doors part ii

Flad Architects of 2 Flad Code Forum Notes : 21 July 2016

Flad Code Forum Notes 21 July 2016 1. Code Forums

a. Notes of past code forums are posted at : i. Flad Home Page / Resources / Codes / Forums / Year / Date of Forum.

b. This Code Forum : Doors : An Open and Shut Case (Part II) c. Additional information is contained in attached power point slides : PP-pages.

Doors : An Open and Shut Case (Part II) – Refer to PP-01 through PP-65 2. Fire Doors (FD) : PP-03 through PP-35

a. Fire-Resistance Ratings (FRR) : Assemblies + Systems + Opening Protectives i. Fire Doors = Opening Protectives

b. Fire Walls + Fire Barriers + Fire Partitions = FRR Assemblies i. All openings in FRR Assemblies must have protected openings (e.g. Fire Doors)

c. “Opening Protection” References d. Section 716 Opening Protectives

i. Fire Doors/Shutters/Windows in FRR Assemblies (1) Interior/Exterior walls required to be rated based on being load bearing are NOT

required to have protective openings. ii. Testing Standards

(1) Opening Protectives : NFPA 252/257 (2) Assemblies + Systems : ASTM E119/UL 263

iii. Classification Marks : fire door labels e. Use correct annotation

i. “1-Hour Wall” is incomplete A what is the wall’s purpose? ii. Wall’s purpose determines the FRR of the door

(1) 1FB (1-Hour Fire Barrier) requires a 0.75 hr door (2) 1FB in a Stairway requires a 1.0 hr door

iii. Why are FRR of doors < FRR of walls? (1) Combustible materials are kept away from these openings

f. IBC Table 716.5 i. Opening Fire Protection Assemblies, Ratings and Marking

(1) Fire-Resistance Rating (FRR) (a) Building element, component or assembly (b) ASTM E 119

(2) Fire Protection Rating (FPR) (a) Opening Protectives (b) NFPA 252 or UL 10C

g. Fire Door Types i. Side-hinged or pivoted swinging doors ii. Swinging elevator iii. Bottom and side-hinged chute intake doors iv. Top-hinged chute discharge doors

3. Smoke Doors (SD) : PP-36 through PP-45 a. No Hose Stream for SDs required in Corridors and Smoke Barriers (SB) b. No rating for SDs in Corridors in I-2 (Hospitals) c. Types of SD

i. Type 1 : Limit the transfer of smoke ii. Type 2 : Doors in smoke partitions iii. Type 3 : Doors in smoke barriers

Flad Architects of 2 Flad Code Forum Notes : 21 July 2016

iv. Type 4 : Fire door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers v. Type 5 : Doors in exit enclosures and exit passageways

4. Hardware for FD : PP-46 through PP-60 a. Self-closing

i. Doors that, when opened and released, return to the closed position. b. Automatic-closing

i. A device that causes the door or window to close when activated by a fusible link or detector.

c. Smoke-activated doors i. (11) conditions where doors must be automatic-closing by smoke detector actuation

d. Latching i. FDs require active latch bolt that will secure the door when it is closed.

5. Resources : PP-61 through PP-63 a. iDigHardware.com

T:\twyatt\Code\Code Forums\2016 0721\2016 0721 Code Forum Notes.docx

F L A D C O D E F O R U M

D O O R SAn Open and Shut Case

(Part II)

07/21/2016 Flad Code Forum : Doors (Part II) 1

O U T L I N E

PART ONE

I. References

II. Types of Doors

III. Size of Doors

IV. Elevation & Arrangement

V. Maneuvering

PART TWO

I. Fire Doors

I. Opng Protection

II. Testing

III. FRR Walls

II. Smoke Doors

III. Hardware (FD)


FIRE DOORS


Fire-Resistance Ratings (FRR)

• Assemblies– Beams, floors, roofs, columns, and walls and

partitions.

• Systems– Construction joint systems, through-penetration

firestop systems, electrical circuit protective systems and duct assemblies.

• Opening Protectives– Dampers, fire doors, glazing and related equipment.

– Used to protect openings in fire-resistance-rated assemblies.


FRR Assemblies

• FIRE WALL. A fire-resistance-rated wall having

protected openings, which restricts the spread of

fire …

• FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall

assembly of materials designed to restrict the

spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.

• FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials

designed to restrict the spread of fire in which

openings are protected.


“Opening” Definitions

• IBC does not define “Opening”

– “Opening” = (813) references in IBC

– “Opening Protection” = (85) references in IBC

• “The act or an instance of becoming open or being made to open.”

• “An open space serving as a passage or gap.”

• “An unfilled job or position; a vacancy.”

• “A breach or aperture.” = Doors & Windows


“Opening Protection” References

• EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives …

• FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an opening protective will maintain the ability to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 715. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes.

• SELF-CLOSING. As applied to a fire door or other opening protective, means equipped with an device that will ensure closing after having been opened.



SECTION 909 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

909.5 Smoke barrier construction

909.5.2 Opening protection.

Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated by the

required controls for the mechanical smoke control system. Door openings shall be protected by

fire door assemblies complying with Section 716.5.3.

Exceptions:

3. In Group I-2, where such doors are installed across corridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors

without a center mullion shall be installed having vision panels with fire protection-rated glazing

materials in fire protection-rated frames, the area of which shall not exceed that tested. The

doors shall be close-fitting within operational tolerances and shall not have undercuts, louvers or

grilles. The doors shall have head and jamb stops, astragals or rabbets at meeting edges and shall

be automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 716.5.9.3. Positive-latching

devices are not required.



1022.4 Openings.

Interior exit stairway and ramp opening

protectives shall be in accordance with the

requirements of Section 716.

3002.1.1 Opening protectives.

Openings in hoistway enclosures shall be

protected as required in Chapter 7.


716 Opening Protectives

• 716.5 Fire door and shutter assemblies

• 716.6 Fire-protection-rated glazing

– “Fire windows” = Assembly

– Includes glass-block assemblies

• Fire Doors/Shutters/Windows

– Installed in Fire-Resistance-Rated (FRR) assemblies :

• Fire Walls (FW), Fire Barriers (FB) & Fire Partitions (FP)

• Exterior Walls (EW) required to be rated

– NOT for rated EWs because of load-bearing requirements


716 Opening Protectives

• Fire Doors/Shutters/Glazing

– NFPA 252

– NFPA 257

– UL-10A

– UL-14B

– UL-14C

• FRR Bldg Construction

– ASTM E 119

– UL 263


Fire Doors/Shutters/Glazing

• NFPA 252– Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies

• NFPA 257– Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block

Assemblies

• UL-10A– Standard for Tin-Clad Fire Doors

• UL-14B– Standard for Sliding Hardware for Standard,

Horizontally Mounted Tin-Clad Fire Doors

• UL-14C– Standard for Swinging Hardware for Standard Tin-

Clad Fire Doors Mounted Singly and in Pairs


ASTM E119

Fire Tests of Building Constructions• Widely accepted test standard.

– Mock up of the entire assembly is built against the gas furnace and burned.

– Assembly must prevent the passage of open flames and heated gases into the protected side for the predetermined time.


• What it does– Benchmark to measure the fire resistance

of building assemblies

• What it does NOT do– Does not predict fire performance of

structural connections

– Does not predict durability of fire-resistance materials

UL 263Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

• Fire-rating certifications based upon test method and acceptance criteria.

• Ratings are expressed in minutes or hours – 20/45/60/90/120/180 minutes

• Applicable to – Floor-ceilings

– Roof-ceilings

– Beams

– Columns

– Walls and partitions



• Access-type Fire Doors (GSOT)

• Bullet-resisting-type Fire Doors (GSOX)

• Chute-type Fire Doors (GSPR)

• Curtain-type Fire Doors (GSQX)

• Dumbwaiter-type Fire Doors (GSRV)

• Freight-elevator-type Fire Doors (GSST)

• Freight-elevator-type Fire Door Retrofit Parts (GSSZ)

• Passenger-elevator-type Fire Doors (GSUX)

• Rolling Steel Fire Doors (GSVV)

• Service-counter-type Fire Doors (GSWT)

• Sliding-type Fire Doors (GSXV)

• Special-purpose Fire Doors (GSXZ)

• Swinging-type Fire Doors (GSYX)

• Finishers of Fire Doors (GSZC)

• Swinging-type Fire Door Retrofit Parts (GSZG)

• Swinging-type Fire Doors, Positive-pressure Tested (GSZN)



• Access-type Fire Doors (GSOT)– single-swinging steel doors with frames

• Rolling Steel Fire Doors (GSVV)– Interlocking galvanized or stainless steel slats, bottom bar, wall guides, barrel assembly,

automatic-release device, governor, and counterbalance mechanism

• Swinging-type Fire Doors (GSYX)– doors swinging in pairs in the same direction and double-egress doors swinging in opposite

directions

• Swinging-type Fire Doors, Positive-pressure Tested (GSZN)– Category A Doors

• A fire door that does not require the addition of other components, such as edge seals, to comply with positive-pressure requirements.

• It also includes doors that have been prepared with edge seals in the manufacturing process.

– Category B Doors• A fire door that requires the addition of an edge seal to comply with the positive-pressure

requirements.

• Sliding-type Fire Doors (GSXV)– Composite, hollow-metal, metal-clad, sheet-metal and tin-clad


UL 263 - Classification Marks

3 h ratings (180m)"Fire Door for Opening in Fire Wall“

"A"

1-1/2 h (90m) and 1 h (60m)"Fire Door for Opening in Vertical Shaft“

"B"

3/4 h (45m)“Corridor and Room Partition“

"C"

1-1/2 h (90m)"Fire Door for Opening in Exterior Wall,“

"Fire Shutter for Opening in Exterior Wall“

"D"

3/4 h (45m)"Fire Door for Opening to Exterior Fire Escape“

"E"


UL 263 - Classification Marks

• Temperature-Rise Rating

– Temperature rise developed on the unexposed surface of the door after the first 30 min of fire exposure.

• 250°F, 450°F or 650°F

– Doors with glass lights >100 sq in. are not eligible for a temperature-rise rating.


Labeling Fire Doors

• Why?– IBC 716.5.7 Labeled protective assemblies.

• Fire door assemblies shall be labeled by an approved agency. The labels shall comply with NFPA 80, and shall be permanently affixed to the door or frame.

• Approved agency : established and recognized agency regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services when such agency has been approved."

• Who?– Initial : Manufacturer

– Field (Re-label) : Accredited agent

• Frames– Required to have a label

– Fire protection rating not required


UL : Fire Door Assemblies and Fire

Window Assemblies

Opening Protective No. AA-#-### where :

• "AA" = Type of opening protective

• "#" = Wall type in which the opening

protective is installed

• "###" = Sequential identification number


"AA" = Type of opening protective

AC - Access doors

BR - Bullet-resisting-type fire door assemblies

CH - Chute-type fire door assemblies

CU - Curtain-type fire door assemblies

DW - Dumbwaiter-type fire door assemblies

FE - Freight elevator fire door assemblies

PE - Passenger elevator fire door assemblies

RS - Rolling steel fire door assemblies

SC - Service-counter-type fire door assemblies

SL - Sliding-type fire door assemblies

SA - Special-purpose-type fire door assemblies

SN - Swinging-type fire door assemblies – (ANSI/UL 10B, "Fire Tests of Door Assemblies")

SP - Swinging-type fire door assemblies – (ANSI/UL 10C, "Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies")

WA - Window assemblies


Correct Annotation

“1-Hour Wall”

The FRR of a wall is only

part of the equation.

What is the PURPOSE of

the wall?

FW, FB, FP, SB, SP, HA ???

“Cement Pond”

Cement is part of the

admixture to make

concrete.


PURPOSE of the FRR Wall

Assembly Door Rating

4 FW/FB 3.0

3 FW/FB 3.0

2 FW/FB 1.5

1 FB 0.75

Stair/Exit Passageway/Shaft

2FB 1.5

1FB 1.0

Assembly Door Rating

1FP 0.75

0.5FP 0.33

Corridor FPs

1FP 0.33

0.5FP 0.33

1SB 0.33


PURPOSE of the FRR Wall

• Area of fire door assembly openings is limited to 156 sf unless the buildings on each side of the Fire Wall are sprinklered throughout.

• Aggregate width of openings on any floor level cannot exceed 25% of the overall length of the Fire Wall.


NFPA 80 : Annex K

K.4 Despite the provision of protection specified in this standard, walls with openings have less fire resistance than unpierced walls.

Fire doors, shutters, and fire windows are designed to protect an opening under normal conditions of use, with a clear space on both sides of the opening.

Where the opening is not used and combustible material is piled against the door, window, or shutter, the designed protection cannot be expected. For that reason, combustible material should be kept well away from openings.

Where a door or window opening is no longer in use, the opening should be closed, with construction having a fire resistance rating equivalent to that of the wall.


Performance Requirements

• Fire Protection Ratings : Table 716.5

• Max Temperature Increase

– Unexposed side < 450 degrees F after 30 minutes

– Section 716.5.5

• Doors in FPs (Corridors) & Doors in SBs

– Meet smoke & draft control : UL 1784

– Section 716.5.3.1


IBC TABLE 716.5OPENING FIRE PROTECTION ASSEMBLIES, RATINGS AND MARKING




Non-corridor walls : Dwelling Unit/Sleeping Unit separation walls,

Tenant separation walls in malls, Elevator Lobby separation walls.


FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING.

The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability

to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both, as

determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703.

(ASTM E 119)

FIRE PROTECTION RATING.

The period of time that an opening protective will maintain the ability to confine a fire

as determined by tests prescribed in Section 715. Ratings are stated in hours or

minutes.

(NFPA 252 or UL 10C)

Installing fire-resistance-rated glazing in a fire-protection-rated frame is not sufficient when a fire-resistance-rated assembly is required – the materials must be successfully tested as an assembly.


716.5 Fire door and shutter assemblies

Approved fire door and fire shutter assemblies shall be

constructed of any material or assembly of component

materials that conforms to the test requirements of Section

716.5.1, 716.5.2 or 716.5.3 and the fire protection rating

indicated in Table 716.5.

Fire door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both shall

be permitted in accordance with Section 716.5.6.

Fire door assemblies and shutters shall be installed in

accordance with the provisions of this section and NFPA 80.


Fire Door vs. Fire Door Assembly


Fire Shutter vs. Fire Shutter Assembly


FD Assembly Types

• Side-hinged or pivoted swinging doors

– Section 716.5.1

– Testing : NFPA 252 or UL 10C

• Other Types

– Section 716.5.2

• Swinging elevator

• Bottom and side-hinged chute intake doors

• Top-hinged chute discharge doors

– Testing : NFPA 252 or UL 10B


SMOKE DOORS




UL 1784, Air Leakage Tests of Door AssembliesLimit for air infiltration is 3 cfm per square foot or less

as tested at a pressure of 0.10 inch of water (0.02

m3/(s · m2) or less as tested at a pressure of 0.02 kPa)

FD Assembly Types

• F/S Door Assemblies in Corridors & Smoke Barriers

– Section 716.5.3

– Testing : NFPA 252 or UL 10C (No Hose Stream)


FD Assembly Types

• F/S Door Assemblies in Corridors & Smoke

Barriers

– Section 716.5.3 : 20 Minutes (0.33 Hours)

– Exceptions

1. Viewports 1” diameter

2. Corridor door assemblies in I-2 = NO Rating

3. Corridor door assemblies in Multiplex = NO Rating

4. Horiz Sliders in SB in I-3


Types of Smoke Doors

1. Doors required to provide an effective barrier

to limit the transfer of smoke

2. Doors in smoke partitions

3. Doors in smoke barriers

4. Fire door assemblies in corridors and smoke

barriers

5. Doors in exit enclosures and exit

passageways


Type 1

Doors required to provide an effective barrier to

limit the transfer of smoke

– Typical Location

• Smoke partition corridor doors in Group I-2

– Fire Rating Required? No

– Closer Required? No

– Latch Required? Yes

– Gasketing Required? No


Type 2

Doors in smoke partitions– Typical Locations

• Atrium enclosures with automatic sprinklers on both sides of the glass

• I-2 care suites

• Elevator lobby in a sprinklered building

– Fire Rating Required? No

– Closer Required?• Yes (atrium & elev lobby)

• No (I-2 care suites)

– Latch Required?• Yes (I-2 care suites & elev lobby)

• No (atrium )

– Gasketing Required?• Yes (elev lobby)

• No (atrium & I-2 care suites)


Type 3

Doors in smoke barriers– Typical Locations

• Underground Buildings

• I-2 occupancies : Cross corridor double-egress doors

• I-3 occupancies

• I-1, Condition 2

• Ambulatory Care Facilities

– Fire Rating Required? No• Vision panels with fire-protection-rated glazing materials in fire-protection-rated frames

– Closer Required? Yes• Automatic-closing by smoke detection

– Latch Required? No

– Gasketing Required? No• Astragals or rabbets at the meeting edges

• Doors must be close-fitting within operational tolerances

• Maximum allowable undercut is 3/4”

• Doors must not have louvers or grilles.

• Frame stops are required at the head and jambs.


Type 4

Fire door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers

Typical Locations

• Corridors and smoke barriers with a fire-resistance rating

– Fire Rating Required? Yes

• Vision panels with fire-protection-rated glazing materials in fire-protection-rated frames

– Closer Required? Yes

• Self- or Automatic-closing


– Gasketing Required? Yes

• Meet the requirements for a smoke and draft control assembly tested in accordance with UL 1784 (maximum air leakage)


Type 5

Doors in exit enclosures and exit passagewaysTypical Locations

• Stair doors required to be fire-rated, and doors within the exit passageway connecting the stair to the exit discharge.

– Fire Rating Required? Yes• Temperature-rise in non-sprinkled buildings

– Closer Required? Yes• Self- or Automatic-closing


– Gasketing Required? No (but …)• Gasketing and a door bottom/sweep may be necessary in

order to maintain stair pressurization


HARDWARE (FD)


Hardware : Fire Doors

716.5.9 Door closing.

Fire doors shall be self- or automatic-closing in accordance with this section.

Self-closing chute intake doors shall not fail in a “door open” position in the event of a closer failure.

Exceptions:

1. Fire doors located in common walls separating sleeping units in Group R-l shall be permitted without automatic- or self-closing devices.

2. The elevator car doors and the associated hoistway enclosure doors at the floor level designated for recall in accordance with Section 3003.2 shall be permitted to remain open during Phase I emergency recall operation.


716.5.9 Door closing

Self-closing

– NFPA 80

• Doors that, when opened and released, return to the closedposition.

• Closing mechanism shall not have a hold-open feature.

• Examples

– Closers

– Spring Hinges

– Gravity



Automatic-closing

– NFPA 80

• A device that causes the door or window to close when activated by a fusible link or detector.

• Desirable that when buildings are unoccupied, these doors are closed.

• Examples

– A labeled, fail-safe door holder/release device

– Hold-open mechanism



Automatic-closing

– NFPA 80 : Fusible link or Detector?

716.5.9.3 Smoke-activated doors.

Automatic-closing doors installed in the following

locations shall be automatic-closing by the

actuation of smoke detectors … or by loss of

power to the smoke detector or hold-open device.


716.5.9.3 Smoke-activated doors

1. Doors installed across a corridor.

2. Doors that protect openings in exits or corridors required to be of fire-resistance-rated construction.

3. Doors that protect openings in walls that are capable of resisting the passage of smoke in accordance with Section 509.4. (Incidental Use Areas)

4. Doors installed in smoke barriers in accordance with Section 709.5.

5. Doors installed in fire partitions in accordance with Section 708.6.

6. Doors installed in a fire wall in accordance with Section 706.8.

7. Doors installed in shaft enclosures in accordance with Section 713.7.

8. Doors installed in refuse and laundry chutes and access and termination rooms in accor-dance with Section 713.13. Automatic-closing chute intake doors installed in refuse and laun-dry chutes shall also meet the requirements of Sections 716.5.9 and 716.5.9.1.1.

9. Doors installed in the walls for compartmentation of underground buildings in accordance with Section 405.4.2.

10.Doors installed in the elevator lobby walls of underground buildings in accordance with Section 405.4.3.

11.Doors installed in smoke partitions in accordance with Section 710.5.2.3.



1. Doors installed across a corridor.

2. Doors that protect openings in exits or corridors required to be of fire-resistance-rated construction.

3. Doors that protect openings in walls that are capable of resisting the passage of smoke in accordance with Section 509.4. (Incidental Use Areas)

4. Doors installed in smoke barriers in accordance with Section 709.5.

5. Doors installed in fire partitions in accordance with Section 708.6.

6. Doors installed in a fire wall in accordance with Section 706.8.

7. Doors installed in shaft enclosures in accordance with Section 713.7.

8. Doors installed in refuse and laundry chutes and access and termination rooms in accor-dance with Section 713.13. Automatic-closing chute intake doors installed in refuse and laun-dry chutes shall also meet the requirements of Sections 716.5.9 and 716.5.9.1.1.

9. Doors installed in the walls for compartmentation of underground buildings in accordance with Section 405.4.2.

10.Doors installed in the elevator lobby walls of underground buildings in accordance with Section 405.4.3.

11.Doors installed in smoke partitions in accordance with Section 710.5.2.3.


1) … across a corridor.


2) … exits or corridors … FRR.


4) … smoke barriers .


6) … fire wall.


Hardware : Fire Doors

716.5.9.1 Latch required.

Unless otherwise specifically permitted, single

fire doors and both leaves of pairs of side-

hinged swinging fire doors shall be provided

with an active latch bolt that will secure the

door when it is closed.


716.5.9.1 Latch required


Fire doors must be positively latched in order to withstand the pressures created

by the fire and compartmentalize the building to prevent the spread of smoke,

flames, and gases.

Active latch bolt = latch bolt of a lockset or fire exit hardware

Fire Door Hardware (UL)

GWGR . Guide Info

• Accessories for Single-point Locks and Latches and Fire-exit Hardware (GWVW)

• Auxiliary Locks (GWXT)

• Door Hinges (GWZQ)

• Electric Strikes (GXAY)

• Fire-exit Hardware (GXHX)

• Flush and Surface Bolts, Automatic Type (GXOW)

• Flush and Surface Bolts, Manual Type (GXSR)

• Flush and Surface Bolts, Self-latching Type (GXVV)

• Single-point Locks and Latches (GYJT)

• Electrically Controlled Single-point Locks and Latches (GYQS)

• Two- and Three-point Locks and Latches (GYXR)

• Elevator Fire Door Hardware, Passenger (GZKZ)

• Fire Door Hardware (GZYX)

• Fire Door Viewers (HAAU)


RESOURCES


iDigHardware.com

Articles published in industry journals

• Doors & Hardware

• Construction Specifier

• Life Safety Digest

• Locksmith Ledger

Topics

• Intro to Codes

• Accessibility

• Egress and Life Safety

• Electrified Hardware

• Fire Door Assemblies

• Health Care Facilities

• Safety Glazing

• School Security

• Miscellaneous


iDigHardware.com


Future (Possible) Topics

• Special Doors

– Revolving

– Gates

– Turnstiles

• Glazing

– Fire Windows

– Glazing in Fire Doors

• Door Hardware

– Locks & Latches

– Bolt Locks

– Panic Hardware

– Electromagnetic Locks

– Special Locking in I-2

– Delayed Egress

– Access Controlled Egress


F L A D C O D E F O R U M

T H A N K Y O U F O R

AT T E N D I N G


doors part ii

Design