don’t forget your name and date (1 point)! each group member needs a paper. organelle scavenger...
TRANSCRIPT
•Don’t forget your name and date (1 point)! •Each group member needs a paper.•Organelle Scavenger Hunt •Fold your paper in half lengthwise, then fold it in half crosswise. •Label each of the 8 rectangles you have created (4 on the front, 4 on the back) with the name of one cell structure from chapter 7.2 that your group studied. •Teach each other. In each box, make a drawing of the organelle, and write a description of its form and function•Make a poster: Now, working as a group, make one poster labeled, “Plant Cell,” or “Animal Cell.”•Be sure to include labeled drawings of all the organelles you studied and their functions.•Be sure that you have included and labeled structures which distinguish your cell as a plant or animal cell.
Cell Structure and Function
Goals1. Describe the main function of the cell
wall2. Describe the function of the nucleus3. Identify main roles of the cytoskeleton4. Describe the functions of the major cell
organelles
7.2 Cell Structures
PLANT CELL
Nuclearenvelope
Ribosome(attached)
Ribosome(free)
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
NucleolusGolgi apparatus
Mitochondrian
Cell wall
CellMembrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
ANIMAL CELL
Centrioles
Nucleolus
NucleusNuclearenvelope
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Mitochondrian
CellMembrane
Ribosome(free)
Ribosome(attached)
The Cell Wall
• Main function - protection & support• Made of carbohydrate and protein fibers• Cellulose wood and paper
Nucleus•Controls cell processes•Contains hereditary information DNA•Chromosomes and Chromatin DNA & protein disperse as chromatinAt divisions, chromatin forms chromosomes•Nucleolus assembly of ribosomes•Nuclear envelope pores through which RNA passes
Cytoskeleton•Protein•Support•Movement of some cells•Microtubules hollow tubes maintain cell shape cilia flagella•Control movement of organelles
Ribosomes•Creation of proteins following coded instructions from the nucleus•Produced in the nucleolus•Proteins produced move to the:
Endoplasmic Reticulum•Membrane system•Assembly of cell membrane•Modification of proteins
Golgi Apparatus
•Receive proteins from rough Endoplasmic Reticulum •Attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
Lysosomes
•Small •Enzyme-filled•Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins•Remove debris•Digestion
Vacuoles
•Storage water proteins salts carbohydrates •Plants often have one big central vacuole•Smaller vacuoles are called vessicles
Organelle DNA
•Chloroplasts and Mitochondria contain their own DNA•Margulis: Are these organelles ancient prokaryotes?(endosymbiotic theory)•ALL organelle DNA comes from egg!
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Cell Review Match Up
Copy both columns. Match correct responses. More than one
response may be appropriate.
1 Nucleus2 Lysosome3 Mitochondrion4 Diffusion5 Endocytosis6 Ribosome7 Endoplasmic Reticulum8 Centriole9 Osmosis10 Cell Membrane11 Chloroplast12 Cell Wall13 Golgi Body
A. Provides rigid structure external to the cell membrane
B. The powerhouse of the cellC. Packages proteins and other productsD. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable
membraneE. The site of photosynthesisF. Two organelles that have their own DNA
apart from cellular DNAG. Assembles amino acids into proteinsH. Recieves polypeptides from the ribosomes.
Helps fold them into shapeI. In animals only. Part of the cytoskeletonJ. A semipermeable membrane surrounding the
cellK. Contains the cells genetic informationL. Movement of a substance from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
M. Taking a substance into the cell by, “pinching off,” a portion of the membrane
N. Contains enzymes for breaking down large molecules
• Return to section 7-2 and read, “The Cell as a Factory on page 182
1. What part of the cell could be represented by the factory walls?
2. What part of the cell represents the main office?
3. What roll does the endoplasmic reticulum play in the cell as factory analogy?
4. What about the golgi bodies?
5. Where does the cell/factory get it’s power?
6. Go further: What could be the roll of the chloroplasts? Cell membrane?
Cell Analogy
• Return to section 7-2 and read, “The Cell as a Factory on page 182
1. What part of the cell could be represented by the factory walls?
2. What part of the cell represents the main office?
3. What roll does the endoplasmic reticulum play in the cell as factory analogy?
4. What about the golgi bodies?
5. Where does the cell/factory get it’s power?
6. Go further: What could be the roll of the chloroplasts? Cell membrane?
Now make up your own analogy for a cell.
Your analogy will need a control center.
It will probably involve some sort of product
It will probably need some source of energy
Make a list of all the organelles and other cell structure from section 7-2
Now create a poster to present to the class.
Cell Analogy
1. Plant roots are able to take in minerals even though there is already a higher concentration of minerals inside of the root than outside. Is this an example of active or passive transport? How do you know?
2. What is facilitated diffusion? Does facilitated diffusion require the cell to expend energy? Explain.
3. What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport that uses a, “protein pump.”
4. Make two drawings of a cell of the aquatic plant, Elodea. Show one cell in a hypertonic solution of salt water and one in distilled water. Describe what has happened in each and label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Label the semipermeable membrane and the direction of net movement of water into or out of the membrane.
Crossing the Membrane Review
1. Plant roots are able to take in minerals even though there is already a higher concentration of minerals inside of the root than outside. Is this an example of active or passive transport? How do you know?
Plant roots taking up minerals from the soil involves moving a substance against the concentration gradient. It takes energy and is therefore active transport.
Crossing the Membrane Review
2. What is facilitated diffusion? Does facilitated diffusion require the cell to expend energy? Explain.
In facilitated diffusion, a protein channel is open to a specific molecule which move in or out through the protein channel by diffusion. Since the flow is with the concentration gradient, facilitated diffusion does not require additional energy
Crossing the Membrane Review
3. What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport that uses a, “protein pump.”
In active transport, the protein channel actually changes shape in order to force a molecule into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient.
Crossing the Membrane Review
4. Make two drawings of a cell of the aquatic plant, Elodea. Show one cell in a hypertonic solution of salt water and one in distilled water. Describe what has happened in each and label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Label the semipermeable membrane and the direction of net movement of water into or out of the membrane.
Crossing the Membrane Review
• Cell Parts and Processes Review:• Fold a piece of paper into a 4 by 4 grid (16 squares)• Use all your resources from chapter 7, Worksheets, warm
ups, guided readings, and anything you have in your binder to make up a list of at least 16 terms or concepts from the chapter.
• Write them on one side of the paper. • Cut the paper into 16 flashcards and write study points on
the back of each card. • Compare your collection to the students sitting next to
you. Add more cards to your set as needed. • Quiz each other until the end of class. • Study your flashcards again for homework tonight.
Cell Parts and Processes Review
Comparing Cells
ProkaryotesEukaryotes
CellmembraneRibosomes
Cell wall
Golgi apparatusEndoplasmic
reticulumLysosomes
NucleusVacuoles
Cytoskeleton Mitochondria
Small
Circular DNA
You must write this at the top of the paper: Learning Goal - Distinguish Plant Cells From Animal CellsDraw two intersecting circles, label one, “plant cells,” and the other,“animal cells.” Without looking at your book or notes, create a proper Venn diagram filling in each segment with organelles that belong to plant cells, animal cells, or both. Then get out your notes to check your work.
Comparing Cells
Animal Cells Plant Cells
Comparing Cells
Animal Cells Plant Cells
LysosomesCentriolesSmall (if anyvacuoles
Nucleus Ribosomes
Cell membraneEndoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatusMitochondriaCytoskeleton
Vacuoles
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Large, central vacuole
Actually, some plant cells do appear to hve lysosomes: see this page
1. I assemble amino acids into polypeptides. What am I?2. I contain the cell’s genetic information. What am I?3. I hold enzymes that break down large molecules into compounds the
cell can use. What am I?4. I am the type of molecule that is embedded in the cell membrane and
allows molecules that would not otherwise be able to pass through the semipermeable membrane to diffuse into or out of the cell.
5. I contain my own organelle DNA apart from the cell’s DNA, and I am not found in animal cells.
6. Surrounding the cell, I am composed of a lipid bilayer.7. I do the final processing and packaging of macromolecules such as
proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.8. I provide rigid structure external to the cell membrane.9. I am composed of microtubules and microfilaments.10. I receive polypeptide chains from the ribosomes and am responsible
for folding them into their functional shapes
What am I?
I assemble amino acids into polypeptides. What am I? I am a ribosomeI contain the cell’s genetic information. What am I? I am the nucleusI hold enzymes that break down large molecules into
compounds the cell can use. I am a lysosome I am the type of molecule that is embedded in the cell
membrane and allows molecules that would not otherwise be able to pass through the semipermeable membrane to diffuse into or out of the cell.
I am a protein
What am I?
I contain my own organelle DNA apart from the cell’s DNA, and I am not found in animal cells.
I am a chloroplast.Surrounding the cell, I am composed of a lipid bilayer. I am the cell membrane. I do the final processing and packaging of macromolecules such as
proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. I am a golgi body.I provide rigid structure external to the cell membrane. I am the cell wallI am composed of microtubules and microfilaments. I am the cytoskeleton (I could be centriole) I receive polypeptide chains from the ribosomes and am responsible for
folding them into their functional shapes. I am the endoplasmic reticulum
What am I?