© 2004 EUROCONTROL TUNIS, 3-4 June 2004 1
Fundamentals of aFundamentals of aSafety FrameworkSafety Framework
Dr. Erik MerckxDr. Erik Merckx
EUROCONTROLEUROCONTROL
Head of Safety Enhancement Business DivisionHead of Safety Enhancement Business Division
© 2004 EUROCONTROL TUNIS, 3-4 June 2004 2
Safety Regulation Safety Management- ATM regulation - Achieve- Independent view - Assure- Establish rules - Promote- Monitor !
Pan- Safety Regulation EUROCONTROLEuropean Commission Agency
National Civil Aviation Air NavigationAuthority (MoT) Service Provider
JAA/EASA co-ordination for Airborne regulations
Safety Framework : SeparationSafety Framework : Separation
© 2004 EUROCONTROL TUNIS, 3-4 June 2004 4
Contents of this PresentationContents of this Presentation
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meand what does it do for me
The maturity of SMS in Eurocontrol member StatesThe maturity of SMS in Eurocontrol member States Cost of SafetyCost of Safety Cost of lack of SafetyCost of lack of Safety The need for European wide reporting of incidentsThe need for European wide reporting of incidents The European Strategic Safety Action Plan (SSAP)The European Strategic Safety Action Plan (SSAP)
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Safety from the CEO/DG PerspectiveSafety from the CEO/DG Perspective
The CEO or DG wants to be sure that the:The CEO or DG wants to be sure that the:
Services given to the Airlines are safeServices given to the Airlines are safe Government is satisfied with the safety levels of his Government is satisfied with the safety levels of his
organisationorganisation Regulator is satisfied with the safety levels of his Regulator is satisfied with the safety levels of his
organisationorganisation General Public believes that his organisation is safeGeneral Public believes that his organisation is safe Media are confident that the organisationMedia are confident that the organisation is safe is safe
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Safety from the CEO/DG PerspectiveSafety from the CEO/DG Perspective
The CEO or DG does not want :The CEO or DG does not want :
Überlingen, 1 July 2002
Linate, 8 October 2001
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Safety from the CEO/DG PerspectiveSafety from the CEO/DG Perspective
How does the CEO or DG know that the …. How does the CEO or DG know that the ….
Services given to the Airlines are safeServices given to the Airlines are safe Government is satisfied with the safety levels of his Government is satisfied with the safety levels of his
organisationorganisation Regulator is satisfied with the safety levels of his Regulator is satisfied with the safety levels of his
organisationorganisation ………… ……......
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Safety from the CEO/DG PerspectiveSafety from the CEO/DG Perspective
How does the CEO or DG know that …. How does the CEO or DG know that ….
The risk of an accident is as low as he wants it to The risk of an accident is as low as he wants it to be ( even if there has not been an accident for the be ( even if there has not been an accident for the last 25 years ) ?last 25 years ) ?
The risk of a serious incident is as low as he wants The risk of a serious incident is as low as he wants it to be ?it to be ?
He is being given the correct information about how He is being given the correct information about how safe his organisation is ? safe his organisation is ?
His organisation is getting better or worse in terms His organisation is getting better or worse in terms of safety ? of safety ?
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Safety from the CEO/DG PerspectiveSafety from the CEO/DG Perspective
How does the CEO or DG know …. How does the CEO or DG know ….
What the most important investments are to What the most important investments are to continue to provide safe services, or to improve continue to provide safe services, or to improve safe services ?safe services ?
Whether his organisation has the right quantity and Whether his organisation has the right quantity and quality of people ?quality of people ?
Whether people need training, advanced training, Whether people need training, advanced training, refresher training … ?refresher training … ?
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Safety from the CEO/DG PerspectiveSafety from the CEO/DG Perspective
The CEO or DG therefore needs …. The CEO or DG therefore needs ….
A reliable information system on safety, the A reliable information system on safety, the standards of which being as high as an accounting standards of which being as high as an accounting systemsystem
A system that covers all the work in his A system that covers all the work in his organisation that has an impact on safetyorganisation that has an impact on safety
A system that he can fully trustA system that he can fully trust A system that allows him to make correct decisions A system that allows him to make correct decisions
for the future of safety in his organisationfor the future of safety in his organisation
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Safety from the CEO PerspectiveSafety from the CEO Perspective
The CEO therefore needs a …. The CEO therefore needs a ….
A reliable information system on safety, the A reliable information system on safety, the standards of which being as high as an accounting standards of which being as high as an accounting systemsystem
A system that covers all the work in his A system that covers all the work in his organisation that has an impact on safetyorganisation that has an impact on safety
A system that he can fully trustA system that he can fully trust A system that allows him to make correct decisions A system that allows him to make correct decisions
for the future of safety in his organisationfor the future of safety in his organisation
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Management System ?Safety Management System ?
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Safety ManagementManagement System ? System ?
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Management Safety Management SystemSystem
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Management Safety Management System
Safety Culture Leadership Commitment to resources Balanced decisions People Management Willingness to learn Willingness to share expertise ……………….
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Safety Management System System
Methodology Documentation Regulatory Compliance Traceability Performance Indicators Measuring Progress Reviewing Processes ……………….
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Management Safety Management System
Safety Culture Leadership Commitment to resources Balanced decisions People Management Willingness to learn Willingness to share expertise ……………….
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
© 2004 EUROCONTROL TUNIS, 3-4 June 2004 18Source: Study by BELGOCONTROL, early 2002
Resources for a Corporate Safety Function as a % of total personnel
1,2%
0,3%0,2%0,4%
0,6%
0,2%0,5%
3,2%
0,8%
0,4%0,3%0,5%
1,5%
0,0%
0,5%
1,0%
1,5%
2,0%
2,5%
3,0%
3,5%
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Examples ofExamples of“Safety “Safety ManagementManagement System” Topics System” Topics
Resources: Corporate Safety Management FunctionResources: Corporate Safety Management Function
Average of3.5 - 4.5 FTE
per 1000
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
© 2004 EUROCONTROL TUNIS, 3-4 June 2004 19Source: Study by BELGOCONTROL, early 2002
Examples ofExamples of“Safety “Safety ManagementManagement System” Topics System” Topics
Resources: Corporate Safety Management FunctionResources: Corporate Safety Management Function
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
CorporateOperations
Engineering
Admin / FinanceSafety
Average of3.5 - 4.5 FTE
per 1000
CEO
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety “Safety ManagementManagement System” Topics System” Topics
Safety Culture and Leadership :Safety Culture and Leadership :
Promoting an non-punitive and open incident reporting culture : the Danisch example
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety “Safety ManagementManagement System” Topics System” Topics
Safety Culture and Leadership :Safety Culture and Leadership :
Airport hot spots in the AIP : the Belgian example
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety “Safety ManagementManagement System” Topics System” Topics
Safety Culture and Leadership :Safety Culture and Leadership :
Learning organisation: willingness to monitor safety performance and to discuss openly within the organisation, for the sake of lessons learnt and prevention purposes :
Willingness to share lessons learnt with other ANSP’s :
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
The French example: SCTA, “Bulletin Securite”
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety “Safety ManagementManagement System” Topics System” Topics
Safety Culture and Leadership :Safety Culture and Leadership :
ANSP’s work together to audit eachother’s safety activities and learn from eachother for safety improvement
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
The German (DFS), Austrian (Austrocontrol) and Swiss (Skyguide) example
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What is aWhat is aSafety Safety Management System System
Methodology Documentation Regulatory Compliance Traceability Performance Indicators Measuring Progress Reviewing Processes ……………….
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Safety Performance Indicators and Measuring Progress: Safety Performance Indicators and Measuring Progress: there is more to measure than “Airprox” :there is more to measure than “Airprox” :
Safety discussions and actions at senior management and Safety discussions and actions at senior management and directors’ meetingsdirectors’ meetings
Follow up of corrective actions coming from safety Follow up of corrective actions coming from safety surveys surveys
Voluntary safety occurrence reporting schemesVoluntary safety occurrence reporting schemes Interviews with ATCO’s and Maintenance Engineers on Interviews with ATCO’s and Maintenance Engineers on
their work and the issues as they see themtheir work and the issues as they see them
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Safety Performance Indicators and Measuring Progress: Safety Performance Indicators and Measuring Progress: there is more to measure than “Airprox” :there is more to measure than “Airprox” :
Measuring the participation to, quality of and effectiveness Measuring the participation to, quality of and effectiveness of Refresher Courses ( vs. number and type of incidents)of Refresher Courses ( vs. number and type of incidents)
Measuring the involvement from all stakeholders in safety Measuring the involvement from all stakeholders in safety cases (engineers, ATCO’s, airport, airline, …)cases (engineers, ATCO’s, airport, airline, …)
Measurement of the systematic use of safety cases in all Measurement of the systematic use of safety cases in all ANSP activities: hardware changes, software changes, ANSP activities: hardware changes, software changes, changes in airspace design, changes in SID’s, changes in changes in airspace design, changes in SID’s, changes in ATCO manning, ….ATCO manning, ….
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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What is aWhat is aSafety Safety Management System System
Methodology Documentation Regulatory Compliance Traceability Performance Indicators Measuring Progress Reviewing Processes ……………….
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
The methodology of an SMS can be based on a Quality The methodology of an SMS can be based on a Quality Management System (QMS )Management System (QMS )
An SMS can, together with a QMS, be part of an overall An SMS can, together with a QMS, be part of an overall Management SystemManagement System
In a number of countries, the ISO 9001 model is used as In a number of countries, the ISO 9001 model is used as the basis for an SMSthe basis for an SMS
But a QMS is not a SMS!!But a QMS is not a SMS!!
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Using an ISO 9001 model for an SMS, one would Using an ISO 9001 model for an SMS, one would start by making an inventory of:start by making an inventory of:
1. All the key processes in the company that have an 1. All the key processes in the company that have an effect on the quality of the services that are given effect on the quality of the services that are given ( example: one of the key processes is how to do ( example: one of the key processes is how to do ATS without traffic delays )ATS without traffic delays )
2. Identify from above all the key processes in the 2. Identify from above all the key processes in the company that have an impact on the safety of the company that have an impact on the safety of the services that are given (example: one of the key services that are given (example: one of the key processes is how to do ATS without risk of incidents processes is how to do ATS without risk of incidents and accidentsand accidents ) )
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
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Risk Assessment New Systems
Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Examples of Key Processes with impact on safety:Examples of Key Processes with impact on safety:
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
Recruitment/Selection
Training
CompetencyChecks
Refresher/Advanced Training
Procedures Operational Processes
Interfaces ATS and CNS
CNS Maintenance Procedures
Emergency Procedures
Risk Assessment New ATC
Procedures
Risk Assessment Airspace Changes
Risk Assessment Software Changes
Incident Reporting
Incident Investigation
Lessons Learnt
Safety Surveys
and Follow-up
All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded
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Risk Assessment New Systems
Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Means of Compliance with ESARR’sMeans of Compliance with ESARR’s
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
Recruitment/Selection
Training
CompetencyChecks
Refresher/Advanced Training
Procedures Operational Processes
Interfaces ATS and CNS
CNS Maintenance Procedures
Emergency Procedures
Risk Assessment New ATC
Procedures
Risk Assessment Airspace Changes
Risk Assessment Software Changes
Incident Reporting
Incident Investigation
Lessons Learnt
Safety Surveys
and Follow-up
All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded
ESARR 3ESARR 3
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Risk Assessment New Systems
Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Means of Compliance with ESARR’sMeans of Compliance with ESARR’s
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
Procedures Operational Processes
Interfaces ATS and CNS
CNS Maintenance Procedures
Emergency Procedures
Risk Assessment New ATC
Procedures
Risk Assessment Airspace Changes
Risk Assessment Software Changes
Incident Reporting
Incident Investigation
Lessons Learnt
Safety Surveys
and Follow-up
Recruitment/Selection
Training
CompetencyChecks
Refresher/Advanced Training
ESARR 5ESARR 5
All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded
© 2004 EUROCONTROL TUNIS, 3-4 June 2004 33
Recruitment/Selection
Training
CompetencyChecks
Refresher/Advanced Training
Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Means of Compliance with ESARR’sMeans of Compliance with ESARR’s
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
Procedures Operational Processes
Interfaces ATS and CNS
CNS Maintenance Procedures
Emergency Procedures
Incident Reporting
Incident Investigation
Lessons Learnt
Safety Surveys
and Follow-up
ESARR 4ESARR 4
All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded
Risk Assessment New Systems
Risk Assessment New ATC
Procedures
Risk Assessment Airspace Changes
Risk Assessment Software Changes
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Risk Assessment New Systems
Risk Assessment New ATC
Procedures
Risk Assessment Airspace Changes
Risk Assessment Software Changes
Recruitment/Selection
Training
CompetencyChecks
Refresher/Advanced Training
Examples ofExamples of“Safety Management “Safety Management SystemSystem” Topics” Topics
Means of Compliance with ESARR’sMeans of Compliance with ESARR’s
What is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for meWhat is a Safety Management System (SMS) all about and what does it do for me
Procedures Operational Processes
Interfaces ATS and CNS
CNS Maintenance Procedures
Emergency Procedures
Safety Surveys
and Follow-up
ESARR 2ESARR 2
All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded
Incident Reporting
Incident Investigation
Lessons Learnt
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The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
Maturity of SMS Implementation in Maturity of SMS Implementation in EUROCONTROL ANSPsEUROCONTROL ANSPs
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
Maturity Scores of ANSPs, January 2003
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
Air Navigation Service Providers
Ma
turi
ty S
co
re %
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The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
Maturity of SMS Implementation in Maturity of SMS Implementation in EUROCONTROL ANSPsEUROCONTROL ANSPs
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
Maturity Scores of ANSPs, January 2003
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
Air Navigation Service Providers
Ma
turi
ty S
co
re %
35%
70%
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The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
Maturity of SMS Implementation in Maturity of SMS Implementation in EUROCONTROL ANSPsEUROCONTROL ANSPs
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
Maturity Scores of ANSPs, January 2003
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637
Air Navigation Service Providers
Ma
turi
ty S
co
re %
High Traffic Growth
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Observations on SMS Implementation Observations on SMS Implementation
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
Two Major ConclusionsTwo Major Conclusions
Implementation of Safety Management System (SMS) Implementation of Safety Management System (SMS) in most ECAC States still has a long way to goin most ECAC States still has a long way to go
A number of ANSP’s with low SMS maturity will have A number of ANSP’s with low SMS maturity will have an increased safety risk due to high traffic growthan increased safety risk due to high traffic growth
The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
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Observations on SMS Implementation Observations on SMS Implementation
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
Two Major Concerns – key inhibitorsTwo Major Concerns – key inhibitors
Leadership & CommitmentLeadership & Commitment ResourcesResources
Solving these issues is essential in making progressSolving these issues is essential in making progress
The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
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Observations on SMS ImplementationObservations on SMS Implementation
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
Other IssuesOther Issues
Data reporting and sharing: Yes, but……Data reporting and sharing: Yes, but…… Needs of Individual States are differentNeeds of Individual States are different Access to training in Safety Management is lackingAccess to training in Safety Management is lacking Technical Safety Issues confuse even the expertsTechnical Safety Issues confuse even the experts Effectiveness & Appropriateness: small organisations Effectiveness & Appropriateness: small organisations
struggle with one size fits all approachstruggle with one size fits all approach
The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
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Observations on SMS ImplementationObservations on SMS Implementation
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
The following features appear to have helped The following features appear to have helped progress:progress:
Starting early. At least 3-5 years are required for a Starting early. At least 3-5 years are required for a mature SMSmature SMS
An organisational culture that embraces proactive An organisational culture that embraces proactive leadership of Safety/Qualityleadership of Safety/Quality
The discipline of an ISO 9000 certified organisation.The discipline of an ISO 9000 certified organisation.
The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003
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Observations on SMS ImplementationObservations on SMS Implementation
Source: Study by AEA for EUROCONTROL, early 2003
The following features appear to have helped The following features appear to have helped progress (Cont’d):progress (Cont’d):
Regional or peer groups that share information and Regional or peer groups that share information and provide mutual assistance.provide mutual assistance.
Being close to EUROCONTROLBeing close to EUROCONTROL
The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003The maturity of SMS in EUROCONTROL member States, beginning 2003