door hardware

Flad Architects of 3 Flad Code Forum Notes : 25 August 2016

Flad Code Forum Notes 25 August 2016 1. Code Forums

a. Notes of past code forums are posted at : i. Flad Home Page / Resources / Codes / Forums / Year / Date of Forum.

b. This Code Forum will Discuss : Door Hardware c. Additional information is contained in attached power point slides: PP-pages. d. All code references are to the following editions :

i. “IBC” = 2012 International Building Code ii. “LSC” = 2012 NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

Door Hardware – Refer to PP-01 through PP-96 2. Hardware Overview : PP-03 through PP-10

a. Hardware Issues Not Covered b. Hardware include numerous categories of which only locks and latches will be covered. c. Hardware Jargon : it is important to have a rudimentary understanding of hardware

terms in order to confer well with the hardware specifier/supplier and the Owner. d. Section 08 7100 Door Hardware

i. Main section headings for this spec section. ii. Other related spec sections which reference hardware iii. Instructions for Flad Hdwr Sets

(1) Hwdr Sets (HW) based on 10-series (e.g. HW-40) 3. Code Philosophy : PP-11 through PP-18

a. Door hdwr must meet the (3) divergent requirements of Means of Egress, Security, and Accessibility.

b. Frequently, Owners put “security” first and do not understand how these decisions may not meet the “means of egress’ and/or the “accessibility” requirements. i. Example : Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

(1) Security concerns were placed above safety concerns. Result : multiple deaths c. 10 Commandments of Doors

i. In order to maximize safety, all 10 “commandments” should be met. ii. Each “commandment” has exceptions, however.

d. Occupancy i. Means of Egress requirements are largely based on the occupancy(s) of the building. ii. Occupancy is determined by the following :

(1) Occupants (a) Age

(i) Children : Education (K-12 schools) vs Adults : Business (College) (b) Ambulatory

(i) Patients vs visitors/staff) (c) Quantity

(i) Herd mentality = Panic (d) Awareness to their Surroundings

(i) Familiar (own home) vs. Unfamiliar (new museum) (ii) Altered consciousness : alcohol (Assembly – Nightclubs)

(2) Nature of Building Contents (a) Hazardous vs. Non-hazardous

(i) Level of hazard (ii) Quantity of hazardous materials

(b) Functions of spaces are different from Occupancy


iii. In order for a Hdwr Consultant to properly schedule the required hardware, he/she needs to have access to, at a minimum, the following information : (1) Occupancy (2) Occupant Loads (3) Means of Egress plan (4) Applicable Codes (IBC/LSC) & edition

iv. Access-Controlled Categories 4. Locks & Latches : PP-19 through PP-26

a. “Hardware” is included under the “Door Operations” section in the IBC b. Commandment #2 : All doors shall be readily openable.

i. “Hegress doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.”

ii. Exceptions (1) Places of detention or restraint. (2) In certain occupancies, the main exterior doors may be locked when the building

is not occupied. (3) Inoperable leaf on door pairs (4) Residential occupancies (e.g. security chain)

c. The fire protection chapter (Ch 9) of the LSC references (2) door actuation examples. 5. Deadbolts : PP-27 through PP-31

a. Types : Tubular (or Cylindrical), Rim (surface mount), and Mortise b. “H manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not permitted H”

i. Commandment #5 : All unlatching shall be one action with one hand. (1) These bolts are the 1st action, unlatching with the lever would be the 2nd.

ii. Commandment #8 : All doors shall be accessible (1) These bolts are typically too high or low to meet accessibility requirements.

iii. Exceptions (1) Individual dwelling/sleeping units (2) Inactive leaf of storage or equipment room (3) Inactive leaf in <50 occupant load spaces (Group B, F, and S) (4) Inactive leaf in sprinklered spaces (Group B, F, and S) (5) Inactive leaf in I-2 patient care rooms

6. Panic Hardware : PP-32 through PP-48 a. Where required?

i. Group H (occupant load >5, LSC only) ii. Group A or E with occupant load >50 (IBC) or >100 (LSC)

(1) Exception : Main entrance of Group A. iii. Electrical Rooms : 1200 amperes or more. iv. Daycare with occupant load >50 (LSC only).

b. Example : Flad Madison Office i. (2) Group A occupancies (Auditoriums & Library) ii. All required Means of Egress doors from these rooms to the Exit Discharge doors.

are required to have Panic Hardware. 7. Special Locking : PP-49 through PP-64

a. ”Special Locking Arrangements” – IBC vs LSC i. IBC : Limited to Group I-2 occupancy. ii. LSC : Section heading for delayed-egress, access-controlled, & elevator lobbies.

b. Special Locking i. IBC : Evolution from 2000 to 2015. ii. LSC : Verbiage changes only.

c. Clinical Needs i. IBC : lists (7) requirements for such doors.

(1) Only (3) of (7) are required if doors are in psychiatric departments.


ii. LSC : lists (5) requirements for such doors. (1) No exceptions for doors are in psychiatric departments.

8. Delayed Egress : PP-65 through PP-73 a. DE was initially added to the Codes to give Mercantile occupancies (e.g. retail stores)

time (15-30 seconds) in stopping shoplifters using an emergency exit door to leave with merchandise.

b. DE are allowed in all occupancies except Group A, E, & H i. A&E : Hear mentality = Panic ii. H : Level of hazard = no delay in exiting

c. DE Requirements i. IBC : (6) requirements ii. LSC : (5) requirements

9. Access-Controlled Egress : PP-74 through PP-82 a. ACE

i. Both ingress and egress is controlled by some type of entry system (key pad or card swipe).

ii. Not allowed for Group F, S, and H occupancies iii. Limited to “entrance doors”

b. ACE Requirements i. IBC : (6) requirements ii. LSC : (7) requirements

10. Accessibility : PP-83 through PP-95 a. All door hardware shall be accessible.

i. Commandment #8 : All doors shall be accessible. ii. Exceptions

(1) Hardware only used by service/maintenance personnel. (2) Hardware to access pools, spas, and hot tubs.

iii. Operation should not require tight grasping/pinching/twisting. (1) Thumbturns may or may not meet this requirement. (2) Closed fist is a good “test” but is not a requirement.

T:\twyatt\Code\Code Forums\2016 0825\2016 0825 Code Forum Notes.docx

F L A D C O D E F O R U M

D O O R H A R D W A R E

There must be some kind of way out of here

08/25/2016 Flad Code Forum : Door Hardware 1

O U T L I N E

I. Hardware Overview

II. Code Philosophy

III. Locks & Latches

IV. Deadbolts

V. Panic Hardware

VI. Special Locking

VII. Delayed Egress

VIII.Access Controlled Egress

IX. Accessibility


HARDWARE OVERVIEW


Hdwr Issues NOT Covered

• Emergency Rescue Hardware

• Powered Doors

• Stairway Doors

• Locks & Latches

– Mechanical

– Electrical

– Electromagnetic


Hdwr Issues NOT Covered

Hardware Categories

• Locks

• Latches

• Operating Trims

• Hinges

• Securing Devices– Self-Closers

– Automatic-Closers

– Hold-Open Devices

• Controlling Devices

• Protection Plates

• Gasketing and Thresholds

• Keying Systems

• Hardware Function

Hardware Functions

• Locksets w/o a Deadbolt– Classroom

– Institutional

– Office

– Passage

– Privacy

– Storeroom

• Locksets w/a Deadbolt– Apartment/Dormitory

– Classroom Security

– Storeroom

– Store Door

• Deadbolt Only– Deadlock

– Classroom Deadlock


Hardware Jargon

• Lockset– Hardware and components that

make up the locking and/or latching mechanism

– Defines a door's function and how a user could (or could not) access the two adjacent spaces defined by the opening associated with the lockset.

• Operating Trim– Lever, Push/Pull, Knob

• Latch– Latchbolt : spring-loaded bolt with an

angled edge


Section 08 7100 Door Hardware

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Hardware for doors.

B. Hardware for fire-rated doors.

C. Electrically operated and controlled hardware.

D. Lock cylinders for doors.

E. Thresholds.

F. Seals and door gaskets.

G. Gate locks.


Related Hdwr Requirements

• 08 3200 - Sliding Glass Doors

• 08 3613 - Sectional Doors

• 08 4229 - Automatic Entrances– Hdwr & Power operators

• 8 4233 - Revolving Door Entrances

• 08 4313 - Aluminum-Framed Storefronts

• 08 7129 - Sliding and Folding Door Hardware

• 08 4413 - Glazed Aluminum Curtain Walls– Hdwr for integral doors

• 08 4426 - Structural Glass Curtain Walls– Hdwr for integral doors

• 28 1300 - Access Control– Electronic access control

devices

• 28 3100 - Fire Detection and Alarm– Electrical connection to

activate door


Hardware Sets (Flad) : Instructions

How to use the hardware sets:

1. You are not preparing a detailed hardware schedule - that is the hardware supplier's job.

2. You are preparing instructions for the supplier -he/she is responsible for making sure that all hardware is included and coordinated.

3. The sets identify locking and closing only, because you don't want the hardware supplier to guess about that, and it is difficult to formulate rules for those two criteria.


Hardware Sets (Flad)

Swing Doors (HW-#X)– Not Requiring Key Locking

– Example : HW-1 : Push/Pull, Non-Fire-Rated

Sliding Doors (HW-SL-#X)- No Locking

- Example : HW-SL-1 : By-Passing Doors, Non-Fire-Rated

Swing Doors – “Store Door” Locking Function (HW-9X)

– Lockable, may be left unlocked, key not required to lock (HW-10s)

– Key required to lock, may be left unlocked (HW-20s)

– May not be left unlocked (HW-30s)

– Exit only, may not be left unlocked (HW-40s)

– Electrical Access Control (HW-50s)

– OPEN (HW-60s thru HW-90s)


CODE PHILOSOPHY

Door Hardware is a key element in providing for

(1) Means of Egress

(2) Security

(3) Accessibility

Conflict :

Security vs Safety


Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

• New York City (March 25, 1911)

• 146 Fatalities

– 123 women & 23 men

– 62 people died by jumping/falling from windows

• Factory on 8th - 10th Floors

– 10-story Bldg

• Owners locked the doors to the stairs

– A then-common practice to prevent workers from taking unauthorized breaks and to reduce theft


Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Number of Exits

• Buildings > 10,000 sf per floor = (3) Stairways required

• Asch Building : (2) Stairways + Fire Escape– The architect pleaded for approval of (2) staircases

Door Swings

• Factory doors open outward, if practical. – The architect claimed this design was not practical because each

landing was only one stair width from the door.

• All doors swung inward.

Means of Egress

• Aisles leading to exits were narrow and obstructed.


Results

• 1911 : NFPA published “Exit Drills in Factories, Schools, Department Stores, and Theatres”

• 1913 : NFPA formed “Committee on Safety to Life”.• Studied past fires involving loss of life

• 1914 : Committee issued 1st report– Special section on egress

– Statement that sprinklers can save lives,

– Preliminary specifications for outside fire escapes

• 1927 : NFPA published “Building Exits Code”

• 1966 : “BEC” changed to “Code for Safety to Life from Fire in Buildings and Structures”


10 Commandments of Doors (M of E)

I. All doors shall swing* in the direction of travel*.

II. All doors shall be readily openable.*

III. All doors shall be unlocked.*

IV. All doors shall latch.*

V. All unlatching shall be one action with one hand.*

VI. All unlatching shall be per mechanical means.*

VII. All doors shall remain closed.*

VIII. All doors shall be accessible.*

IX. All doors shall provide at least 32” of clear width.*

X. All doors shall be a maximum 48” wide.*

* Exceptions do apply


Code Philosophy


Least

Stringent

Most

Stringent

Group I-3

(Prisons) Group HGroup I-2

(Hosp/NH)

Groups

B, F, or S Group A

Group RGroup E

Group I-1 (ALFs)

Code Philosophy

• Is the door …

– in the Means of Egress?

– on an Accessible Route?

– required to have Panic Hardware?

• Life Safety info Hdwr Consultant needs …

– Occupancy

– Occupant Loads

– Means of Egress plan

– Applicable Codes (IBC/LSC) & edition


Access-Controlled Categories

• Delayed Egress Locks– Prevent egress for 15 seconds

• Access Controlled Egress Doors– Typically applied to entrance doors equipped with electromagnetic locks that do not have a

door-mounted device which unlocks the electromagnetic lock

• Controlled Access / Free Egress– Access control reader limits access, but the door hardware allows free egress at all times,

independent of the access control system.

• I-2 Special Egress Locks– Locking of egress doors in certain units within health care facilities, where the clinical needs of

those receiving care require such locking

• Electromagnetically Locked Egress Doors– Doors with electromagnetic locks which have a door-mounted release device, typically panic

hardware.

• Stairwell Doors Providing Reentry – Allow free egress to the stair at all times, and can be remotely controlled to allow access from

the stair side

• Elevator Lobby Doors


LOCKS & LATCHES


Locks & Latches - IBC

1008.1.9 Door operations.

1008.1.9.1 Hardware.

1008.1.9.2 Hardware height

1008.1.9.3 Locks and latches

1008.1.9.4 Bolt locks

1008.1.9.5 Unlatching.


Locks & Latches - IBC

1008.1.9 Door operations.

Except as specifically permitted by this section egress doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

• Use of a key : card swipe, keypad, or a tool

• Special knowledge = combo lock or hidden deadbolt

• Special effort = unusual and unexpected physical ability

Egress doors are permitted to be to be locked but must be capable of being unlocked and readily openable from the side of egress.


Locking Doors - IBC

1008.1.9.3 Locks and latches.

Locks and latches shall be

permitted to prevent

operation of doors where any

of the following exists ….


Locking Doors - IBC


Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exists:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S, and in places of religious worship, the main exterior door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided:

2.1. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked;

2.2. A readily visible durable sign is posted on the egress side on or adjacent to the door stating: THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN BUILDING IS OCCUPIED. The sign shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a contrasting background; and

2.3. The use of the key-operated locking device is revocable by the building official for due cause.


Locking Doors - IBC



3. Where egress doors are used in pairs, approved automatic flush bolts shall be permitted to be used, provided that the door leaf having the automatic flush bolts has no doorknob or surface-mounted hardware.

4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies having an occupant load of 10 or less are permitted to be equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain, provided such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or tool.

5. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures.


Locks & Latches - LSC

7.2.1.5 Locks, Latches, and Alarm Devices. 7.2.1.5.1 Door leaves shall be arranged to be opened readily from the egress side whenever the building is occupied.

7.2.1.5.2* The requirement of 7.2.1.5.1 shall not apply to door leaves of listed fire door assemblies after exposure to elevated temperature in accordance with the listing, based on laboratory fire test procedures.

7.2.1.5.3 Locks, if provided, shall not require the use of a key, a tool, or special knowledge or effort for operation from the egress side.

7.2.1.5.4 The requirements of 7.2.1.5.1 and 7.2.1.5.3 shall not apply where otherwise provided in Chapters 18 through 23.


Locking Doors - LSC

9.6.5 Fire Safety Functions.

9.6.5.2 Where required by another section of this Code, the following functions shall be actuated:

(1) Release of hold-open devices for doors or other opening protectives

(2) Stairwell or elevator shaft pressurization

(3) Smoke management or smoke control systems

(4) Unlocking of doors

(5) Elevator recall and shutdown

(6) HVAC shutdown


DEADBOLTS


Deadbolts

• Tubular (or Cylindrical)

• Rim (surface mount)

• Mortise


Bolt Locks - IBC

1008.1.9.4 Bolt locks.

Manually operated flush bolts or

surface bolts are not permitted.



Manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not permitted.

Exceptions:

1. On doors not required for egress in individual dwelling units or sleeping units.

2. Where a pair of doors serves a storage or equipment room, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf.

3. Where a pair of doors serves an occupant load of less than 50 persons in a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf. The inactive leaf shall contain no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.



Manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not permitted.

Exceptions:

4. Where a pair of doors serves a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inac-tive leaf provided such inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress width requirements and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The inactive leaf shall contain no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.

5. Where a pair of doors serves patient care rooms in Group I-2 occupancies, self-latching edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf provided that the inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress width requirements and the inactive leaf contains no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.


PANIC HARDWARE


Panic Hardware

IBC : 1008.1.10 Panic and fire exit hardware

LSC : 7.2.1.7 Panic Hardware and Fire Exit

Hardware.


Panic Hardware - IBC

PANIC HARDWARE.

A door-latching assembly incorpo-rating a device that releases the latch upon the application of a force in the direction of egress travel. See also “Fire exit hardware.”

FIRE EXIT HARDWARE.

Panic hardware that is listed for use on fire door assemblies.


Panic Hardware - LSC

3.3.4* Actuating Member or Bar.

The activating mechanism of a panic hardware or fire exit hardware device located on the egress side of a door.

3.3.133.1 Fire Exit Hardware.

A door-latching assembly incorporating an actuating member or bar that releases the latch bolt upon the application of a force in the direction of egress travel and that additionally provides fire protection where used as part of a fire door assembly.

3.3.133.2 Panic Hardware.

A door-latching assembly incorporating an actuating member or bar that releases the latch bolt upon the application of a force in the direction of egress travel.



1008.1.10 Panic and fire exit hardware

Doors serving a Group H occupancy and doors

serving rooms or spaces with an occupant load

of 50 or more in a Group A or E occupancy shall

not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is

panic hardware or fire exit hardware.

Exception: A main exit of a Group A occupancy in

compliance with Section 1008.1.9.3, Item 2.


Locking Doors - IBC



2. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S, and in places of religious worship, the main exterior door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated locking devices from the egress side provided:

2.1. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked;

2.2. A readily visible durable sign is posted on the egress side on or adjacent to the door stating: THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN BUILDING IS OCCUPIED. The sign shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a contrasting background; and

2.3. The use of the key-operated locking device is revocable by the building official for due cause.



1008.1.10 Panic and fire exit hardware

Electrical rooms with equipment rated 1,200

amperes or more and over 6 feet wide that

contain overcurrent devices, switching devices

or control devices with exit or exit access doors

shall be equipped with panic hardware or fire

exit hardware. The doors shall swing in the

direction of egress travel.



7.2.1.7 Panic Hardware and Fire Exit Hardware.

7.2.1.7.2 Only approved panic hardware shall be used on door assemblies that are not fire-rated door assemblies. Only approved fire exit hardware shall be used on fire-rated door assemblies. New panic hardware and new fire exit hardware shall comply with ANSI/UL 305, Standard for Safety Panic Hardware, and ANSI/BHMAAI56.3, Exit Devices.

7.2.1.7.3 Required panic hardware and fire exit hardware, in other than detention and correctional occupancies as otherwise provided in Chapters 22 and 23, shall not be equipped with any locking device, set screw, or other arrangement that prevents the release of the latch when pressure is applied to the releasing device.

7.2.1.7.4 Devices that hold the latch in the retracted position shall be prohibited on fire exit hardware, unless such devices are listed and approved for such a purpose.


Hazardous Areas - LSC

7.11.6 Doors serving high hazard contents areas

with occupant loads in excess of five shall be

permitted to be provided with a latch or lock

only if the latch or lock is panic hardware or fire

exit hardware complying with 7.2.1.7.


Assembly Occupancy - LSC

12.2.2.2.3 Any door in a required means of egress from an

area having an occupant load of 100 or more persons shall be

permitted to be provided with a latch or lock only if the latch

or lock is panic hardware or fire exit hardware complying with

7.2.1.7, unless otherwise permitted by one of the following:(1) This requirement shall not apply to delayed-egress locks as

permitted in 12.2.2.2.5.

(2) This requirement shall not apply to access-controlled egress doors as permitted in 12.2.2.2.6.


Educational Occupancy - LSC

14.2.2.2.2 Any door in a required means of

egress from an area having an occupant load of

100 or more persons shall be permitted to be

provided with a latch or lock only if the latch or

lock is panic hardware or fire exit hardware

complying with 7.2.1.7.


Day-Care Occupancy - LSC

16.2.2.2.2 Panic Hardware or Fire Exit Hardware.

Any door in a required means of egress from an

area having an occupant load of 100 or more

persons shall be permitted to be provided with a

latch or lock only if the latch or lock is panic

hardware or fire exit hardware complying with

7.2.1.7.



1008.1.10.1 Installation. Where panic or fire exit

hardware is installed, it shall comply with the following:

1. Panic hardware shall be listed in accordance with UL 305;

2. Fire exit hardware shall be listed in accordance with UL 10C and UL 305;

3. The actuating portion of the releasing device shall extend at least one-half of the door leaf width; and

4. The maximum unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds (67 N).



7.2.1.7 Panic Hardware and Fire Exit Hardware.

7.2.1.7.1 Where a door assembly is required to be equipped with panic or fire exit hardware, such hardware shall meet all of the following criteria:

(1) It shall consist of a cross bar or a push pad, the actuating portion of which extends across not less than one-half of the width of the door leaf.

(2) It shall be mounted as follows: (a) New installations shall be not less than 34 in. (865 mm), and not

more than 48 in. (1220 mm), above the floor.

(b) Existing installations shall be not less than 30 in. (760 mm), and not more than 48 in. (1220 mm), above the floor.

(3) It shall be constructed so that a horizontal force not to exceed 15 lbf (66 N) actuates the cross bar or push pad and latches.


Panic Hardware - WHERE?

IBC

• Group H (Hazardous)

• Group A (Assembly)

• Group E ( Educational)

• Electrical Rooms

– >1,200 amperes

– Over 6’ wide

LSC

• Hazardous Areas

– >5 occupants

• >100 Occupants

– Assembly Occupancy

– Educational Occupancy

– Day-Care Occupancy


SPECIAL LOCKING


Special Locking - IBC vs LSC

1008.1.9.6 Special locking arrangements (Group I-2)

1008.1.9.7 Delayed egress locks

1008.1.9.8 Access-controlled egress doors

7.2.1.6* Special Locking Arrangements7.2.1.6.1 Delayed-Egress Locking Systems

7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Door Assemblies

7.2.1.6.3 Elevator Lobby Exit Access Door Assemblies Locking.

18.2.2.2.5 Door-locking arrangements


Special Locking -IBC

2000 IBC

1003.3 Special Doors

1003.3.1.3.4 Access-controlled egress doors

Not Included : Special locking arrangements (I-2)

Not Included : Delayed egress locks

2003 IBC

1008.1.3 Special Doors


1008.1.8 Door Operation



2006 IBC

1008.1.3 Special Doors





2009 IBC


1008.1.9.6 Special locking arrangements (I-2)



2012 IBC


1008.1.9.6 Special locking arrangements (I-2)



2015 IBC


1008.1.9.6 Controlled Egress Doors (I-1 & I-2)



Sensor Release of Electrically Locked Egress Doors


Special Locking - LSC

2000, 2003, 2006, & 2009 LSC

7.2.1.6* Special Locking Arrangements7.2.1.6.1 Delayed-Egress Locks

7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Doors

2012 & 2015 LSC

7.2.1.6* Special Locking Arrangements7.2.1.6.1 Delayed-Egress Locking Systems

7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Door Assemblies

7.2.1.6.3 Elevator Lobby Exit Access Door Assemblies Locking


Special Locking - IBC


Approved special egress locks shall be permitted in a Group I-2 occupancy where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require such locking. Special egress locks shall be permitted in such occupancies where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or an approved automatic smoke or heat detection system installed in accordance with Section 907 …


“Clinical Needs” - IBC (2015)

The areas where controlled egress may be permitted include psychiatric areas, dementia units, Alzheimer’s units, maternity units, and newborn nurseries.

Code officials may also permit these provisions in other areas such as emergency departments or pediatric areas where the safety and/or security of the occupants are of primary concern


Special Locking - IBC


… provided that the doors are installed and operate in accordance with Items 1 through 7.

1. The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire detection system.

2. The doors unlock upon loss of power controlling the lock or lock mechanism.

3. The door locks shall have the capability of being unlocked by a signal from the fire command cen-ter, a nursing station or other approved location.

4. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a special egress lock before entering an exit.

5. The procedures for the operation(s) of the unlocking system shall be described and approved as part of the emergency planning and preparedness required by Chapter 4 of the International Fire Code.

6. All clinical staff shall have the keys, codes or other means necessary to operate the locking devices.

7. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.

Exception: Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas where persons, which because of clinical needs, require restraint or containment as part of the function of a psychiatric treatment area.


7.2.1.6 Special Locking Arrangements - LSC

7.2.1.6.1 Delayed-Egress Locking Systems.

7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Door Assemblies.

7.2.1.6.3 Elevator Lobby Exit Access Door Assemblies Locking.

A.7.2.1.6 None of the special locking arrangements addressed in 7.2.1.6 are intended to allow credential egress, request to exit, or similar provisions, where an occupant cannot leave the building without swiping a card through a reader. Where such an arrangement is desired to keep track of occupants, the swiping of cards needs to be procedural but not necessary for releasing the door lock or latch.

Free egress needs to be available at all times.

Another option to free egress is the use of a delayed-egress locking system.


Locking Doors - LSC (HC)

18.1.1.1.7* It shall be recognized that, in buildings housing certain patients, it might be necessary to lock doors and bar windows to confine and protectbuilding inhabitants.

A.18.1.1.1.7 There are many reasons why doors in the means of egress in health care occupancies might need to be locked for the protection of the patients or the public. Examples of conditions that might justify door locking include dementia, mental health, infant care, pediatric care, or patients under court detention order requiring medical treatment in a health care facility. See 18.2.2.2.5 for details on door locking.

18.1.3.8 Egress provisions for areas of health care facilities that correspond to other occupancies shall meet the corresponding requirements of this Code for such occupancies, and, where the clinical needs of the occupant necessitate the locking of means of egress, staff shall be present for the supervised release of occupants during all times of use.



18.2.2.2.2 Locks shall not be permitted on patient sleeping room doors, unless otherwise permitted by one of the following:

(1) Key-locking devices that restrict access to the room from the corridor and that are operable only by staff from the corridor side shall be permitted, provided that such devices do not restrict egress from the room.

(2) Locks complying with 18.2.2.2.5 shall be permitted.



18.2.2.2.3 Doors not located in a required means of egress shall be permitted to be subject to locking.

18.2.2.2.5.1* Door-locking arrangements shall be permitted where the clinical needs of patients require specialized security measures or where patients pose a security threat, provided that staff can readily unlock doors at all times in accordance with 18.2.2.2.6.

18.7.3.2 Health care occupancies that find it necessary to lock means of egress doors shall, at all times, maintain an adequate staff qualified to release locks and direct occupants from the immediate danger area to a place of safety in case of fire or other emergency.


Door Locking Arrangements (LSC)

18.2.2.2.5 Door-locking arrangements shall be permitted in accordance with either 18.2.2.2.5.1 or 18.2.2.2.5.2.

18.2.2.2.5.1* Door-locking arrangements shall be permitted where the clinical needs of patients require specialized security measures or where patients pose a security threat, provided that staff can readily unlock doors at all times in accordance with 18.2.2.2.6.

18.2.2.2.5.2* Door-locking arrangements shall be permitted where patient special needs require specialized protective measures for their safety …


“Clinical Needs” - LSC

18.2.2.2.5.1*

A.18.2.2.2.5.1 Psychiatric units, Alzheimer units, and dementia units are examples of areas with patients who might have clinical needs that justify door locking.

Forensic units and detention units are examples of areas with patients who might pose a security threat.

Where Alzheimer or dementia patients in nursing homes are not housed in specialized units, the provisions of 18.2.2.2.5.1 should not apply. (See 18.2.2.2.5.2.)

18.2.2.2.5.2*

A.18.2.2.2.5.2 Pediatric units, maternity units, and emergency departmentsare examples of areas where patients might have special needs that justify door locking.


Door Locking Arrangements - LSC

18.2.2.2.5.2* Door-locking arrangements shall be permitted … provided that all of the following criteria are met:

(1) Staff can readily unlock doors at all times in accordance with 18.2.2.2.6.

(2) A total (complete) smoke detection system is provided throughout the locked space in accordance with 9.6.2.9, or locked doors can be remotely unlocked at an approved, constantly attended location within the locked space.

(3) *The building is protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 18.3.5.1.

(4) The locks are electrical locks that fail safely so as to release upon loss of power to the device.

(5) The locks release by independent activation of each of the following: a) Activation of the smoke detection system required by 18.2.2.2.5.2 (2)

b) Waterflow in the automatic sprinkler system required by 18.2.2.2.5.2(3)


Door Locking Arrangements - LSC

18.2.2.2.6 Doors that are located in the means of egress and are permitted to be locked under other provisions of 18.2.2.2.5 shall comply with both of the following:

(1) Provisions shall be made for the rapid removal of occupants by means of one of the following:

a) Remote control of locks from within the locked smoke compartment

b) Keying of all locks to keys carried by staff at all times

c) Other such reliable means available to the staff at all times

(2) Only one locking device shall be permitted on each door.


Controlled Egress - IBC vs LSC

Door & Hardware Magazine (11/2015)


DELAYED EGRESS


Delayed Egress : WHY?


Delayed Egress - IBC


Approved, listed, delayed egress locks shall be permitted to be installed on doors serving any occupancy exceptGroup A, E and H occupancies in buildings that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or an approved automatic smoke or heat detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors unlock in accordance with Items 1 through 6 below. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a delayed egress lock before entering an exit.


Delayed Egress - IBC


1. The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire detection system.

2. The doors unlock upon loss of power controlling the lock or lock mechanism.

3. The door locks shall have the capability of being unlocked by a signal from the fire command center.

4. The initiation of an irreversible process which will …a) release the latch in not more than 15 seconds

b) when a force of not more than 15 pounds (67 N) is applied for 1 second to the release device.

c) Initiation of the irreversible process shall activate an audible signal in the vicinity of the door.

d) Once the door lock has been released by the application of force to the releasing device, relocking shall be by manual means only.

Exception: Where approved, a delay of not more than 30 seconds is permitted.

5. A sign shall be provided on the door located above and within 12 inches (305 mm) of the release device reading:

PUSH UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 [30] SECONDS.

6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.


Delayed Egress - LSC

7.2.1.6.1 Delayed-Egress Locking Systems.

7.2.1.6.1.1 Approved, listed, delayed-egress locking systems shall be permitted to be installed on door assemblies serving low and ordinary hazard contents in buildings protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 9.6 or an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7, and where permitted in Chapters 11 through 43, provided that all of the following criteria are met :


Delayed Egress - LSC

(1) The door leaves shall unlock in the direction of egress upon actuation of one of the following: (a) Approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7

(b) Not more than one heat detector of an approved, supervised automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 9.6

(c) Not more than two smoke detectors of an approved, supervised automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 9.6

(2) The door leaves shall unlock in the direction of egress upon loss of power controlling the lock or locking mechanism.

(3)*An irreversible process shall release the lock in the direction of egress within 15 seconds, or 30 seconds where approved by the authority having jurisdiction, upon application of a force to the release device required in 7.2.1.5.10 under all of the following conditions:

(a) The force shall not be required to exceed 15lbf (67 N).

(b) The force shall not be required to be continuously applied for more than 3 seconds.

(c) The initiation of the release process shall activate an audible signal in the vicinity of the door opening.

(d) Once the lock has been released by the application of force to the releasing device, relocking shall be by manual means only.

(4) *A readily visible, durable sign in letters not less than 1 in. (25 mm) high and not less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) in stroke width on a contrasting background that reads as follows shall be located on the door leaf adjacent to the release device in the direction of egress:

PUSH UNTILALARM SOUNDS DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 SECONDS

(5) The egress side of doors equipped with delayed-egress locks shall be provided with emergency lighting in accordancewith Section 7.9.


Delayed Egress (IBC vs LSC)

IBC (2015)

Permitted in all occupancies except :

• High Hazard

• Assembly

• Educational

Max quantity of DE in path

• All Occupancies = (1)

• I-2/I-3 = (2)

LSC (2015)

Permitted in all N/E occupancies except :

• High hazard rooms

• Assembly : Main entrance

• Airport Walkways

Max quantity of DE in path

• All Occupancies = (Varies)– Lodging/Hotels/Apt = (1)

– Board & Care = Ext door

• Healthcare = (No Max)



IBC (2015)

Remote Release

• Released at Fire Command Cntr or other approved locations

Signage

• Same as LSC

• Must also meet A117.1

• Group I : may be omitted

LSC (2015)

Remote Release

• Not Addressed

Signage

• Readily visible located on the door, adjacent to the release device on egress side.



Door & Hardware Magazine (11/2015)


ACCESS-CONTROLLED EGRESS DOORS


Access-Controlled Egress Doors

IBC : 1008.1.9.8 Access-controlled egress doors

LSC : 7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Door

Assemblies

• Both ingress and egress is controlled by some

type of entry system (key pad or card swipe).

• Not allowed for Group F, S, and H occupancies.


Access-Controlled Egress Doors - IBC


The entrance doors in a means of egress in

buildings with an occupancy in Groups A, B, E, I-2,

M, R-l or R-2, and entrance doors to tenant spaces

in occupancies in Groups A, B, E, I-2, M, R-l or R-2,

are permitted to be equipped with an approved

entrance and egress access control system, listed in

accordance with UL 294, which shall be installed in

accordance with all of the following criteria:


Access-Controlled Egress Doors - IBC


1. A sensor shall be provided on the egress side arranged to detect an occupant approaching the doors. The doors shall be arranged to unlock by a signal from or loss of power to the sensor.

2. Loss of power to that part of the access control system which locks the doors shall automatically unlock the doors.

3. The doors shall be arranged to unlock from a manual unlocking device located 40 inches to 48 inches (1016 mm to 1219 mm) vertically above the floor and within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the secured doors. Ready access shall be provided to the manual unlocking device and the device shall be clearly identified by a sign that reads “PUSH TO EXIT.” When operated, the manual unlocking device shall result in direct interruption of power to the lock—independent of the access control system electronics—and the doors shall remain unlocked for a minimum of 30 seconds.

4. Activation of the building fire alarm system, if provided, shall automatically unlock the doors, and the doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has been reset.

5. Activation of the building automatic sprinkler or fire detection system, if provided, shall automatically unlock the doors. The doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has been reset.

6. Entrance doors in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E or M shall not be secured from the egress side during periods that the building is open to the general public.


Access-Controlled Egress Doors - LSC

7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Door

Assemblies.

Where permitted in Chapters 11 through 43,

door assemblies in the means of egress shall be

permitted to be equipped with electrical lock

hardware that prevents egress, provided that all

of the following criteria are met:



7.2.1.6.2* Access-Controlled Egress Door Assemblies.

(1) A sensor shall be provided on the egress side, to unlock the door leaf in the direction of egress upon detectionof an approaching occupant.

(2) Door leaves shall automatically unlock in the direction of egress upon loss of power to the sensor or to the part of the access control system that locks the door leaves.

(3) Door locks shall be arranged to unlock in the direction of egress from a manual release device complying with all of the following criteria:

a) The manual release device shall be located on the egress side, 40 in. to 48 in. (1015 mm to 1220 mm ) vertically above the floor, and within 60 in. (1525 mm) of the secured door openings.

b) (b) The manual release device shall be readily accessible and clearly identified by a sign that reads as follows: PUSH TO EXIT.

c) When operated, the manual release device shall result in direct interruption of power to the lock independent of the locking system electronics - and the lock shall remain unlocked for not less than 30 seconds.

(4) Activation of the building fire-protective signaling system, if provided, shall automatically unlock the door leaves in the direction of egress, and the door leaves shall remain unlocked until the fire-protective signaling system has been manually reset.

(5) The activation of manual fire alarm boxes that activate the building fire-protective signaling system specified in 7.2.1.6.2(4) shall not be required to unlock the door leaves.

(6) Activation of the building automatic sprinkler or fire detection system, if provided, shall automatically unlock the door leaves in the direction of egress, and the door leaves shall remain unlocked until the fire-protective signaling system has been manually reset.

(7) The egress side of access-controlled egress doors, other than existing access-controlled egress doors, shall be provided with emergency lighting in accordance with Section 7.9.



A.7.2.1.6.2 It is not the intent to require doors that restrict access but that comply with 7.2.1.5.10 to comply with the access-controlled egress door provisions of 7.2.1.6.2.

7.2.1.5.10* A latch or other fastening device on a door leaf shall be provided with a releasing device that has an obvious method of operation and that is readily operated under all lighting conditions.

The term access-controlled was chosen when the requirements of 7.2.1.6.2 were first added to the Code to describe the function in which a door is electronically locked from the inside in a manner that restricts egress.

It is not the Code's intent to prohibit methods of securing the door in a lockedposition from the outside with access control products, provided that the egress requirements of 7.2.1.6.2 are met.


Access-Controlled - IBC vs LSC

IBC (2012)

Permitted at Entrance

Doors and Entrance Doors

to tenant spaces in the

following occupancies:

• A, B, E, I-2, M, R-1, R-2

LSC (2012)

Permitted in all N/E

occupancies except :

• Detention &

Correctional

• Lodging/Rooming

Houses


Emergency Lighting - LSC

7.9.1.1* Emergency lighting facilities for means of egress shall be provided in accordance with Section 7.9 for the following: (1) Buildings or structures where required in Chapters 11 through 43

(2) Underground and limited access structures as addressed in Section 11.7

(3) High-rise buildings as required by other sections of this Code

(4) Doors equipped with delayed-egress locks (5) Stair shafts and vestibules of smokeproof enclosures, for which the following also apply:

(a) The stair shaft and vestibule shall be permitted to include a standby generator that is installed for the smokeproof enclosure mechanical ventilation equipment.

(b) The standby generator shall be permitted to be used for the stair shaft and vestibule emergency lighting power supply.

(6) New access-controlled egress doors in accordance with 7.2.1.6.2


ACCESSIBILITY


Accessibility - IBC

1109.13 Controls, operating mechanisms and hardware.

Controls, operating mechanisms and hardware intended for operation by the occupant, including switches that control lighting and ventilation and electrical convenience outlets, in accessible spaces, along accessible routes or as parts of accessible elements shall be accessible.

Exceptions:

1. Operable parts that are intended for use only by service or maintenance personnel shall not be required to be accessible.

7. Access doors or gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be permitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on elf-latching devices at 54 inches maximum and 48 inches minimum above the finished floor or ground, provided the self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices, operated by means of a key, electronic opener, or integral combination lock.


Accessibility - IBC

1008.1.9.1 Hardware.

Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other

operating devices on doors required to be

accessible by Chapter 11 shall not require tight

grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist

to operate.


Accessibility - LSC

7.2.1.5.10* A latch or other fastening device on a door leaf shall be provided with a releasing device that has an obvious method of operation and that is readily operated under all lighting conditions.

A.7.2.1.5.10 Examples of devices that might be arranged to release latches include knobs, levers, and bars … The operating devices should be capable of being operated with one hand and should not require tight grasping, tight pinching, or twisting of the wrist to operate.


Accessibility - LSC

A.7.13.2.1 Egress from normally unoccupied

building service equipment support areas not

exceeding 45,000 ft2 (4180 m2) is permitted to

be by access panels or other hardware not

complying with the door requirements of 7.2.1.


Accessibility - ADA


309 Operable Parts

309.4 Operation.

Operable parts shall be operable with one hand

and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or

twisting of the wrist.

Accessibility

Thumbturns likely to be accessible :


Thumbturns which may not be accessible :

Accessibility

Q : Must operable parts be usable with a closed fist?

A : Closed-fist operation is a good performance test but is not required by the standards. Many types of operable parts, such as pull handles, satisfy the requirements even though they may not be operable with a closed fist.


Accessibility - IBC

1008.1.9.2 Hardware height.

Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other

operating devices shall be installed 34 inches

minimum and 48 inches maximum above the

finished floor. Locks used only for security

purposes and not used for normal operation are

permitted at any height.

Exception : … pools, spas and hot tubs … 54 inches


Accessibility - LSC

7.2.1.4.3.2 Surface-mounted

latch release hardware on the

door leaf shall be exempt from

being included in the maximum

7 in. projection requirement ….

(2) The hardware is mounted

not less than 34 in. and not

more than 48 in. above the

floor.


Accessibility - ADA

Doors, Doorways and Gates

[206.5 and 404]

Compliance is required for doors, doorways, and gates providing user passage on accessible routes.

At least one accessible door, doorway, or gate serving each accessible room, space, and entrance must comply.


Accessibility - ADA


309 Operable Parts

309.4 Operation.

The force required to activate operable parts

shall be 5 pounds maximum.

Accessibility - IBC

1008.1.9.5 Unlatching.

The unlatching of any door or leaf shall not require more than one operation.

Exceptions:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. Where manually operated bolt locks are permitted by Section 1008.1.9.4.

3. Doors with automatic flush bolts as permitted by Section 1008.1.9.3, Exception 3.

4. Doors from individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1008.1.9.3, Exception 4.


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door hardware

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