door hardware & british columbia … - steve colepy...model codes: – national building code...
TRANSCRIPT
OVERVIEW
1. A Bit of History
2. Jurisdictions
3. The Objective Based Code Format
4. Applicability
5. Principles of Fire and Life Safety
6. Permits
HISTORY OF CODE DEVELOPMENT
Model Codes:– National Building Code (NBC)– National Fire Code (NFC)
Written by Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes (CCBFC)
Published by National Research Council First NBC: 1941 First NFC: 1965
HISTORY OF CODE DEVELOPMENT
Codes are re-issued approximately every five years Code cycle:
– Anyone can submit a proposal to change a code requirement
– Reviewed by CCBFC– Issued for public comment (anyone can comment)– Voted on by CCBFC– Adopted or rejected– New code issued
HISTORY OF CODE DEVELOPMENT
CCBFC– Members from across the country– Includes: Building and Fire Officials Consultants Contractors Manufacturers
– Matrix representation from various interest groups from all regions
NBC/NFC RELATIONSHIP
Companion Documents
Building Code applies to new construction
Fire Code applies to existing construction, fire prevention, and maintenance & testing
Same numbering system as National Building Code (NBC)
NFC has some requirements that must be ‘built in’
PROVINCIAL CODES
Each Province uses model codes to issue their own code We use:
– BC Building Code (BCBC)– BC Fire Code (BCFC)
Provincial Codes become law by passing of Provincial Legislation
Provincial Codes usually make changes to suit construction environment
PROVINCIAL CODES
For the first time, there was a concerted coordination effort between CCBFC and Provinces when developing the 2005 codes
Result is minimal changes from the model codes Biggest changes in BC are:
– Mezzanines– Barrier Free Accessibility
VANCOUVER BUILDING BY-LAW
Arises from Vancouver Charter Modeled on BCBC Some changes:
– Environmental Issues– Green Buildings– Secondary Suites– Sprinklers
JURISDICTIONS
2007 VBBL/VFBL– City of Vancouver only– Effective May 1, 2007
2010 NBC/NFC– Federal Lands in BC– e.g. First Nations, Transport Canada
2012 BCBC/BCFC– Everywhere else in BC– Effective December 20, 2012
NOW SPLIT INTO 3 DIVISIONS:– Division A Compliance, Objectives and Functional
Statements– Division B Acceptable Solutions– Division C Administrative
DIVISION A - Almost all new DIVISION B - Old Code with changes DIVISION C - Old Part 2
HOW TO COMPLY WITH THE CODE:1. Meet literal provisions of Division B,
OR1. Use an alternative solution that meets the objectives
and functional statements of Division A. Compliance Alternative 2 is what we used to know as
‘equivalencies’. Entire building does not necessarily have to comply with
Division A.
DIVISION A
PART 1: COMPLIANCE– Includes definitions
PART 2: OBJECTIVES PART 3: FUNCTIONAL STATEMENTS
DIVISION B
9 PARTS– Similar to old 1998 Code
PART 1– Reference documents, climatic data
PART 2– Reserved (Not used)
PART 3 – 9– Same as 1998 Code, now with revisions
DIVISION C
2 PARTS PART 1: ABBREVIATIONS PART 2: ADMINISTRATION
– Details of drawings– Documentation of alternative solutions
DIVISION A
1.3.3 APPLICATION OF DIVISION A, B AND C:– Division A + C: Applies to ALL buildings.– Division B: Same as 1995 NBC.
Parts 1, 7, 8: - All buildingsPart 9: - ≤ 600 m2
- ≤ 3 storeys- C, D, E, F2, F3
Parts 3, 4, 5, 6: - A, B, F1All big buildings
CODE CONCEPTS
KEY PHRASES:– “Limit the probability” – can’t completely eliminate
undesirable situations. (e.g. Fire)– “Unacceptable risk” - NBC can’t completely eliminate a
building risk.– “Acceptable risk” is what results from code compliance.
CODE CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVES:– Broad goals of Code.– Defines undesirable situations and their consequences
that the Code aims to avoid.– Qualitative statements.– Every code requirement must address at least 1
objective.– Can’t be used on their own.
CODE CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVES:– Safety (e.g. Guards and handrails)– Health (e.g. Washrooms, air quality)– Accessibility (e.g. Paths of travel)– Fire and structural protection (e.g. Ratings)
CODE CONCEPTS
FUNCTIONAL STATEMENTS:– More level of detail.– Interconnected with objectives.– Can’t be used on their own.– Can be multiple functional statements for a single
objective.– Describe conditions in a building that help satisfy an
objective.
PREAMBLE
APPLICATION STATEMENTS:– Describes what each Division B requirement applies to.– Highest level of detail.– Technically, not part of Code.– Available only on CD-Rom.
DIVISION A
PART 1: COMPLIANCE 1.2.1.1.(1) “Compliance with this Code shall be achieved
bya) complying with the applicable acceptable solutions
in Division B (see Appendix A), orb) using alternative solutions that will achieve at least
the minimum level of performance required by Division B in the areas defined by the objectives and functional statements attributed to the applicable acceptable solutions (see Appendix A).”
Key Sentence that links Division A and Division B.
DIVISION A
1.2.1.1 COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE– If you meet Division B, no need to use Division A.– Compliance with Division B is what we used to do under
the older Codes.– Division A compliance is used to be considered an
‘equivalency’, now an ‘alternative solution’.– For an alternative solution, must demonstrate that you
have met objectives and functional statements.– Each [most] requirement of Division B is assigned
which objectives and functional statements are applicable (Tables).
DIVISION A
1.2.1.1 COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE– Alternatives have to meet all applicable objectives and
functional statements.– Must demonstrate “as good as”, not “well enough”.– For complex solutions, may need to model a code
compliant solution to compare.– Intent Statements and Application Statements used to
define the applicability of a Division B requirement.– Will clarify “acceptable level of risk”.
DIVISION A
PART 2: OBJECTIVES– SAFETY (OS)– HEALTH (OH)– ACCESSIBILITY (OA)– FIRE + STRUCTURAL PROTECTION (OP)
DIVISION A
OS SAFETY– “An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that,
as a result of the design, construction or demolition of the building, a person in or adjacent to the building will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of injury.”
– Wording ‘typical’ for all objectives.– “Limit the probability” and “unacceptable risk”.– Addresses acceptable risks to safety of the occupants
(a person).– 5 Categories: OS1 – OS5.
FIRE SEPARATIONS
Definition: “a construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the spread of fire”
Standard ULC S101– Standard time temperature curve – Test representative sample in a furnace– Assigned time is time to failure
Basic Construction Features:– Continuity– Must have dampers (label)– Need self closing devices– Need latches– Hold open devices Okay in some circumstances (3.1.8.12) Release on 1st stage alarm Signage is good
– Don’t prop doors open
FIRE SEPARATIONS
MAINTENANCE
Maintain all elements in good working condition (BCFC) Fix holes Maintain doors and signs Requires diligence Don’t replace wired glass with clear glass, Lexan not rated
PIPES No limits on size of steel or copper pipes Restrictions on Plastic Pipe but no limit on sizes
DUCTS Need fire dampers in separations Welded steel required for kitchen grease ducts (NFPA 96)
SERVICE PENETRATIONS
CONDUIT No restrictions on metallic conduit Plastic conduit
– 625 mm2 max (1”diameter)– FT4 labeled
Okay if buried in concrete
EXPOSED COMMUNICATION WIRING FT4 & CMP Max 1”diameter bundle size
SERVICE PENETRATIONS
FIRE STOPPING
Use of listed assemblies Specific to product, penetrating items 2012 BCBC - cast in place or ‘tightly fitting’ Test to CAN/ULC S115, not ASTM Ratings:
Fire Separation Fire Stop0 hour 0 hour3/4 hour 3/4 hour1 hour 3/4 hour1 1/2 hour 1 hour2 hours 1 1/2 hour
FIRE STOPPING
Rating Classes:– F – Fire – T – Temperature rise on unexposed side– H – Hose station test at F time– L – Tested under simulated pressure difference across
assembly
FIRE STOPPING
Empty holes– not supposed to just fill with mortar (falls out in fire)
Existing cable trays– set fire stop systems ineffective– need replaceable systems – easier to maintain
Diligence required by all to maintain fire separations
BASIC CONCEPTS
Exit:– Rated enclosure– No services, no storage– Must always be accessible
Access to Exit – nearly everything else Travel Distance – path of travel to an exit Exit Capacity – minimum width required to get everyone
out in a reasonable period of time
EXIT STAIRS/ENCLOSURES
Exits are treated as ‘sacred’ in code No storage No services Max 25 flame spread rating Illuminated signage
DOORS & DOOR HARDWARE
Required ratings (fire protection rating)Fire Separation Door Rating3/4 hour 3/4 hour1 hour 3/4 hour1 1/2 hour 1 hour2 hours 1 1/2 hour
Must be self closing and positive latching in fire separations to overcome buoyant forces
Lever sets are standard (no knobs)
Panic sets – required on all exit doors Must have single handed, single action release
– Needs mortise sets for deadbolts– No storage function deadbolts
Releasable without keys or specialized knowledge (question of request to exit button being specialized knowledge)
DOORS & DOOR HARDWARE
MAGLOCKS
BCBC 3.4.6.16.(4):– Fire alarm release (2nd stage)– Power loss release– Remote release by manual switch– 15 second release upon actuation of door hardware– Manual reset after release (excludes authorized bypass)– Sign requirement on door
Can have request to exit buttons, but not as the only way of releasing door
Maglocks with 0 second delay are still subject to code requirements for maglocks
MAGLOCKS
Maglocks cannot incorporate latches or pins Electric strikes preferred – never impede passage in
direction of travel Public vs. Staff – no differences in code application Cannot be used to arbitrarily lock down doors Attempt to restrict access results in non-compliant
restrictions to egress routes
ELECTRIC STRIKES
Can be used in combination with card reader Must fail closed to ensure positive latching when in fire
separation Preferred over maglocks because they never restrict
egress, but achieve security into a room or space
SPECIAL CASES
Contained Use and Impeded Egress Zones (hospitals, jails) Can have maglocks without fire alarm release Required operation by key switch accessible to authorized
personnel
SERVICES IN EXITS
No openings except for exit doors (dampered ventilation openings)
Permitted services:– Standpipe and sprinkler piping– Electrical/mechanical that directly serve exit
Must separate all other services by shaft wall construction (not just furred)
OBSTRUCTIONS IN EXITS
Handrails can reduce width of exit by 100 mm (4”) on each side without penalty
Door swing - min 750 mm clear at landings Headroom - 2100 mm throughout exit
- 2030 mm at doors- 1980 mm for closers
Diligence and action when exit obstructions observed
2012 BC FIRE CODE
Article 1.1.1.1.: It is the owner’s responsibility to comply General Requirements:
– Maintain all fire separations as installed under BCBC Do not remove door hardware Fire stop penetrations Replacements only to BCBC
– Maintain exits per BCBC Hardware must be to BCBC (e.g. maglocks,
deadbolts) Do not permanently lock down doors or reverse
swing
PERMITS
Building Permit– Anytime you alter a fire separation, including doors– Virtually all mag lock installations
Electrical Permit– All electrical work, including low voltage
Alternative Solution– Egress routes effected– BC Building Code prescriptive requirements not being
met