dominant functions of settlements
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Dominant Functions of Settlements. Dominant Functions of Settlements. When we describe functions of a settlement we describe the main areas of employment There are 4 categories (industries) of jobs. Dominant Functions of Settlements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dominant Functions of Settlements
Dominant Functions of Settlements
• When we describe functions of a settlement we describe the main areas of employment
• There are 4 categories (industries) of jobs
Dominant Functions of Settlements
Primary – any job that deals with the extraction of raw material from the natural environment (forestry, mining, farming)
Dominant Functions of Settlements
Secondary – any job that processes raw materials (primary manufacturing – extraction of iron from iron ore)
OR
- Use the product of primary manufacturing to make a finished product (secondary manufacturing – making steel from iron)
Dominant Functions of Settlements
Dominant Functions of Settlements
Tertiary – jobs that provide a service (bank teller, dentist) – fastest growing sector in Canada (around 75% of working population employed in this industry)
Dominant Functions of Settlements
Quaternary – jobs that are involved with the communication of information ( teaching, research, computer programming, technology sector) – this sector on the increase
Dominant Functions of Settlements
• When you describe the present function of a town or city they you are describing the main area of employment for the population of the city
Dominant Functions of Settlements
• Factors that influence the function of a settlement is population and location
• Eg. Niagara Falls – area of scenic beauty attracts million of tourists – jobs in the tourist industry (accommodation and food) would be high (10.5% of the population works in this industry)
NIAGARA FALLS
Dominant Functions of Settlements
• Large cities are more diverse -have people employed in many sectors of the economy (Toronto)
• Provide services to a wide surrounding area (multi-functional)
Dominant Functions of Settlements
• Small cities – have people employed in fewer sectors of the economy (Saguenay – forestry, primary metal manufacturing, agri-business, tourism)
• Usually provide services for small towns/villages immediately adjacent to the city
• Often these cities have specialized functions
Dominant Functions of Settlements
• When a city has a high percent of employment in a particular activity, this activity is described as the urban centre’s dominant function.
• Eg. Manufacturing in Hong Kong, Public Administration in Ottawa
Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
• 1901 pop – 1,370
• 1956 - 57
• 2008 – 7
• Dominate function – copper mines and some fishing
• Mines closed 1920 then reopened 1957 and lasted for 10 years
Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C
Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C
Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
• 1914 pop – 3,000
• Dominate function – copper mines other precious metals
• Mine closed in1935 - abandoned
Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C
Location Quotients• The percentage of a city’s workforce in
any employment category when compared to the national average for that category. The location quotient is expressed as a ratio
• Eg. LQ 1.6 means 1.6 time as many people work in manufacturing in Hamilton, in 1985, than in Canada as a whole
Location Quotients
• When comparing L.Q. it is important to compare L.Q.’s for cities of comparable size
• When a city’s function is dependent on one or two sectors of the economy and that sector decreases (manufacturing) what are the possible outcomes
Location Quotients
• The city must diversify (Hamilton)
• The city experiences decline (people move out and abandon the city (Youngstown Ohio, Flint Michigan)
Location QuotientsBuick City – Flint Michigan
Steel Mill – Youngstown, Ohio