donor screening
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
1/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
2/36
Encompasses the medical history
requirement for the donor, physical
examination and serologic testing of thedonor blood
May preclude a potential donor from the
donation process
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
3/36
Three types of donors
Voluntary / non-remunerated blood donor Family / replacement donor
Professional / commercial blood donor
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
4/36
Donates blood of their own will
Advantages:
Lower incidence and prevalence of transfusiontransmissible infection
Absence of risk anemia on part of donor
Donors have expressed a commitment to donate
blood during emergency situations
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
5/36
Required to donate blood when a member of
the patients family requires it
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
6/36
Only donates blood when compensation isgiven in exchange of the donation
Disadvantages:
Increase prevalence of transfusion transmissible
infection Donors may be undernourished
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
7/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
8/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
9/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
10/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
11/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
12/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
13/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
14/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
15/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
16/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
17/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
18/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
19/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
20/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
21/36
Minimum of 110 pounds (lbs) / 50 kg
If the donors weight is below 110 pounds,
Amount of blood collected and anticoagulantused must be proportionately reduced.
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
22/36
Amount of blood to be drawn:
Allowable amount in mL
Donors weight (lbs) X 450 mL
110 lbs
Amount of anticoagulant
needed in mL:Allowable amount X 14
100
Amount of anticoagulant to be
removed:
63 mL anticoagulant needed
92 lbs X 450 mL
110 lbs
376.36 mL X 14 mL
100
63 mL 52.69
= 376.36 mL
= 10.31 mL
= 52.69 mL
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
23/36
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
24/36
Hematocrit
Greater than or
equal to 38%
Skin Lesions Medical history
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
25/36
Severe
Moderate
Mild
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
26/36
DonorReactions
Mild
Donor exhibits sign ofshock but does not
show loss ofconsciousness
Nausea or vomiting,hyperventilation,twitching and musclespasm, sweating,dizziness
Syncope or faintingmay be idiopathic
Moderate
Donor exhibits signsand symptoms similarto mild reaction andloss of consciousness
atients mayhyperventilate andexhibit fall in systolicpressure to mm g
Severe
Donor exhibits signsand symptoms of
shock and loss ofconsciousness
Convulsions can becaused by cerebralischemia, markedhyperventilation
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
27/36
To provide viable and functional blood
components for patients requiring blood
transfusion
Viability
Measure of in-vivo RBC survival following
transfusion wherein 75% of cells transfused
should remain viable for 24 hours
Blood is stored in liquid state between 1C to
6C
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
28/36
Approved AnticoagulantPreservative Solutions
Abbreviation Days
Acid Citrate Dextrose ACD 21
Citrate PhosphateDextrose
CPD 21
Citrate Phosphate
Dextrose Adenine
CPDA-1 35
Citrate Phosphate
Double Dextrose
CP2D 21
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
29/36
Added to RBCs after removal of the plasma
with/without platelets
Removal of plasma component duringpreparation ofRBC concentrates removed
much of the nutrients needed
To maintain RBC during storage
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
30/36
Additive Solutions
Abbreviation Days
Adsol AS-1 42
Nutricel AS-3 42
Optisol AS-5 42
Composition of Additive Solutions(mg/100mL)
AS-1
(Adsol)
AS-3
(Nutricel)
AS-5
(Optisol)
Dextrose 2200 1100 900
Adenine 27 30 30
Monobasic
sodium
phosphate
0 276 0
Mannitol 750 0 525
Sodium
chloride
900 410 877
Sodium citrate 0 58 0
Primary bag
anticoagulant
preservative
CPD CP2D CPD
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
31/36
Biochemical Characteristics
AS-1
(Adsol)
AS-3
(Nutricel)
AS-5
(Optisol)
Storage period
(days)
42 42 42
pH at 37C 6.6 6.5 6.5
24-hour survival 83 85.1 80
ATP (% initial) 68 67 68.5
2,3 DPG (%
initial)
6 6 5
Hemolysis (%) 0.5 0.7 0.6
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
32/36
Used for autologous units and storage of
rare blood types
Involves addition of cryoprotective agent tothe RBCs that are less than 6 days old
Glycerol
Most commonly used and is added to RBCs
slowly with vigorous shaking
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
33/36
Advantage High Glycerol Low Glycerol
1. Initial freezing
temperature
- 80C - 196C
2. Need to control freezing
rate
No Yes
3. Type of freezer Mechanical Liquid nitrogen
4. Maximum storage
temperature
- 65C - 120C
5. Shipping requirements Dry ice Liquid nitrogen
6. Effect of changes instorage temperature
Can be thawed andrefrozen
Critical
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
34/36
RBC Freezing
Advantages Disadvantages
Long term storage (10 years) Time consuming process
Maintenance ofRBC viability
and function
Higher cost of equipment and
materials
Low residual leukocytes and
platelets
Storage requirements (-65C)
Removal of significant
amounts of plasma proteins
Higher costs of product
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
35/36
Used to salvage O-type and rare RBC units
that are at outdate
Initial rejuvenation solution containedphosphate, inosine, glucose, pyruvate and
adenine (PIGPA)
Accomplished by incubating RBC unit at
37C for 1 hour with 50mL of the
rejuvenating solution
-
8/9/2019 Donor Screening
36/36