DOSSIER 4 – THE CONTEMPORARY PERIODChapter 2 – Economy & Development

ReviewEconomic development during the… Natives 10 000 BC – 1608 AD The French Regime 1608-1763 The British Regime 1763-1867 The Contemporary Period 1867-

Today

1867CANADIAN CONFEDERATION

http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1870

Economic Development since 1867

How did Canadian Confederation change the economic landscape? Canada was now an independent country In control of its own economic policies

What did John A. MacDonald have to promise certain provinces in order to join? A train connecting Canada from coast to

coast Certain economic/political freedoms

Canada’s Development – The Railroad

As the railroad progressed: More provinces started to develop out West

In order to stimulate growth inside Canada…what kind of economic policy do you think they used? Protectionist Policy Why? To make sure Canadian business

could grow It was called the National Policy

Economic Development During the 1800’s – Canada’s economy

was mostly based in what sector(s)? Primary: Fur, Timber, Fishing and

agriculture

Economic Development The Primary Sector:

In the 1800’s there was still a lot of famine This was mostly due to industrialization and

urbanization And the fact that people were working, but

times were rough 1930’s = the mechanization of farming 1940’s = electricity (everywhere) 1950’s = electrical appliances!

THE MECHANIZATION OF FARMING

1930

AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT - 1930

19401950

Economic Development The Primary Sector (cont’):

Agriculture began to diversify Number of farms Size of Farms Productivity of the farms also increases Used to be a FAMILY business – now run as

small/medium sized businesses what is a COOPERATIVE?

Economic Development The Primary Sector (cont’):

Forestry – still offering lots of employment New natural resources are developed Mining:

Nickel, gold, zinc, silver and copper in Abitibi-Témiscamingue

Asbestos in the Eastern Townships Iron in Cote-Nord Copper in Gaspésie

Economic Development The Secondary Sector

1800’s - Industrialization first affects light industries Leather, shoes, clothing, tobacco, food (butter, milk,

cheese, beer, sugar) etc. By the 1900’s – more export oriented industries

start to develop Pulp and paper, wood processing, newsprint Ore processing (aluminum, iron) Chemical production (oil refining) Transportation materials (especially for the railroads)

Economic Development The Secondary Sector

Since 1970 – the secondary sector has decreased

Mostly due to cheaper labour cost in places like Asia, Mexico and India

Economic Development The Secondary Sector

Hydroelectricity What is “potential?” The first hydroelectric stations were built in the

late 19th century The bigger projects started after the 1920’s But these projects were all privately owned

Shawinigan St-Maurice The Saguenay The Ottawa

Economic Development The Secondary Sector

Hydroelectricity In 1963 the Quebec Government nationalized the

electricity industry – why? Quebec became a world leader in hydroelectric

technology Although Quebec has attracted a lot of business

because of its cheap electrical rates…what are some of the consequences?

Flooding – environmental damage Native Rights – most of these projects are on their land!

Economic Development The Tertiary Sector

The tertiary sector has been growing since the 20th century

The creation of the “office worker” Consumption therefore retail A more socialist government? Increased Standard of Living? Also, after the 1950’s – more and more

women were becoming part of the work force.

Creating your own Graph

Activity # 5

Activity # 5 - Graphing Create your own graph

Using table 2.28 on page 78, create a graph that shows the changes in the various sectors from 1850 to 2000.

Make sure your axises are labelled correctly and that your graph has a title.

Then write up a short paragraph which discusses the shift with the sectors and how Canada has changed as a result.