domestic ferry safety: vulnerabilities & opportunities · imo-un escap expert group meeting on...

Domestic ferry safety:Vulnerabilities & OpportunitiesDr. Anish Arvind Hebbar, TM

WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY

IMO-UN ESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Improving Domestic Ferry Safety in Support of Safe Maritime Connectivity in Asia and the Pacific, 17 March 2020, United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand

A few words about WMU…


2

What can we infer about ferries from mythology?


3

What can we infer about ferries from mythology?


4

What is the modern day experience with domestic ferries?

≈900 deaths ≈400 missing ≈100 injured

28 incidents between January 2017 – June 2019IMO MSC 102/8 (2019)


5

Why focus on the Asian region?

Fatalities over the past 50 years


6

What are the various types of domestic ferries?


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What is a domestic ferry?

a vessel

conveys passengers, vehicles, goods

may operate over relatively short distances

operates as a regular service

operated on sea routes, between islands, along the coast or in inland waterways


8

What are the network characteristics of domestic ferry services?


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What are the challenges to safety in inland waterways?

high water velocities

continuously changing channel configurations

fast changing weather conditions

localised strong winds, with no warning

Ratio of fatalities per billion passenger-kilometre

158 41

for roads for inland water transport

Overloading passengers

Collision

Absence of pilot

Breakdown

Human error

Loss of stability/ groundingStorm/ tornado

Combination of factors

ACCIDENT CAUSES IN INLAND WATERWAYS


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What are the unique safety concerns related to domestic ferries?

overloading and overcrowding

pre-departure safety education

crew training for emergency scenarios

effective search and rescue efforts to alleviate fatal consequences


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What is the scale of the problem?


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What is the context?


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What is the temporal perspective of safety?


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What should be our risk management standard?


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What methods have been used to study the problem?

Organizational influences

Unsafe supervisions

Preconditions for unsafe acts

Unsafe acts

•Resource management

•Organizational charter

•Organizational processes

•Inadequate supervision

•Planned inappropriate operations

•Failed to correct problem

•Supervision violations

•Environmental (planning, technical)

•Conditions of operations (adverse mental/ physiological state, physical/ mental limitations)

•Personal factors (crew resource management, personal readiness)

•Errors (decision, skill-based, perception)

•Violations (routine, exceptional)


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What are the identified causal factors?

Unfit for purpose Impracticable conversions

Impracticable modifications

Stability issues; lack of damage stability data

Overcrowding

Overloading Shortage/ unreachability of lifesaving appliances

Poor quality of lifesaving equipment

Poor passenger management

Improper stowage of cargo

Improper carriage of dangerous goods

Lack of crew competence

Undeclared mass onboard

Sailing in bad weather

Lack of safety culture

Lack of enforcement

Lack of compliance

Unclear demarcation of responsibilities

Poor shore-side support

Poor bridge management

Ignorance of navigational warnings

Inadequate maintenance programmes

Inadequate guidance on handling of emergencies

Inadequate provision of aids to navigation

Complacency

Lack of legislation

Overlapping legislation

Scattered legislation

Absence of legislation

Absence of key definitions

Alleged corruption

Apparent corruption

Corruption

IMO MSC 102/8IMO-UN ESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Improving Domestic Ferry Safety in Support of Safe Maritime Connectivity in Asia and the Pacific, 17 March 2020, United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand

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What are the common findings of the studies?

Hazard identification

Type of incident

Foundering

Fire

Grounding

Collision

Others

Causal factors

Technical problems

Cargo shift

Overloading

Weather

Unseaworthy ships

Inadequate crew competence

Inadequate navigational aids

Human error

Inadequate law enforcement

Inadequate ship for operational

area

Factors influencing outcomes

Inappropriate ship design

Not fit for purpose ship safety

systems

Inadequate SAR response

Lack of emergency

preparedness

Risk contribution factors

Internal

Human (crew onboard)

Hardware (ship and systems)

Organization (ship and systems)

External

Weather

Infrastructure

Regulatory bodies

Recognized organisations

Government


18

What are IMO initiatives to address domestic ferry safety?


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What are IMO initiatives to address domestic ferry safety?

.1 conduct a comprehensive study on elements that affect ferry safety and to develop guidance on ferry safety that may cover the following elements:

a. warning system against severe weather condition;

b. risk assessment and risk control measures;

c. passenger and cargo (vehicle) management;

d. ferry fire prevention,

e. seafarers' competency; and

f. the public's safety awareness.

.2 provide technical guidance to assist Member States and developing countries, in particular, to improve their capacity of implementing and enforcing the rules and regulations on domestic ferry safety;

.3 prioritize technical cooperation projects on ferry safety enhancement;

.4 develop a systematic plan that promotes capacity building projects and the development of appropriate model courses;

.5 gain ferry safety management experience and analyze representative incident cases from which conclusions can be drawn that are repeatable and reproducible; and

.6 conduct ferry safety seminars on a regular basis


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What is WMUs continuing contribution?


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What is the way ahead?


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What are our collective goals?


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What are the opportunities?

Safety Culture

Surveys

Responsible sale and purchase

Building, repair, modification, conversion

Registration

Manning

Safety management

Occupational health and safety

Navigation

Maintenance

Stowage and securing

Embarkation and disembarkation

Prior to departure and arrival

Certificates

Aids to navigation

Accidents

Search and rescue

Breach of regulations

Education and training

Navigational area

Check list

Education and training


24

What can we infer from mythology?


25

Thankyou


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domestic ferry safety: vulnerabilities & opportunities · imo-un escap expert group meeting on...

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