifferent to PHY and applications,
Why ? The Internet as a platform for innovation. No central gatekeeper exerting control over the Internet.
A few key design principles of the Internet
Source: Prepared statement of Vint Cerf - Feb ‘07
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Sensor networks will be made of a number of links: 802.15.4, Low Power 802.11, Low power Buetooth but also wired links
The solution MUST support a variety of links (IP) while understanding the links characteristics (use of abstraction layer).
IP provide an abstraction layer between the radio network technologies and the applications and services
A FUNDAMENTAL requirement