doron broteyal cimet supervisor:yossi hipsh
DESCRIPTION
Department of Electrical Engineering High-Speed Digital Systems Laboratory. HS DSL. !. Detection of Cellular Activity Within A Defined Space Undergraduate Project – Final Presentation Spring 2008. Doron BrotEyal Cimet Supervisor:Yossi Hipsh. The Main Objective. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Detection of Cellular Activity Within A Defined Space
Undergraduate Project – Final PresentationSpring 2008
Doron Brot Eyal Cimet Supervisor: Yossi Hipsh
!
Department of Electrical Engineering High-Speed Digital Systems Laboratory
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The Main Objective
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• Detection and Positioning of Cellular Phone Activity In a Defined Space Where Cellular Use is Unwanted
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Main System Requirements
• Detection and Positioning of Transmitting Cellular Phone• Desired Spatial Resolution & Accuracy:• Required Temporal Resolution:• Compatibility with all Cellular Providers• Detection Regardless of Phone Orientation – Reception of
all Linear Polarizations• Ability to Handle Simultaneous Events• Ability to Distinguish Between Original Signal and Multi-path
Reflection
3
0.5 m
1 ms
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The Defined Space
4m
6m
8m
4m
0.5m
0.5m
6m
55
General Design Aspects
System RequirementImplied Design AspectCapacity for Real-Time Detection and Positioning
Performance-based Design, Focus on Algorithm Speed
Compatibility With All Cellular Providers
Wide-band Architecture, Modular Channel Design
Cellular Detection Without Breech of Content
Detection Based on Power
Detection of Short or Long Events (SMS vs. Voice)
Need for Direct Memory Access (DMA) and Storage
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System Operation Process
Sampling
Angle Measurement
Multi-path Filtering
Filtering of Dummy Origins
Origin Estimation
Idle / Trigger
Triangulation
Positioning
Storage
Start
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Preliminary Schematic
Front-End Overall Band
Receiver
Power Sensor
A/D Positioning Algorithm
Power SensorCircular-Polarized
Omni-Antenna
Display
CPUSampling
Circuit
CLK
Memory
Circular-Polarized Antenna(s)
A/D
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Angle Measurement• Multi-beam Arrays – MBA:
– Antennas Sensitive to Many Spatial Directions Simultaneously, Ideal for Angle Measurement
– DifferentialAngle Measurement
– Distance From Source Determines SignalStrength
1 2
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Angle Measurement (Continued)
1 2
Differential Zone
EstMax 10dBP
MaxP
The Differential Measurements from two Consecutive Beams Yields an Estimate of the Angle of Incidence
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Antenna 1 Antenna 2
x
y
,x y
Table
1 cot tan
cot cot
Lx
Ly
Hz
• Origin of Signal is Estimated Based on Angle of Incidence with 2 MBA Antennas and Table Height:
L
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Multi-path
• Reflections Received Simultaneously Must Be Filtered Out
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 x
y
,x y
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Possible Solution to Multi-path (1)
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 x
y
,x y
• Use of RF Absorbing Material
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Possible Solution to Multi-path (2)
• Development of Filtering Algorithm for Multi-path Reflections
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 x
y
,x y
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Solution Overview• Coverage of the Defined Space:
4m
6m
Area Split to Lower the Required Dynamic Range
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Solution Overview
• Antenna Setup –– 4 MBA’s, each with 6 directional beams– Each MBA is Comprised of 9 Narrow-Band Antennas
4m
6m
Beamo
Tot
o
oTotBeam
Ant
2arctan
2arctan 134
26.85
51
DH
L D
H
D
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Solution Overview• Cellular Spectrum
– Detection of all Cellular Providers Demands Reception of all Cellular Frequencies in Spectrum
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Solution Overview• Front-End Received Power
Trans Antenna Antenna2
min max minTrans Trans Antenna2max
40.1 W ;
8.56 W 20 dBm ; 9 10 dBm4r r r
P G A
P G AP P P
R
2Antenna Antenna Antenna 0.039 m2 2
cA D Df
4m
6m
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Solution Overview• Detection Regardless of Orientation of Cellular
Phone:– Circular-polarized Antennas Receive all
Linear Polarizations
• Layout of Circular-polarized Antenna– Two Linearly-polarized Antennas Coupled by a 90-
Degree Hybrid:
Coupler
o90 Circularly-Polarized Signal
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Final Design
90-Degree Hybrid
Frequency Multiplexer
Band 112 dB Amp BPF DCA Detector A/D
Band 2
Band 3
Band 9
Horizontal MBA
Vertical MBA
Omni-directional Antenna
12 dB Amp BPF Detector A/D
Digital Controller
(CPU)
Display
6 Beams
4 Antennas
A/D
Trigger
Front-End
Customized Filter to All 9 Bands
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Component Survey
• IPP-2036 90-Degree Coupler– Frequency Range: 800-2000 MHz– Maximum Input: 150 W– Insertion Loss: < 0.25 dB
• Preferred Amplifier: ZJL-4G– Frequency Range: 20-4000 MHz– Typical Gain: 12.4 dB– IP3: 30.5 dB– Noise Figure: 5.5 dB– Maximum Input: 20 dBm
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Component Survey
• Power Detector – ZX47-40+ – Dynamic Range: -40 to 15 dBm– Response Time:– Output Range: 0.5 – 2.1 VDC
• Criteria in Choosing a Detector:– Dynamic Range Fits the System Requirements– Response Time Sufficiently Small compared to
Typical Event Period
0.4 s
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Component Survey
• Sampling Hardware:– Sampler + A/D: Analog Devices AD-7999
Resolution: 8 BitSampling Rate: 140 KSpSNo. of Channels: 4Reference: Peak to Peak
• DCA: Digitally Controlled AttenuatorNormalizes the Input Power to the Dynamic Range of the Power Detector Based on the Measurement from the Omni-directional Antenna
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Proof of Feasibility
• A Simplified Experiment Demonstrating the Basic Principles of the System, Which Proves that the Suggested Implementation Works
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Original Schematic
90-Degree Hybrid
Frequency Multiplexer
Band 112 dB Amp BPF DCA Detector A/D
Band 2
Band 3
Band 9
Horizontal MBA
Vertical MBA
Omni-directional Antenna
12 dB Amp BPF Detector A/D
Digital Controller
(CPU)
Display
6 Beams
4 Antennas
A/D
Trigger
Front-End
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System Strip-Down
• Number of Antennas –
4m
6m
Successful Detection in One Half of the Room Proves Feasibility
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System Strip-Down
• Number of Beams –
4m
6m
6 Original Beam Directions Simplified Down to 2
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System Strip-Down
Original DesignSimplificationFull Cellular SpectrumOne Frequency
All Linear PolarizationsOne Polarization
Original HardwareMBA, Amplifiers and Hardware Included in Digitizing Scope
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The Minimal System for Proof of Feasibility(1)
Version Using HF Digitizing Scope
12 dB Amp
Horizontal MBA Antenna 1
Beam 1
Beam 2
Horizontal MBA Antenna 2
Beam 1
Beam 2
12 dB Amp
12 dB Amp
12 dB Amp
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4
Scope/CPU:
Agilent Infiniium DSO80204B
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Feasibility Experiment
Pos 1 Pos 2
1 [m]
1.8 [m]
2.3 [m]
H=1.7 [m]
H=2 [m]
H=2.6 [m]
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Version Using Power Detectors
12 dB Amp
Horizontal MBA Antenna 1
Beam 1
Beam 2
Horizontal MBA Antenna 2
Beam 1
Beam 2
12 dB Amp
12 dB Amp
12 dB Amp
Power Detector
Power Detector
Power Detector
Power Detector
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4
Scope
Regular Low-Frequency Scope
The Minimal System for Proof of Feasibility(2)
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Antenna Measurement SystemProtractor
Transmitting antenna
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4Scope:
Rotating table Antenna
Pulse Generator
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Antenna Measurements
Beam 1
Beam 2
Spatial Response of MBA [ dB ]
3 dB
12
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Antenna Measurements
Beam 1
Beam 2
Spatial Response of MBA [ dB ]
oTheory
Ant
o1 2
51 20.5
20
D
2 1
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Power Amplifier Measurement System
• The 2 Outputs will be compared to measure gain
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Amplifier MeasurementsAmplifier Gain vs. Frequency [ dB ]
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A Special Thanks to:• Yossi Hifsch Supervisor and Mentor
• Eli Shoshan For all the Support
• Bruriya Zochar For all the Help and Supplies
• The Entire HS DSL Staff
Questions ?