double recirculation aquaponics system
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome…
Double Recirculation Aquaponics System
Sangita Aba KhatalRoll No. 20642
Division of Agricultural Engineering, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Population Soil degradation
Food security Water scarcity
Source – (Simon et al., 2015)
By 2050 global population is expected to reach 9.6 billion with more than 75% living in urban areas
Degraded land in lakh hectare
204.25
144.05
140.95
97.26
91.9480.93
Total geographical area is 328.7
million hectare
Degraded land area is
120.4 million hectare
Source- Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture
By 2030 almost half of the world will live under high water stress condition (FAO, 2014)
Soilless cultivation
Hydroponics
Aquaculture
Hydroponics
Aquaponics
Source – (David et al., 2015)
Indian scenario in aquaculture
Current fish production of India – 9.58 mtonnesSecond largest in fish productionAverage annual growth – 5.96% (marine-3.67 and inland-7.29)Contributes 0.83% to national GDP and 4.75% to agricultural GDP
Source-The handbook of fisheries statistics, 2014
Current status of protected cultivationCountry Total Greenhouse Area (Ha)
China 27,60,000Korea 57,444Spain 52,170Japan 49,049
Turkey 33,515Italy 26,500
Mexico 11,759Netherlands 10,370
France 9,620United States
8,425
Crop Area (mha)1. Total Area under
Horticultural Crops
19.24
2. Total area under Vegetables
7.49
3.4.
Area under Floriculture CropsArea under Fruit Crops
0.15
5.5
5. Area under Protected Cultivation
<.02
India
Source –Kacira, (2011)
Kacira (2011)
Hydroponics
Growing plants either on a substrate or in an aqueous medium with bare roots
Source - Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, 2014
No soil-borne diseases and pathogens because of sterile conditions
We can give optimal plant requirements leading to increased yields
Increased water- and fertilizer-use efficiency
Area efficient technology
Why hydroponics ?
Captive rearing and production of fish and other aquatic animal and plant species under controlled conditions
Methods:open water systems pond cultureflow-through raceways Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS)
Aquaculture
Source – FAO,2014
Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS)
The most efficient and water-saving technology in fish farming
Source – FAO,2014
Expensive waste -water treatmentIt can lead to
eutrophication and hypoxia in the watershed and
localized coastal areas
Overgrowth of coral reefs and other ecological and
economical disturbances
Problems of RAS
Source – FAO,2014
An effluent from aquaculture system is a sustainable, cost-effective and non-chemical source of fertilizer for plants
Organic food production
Sustainable agricultural practice
Why hydroponics should integrate with aquaculture ?
Aquaponics (Single Recirculation)Source – FAO,2014
Source – FAO,2014
Current Status and Challenges
Lower productivity
Fish and plant requirements do not always match perfectly
Restricted to grow plants with less nutrient requirement
Source– (Werner et al., 2015)
Double Recirculation Aquaponic System (DRAS)
Source – (Werner et al., 2015)
Material and methodsThey selected combination of Nile tilapia fish and Tomato plant
Used 1280 tilapia with total weight of 202kg
Stocking density ranging from 32.5-65.1 kg/cu.m
116 tomato plants were introduced after 3 days latter
Used nutrient film technology of hydroponics
Whole testing duration lasted from 6 march to 26 november
Fish production
243.3 kg 234.
1 kg
Tomato production
Average tomato yield =8.89 kg/plant
1005.62 kg
Water use
220.6 l of water is used for 1 kg of Tilapia and 1.67 kg of tomatoes
Total fresh water added = 132400 l (tap water = 94000 l and condensate gained water=38400 l)
Daily water used = 3.83 % of the total volume
Thus the net introduction of tap water = 2.72 %
Cumulative water use is 34059 lDaily water use is more in the month of june
Nutrient concentration
Total nutrient load from RAS to hydroponic system = 25.66 kg
To optimize growth conditions some mineral fertilizers were introduced to hydroponic unit
Fertilizer Quantity (kg)
Kristalon Spezial 0.80
CalciNit 0.75
KHCO3 0.08
K2HPO4 2.80
Optimum standardized fertilizer
All the CO2 released by the metabolism of fish is fixed by the tomato plants
Overall CO2 released = 778.4 kg
Tomato plant can fix 1339 Kg CO2
Net sink of 560.6 Kg CO2
Hence fostering sustainability
CO2 Balance
Findings
Total weight gain=600.1kg using 736.2 kg feed
Benefits
Fish feed provides most of the nutrients for plant growTwo agricultural products (fish and vegetables) are produced from one nitrogen source (fish food)Optimum use of fertilizers or chemical pesticidesLabour-savingArea efficient technologySustainable and intensive food production system
Limitations
Expensive initial start-up.
Knowledge of fish, bacteria and plant production is needed.
Mistakes or accidents can cause collapse of system.
Daily management is mandatory.
Requires reliable access to electricity, fish seed and plant seeds.
ConclusionAquaponics is a new , rapidly emerging, ecofriendly agricultural technology that can integrate RAS with hydroponics
This technology is efficient because it uses fish waste to feed the plants providing symbiotic environment for producing fish and plants
The DRAS allows integration of value added chains for water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide in a sustainable wayDRAS might provide the potential to increase not only sustainability but also the productivities of fish and plants
Thank You !!!