double layer bulletproof panel (piti sukontasukkul)
DESCRIPTION
Thailand Research Fund annual meeting 2013TRANSCRIPT
USE OF HIGH CONTENT CRUMB RUBBER FROM WASTED TIRE IN BULLETPROOF
CONCRETE PANELS
Piti Sukontasukkul, KMUTNB, Thailand
Sittisak Jamnam, KMUTNB, Thailand
Nemkumar Banthia, U of British Columbia, Canada
13th TRF Meeting, October 2013
Project Information
• Contract No. RSA 5480013
• Project Name: Development of High Performance Multi-Layer Bulletproof
Concrete Panel made of Rubberized Concrete and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
• Funding
– ทนพฒนาศกยภาพอาจารยรนกลาง สกว.2554
– ทนปรญญาเอกกาญจนภเษก สกว 2554
– ทนวจยรวมภาคอตสาหกรรม คณะวศวกรรมศาสตร มจพ • Status of the Project : Closed (1 and 3), On going (2)
• Output:
– 2 International journal papers (Construction and Building Materials, Materials and Structures)
– 3 International conference papers (CTU08-UK, ACF-Thailand and ICCS13-Japan)
– 3 National conference papers
Terrorist Threats in Thailand • Frequent terrorist threats in
the southern parts of Thailand.
• Riots in Bangkok due to political conflicts (three years ago).
Conventional Military Guard Post
• Sand bag or bamboo or wooden Structures
• Sandbag – Highly effective in
stopping bullet from penetrating and rebounding
– Slow installation
– Need to be replaced after being shot
– Poor UV and moisture resistance
Proposed Bulletproof Panel Double Layer: Rubberized and SFRC
• Front Layer: Rubberized concrete (5 mm)
• Back Layer: SFRC (25 mm)
• Objective:
By replacing part of the thickness with rubberized concrete layer to the front, it is expected that
– Panel is still able to stop bullet from penetrating.
– Weight of panel is reduced.
– Some kinetic energies could be absorbed by the rubberized concrete. The bullet may be stopped or bounce back at lower velocity.
Type Thick (mm) Material No. of
t1 t2 t1 t2 Spec.
R25 - 30 50%CRC - 3
R50 - 30 75%CRC - 3
R75 - 30 100%CRC - 3
S2 - 30 2%SFRC - 3
S3 - 30 3%SFRC - 3
S4 - 30 4%SFRC - 3
R50/S2 5 25 50%CRC 2%SFRC 3
R75/S2 5 25 75%CRC 2%SFRC 3
R100/S2 5 25 100%CRC 2%SFRC 3
R50/S3 5 25 50%CRC 3%SFRC 3
R75/S3 5 25 75%CRC 3%SFRC 3
R100/S3 5 25 100%CRC 3%SFRC 3
R50/S4 5 25 50%CRC 4%SFRC 3
R75/S4 5 25 75%CRC 4%SFRC 3
R100/S4 5 25 100%CRC 4%SFRC 3
T1
T2
Rubberized Concrete
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Concrete mixed with Crumb Rubber (Rubberized Concrete)
Abandoned Tires Dumpster Fire Risks Breeding ground for insects and rodents
Sort out the grind-able parts
Mechanical grinding process
Sieving process Final product
Properties of Rubberized Concrete
Concrete mixed with crumb rubber
• Low strength and highly elastic.
• Highly effective in absorbing impact energy.
• Superior sound absorption
• Light weight
Fiber Reinforced Concrete • Excellent impact resistance • Ability to maintain integrity
and minimize flying debris under impact
• Preventing penetrating and minimizing flying debris but does not stop bullet from ricocheting.
• Heavy-density similar to plain concrete – Concrete 2.5 t/cu.m – Sand 1.7 t/cu.m
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Time (uSec)
En
erg
y (
N-m
)
Plain concrete@250mm
0.5%CP@250mm
0.5%FE@250mm
0.5%HE@250mm
1%HE@250mm
Test Setup
Technical Information
Caliber 9mm Lugar
Bullet Weight 115 grains (7.45 grams)
Bullet Style Full Metal Jacket
Case Type Brass
Ballistics Information:
Muzzle Velocity 1190 fps 362 m/s
Muzzle Energy 362 ft.lbs. 492 N.m
Failure Patterns: Plain Concrete
Spalling: Broken
pieces completely
flying out
Flexural
Cracks
Scabbing
Failure Patterns: Single Layer SFRC
Scabbing
Spalling: broken
pieces still intact
Failure Patterns: Single Layer Rubberized Concrete
Perforation
Perforation
+ Spalling
Failure Patterns Double Layer Plate
หน า หลง
ร ปท 5 การว ต อง นคอนกร ต 2 น ยท ว ป
หน า หลง
Penetration
& Scabbing
Spalling crack
with broken
pieces intact
Bullet Penetrating
in but stop at the
surface
Spalling crack
with broken
pieces intact
Contact Surface
2%SFRC
11 mm. 9 mm.
3%SFRC
38 mm. 43 mm.
38 mm. 43 mm.
42 mm. 36 mm.
42 mm. 36 mm.
SFRC-Single Layer
RBC75%
11 mm. 9 mm. RBC100%
11 mm. 9 mm.
CRC-Single Layer
50R/2S
11 mm. 9 mm.
50R/3S
11 mm. 9 mm.
หน า หลง
Bullet Penetrating
in but stop at the
surface
Spalling crack
with broken
pieces intact
Double Layer Plate
Failure Patterns Summary Type Failure Type Classification
R25 Perforation not pass
R50 Perforation not pass
R75 Perforation not pass
S2 Scabbing pass
S3 Scabbing pass
S4 Scabbing pass
R50/S2 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R75/S2 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R100/S2 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R50/S3 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R75/S3 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R100/S3 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R50/S4 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R75/S4 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
R100/S4 Penetrating+Scabbing pass
Pass = Bullet does not penetrate through the thickness
Typical Acceleration Res. SFRC (9 mm)
Typical Acceleration Res. Double Layer (9 mm Bul.)
Comparison Single Layer Plate Double Layer Plate
Responding time: Slower in Double layer plate
Acceleration Value: Lower in Double layer plate
Center Acc. vs. Rubber content Double-layer plate
1,053.38
785.21
579.81
819.33
759.05
526.22
864.41
602.97
389.40
735.98
432.51
353.43
-
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
SFRC2% SFRC3% SFRC4%
Acc
eler
atio
n (m
2 /s)
0% Crumb Rubber
50% CR (0.5/2.5)
75%CR (0.5/2.5)
100%CR (0.5/2.5)
Bullet Type vs. Center Acceleration
81
9.3
3
75
9.0
5
52
6.2
2
86
4.4
1
60
2.9
7
38
9.4
0
73
5.9
8
43
2.5
1
35
3.4
3
62
8.4
2
55
4.8
4
45
1.3
4
73
8.4
5
50
6.4
7
45
2.3
1
64
8.2
2
35
5.2
8
54
6.5
2
-
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
1,000.00
50
R2
S (0
.5/2
.5)
50
R3
S (0
.5/2
.5)
50
R4
S (0
.5/2
.5)
75
R2
S (0
.5/2
.5)
75
R3
S (0
.5/2
.5)
75
R4
S (0
.5/2
.5)
10
0R
2S
(0.5
/2.5
)
10
0R
3S
(0.5
/2.5
)
10
0R
4S
(0.5
/2.5
)
Acc
ele
rati
on
(m
2/s
)
9 mm.
11 mm.
Displacement (9 mm.)
SFRC 2% SFRC 3%
50RS2 50RS3
Summary Displacement
Type
Center
Displ. (mm)
%
Comparison
Spec. Weight
(kg)
D/W ratio
(mm/kg)
S2 0.46 100 11.52 0.040
S3 0.44 100 11.18 0.038
S4 0.42 100 11.14 0.036
R50/S2 0.35 76 11.15 0.031
R75/S2 0.28 61 11.68 0.025
R100/S2 0.25 54 11.30 0.022
R50/S3 0.39 89 11.16 0.035
R75/S3 0.37 84 11.02 0.033
R100/S3 0.32 73 11.57 0.029
R50/S4 0.37 88 11.16 0.033
R75/S4 0.33 79 10.95 0.030
R100/S4 0.28 67 10.74 0.026
Conclusions
• Crumb rubber is one of the best solutions to reduce waste from discarded tires. It is used in this study to enhance the efficiency of the bulletproof concrete panels.
• Because of its ability to dissipate energy, the rubberized concrete layer is partially replaced the front layer of the SFRC plate. The results are successfully shown that the rubberized concrete layer is able to act as a cushion layer and absorb the impact energy from the bullet test as seen by the decreasing values of acceleration, displacement and D/W ratios.
Acknowledgement
• Thailand Research Fund (TRF)
• Golden Jubilee PhD. Scholarship Program, Thailand Research Fund (TRF)
• Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB