domain name registration survey report 2000 · domain name registration survey report research...

Asia Oceania ElectronicMessaging Association(AOEMA)

APEC

Telecommunications Working Group

Business Facilitation Steering Group

Domain Name Registration Survey Report

Research project carried out on behalf of theAPEC Telecommunications Working Group

Carried out by the Asia Oceania ElectronicMessaging Association (AOEMA)

Supported by the Foundation for MultimediaCommunications (FMMC) and the JapanElectronic Messaging Association (JEMA)

SEPTEMBER 2000

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Table of Contents1 PREFACE ......................................................................................... 42 REPORT SUMMARY...................................................................... 53 ORIGINAL PROJECT SCOPE....................................................... 6

3.1 INITIAL STEPS TAKEN ...................................................................... 64 ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO TEL 21 ................................................... 7

4.1 TEST OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN ....................................... 74.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 7

5 ACTIVITIES BETWEEN TEL 21 AND TEL 22............................ 86 WHAT'S IN A NAME? .................................................................... 97 HOW YOU USE THE DNS TO FIND A WEB SITE ................... 108 A SHORT HISTORY OF DNS ...................................................... 11

8.1 THE EARLY INTERNET.................................................................... 118.2 INTERNIC AND NETWORK SOLUTIONS, INC.................................... 13

9 ICANN............................................................................................. 159.1 ICANN ACCREDITED REGISTRARS ................................................ 159.2 DISPUTE RESOLUTION.................................................................... 15

10 FORMATION OF APTLD - HISTORY & BACKGROUND ...... 1610.1 FUNDING ................................................................................... 1610.2 MEMBERSHIP ............................................................................. 1610.3 MAILING LISTS .......................................................................... 1710.4 AIMS OF APTLD........................................................................ 17

11 INTERNATIONALIZED DOMAIN NAMES............................... 1811.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1811.2 ACTIVITIES SO FAR..................................................................... 1811.3 MULTILINGUAL INTERNET NAMES CONSORTIUM (MINC)........... 1911.4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................. 22

12 CCTLD ADMINISTRATION AND DELEGATION POLICIES 2313 PROPOSED NEW DOMAINS....................................................... 2414 COUNTRY DOMAINS USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES.......... 2615 REGISTERING DOMAINS IN MULTIPLE ECONOMIES....... 2716 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE........................................................ 2817 SURVEY SUMMARY.................................................................... 30

17.1 AUSTRALIA................................................................................ 3017.2 BRUNEI...................................................................................... 3117.3 CANADA .................................................................................... 3217.4 CHILE ........................................................................................ 3317.5 CHINA ....................................................................................... 3417.6 HONG KONG .............................................................................. 3517.7 INDONESIA................................................................................. 3617.8 JAPAN........................................................................................ 3717.9 KOREA ...................................................................................... 3817.10 MALAYSIA................................................................................. 3917.11 MEXICO..................................................................................... 4017.12 NEW ZEALAND .......................................................................... 4117.13 PAPUA NEW GUINEA.................................................................. 4217.14 PERU ......................................................................................... 4317.15 PHILIPPINES ............................................................................... 4417.16 RUSSIA ...................................................................................... 45

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17.17 SINGAPORE ................................................................................ 4617.18 CHINESE TAIPEI ......................................................................... 4717.19 THAILAND ................................................................................. 4817.20 USA.......................................................................................... 4917.21 VIETNAM................................................................................... 5017.22 INTERNATIONAL DOMAIN(.INT) .................................................. 51

18 STATISTICS................................................................................... 5218.1 DOMAIN REGISTRATION INFORMATION DIRECTLY FROM THE NIC 5218.2 TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN NAME AS AT JULY1999 .............................. 5318.3 NET NAMES STATISTICS ............................................................. 54

19 CONCLUSION AND ONGOING WORK .................................... 5520 APPENDICES................................................................................. 57

20.1 HOW TO REGISTER A DOMAIN NAME.......................................... 5720.2 REFERENCE: DOMAIN NAME DISPUTE RESOLUTION POLICY........ 5820.3 GLOSSARY OF TERMS................................................................. 5920.4 WEB SITES FOR DOMAIN NAME INFORMATION............................ 64

21 LIST OF SECOND LEVEL DOMAIN NAMES........................... 6722 SURVEY RESULTS IN FULL ...................................................... 68

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1 PrefaceDomain names are a vital part of the Internet itself. As cyberspace becomesmore commercialized, one of the most critical issues facing the Internetcommunity is how best to deal with domain name conflicts. It is often said thatthe Internet is creating a global marketplace, with opportunities for businesseslarge and small to compete in a borderless economy.

However, it is this very point about the borderless nature of the Internet thathas given rise to some of the most controversial debates in the cyberworld. Atthe heart of these debates is the Domain Name System, or DNS. This is thesystem that allows users to use friendly and intuitive names, instead of hard toremember numeric strings, to find what they are looking for.

With so many businesses and organizations creating their "cyber image",friendly and intuitive name are now at a premium. We hear about trademarkinfringement, cybersquatting and intellectual property rights. These are allissues directly related to the availability of a domain name and the process bywhich that name is registered for use within and across global economies.

Within the group of twenty-one APEC economies, we find some of the mostactive participants in the global marketplace and certainly the greatest growthpotential for the future. Hence, this whole area of domain names and thedomain name registration process should be of critical interest torepresentatives of the APEC TEL.

It is with that in mind that this project was proposed by AOEMA at the TEL 19meeting held in Miyazaki, Japan, March 1999. At that time it was proposedthat AOEMA would undertake to conduct a self-funded survey of domainname registration authorities in the region. The purpose of which is to increasethe level of understanding of the procedures required to register a domainname.

It was anticipated from the start that this project might extend over a period oftwelve months. In Internet terms, that is more like four years and a lot canhappen in that time period. A lot has happened since the project officially gotunderway in July 1999, requiring changes in the initial project scope. Section 2of this report outlines the original project scope and initial steps taken to getproject underway. Section 4 includes a summary of preliminary resultspresented at TEL 20 in Lima, Peru, September, 1999.

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2 Report SummaryThe domain name registration process is changing rapidly, particularly in thegeneric level domains. The management of the naming structure of the Internethas opened the provision of generic domains to the market and now there aremany organisations that are able to provide domain name registration services.

In addition to this a whole new economy has grown up around the buying andselling of domain names.

Meanwhile country level Domain Name Registration Authorities(DNRA) havetheir own problem. Most are struggling with being able to hire and retainqualified staff. The need for Internet skills is high and these skills are at apremium today.

In recent times, most DNRAs have come to terms with the dispute resolutionprocess that has been internationally agreed to and many have adopted theinternational rules to some extent.

Automated registration services are not available from all DNRAs andinstantaneous registration is rarely available due to the need to check on thecurrent ownership of the name and whether the registering company is entitledto the name.

Costs vary widely depending on the economy from being free in some to one totwo hundred US dollars in others. No country level DNRAs in the APECeconomies operate in a competitive environment (ie more than one DNRA inthe economy) at this time but there are some that are moving in that direction.Australia and Canada are notable examples of this process.

Language and alphabet differences in the region are broad but the Internettoday is still largely English based. Those economies having the differentlanguage are working closely with those committees that are trying to establisha multi-lingual environment for the Internet.

While there are many issues that each DNRA is dealing with and there aremany technical issues behind the process, this will be transparent to mostbusinesses. They will find it relatively easy to identify and abide by the rulesassociated with establishing domain names in all the economies in the region.

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3 Original Project ScopeAt APEC TEL 19, AOEMA proposed to investigate the domain nameregistration authorities in the APEC region and create a database of theirprocedures. It was proposed that the registration authorities in the region beinvestigated and questionnaires be sent to them.

Information that is being sought includes:

• Name of the registry/registrar

• Economies covered

• Operational characteristics of the registry/registrar

• Starting date of the registry/registrar

• Requirements and procedures for registration

• Types of domain name offered and the criteria to be met to registerthem

• Total number of registration of registered domain names

• Issues on registering domain names

• Other items of interest

This investigation will contribute to the enhancement of international tradeopportunities by increasing the level of understanding of the proceduresrequired to register a domain name, thereby accelerating the advance ofindividual firms into global market.

The first report of this project was presented at TEL 20.

3.1 Initial Steps Taken

The first step for the project was that a survey questionnaire was developed toaddress the range of topics under the general headings of:

• Organizational structure

• Domain structure

• Policies and procedures

• Issues faced today and challenges of the future

The methodology of the project was to visit the Domain NameRegistries/Registrars in person as well as conducting a considerable amount ofdesk research into the processes involved.

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4 Activities Prior to TEL 21

4.1 Test of Survey Questionnaire Design

A provisional questionnaire was developed at the very start of this project. Itwas based on issues and concerns of the Internet community as of July, 1999.Refer to Section 14 for a copy of the original questionnaire The provisionalsurvey instrument was tested with the following four APEC economies andinvolved face-to-face interviews with senior managers:

• Japan

• Thailand

• Brunei

• Vietnam

4.2 Literature Review

A comprehensive literature review has been completed, using a range ofinformation sources, including:

• WIPO

• ICANN

• APNIC

• ARIN

• ITU

• Intellectual Property Law Briefs

• Cyberspace Law Briefs

• CommerceNet (US)

• Articles from multiple general media sources (magazines,newspapers, wire services, etc)

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5 Activities Between TEL 21 and TEL 22During this time contact was made with all those Registration Authorities whohad not responded to the survey so far.

In some cases the APEC TEL points of contact used their influence toencourage the Registration Authorities to complete the survey documents.

Special thanks are extended to those POC's who took the time to help.

In addition to the gathering of information, a check was made of all existinginformation to ensure that it was up to date. A check was made of the ongoingactivities of ICANN and of the development of the Internationalized DomainName system.

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6 What's in a name?Everything, at least on the Internet. Everyone wants a domain name that helpsa consumer find a specific web location intuitively, quickly and easily. If youhave a presence on the web, you want your intended audience to find you!Cyberspace may seem infinite, but when it comes to the "name game," politics,technology and money are all at stake and have given rise to manycontroversial and heated debates over the Domain Name System (DNS).

This guide is intended to give you a working knowledge of how the DNSfunctions and to provide a framework for understanding the underlying issues.While the DNS is a technical process, this is not a technical manual. Rather,the focus is on business issues that potentially affect everyone who has a webaddress or wants one.

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7 How you use the DNS to find a web siteTo explain how the DNS works, we will use an example that most everyonecan relate to. Let's say you wanted to access the corporate web site of the well-known computer manufacturer, IBM. While "IBM" is really an acronym thatstands for "International Business Machines", it is the three letters that createthe identity or "branding" of the company. Hence, the web address iswww.ibm.com and recognized the world over.

Technically speaking, IBM's Internet address is 129.34.139.30. This numericreference is used by the global network of servers to locate IBM's web site.While the user types in www.ibm.com, the network actually locates theinformation stored at 129.34.139.30, and it is the DNS that makes this aseamless operation.

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8 A Short History of DNS

8.1 The Early Internet

From Sputnik to WWW (1957 to 1985)In 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik. In response, the US formed theAdvanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), under the authority of the USDepartment of Defense. ARPAnet was an experimental network developed inthe late 1960s by the US DoD to create a communications link that wouldenable ARPA scientists and research contractors to share their resources andideas. The network was designed to survive breakdowns along any of itsconnections, in case of a nuclear attack, through use of individual packetswitching computers interconnected by leased lines. If a connection brokedown, the packets would be automatically rerouted.

The Internet was bornBetween the 1960s and 1980s a number of significant developments helped toshape the Internet:

• Further developments of the Packet Switched Network

• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol)declared the standard for the US DoD (1982)

• Desktop workstations were introduced (early 1980s)

Between 1982 and 1984 the Internet underwent a number of changes totransform itself into a hierarchical administrative structure, not unlike theinternational postal system and the international telephone system. Theinternational telephone system is a four-level hierarchy consisting of a top levelor International Direct Dial Number, a second level or Country Code, a thirdlevel being City or Area Code, and fourth level the actual business or personalnumber.

The DNS is based on a four-level domain system and this is how we know ittoday:

top level domain gTLD (generic TLD) com, org, net, edu, mil, int

ccTLD (country code TLD) 2-letter international countrycodes as specified by the ISO 3166 standard

iTLD (international TLD) only for international organizations,such as the ITU (International Telecommunications Union)

second level domain up to 22 characters; can include a hyphen symbol; refers tospecific organizations

third level refers to a local area network within an organization

fourth level refers to a single computer within a local area network in anorganization

and is expressed in the format:

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<specific computer>.<local area network>.<organization>.com

proceeding left to right, with the most specific to the most general.

It wasn't long before numeric references were replaced by the friendlier andmore intuitive address strings we are accustomed to today.

1984 - DNS created and in 1985 - the first Top Level Domains definedThe DNS was created and an initial set of top level domains were proposed:

COM Commercial

ORG Organization

EDU Education

GOV Government

MIL Military

ccTLD Country Code TLDs

The DNS is a distributed database, which means that responsibility fordifferent components of a domain name reside in entirely differentorganizations, both local and national.

In terms of historical notations, the following chart notes the earliest registrantsfor some of the newly defined domains:

April 1985 cmu.edu, purdue.edu, rice.edu, ucla.edu are firstregistered DNS domains

May 1985 think.com is first registered .com domain

June 1985 css.gov is the first registered .gov domain

July 1985 mitre.org is the first registered .org domain

July 1985 .uk is the first registered country code domain

Oct 1985 there were a total of 2 .com; 1 .org; 14 .edu; 1.gov; 1 .uk domains (and no .net)

1988 - IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)Late in 1988 IANA came into existence as a government-funded authority thatassigns and distributes international domain names and IP (Internet Protocol)numbers or Internet addresses and oversees the Internet software protocols ofthe officially sanctioned root servers. It is the central registry for variousInternet protocol parameters, such as port, protocol and enterprise numbers,and options, codes, and types.

For more information about this body and its responsibilities, seewww.iana.org.

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Internet RegistriesWhile IANA focused on Internet standards, the day-to-day responsibility ofadministrating the DNS became the responsibility of:

INTERNIC/NSI

www.internic.netwww.networksolutions.com

Central registry(initially InterNIC, thenNSI)

APNIC www.apnic.net Regional registry forAsia Pacific

RIPE www.ripe.net Regional registry forEurope

ARIN www.arin.net Regional registry forWestern hemisphereand South Africa

Their primary activity is the allocation and registration of IP addresses(numeric addresses) and management of the corresponding DNS name space.They do not register conventional DNS names. A registry is defined as anorganization or entity that assigns and maintains domain names on the Internet.Refer to the websites noted above for more information about registries ingeneral and the specific registries in operation today.

1991 - World Wide Web (WWW)Internet hypertext-based global multimedia information network firstintroduced.

Refer to http://www.w3.org to keep up with the latest developments.

8.2 InterNIC and Network Solutions, Inc

In January 1993 InterNIC was formed as a collaborative DNS infrastructureproject by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and awarded NetworkSolutions, Inc (NSI) the registration services administration, AT&T thedatabase services management, and General Atomics the information servicescomponent.

NSI was awarded a five-year contract to administer the registration services ofthe .com, .edu, .gov, .net, and .org top level domains (to end 1998).

Is the "InterNIC" synonymous with Network Solutions, Inc.?No. The InterNIC is a concept for an integrated network information centerthat was developed by several companies, including Network Solutions, incooperation with the U.S. Government.

When the U.S. Government withdrew from the day-to-day responsibility ofDNS management, it out-sourced the responsibility of registering top-leveldomain names to Network Solutions. The name "InterNIC" is a registeredservice mark of the U.S. Department of Commerce and Network Solutions was

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required to drop that reference in 1995 when they started charging a fee (USGovernment withdrew its subsidy).

1996-97 IAHC (Internet International Ad Hoc Committee)A coalition of participants from the broad Internet community that cametogether as a committee to satisfy the requirement for enhancements to theInternet's global DNS. For more information refer towww.iahc.org/index.html.

This committee was disbanded in May, 1997, after finalizing the gTLD-MoU.This document can be found at www.gtld-mou.org and proposed the creationof seven new top level domains to relieve the pressure on the .com top leveldomain and end the monopoly control over its administration.

1998 - White PaperJune 1998 American government issued a white paper stating that it wanted toget out of the domain-name business altogether. The system would beregulated by a new not-for-profit entity (later called ICANN) that would beaccountable to the world-wide Internet community. This white paper and theearlier version known as the green paper can be found at www.ntia.doc.gov.

From here ICANN had overall responsibility for the DNS

October 1999 - Dispute ResolutionIn 1999 ICANN agreed to a dispute resolution process. This process has beenput in place and is operating at this time. As with any process such as this,there have been criticisms but at least the process has been established and isoperational.

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9 ICANNICANN is a global, non-profit, consensus-driven organization. It is a privatesector initiative to assume responsibility for overseeing the technicalcoordination of the Domain Name System (DNS), which allows Internetaddresses to be found by easy-to-remember names, instead of numbers.

Incorporated and headquartered in California, ICANN is a non-profitcorporation structured to make decisions on the basis of Internet communityconsensus. ICANN is a coalition of the Internet's business, technical, non-commercial, and academic communities

ICANN represents an unprecedented effort by the Internet business, technical,non-commercial and academic communities to create a globally representativeprivate sector (that is, non-governmental) policymaking body.

For more information on the background of ICANN, refer tohttp://www.icann.org/general/background.htm#1.

To keep up to date on new developments in ICANN, refer to www.icann.org.

9.1 ICANN Accredited Registrars

For a list of ICANN accredited registrars, refer tohttp://www.icann.org/registrars/accreditation.htm .

For details on the Shared Registry System (SRS) and how to becomeaccredited, refer to http://www.icann.org.

9.2 Dispute Resolution

The Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy proposed by ICANN late in 1999 isnow in operation. Under the policy, most types of trademark-based domain-name disputes must be resolved by agreement, court action, or arbitrationbefore a registrar will cancel, suspend, or transfer a domain name. Disputesalleged to arise from abusive registrations of domain names (for example,cybersquatting) may be addressed by expedited administrative proceedings thatthe holder of trademark rights initiates by filing a complaint with an approveddispute-resolution service provider. For more details refer to ICANN site athttp://www.icann.org/udrp/udrp.htm.

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10 Formation of APTLD - History & BackgroundBefore APTLD was voted as the name for Asia-Pacific Top Level DomainForum, it was called APccTLD. At the APRICOT meeting in Manila, Feb 18th1998, for the first time the formation of APTLD was discussed formally. Thepurpose of the APccTLD meeting is to establish a voice for AP regions'ccTLDs, and to participate in the processes of forming the new IANA.

IANA had been supported by grants from US Government contracts, this wasnot appropriate and it was time to reorganize the functions and support ofIANA. The Internet community was looking to form probably a not-for-profitcorporation, with an interim board of directors who would hire staff and createcommittees for address management, protocol management in conjunction withthe IETF and industry groups, and the management of domain names.

Professor Kilnam Chon explained that the idea for AP regional registries toform some representative organization came from conversations he had withJon Postel of IANA in late 1997. IANA wants some central contact point forccTLD administrators, and ccTLD administrators themselves have an interestin presenting a collective voice when the IANA is reformed following theWhite Paper.

After some discussion online and at the APRICOT meeting in Manila, amailing list and temporary web page was set up by Dr. Tan Tin Wee.

Key APTLD members were also involved in the formation of WWTLDwww.wwtld.org in an effort to bring the whole infrastructure together.Information about this can be found at mirage.irdu.nus.edu.sg/wwtld

10.1 Funding

There was seed funding for APTLD, to be paid on a volunteer basis on asliding scale from $1000 to $7000 maximum. In the Singapore meeting inAugust 1998, it was agreed by a majority that there be a payment of fees basedon the number of registrations which could produce revenue of $52,000 basedon 4 large TLD's, 5 medium TLD's and 5 small TLD's.

10.2 Membership

The meeting agreed that membership should be AP region ccTLDadministrative contacts and agreed to the following statement:

That voting membership is limited to the ccTLD administrative representativeor his/her designated representative. One vote per ccTLD.

There were 9 members of the meeting volunteered to form the Taskforce and a10th representative joined the group later. The taskforce was comprised of APregion ccTLD representatives present at the meeting:

1. KR Kilnam Chon

2. JP Toru Takahashi

3. AU Clive Flory

4. NU Bill Semich

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5. HK Che-Hoo Cheng

6. TW Kuo-Wei Wu

7. SG Agnes Lee

8. NZ Patrick O'Brien

9. CN Hualin Qian

10. Secretary Tan Tin Wee (at least until Singapore meeting)

Members of APTLD included according to the 12th August 1998 meeting:

1. Voting Member

2. Associate Member

3. Liaison Member (exchange)

4. Affiliation(one way from them to us)

10.3 Mailing Lists

Dr. Tan Tin Wee continued to act as Secretariat till the next meeting that wasscheduled to be held in Singapore. Dr. Tan would create 2 mailing lists:

1. [email protected]

2. [email protected]

Mailing Lists/Website was kept by Secretariat until Singapore meeting - underAPNG site after Singapore meeting. After the Singapore meeting the newsecretariat was assigned to create the lists under the organization's new name.

10.4 Aims of APTLD

1. Internet self governance Skill(maintaining stability and continuity)

2. Harmonization guidelines - good practice or bad practice e.g. USdomain name practice

3. Dispute resolution

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11 Internationalized Domain Names

11.1 Introduction

Today, the Internet has reached the four corners of the world to a diversecommunity with different languages and cultures. The World Wide Web hasprogressed to address the localization needs of its audience with Web pages indifferent languages a reality today. However, the Internet Domain NameSystem (DNS) which started out to be strictly based on a subset of the Latin 1alphabet, is still mainly English. For instance, today, you will still need to type"gbchinese.yahoo.com" instead of " " to reach the ChineseYahoo homepage. This restriction also applies to other aspects of the Internetwhich makes use of domain names as well, e.g. ftp, email, etc.

The iDNS project of the Centre for Internet Research (CIR) aims to addressthis issue with the following objectives:

• To create an experimental internationalized DNS as proof of conceptthat it is viable.

• To develop a proxy DNS server to work-around the restriction thatcurrent BIND implementation placed on the DNS.

• To operate a test-bed of pilot internationalized name server(s) withparticipating countries domain name registrars (NIC) or researchinstitutions.

11.2 Activities so far

After the research into the concept and operation of the iDNS, it was necessaryto operate the system in the real world in order to prove that it would work.

Late in 1999 the work was commercialised and several organisations becameregistrars of Internationalized Domain names in such places as Thailand,Singapore, Hong Kong and Chinese Taipei.

The next step in the process is to have the concept agreed to as an Internetstandard. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the place for this to bedone. At a meeting in February 2000 a working group was formed to work onthe concept. The following information was taken from the working group'sweb site.

Formation of Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) Working Groupon Internationalized Domain Name (idn)

Description of Working Group:Technical Advisor(s): John Klensin Harald Tveit Alvestrand

The goal of the group is to investigate and specify the requirements forinternationalized access to domain names.

The scope of the group is to investigate the possible means of doing this andwhat methods are feasible given the technical impact they will have on the useof such names by humans as well as application programs, as well as theimpact on other users and administrators of the domain name system.

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A fundamental requirement in this work is to not disturb the current use andoperation of the domain name system, and for the DNS to continue to allowany system anywhere to resolve any domain name.

The group will not address the question of what, if any, body should administeror control usage of names that use this functionality.

The Action Item(s) for the Working Group are

1. An Informational RFC specifying the requirements for providingInternationalized access to domain names. The document should provideguidance for development solutions to this problem, taking localized (e.g.writing order) and related operational issues into consideration.

2. An Informational RFC or RFC's documenting the various proposals andImplementations of Internationalization (i18n) of Domain Names. Thedocument(s) should also provide a technical evaluation of the proposals bythe Working Group.

Goals and Milestones:Feb 00 First draft of the requirements document

Mar 00 First draft of the proposal document(s)

Mar 00 Presentation and discussion at IETF-Adelaide, Australia

May 00 Second version of the requirement document

May 00 Second version of proposal document(s)

Jun 00 IETF presentation and wg last call

Jul 00 Requirements and proposal(s) sent to IESG for publication asInformational

11.3 Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC)

The following information was taken from the Proposed Bylaws from MINC(Multilingual Internet Names Consortium)http://www.minc.org/launch/bylaws1.0.html>

The Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC) is an internationalorganisation founded for the coordination on multilingual Internet namesworldwide and the facilitation of the internationalization of the Internet for allpeoples of the world.

The scope of the multilingual Internet names covered by MINC includesmultilingual domain names and multilingual keywords.

In the future, it plans to enlarge the scope to include other internationalizationprocesses which are needed for the Internet to be widely usable.

Introduction and Historical Background

Growth of the Internet using a single international language

The Internet at the time of the formation of the Consortium in the year 2000, islargely based on the ASCII character set, and on the usage of English as the

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international language of communication in the research, development,management, administration and policy of the Internet.

Increasing but incomplete support of the Internet for otherlanguages

Yet the Internet has evolved to support multilingual multiscript content andcommunications among nearly all peoples of the world, allow information suchas that of the World Wide Web, and email content to be transferred in thepreferred language of the user. However, not all aspects of the Internet thatneed multilingualisation to reflect its international global character has beeninternationalized to operate without the language constraint.

Internet internationalization

By overcoming any linguistic barriers introduced historically in the evolutionof the Internet, the ultimate aim of Internet internationalization is to make theInternet, its resources, its standards, its protocols, procedures and processes, itspolicies, management and administration, its deployment, development andevolution, globally accessible to all peoples of the world.

The process of internationalization includes internationalizing Internetprotocols to support multilingual characters, multilingualisation of standardsand support of multilingual names in the Internet.

Current difficulties in the internationalization process

The issues relating to multilingual support on the Internet are not wellunderstood technically. Politically, they are generally not well appreciated.

Asia Pacific Origin of the Internationalization of Internet Names

In order to facilitate the process of internationalization in the specific area ofmultilingual Internet names, the Consortium has been founded through theinitial effort of the Asia Pacific Networking Group (APNG) in 1998, thepioneering research work funded partially by the National University ofSingapore (NUS) and the PanAsia Networking R&D programme of theInternational Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada, and subsequentwork carried out by the diverse effort of members of the Asia Pacific Internetacademic, government and business communities.

Global reach of the Internationalization of Internet Names

Although the focus of the internationalization of Internet Names originated inthe Asia Pacific, its benefits are worldwide and participants in other regions areencouraged to join in the effort.

Membership

Scope of Membership

Notwithstanding its Asia Pacific origins, the Consortium draws membershipwithout geographical restrictions from a wide range of stakeholders includingproviders of Internet services, industry and commercial organisations, non-

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commercial organisations, country NICs, and government or quasi-governmentbodies, or any individuals of sufficient standing, dedicated to the process ofinternationalization of the Internet, in particular, of Internet Names.

Organizational Membership

Membership of the Consortium may consist of various companies andorganizations such as

- Software companies

- ISPs

- Regional organisations

- TLD administrators

- User Organisations

- Public Organisations

Membership carries voting rights vested in the official representative of theorganizational member.

Individual Membership

In addition, individual members are allowed as non-voting members.

Membership Fees

Membership fees shall be defined by the Board of the Consortium and may bemodified in their categories and quantum payable.

Aims, Objectives and Outcome of the ConsortiumMembers are dedicated to the following roles, aims and objectives of theConsortium.

The Overall Objective

The objective of the Consortium is to develop technical solutions supportinguse of the Internet in any region in the world where the English language or theASCII character set is not natively understood or in widespread use specificallywhere it pertains to Internet Names and their internationalization.

Coordination Role

The Consortium aims to coordinate the technical development and deploymentof multilingual Internet names worldwide, so as to reduce the digital divideartificially created by the need to use characters of a specific language beforeone can access and make full use of the Internet, be it World Wide Webaddresses or electronic mail addresses or Internet keywords.

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Cooperative Policy

The Consortium will work towards achieving internationalization of Internet inthe area of Multilingual Internet Names through dialogue, cooperation,coordination and liaison with existing organisations such as IETF, IESG,IANA, DNSO, ICANN, W3C, Unicode Consortium, IEEE, ISO and ITU, etc.

Evolutionary Policy

The Consortium shall work towards globalization of the internationalizationprocess in an integrated and incremental way that is backward compatible,future extensible and that preserves the integrity and stability of the Internet asfar as the multilingualisation process allows, respecting the evolutionarygrowth of the Internet process that has given rise to the universally adoptedglobal information infrastructure that the Internet is today (2000).

Desired Outcome

The Consortium will help to create a better future for future generations ofglobal Internet users who will be able to access, use, develop, participate in andbenefit from the Internet and its evolution from anywhere, at any time and inany language they are comfortable with, from any perspective of the Internetbe it consumer and provider, commercial and legal, technical, educational andscientific, management, policy, and administrative, etc. without any linguistichindrance.

11.4 Conclusion

In order to remain in touch with this work it is recommended that interestedparties keep in touch with it through the web sites of the IETF and the iDNS.These web sites are listed at the end of this document.

1 September, 2000

12 ccTLD Administration and Delegation PoliciesAt the last ICANN meeting, one of the agenda items was concerned withgovernmental responsibilities with regards the Domain Name System. Anoutline of the topic and the results of the meeting are shown below.

Issues Involved

ICANN's Cairo meeting will address the issues concerning what policiesshould apply to the administration and delegation of ccTLDs. Different aspectsof this set of issues are:

• Delegation issues. Under what circumstances should the designatedmanager of a ccTLD be changed? What principles should be applied indeciding what substititue manager to appoint? What is the role of thegovernment of the affected country or territory in redelegation issues?

• Allocation of global and local policy responsibility. As recognized inICP-1, the operation of a ccTLD has effects on all parts of the Internet,yet the local community has a special interest in the manner in which accTLD is operated. The global interest suggests that certain topics(those concerning interoperability, for example) should be the subjectof uniform, global policies. The local interest, on the other hand, cansometimes be served best by locally established policies that suit theeconomic, cultural, and linguistic circumstances of the country orterritory involved. What policies for the operation of ccTLDs should beestablished globally, and what policies should be set locally? What isthe relevance of laws of the country or territory associated with thecountry code to this allocation of policy-making responsibility?

• ccTLD relationship to ICANN/IANA. What services should theIANA (and ICANN) provide to support the operation of ccTLDs? Howcan ICANN best work with ccTLD managers to promote the stableoperation of the Internet?

• Participation in ICANN funding. The White Paper indicates thatICANN should be funded by name and address registries. What roleresponsibilities should ccTLD managers have to assist in ICANN'sfunding? What should be done if a manager does not meet theseresponsiblities?

The following was resolved at the meeting:

Resolved that the President and staff are authorized to work withthe ccTLD managers, Governmental Advisory Committee, andother interested parties to prepare draft language for contracts,policy statements, and/or communications, including appropriatefunding arrangements, to be presented to the Board and postedfor public comment as soon as practicable

1 September, 2000

13 Proposed new DomainsIn an effort to increase the number of names available in the Internet world,there has been a proposal on the table for some years with regards adding newgTLDs. There has been ongoing discussion on this topic and there was someexpectation among name providers and journalists that the new gTLD's will bereleased during the course of the year 2000.

More information on the background of the decision can be obtained fromhttp://www.gtld-mou.org.

Some proposed new gTLDs are:

.firm for businesses, or firms

.shop for businesses offering goods to purchase

.webfor entities emphasizing activities related to the World WideWeb

.arts for entities emphasizing cultural and entertainment activities

.rec for entities emphasizing recreation/entertainment activities

.info for entities providing information services

.nomfor those wishing individual or personal nomenclature, i.e., apersonal nom de plume

Note: an initial set of seven new generic TLDs was chosen by the InternationalAd Hoc Committee (IAHC) in its final report. Following a public request forcomments on the new names (Notice-97-02: Review of new generic Top LevelDomains (gTLDs), and consultation with the Council of Registrars (CORE)and the gTLD-MoU Policy Advisory Body, all of the gTLD names in theIAHC final report were confirmed except .store which was replaced by .shop.

The following was resolved regarding this issue at ICANN's meeting of the10th March 2000

Resolved that the Names Council is requested to submitrecommendations on the topic of the introduction of new generic top-level domains, taking into account protection of globally famoustrademarks, no later than April 20, 2000;

Resolved that the staff is authorized and instructed to prepare, takinginto account any working group reports and Names Councilrecommendations received and based on consultation with the NamesCouncil, draft policies, draft implementation documents, commentary,and statements of issues on these topics, to be posted for publiccomment on the ICANN web site in advance of the Board's meeting inYokohama on July 15-16, 2000; and

Resolved that the Board notes its intention to act on these topics at theYokohama meeting

At the Yokohama meeting, the issue was still left somewhat in the air withmore decisions to be made later in 2000.

1 September, 2000

The minutes of the meeting in Yokohama on this topic read as follows:

Resolved [00.46], that the Board hereby adopts the Names Council'srecommendation that a policy be established for the introduction of newTLDs in a measured and responsible manner.

Resolved [00.47], that the President is authorized to implement thispolicy according to the following schedule, which the President mayadjust if necessary to accommodate circumstances that arise:

1 August 2000 - ICANN to issue a formal call for proposals by thoseseeking to sponsor or operate one or more new TLDs, accompanied bya New TLD Registry Application Form, instructions for filling out theapplication, and a statement of criteria for the Board's eventualdecision.

1 October 2000 - Deadline for ICANN's receipt of applications.Portions of these applications deemed appropriate for publication forpurposes of public comment or otherwise will be posted on ICANN'sweb site.

15 October 2000 - Close of period for public comments on proposals.

20 November 2000 - After approval by the Board, ICANN to announceselections for negotiations toward entry of agreements with registrysponsors and operators.

31 December 2000 - Target date for completion of negotiations.

1 September, 2000

14 Country Domains used for other purposesA search on the internet of the .cc domain (Cocos Keeling Islands) finds over70,000 pages. This would be amazinggiven the small population of thisIsland but that the operators of thedomain have decided to market thisdomain as a dot com alternative. Fromtheir website (http://spot.cc/ccfaqs/):

Dot cc (.cc) is a premium, international top-leveldomain (TLD) that works worldwide on the internetjust like .com, .net and .org. All DNS nameservers inthe world recognize .cc, just like .com. Assigned by theInternational Standards Organization (ISO), .cc isadministered in the United States and managed by anAmerican Company. It has been adopted by ICANN foruse as a global ccTop Level Domain, originating for thebeautiful Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

This is an interesting development that TEL members should be aware of as itis sure that others will follow this procedure as well.

An example of another country that is using its country level domain foranother reason is the Philippines. (.ph)

Recently the Philippines DNRA included the ability to register names directlyonto the .ph level without needing to use .com etc. They are now marketingthis domain level as .phone

From their website (http://www.names.ph/) is the following:

DotPhone domains can be used as a:

• Mail address• Web address• Phone address (mobile)• Phone address (landline)• Fax address• Pager address• Instant Messaging Address• PGP Public key Address• Physical address (snail mail)• Name Address (Person's Name)

DotPHone domains end in PH.

This could be a significant development due to the increase in use of InternetPhones and Wireless Phones.

1 September, 2000

15 Registering Domains in Multiple EconomiesWhile it is possible to contact each DNRA to establish a name in eacheconomy, most people will see this as a tedious and time-consuming activity.In recent times companies have sprung up that offer a service to be able toregister domain names across many countries.

Business users should keep in mind, however, that these companies are notable to bypass the requirements imposed by each DNRA. These requirementsinclude having a registered company in the target economy or having a localrepresentative in the target economy.

There are many resources today to find out more about these types of servicesand the best place to start is the ICANN list of accredited registrars. This canbe found at:

http://www.icann.org/registrars/accreditation-qualified-list.html

1 September, 2000

16 Survey Questionnaire1. Business Name:

2. Contact Details:

Name:

Phone #:

Email:

URL:

3. Date first offered services (MM/YY): _______/_______

4. Type of organization (check only one):

_____ Government entity

_____ Public corporation

_____ Private company

_____ Institution under auspices of university

_____ Other __________________________________

5. Financial structure (check only one):

_____ Profit making entity

_____ Not-for-profit entity

6. What is your main source of funding?

7. Relationship between government and NIC:

8. How many people are engaged in the RAs?

9. Domain structure:

Top level: _____________("jp" "au" "sg")

Second level: ______ ______ ______ ______"com" "co" "edu" "org" "or" "gov" "go"

10. What is the second level domain names and their meanings in detail?(i.e..CO means Co., Ltd, LLC and other forms of company, bank, foreign-affiliated company.)

11. Policies on REGISTRAR and REGISTRY responsibilities:

_____ Operation of registry and registrar is limited to NIC only.

_____ NIC solely manages registry, but ISPs allowed to act asregistrars.

_____ Price is the same if registration handled by either NIC or ISP.

_____ Price differs, depending on whether directly to NIC or

1 September, 2000

through ISP.

_____ Policy of one domain name per one registering organization.

_____ No restrictions on number of domain names per organization.

_____ Requirement to have corporate registration withingeographical border of designated country.

_____ Only requirement is to have a postal address withindesignated geographical border.

_____ No requirements.

_____ To avoid trademark disputes, registered domain names mustbe similar to registered name of organization (must showownership of business name).

_____ Not currently managed by NIC.

_____ Transfer of domain names is prohibited.

_____ Not the concern of NIC.

12. Any problems related to the structure of domain names?

13. What are your biggest challenges today in running this operation?

14. What are your major concerns as you look forward to the next 5 years ofoperation?

15. What is the nature of your backup procedures and disaster recovery plan?

16. What are your procedures for handling disputes? How are users madeaware of this process?

17. In the unlikely event that you cease to exist as a NIC, what happens to theusers you have served?

18. Have you been involved (either directly or indirectly) in a trademark suit?If so, what was the outcome?

19. What role do you believe government should play in managing domainname registrations?

20. What role do you believe APEC should play in this process?

21. Is there a real or perceived shortage of available domain names in youreconomy?

22. Additional comments on any subject related to domain name registration.

23. Language used in web site

24. Opinion of NIC on Internationalised Domain Names

1 September, 2000

17 Survey SummaryIn the following sub-sections, ordered alphabetically and according to APECconventions, you will find the survey summaries for each of the 21 APECeconomies.

17.1 Australia

Country Code.au

Web Addresswww.auda.org.au

[email protected]

Phone61 4 1374 3959

Management StructureNot for profit

Domain Name Registration since04/ 99

LanguageEnglish only.

Initial cost per domainFor .com.au

Standard Service Leve $125 Turnaround Time - Two days*

Express Service Level $285 Turnaround Time - Two hours*

* Victorian working days, during standard working hours

plus 10% GST

Domainscom.au, org.au, gov.au, edu.au, net.au, asn.au, info.au, conf.au, id.au, oz.au

Registration Policy.com.au Must be registered to trade in Australia (Australian Company Numberor Registered Business Number required)

1 September, 2000

17.2 Brunei

Country Code.bn

Web Addresswww.telecom.gov.bn/sol/brudomain.htm

[email protected]

Phone673-2 382382 x 2226

Management StructureGovernment entity

Domain Name Registration since1995

LanguageEnglish only

Initial cost per domainNo cost at this time

Domainscom.bn, org.bn, gov.bn, edu.bn, net.bn, brunet.bn

Registration Policy.com.bn Registration Policy: 'Requirement to have corporation registeredwithin Brunei.'

1 September, 2000

17.3 Canada

Country Code.ca

Web Addresswww.cira.ca

E-Mailturcotte@ canarie.ca

Phone+1 613-943-5454

Management StructurePrivate company

Domain Name Registration sinceThe first administrator of the .ca began accepting registrations in the .ca inJanuary 1988. CIRA will assume responsibility for the management andadministration of the .ca in Fall, 2000.

LanguageFrench and English

Initial cost per domainFor 1 year it is $50.00 plus GST. There is a discount for longer periods.

DomainsSecond level: Divided into 13 provincial and territorial slds, one for eachprovince or territory. There is also a sld devoted to the federal government(.gc.ca)

Please note that .ca currently, and will continue to allocate names at the 2ndlevel (open) as well as the third (as per the 13 above i.e. xyz.qc.ca) and 4th(city must exist in one of the above 13 provinces/territories i.e.xyz.toronto.on.ca).

Registration PolicyCompany .ca Registration Policy: 'Must be legal entity (federally incorporatedor has office in multiple provinces or territories or owns a Canadian registeredtrademark).'

1 September, 2000

17.4 Chile

Country Code.cl

Web Addresswww.nic.cl

[email protected]

Phone+56 2 689 8482

Management Structure


LanguageSpanish with an English form for foreigners

Initial cost per domainApplications for Domain Creation: Ch$ 25.000 (VAT included), approx. US$50

DomainsFlat Structure. Organisation can register almost anything they would(within therules) like under .cl.

Registration PolicyDomain registrations under .CL now require a local presence in Chile. Foreignapplicants must provide the name and RUT number of an administrativecontact with an address in Chile. The following information must be faxedafter the initial request is made: a signed statement accepting the rulesgoverning domain registrations, and a photocopy of the applicant's ID(National ID card for individuals, Chilean Tax ID for institutions).

1 September, 2000

17.5 China

Country Code.cn

Web Addresswww.cnnic.net.cn

[email protected]

Phone+86 010 626 19750



LanguageChinese and English

Initial cost per domain300 RMB per year

Domainscom.cn,org.cn,gov.cn, edu.cn,ac.cn,net.cn, geographical (34 administrativedivisions based on geography)

Registration Policy.com.cn Registration Policy: Must have branches or offices in China. Maindomain name server should be inside China.

1 September, 2000

17.6 Hong Kong

Country Code.hk

Web Addresswww.hknic.net.hk/hknic

[email protected]

Phone+852 859 2491

Management StructurePrivate company under auspices of universities

Domain Name Registration sinceDec-94


Initial cost per domainThe registration fee is $200. $200 will also be charged for change of nameservers.

Domainscom.hk,org.hk, gov.hk,edu.hk, net.hk

Registration Policy.com.hk Registration Policy: 'Must be registered with a public registry in HongKong (company/business registry). If multinational must use registeredsubsidiary to register.'

1 September, 2000

17.7 Indonesia

Country Code.id

Web Addresswww.idnic.net.id

[email protected]

Phone+62 22 250 6280

Management Structureother


LanguageBahasa Indonesia and some English

Initial cost per domainac.id, co.id, or.id, net.id : Rp 150.000,- +10% tax (one time fee) web.id Rp150.000,- + 10% tax (yearly) go.id, mil.id, sch.ac.id (free)

Domainsco.id,or.id,go.id, ac.id,net.id,mil.id, sch.ac.id and web.id

Registration Policy.co.id Registration Policy: 'Companies formally registered in Indonesia andproof of registration is required.'

1 September, 2000

17.8 Japan

Country Code.jp

Web Addresswww.nic.ad.jp

[email protected]

Phone+81 3 5297 2311



LanguageJapanese and English

Initial cost per domain20,000 yen per year

Domainsco.jp,or.jp,go.jp, ac.jp,ed.jp,ad.jp, ne.jp,gr.jp,geographical (40 prefectures, 10big cities)

Registration Policy.co.jp Registration Policy: 'Requirement to have corporation registered inJapan.'

1 September, 2000

17.9 Korea

Country Code.kr

Web Addresswww.nic.or.kr

[email protected]

Phone+82 2 2186 4400

Management Structurenon-profit organization

Domain Name Registration sinceApril, 1993

LanguageKorean and English


Domainsco.kr, or.kr, go.kr, ac.kr, ne.kr, re.kr, pe.kr, seoul.kr, pusan.kr, taegu.kr,inchon.kr, kwangju.kr, taejon.kr, ulsan.kr, kyonggi.kr, kangwon.kr,chungbuk.kr, chungnam.kr, chonbuk.kr, chonnam.kr, kyongbuk.kr,kyongnam.kr, cheju.kr, es.kr, ms.kr, hs.kr, sc.kr(4 are not in use yet, will bedeployed soon)

Registration Policy.co.kr Registration Policy: 'Only Korean organizations or Korean branches ofa foreign company.'

1 September, 2000

17.10 Malaysia

Country Code.my

Web Addresswww.mynic.net

[email protected]

Phone+60 3 8657 7008

Management StructureMIMOS is a company wholly owned by the Government of Malaysia



Initial cost per domainRM100.00 per year

Domainscom.my,org.my, gov.my,edu.my, net.my

Registration Policy.com.my Registration Policy: 'Only Malaysian based organizations registeredwith Registry of Companies (ROC), Registry of Business (ROB), or Registryof Society (ROS) in Malaysia are eligible to apply.'

1 September, 2000

17.11 Mexico

Country Code.mx

Web Addresswww.nic.mx

[email protected]

Phone+52 8 387 5346

Management StructureInstitution under auspices of Private University

Domain Name Registration sinceFeb-89

LanguageSpanish/English

Initial cost per domainthe quota of registry for new names of dominion is of $70,00 USD (IVAincluding) or its equivalent one in national currency.

Domainscom.mx, net.mx, org.mx, edu.mx, gob.mx

Registration Policycom.mx

1 September, 2000

17.12 New Zealand

Country Code.nz

Web Addresswww.domainz.net.nz

[email protected]

Phone+64 4 473 4567

Management StructureLimited Company, owned 100% by a not for profit entity, ISOCNZ



Initial cost per domainAccount set up (one time costs for one or more domain names): NZ$30

Annual charge for domain name: NZ$44

Domainsco.nz, org.nz, govt.nz, ac.nz, net.nz, gen.nz, mil.nz, cri.nz, iwi.nz, school.nz

Registration Policy.co.nz Registration Policy: Registration is a listing service, carried out on a"first come, first served" basis. Conflict between an applicant and an existingname holder is for those parties to resolve. Applicants inform Domainz of theirrights to use a name

1 September, 2000

17.13 Papua New Guinea

Country Code.pg

Web Addresswww.unitech.ac.pg/Unitech_General/ITS/ITS_Dns.htm

[email protected] [email protected]

Phone(675) 473 4722

(675) 473 4221

Management StructureManaged by the Office of the Vice Chancellor, PNG Uni. of Technology


LanguageEnglish

Initial cost per domain.net & .com $US100

.gov, .ac .org $US50

Domains.net, .com, .gov, .ac, .org

Registration Policy.com.pg: Domain name operations is not commercially driven. To qualify forregistrations are the applicant must have a physical presence in PG, have a PGBusiness Number and the domain name applied for must reflect very closelythe registered name.

1 September, 2000

17.14 Peru

Country Code.pe

Web Addresshttp://www.nic.pe/

[email protected]

[email protected]

Phone+51 (1) 422-4848

+51 (1) 421-8086

Management StructureNon Profit Organization


LanguageSpanish only

Initial cost per domainFor all dominions US$118 dollars.

DomainsSecond level: edu.pe; gob.pe; mil.pe; org.pe; com.pe; net.pe; nom.pe

Registration Policy.com.pe will be assigned following the criterion of " first come, first served".Individuals are not allowed to register .com.pe Domains

1 September, 2000

17.15 Philippines

Country Code.ph

Web Addresswww.names.ph

[email protected]

Phone+63 2 637 2104

Management StructurePublic Corporation



Initial cost per domainUS$ 70 for first 2 years -$25/yr subsequently

DomainsPH has also introduced flat domains As well as com.ph,org.ph,gov.ph,edu.ph,net.ph,mil.ph, ngo.ph

Registration Policy.com.ph Registration Policy: No requirement for local presence.

1 September, 2000

17.16 Russia

Country Code.ru

Web Addresswww.ripn.net/nic

[email protected]

Phone+7 095 196-7278 +7 095 737-06-01, 737-06-02, 737-06-03

Management StructureNon-commercial organization

Domain Name Registration since12/93

LanguageRussian and English

Initial cost per domainCost of registration of a second level domain in .RU zone is $30 USA(excluding VAT).

Domainscom.ru,org.ru, net.ru,mil.ru, pp.ru, gov.ru, ac.ru, edu.ru (ru-zone genericdomains) at the same time registration of other second level domains is allowed

Registration Policy.com.ru Registration Policy: Foreign organizations can register domains in.RU, .COM.RU, .NET.RU, .ORG.RU and .PP.RU zones, acting both asadministrators and payers. Such organizations can fail to have their offices inRussia and can use services of non-Russian providers.

1 September, 2000

17.17 Singapore

Country Code.sg

Web Addresswww.nic.net.sg

[email protected]

Phone+65 774 0479

Management StructurePublic Corporation



Initial cost per domainFor the 1st domain name to be registered in the name of the Applicant, $60.00For the 2nd and every subsequent domain name to be registered in the name ofthe Applicant, S$120.00 for each and every domain name.

Domainscom.sg,org.sg, gov.sg,edu.sg, net.sg, per.sg

Registration Policy.com.sg Registration Policy: 'Commercial entities which are either registeredor about to be registered with the Registry of Companies and Business (RCB)or its equivalent. Foreign company may only apply if it has a registeredrepresentative in Singapore.'

1 September, 2000

17.18 Chinese Taipei

Country Code.tw

Web Addresswww.twnic.net.tw

[email protected]

Phone886 2 2341 1313

Management Structurenon-profit organization


LanguageChinese and English

Initial cost per domainNT$1000 per year

Domainscom.tw,org.tw, gov.tw,edu.tw, net.tw,mil.tw

Registration Policy.com.tw Registration Policy: Applicants for domain names under thiscategory must be commercial entities which are either registered or are about tobe registered in Taiwan. A foreign company which is not so registered mayonly apply for such a domain name if it has a representative in Taiwan. Thislocal representative must itself be registered with the Registry of Companiesand Businesses and be authorised by the foreign company to apply for theregistration of the domain name.

1 September, 2000

17.19 Thailand

Country Code.th

Web Addresswww.thnic.net

[email protected]

Phone+662 524 5703

Management StructurePart of University


LanguageThai and English

Initial cost per domainTHB : 1,500.00 + VAT or USD : 55.00

Domainsco.th,or.th, go.th,ac.th, net.th,mi.th,in.th

Registration Policy.co.th Registration Policy: Applicants for domain names under this categorymust be commercial entities which are either registered within Thailand. Aforeign company which is not so registered may only apply for such a domainname if it has a representative in Thailand and this local representative mustitself be registered within Thailand and be authorised by the foreign companyto apply for the registration of the domain name

1 September, 2000

17.20 USA

Country Code.us

Web Addresswww.nic.us

[email protected]

Phone1-310-448-8239


Domain Name Registration since


Initial cost per domainFree

DomainsThe US Domain currently registers businesses, individuals, federal governmentagencies, state government agencies, K-12 schools, community colleges,technical/vocational schools, private schools, libraries, museums, and city andcounty government agencies.

Registration PolicyThere is no .com.us and so there is no policy for its operation

1 September, 2000

17.21 Vietnam

Country Code.vn

Web AddressNo web site at this time

[email protected]

Phone"+84 4 822 7066" Mr Hai and J22 Mrs Le Thi Ngoc Mo



LanguageNo web site at this time


Domainscom.vn,org.vn, gov.vn,net.vn, int.vn

Registration Policy.com.vn Interim Registration Policy: 'Must be an organization that has beenregistered according to law and can independently assume civil liability.'

1 September, 2000

17.22 International Domain(.int)

Country CodeNot applicable

Web Addresswww.iana.org

[email protected]

Phone+1.310.822.1511 x302



LanguageEnglish

Initial cost per domainFree

DomainsNot applicable

Registration PolicyTo register in the INT domain, the applicant must comply with therequirements found in RFC 1591. In brief, the INT domain is used only forregistering organizations established by international treaties betweengovernments or Internet infrastructure databases

1 September, 2000

18 StatisticsThere are many places on the web where statistics of the number of domainsthat have been registered are shown. There seems to be some discrepanciesbetween the figures shown in these surveys and so we have shown three typesof sources here.

18.1 Domain registration information directly from the NIC

The following information was gathered from those Domain name registrationauthorities that supply registration numbers.

Canada

as of March 15, 2000

CA Registered Organizations by Classification

Commercial Educational Government Other Total

63,006 3,483 1,647 1,1048 79,184

People's Republic of China

January 2000

Domain Names Registered In The Top-Level Domain "CN":

Ac.cn Com.cn Edu.cn Gov.cn Net.cn Org.cn (Aadn).cn total

500 38776 731 2479 3753 940 1516 48695

*AADN = Administration Area Domain Name

Hong Kong

As on June 2000

com.hk edu.hk gov.hk net.hk org.hk Total

36,261 825 126 102 1,363 38,677

Indonesia

July 20 2000

ac.id co.id mil.id net.id or.id sch.id web.id Total

229 4803 6 89 1156 357 556 7196

Japan

As on 1 January 2000

jp ad ac co go or ne gr ed geo Total

1 233 1,878 98,897 421 6,904 7,115 4,969 1,589 2,566 124,573

1 September, 2000

Korea

Total domains registered to June 2000

co ac re ne or pe go regional total

398,737 713 867 6,049 13575 43656 527 6060 470,184

Malaysia

Domains registered to the end of 1999

*.com.my *.net.my *.org.my *.gov.my *.edu.my Total

8,742 404 257 287 209 9,899

Mexico

06/30/00

edu.mx edu.mx com.mx net.mx org.mx gob.mx Total

177 696 42987 716 1827 802 47205

Singapore

As at February 1999

edu.sg com.sg net.sg org.sg gov.sg Total

1.3% 92.5% 0.4% 4.8% 0.8% 9,401

18.2 Top-Level Domain Name as at July1999

Internet Software Consortium( http://www.isc.org/)

Distribution by Top-Level Domain Name by NameJanuary 2000

Domain Hosts Level 2 Level 3 Name

au 1,090,468 62 39,477 Australia

ca 1,669,664 6,794 393,591 Canada

cl 40,190 2,047 13,989 Chile

cn 71,769 46 1,202 China

com 24,863,331 29,075,185 8,202,003 Commercial

edu 6,085,137 4,039 1,988,558 Educational

gov 777,750 486 272,094 Government

hk 114,882 15 13,940 Hong Kong

id 21,052 12 992 Indonesia

int 8,727 38 7,680 Internat Orgs

jp 2,636,541 105 67,717 Japan

kr 283,459 34 4,914 Korea

mil 1,751,866 76 196,183 US Military

1 September, 2000

my 59,012 25 4,485 Malaysia

mz 162 11 123 Mozambique

nz 271,003 18 7,436 New Zealand

org 959,827 124,147 739,844 Organizations

pe 9,230 9 1,191 Peru

pg 337 5 51 Papua New Guinea

ph 12,394 23 424 Philippines

ru 214,704 6,747 114,453 Russian Federation

sg 148,249 12 2,403 Singapore

tw 597,036 25 6,423 Chinese Taipei

us 1,875,663 84 3,505 United States

vn 126 11 116 VietNam

"Source: Internet Software Consortium( http://www.isc.org/)"

18.3 Net Names Statistics

Domain names not operated by the InterNIC, showing only those withmore than 2,000 registrations.

Last Updated - Sunday January 31, 2000 08:13:05 AM

ISO and other country level domains

.au (Australia) 122,061

.jp (Japan) 65,017

.kr (Korea) 144,172

.ca (Canada) 61,498

.nz (New Zealand) 48,855

.tw (Taiwan) 18,727

.cn (China) 32,076

.mx (Mexico) 18,142

Powered by NetNames

© 1997-99 NetNames Ltd. Non commercial use of these statistics is granted solong as NetNames is acknowledged as the originator of them. For furtherstatistical information on Domain Names and NetNames services contact

[email protected]

1 September, 2000

19 Conclusion and Ongoing WorkConsidering the amount of effort required to compile this information into aconcise and meaningful document, AOEMA firmly believes that a user guideof domain name registration procedures for all APEC economies would be avaluable addition to the APEC TEL "bookshelf". AOEMA presented this userguide to TEL 21 in March, 2000.

In keeping with AOEMA's commitment to support and facilitate the TEL, thisuser guide will become a living document on the AOEMA website andcontinuously updated as required.

Also AOEMA has prepared a full report with responses from all Authorities inthe APEC region, to present at TEL22. Meanwhile there are issues whichGovernments need to follow. Two of which are identified below.

• APEC governments need to take particular note to therecommendations that are being made to ICANN regardinggovernmental responsibilities in relation to the Domain Name system.

• Internationalised Domain Names have become a topic which will be ofsignificant importance to the development of the internet in thoseeconomies which do not use the western alphabet. Governments shouldmonitor and encourage this development.

• The new top level domains which are being considered by ICANN atthe moment will have a significant impact upon company names andhow they are used on the net, in each economy. The businessregistration departments of all economies should take an active interestin this development

1 September, 2000

• Also the issue of "cybersquatting" is still unresolved and has farreaching ramifications for both users and policy makers. An exampleof the type of activity that is causing concern with the activities ofcybersquatters is shown below.

1 September, 2000

20 Appendices

20.1 How to Register a Domain Name

To assist you in the actual registration process, the following terms are defined:

WHOIS The first step in the registration process is to determineis the domain name you want is available. This isaccomplished by searching the WHOIS database. AWHOIS search can help you find the followinginformation:

• domain name• organization using domain name• status of domain name• administrative contact information• technical contact information• billing contact• primary and secondary domain servers• date the domain record was created• date the domain record was last updated• date the database was last updated

organizationusing domainname

If an organization will own the domain, use the name ofthat organization. If an individual will own the domain,enter the individual's name as the organization name.The organization or person identified should be capableof having legal title to the domain.

administrativecontact

The Administrative Contact is the person who will haveultimate authority over decisions affecting the domainname registration. Enter information about a person whowill represent the organization in an administrative (nottechnical) capacity. This may be the administrativehead of the organization, or anybody else who isauthorized to represent the organization. It's alsopossible to list a "role" position (e.g. "Vice President","Administrative domain rep", etc) that may be filled byany available person. Listing a role position has theadvantage that the listed domain information does notget outdated when a designated employee leaves thecompany.

billing contact The Billing Contact is the one who will be involvedwith payment of invoices and maintenance fees.Invoices from the registration authority are sent to eitherthe specified "billing contact" or if not filled in, willautomatically be sent to the administrative contact.Again, it is possible to list a "role" position ( eg"Accounts Payable", "Domain Payments", etc) that maybe filled by any available person.

1 September, 2000

ISP primary andsecondary nameservers andtechnical contact

Unless you have your own server on which you hostyour own website, this information is in terms of yourInternet Service Provider (ISP). You will need to findout the name, address, phone, e-mail, fax of your ISP,and the addresses and domain names of their primaryand secondary name servers.

technical contact Usually an individual associated with your ISP whoknows how to modify the domain name server softwarefiles.

administrative,billing andtechnicalcontacts

It is possible for all three entities to be the sameindividual and can be noted as such on the registrationform.

General Tips for Online Registration Forms

• use only alphanumeric characters in the registrationtemplate. Any control characters such asampersands, asterisks, parentheses, etc., will likelybe returned by the automated responder;

• submit only the most current version of the DomainName Registration form. Check the site you areusing for the latest form version;

• many systems require that you submit yourapplication with the legal agreement attached; donot alter the agreement in any way - do not insert ordelete any lines or words;

• phone and fax number must be in numeric format;

• avoid sending registration applications asattachments, as many systems are incapable ofopening attachments;

• country and state codes must be valid ISO 3166codes;

• be sure all email addresses are in standard format;

• use role accounts, not name accounts, withinorganizations to ensure access to domain recordseven if an employee leaves the company;

20.2 Reference: Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy

Up to this point in time it has been the responsibility of individualregistries/registrars to publish their own dispute resolution policy. Refer to thewebsites of individual registries/registrars for more detail.

In recent times there has been considerable discussion in the internationalcommunity to establish a uniform policy to govern disputes regarding domain

1 September, 2000

name registrations. For more information on current developments, thefollowing web addresses may be of interest to TEL delegates:

• Proposed “Model Uniform Dispute Policy” and minutes fromICANN meeting held August 24-26, 1999, when resolution wasadopted by ICANN Board of Directors – www.icann.org

• Comments and recommendations from WIPO –http://wipo2.wipo.int/process/eng/processhome.html

• Comments on ICANN Board Meeting and adoption of ModelUniform Dispute Policy – www.icannwatch.com

20.3 Glossary of Terms

AdministrativeContact

The Administrative Contact is the person who willhave ultimate authority over decisions affecting thedomain name registration. Enter information about aperson who will represent the organization in anadministrative (not technical) capacity. This may bethe administrative head of the organization, oranybody else who is authorized to represent theorganization. It's also possible to list a "role"position (e.g. "Vice President", "Administrativedomain rep", etc) that may be filled by any availableperson. Listing a role position has the advantagethat the listed domain information does not getoutdated when a designated employee leaves thecompany.

Administrative,Billing AndTechnicalContacts

It is possible for all three entities to be the sameindividual and can be noted as such on theregistration form.

APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Center. Theirprimary activity is the allocation and registration ofIP addresses (numeric addresses) and managementof the corresponding DNS name space. They do notregister conventional DNS names

APNG Asia Pacific Networking Group (APNG) is anInternet organization dedicated to the advancementof networking infrastructure in this region, and to theresearch and development of all associated enablingtechnologies. Its mission is to promote the Internetand the coordination of network inter-connectivity inthe Asia Pacific Region.

APRICOT Asia Pacific Regional Internet Conference onOperational Technologies

1 September, 2000

APTLD Involvement of the Internet naming in the Asia-Pacific region. The involvement includes thefollowing:

• Internet governance relevant to naming• Maintaining stability and continuity of

naming systems• Skill development• Harmonization of naming in the region• Facilitation of dispute resolution• Representation of TLDs in Asia-Pacific• Liaison with other bodies• Education• Research and Development

ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers. A non-profit registry responsible for the administration andregistration of Internet Protocol (IP) numbers inNorth and South America, South Africa, theCaribbean, and all other regions currently managedby Network Solutions, Inc. Their primary activity isthe allocation and registration of IP addresses(numeric addresses) and management of thecorresponding DNS name space. They do notregister conventional DNS names

ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency, the centralresearch and development organization for the USDepartment of Defense. By 1972, a "D" was addedto indicate the connection to the DOD.

ARPANET A pioneering network of Advanced ResearchProjects Agency computers under the authority ofthe DOD. Predecessor to the Internet.

Billing Contact The Billing Contact is the one who will be involvedwith payment of invoices and maintenance fees.Invoices from the registration authority are sent toeither the specified "billing contact" or if not filledin, will automatically be sent to the administrativecontact. Again, it is possible to list a "role" position( eg "Accounts Payable", "Domain Payments", etc)that may be filled by any available person.

BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain. BIND software,developed by the University of California atBerkeley, implements a DNS server and a resolverlibrary that enables clients to store and retrieveresources or objects and share this information withother resources on the network. Most Internet hostsrun BIND.

ccTLD Country Code top level domain

1 September, 2000

Country code A two-character abbreviation for a countryaccording to the standards promulgated by ISO3166. This alpha code is used as a top level domainidentifier to assist root servers in finding a specificcomputer address.

DNS Domain Naming System. The DNS is a generalpurpose distributed, replicated, data query service.The principal use is the lookup of host IP addressesbased on host names. The style of host names nowused in the Internet is called "domain name," whichoffers a means of mapping an easy-to-remembername to an Internet Protocol number. The DNS isadministered by the Internet Assigned NumbersAuthority.

Domain name A unique alpha-numeric designation to facilitatereference to the sets of numbers that actually locate aparticular computer connected to the globalinformation network.

gTLD Generic top level domain. An internationallyallocated portion of name space

Host name The name given to a machine which is the part of theInternet address located immediately left of the"dot".

HTTP Hypertext Transfer protocol. The set of rules thatgovern the transfer of most documents traveling overthe Internet. It appears at the beginning of everyInternet address.

IAB Internet Architecture Board (formerly InternetActivities Board), a technical body that oversees thedevelopment of the Internet suite of protocols.

IAHC International Ad Hoc Committee. IAHC was a non-governmental task force of eleven Internet expertsdrawn from Internet-related boards. It was dissolvedon May 1, 1997.

IANA Internet Assigned Numbers AuthorityIANA is a government-funded authority that assignsand distributes international domain names and IPnumbers or Internet addresses and oversees theInternet software protocols of the officiallysanctioned root servers.

1 September, 2000

ICANN The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names andNumbers is the non-profit corporation that wasformed to assume responsibility for the IP addressspace allocation, protocol parameter assignment,domain name system management, and root serversystem management functions now performed underU.S. Government contract by IANA and otherentities.

iDNS A project which is working on a method of allowingdomain names to be registered which are inlanguages and alphabets, other than English

INTA International Trademark Association, based in NewYork City and has worldwide membership.

Internet International network of networks, the world'slargest network of interconnected computers used byindividuals, organizations, and businesses for theexchange of information, goods and services. TheInternet came into being between the late 1970s andearly 1980s with the development and adoption ofTCP/IP, which allowed ARPANET to join withother networks.

IETF The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is alarge open international community of networkdesigners, operators, vendors, and researchersconcerned with the evolution of the Internetarchitecture and the smooth operation of theInternet. It is open to any interested individual

Internet address A 32-bit quantity that uniquely identifies a node onthe Internet, i.e., both the network and the specifichost that a network application is running on.

IP Internet Protocol, defined in RFC 791, is thenetwork layer for the TCP/IP Protocol Suite. It is aconnectionless, best-effort packet switchingprotocol.

IP address Every machine on the Internet has a unique 32-bitnumerical assignment which allows computers andhosts on the network to locate it. The IP addressconsists of a dotted octet, four sets of numbersseparated by dots. If a machine does not have an IPaddress, it is not officially on the Internet.

ISP Internet Service Provider.

1 September, 2000

ISP primary andsecondary nameservers andtechnical contact

Unless you have your own server on which you hostyour own website, this information is in terms ofyour Internet Service Provider (ISP). You will needto find out the name, address, phone, e-mail, fax ofyour ISP, and the addresses and domain names oftheir primary and secondary name servers.

NIC Network Information Center

OrganizationUsing DomainName

If an organization will own the domain, use thename of that organization. If an individual will ownthe domain, enter the individual's name as theorganization name. The organization or personidentified should be capable of having legal title tothe domain.

Registry An organization or entity that assigns and maintainsdomain names on the Internet.

Resolver a set of routines residing in a system library thatprovides the interface that programs can use toaccess a domain name.

RIPE NCC Reseaux IP Europeens - Network CoordinationCentre. Their primary activity is the allocation andregistration of IP addresses (numeric addresses) andmanagement of the corresponding DNS name space.They do not register conventional DNS names

Router A device which forwards traffic between networks.

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol over InternetProtocol. This is a common shorthand which refersto the suite of transport and application protocolsthat allow different networks around the world tocommunicate packets to each other.

TechnicalContact

Usually an individual associated with your ISP whoknows how to modify the domain name serversoftware files.

URL Uniform Resource Locator. The letters thatcorrespond to an IP address and identify the locationof a particular document on a particular hostcomputer.

1 September, 2000

WHOIS An Internet program which allows users to query adatabase of people and other Internet entities, suchas domains, networks, and hosts and otherregistration information submitted to the registrationauthority.

The first step in the registration process is todetermine is the domain name you want is available.This is accomplished by searching the WHOISdatabase. A WHOIS search can help you find thefollowing information:

• domain name

• organization using domain name

• status of domain name

• administrative contact information

• technical contact information

• billing contact

• primary and secondary domain servers

• date the domain record was created

• date the domain record was last updated

• date the database was last updated

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization.

WWW World Wide Web, an Internet hypertext-basedglobal multimedia information network.

20.4 Web sites for Domain Name Information

APNIC - Asia Pacific NIC www.apnic.org

APTLD - Representation of TLDs inAsia-Pacific

www.aptld.org

ARIN - American Registry forInternet Numbers

www.arin.net

Asia Pacific Networking Group www.apng.org

APRICOT - Asia Pacific RegionalInternet Conference on OperationalTechnologies

www.apricot.net

Business Week Online www.businessweek.com

CAL Law - Daily briefing onCalifornia Law

www.callaw.com

Cnet News - online tech news source www.news.com

CNN Online www.cnn.com

1 September, 2000

CommerceNet (US) www.commerce.net

Domainz (New Zealand NIC) GlobalNews Service

www.domainz.net.nz

FindLaw - news on cyberspace legalissues

http://legalnews.findlaw.com

Global E-commerce law & businessreport

www.wtexec.com/ecomm.html

GLOCOM - Global Community(Japan) - conducted survey ofselected NICs in 1998

www.glocom.ac.jp/personnel/ajp/AP-DNS/ap-dns.html

GTLD MoU www.gtld-mou.org

IAB - Internet Architecture Board http://www.iab.org/iab/

IANA - Internet Assigned NumbersAuthority

www.iana.org

ICANN - International Corporationfor Assigned Names and Numbers

www.icann.org

ICANNwatch - Independent body &central point of reference about whatICANN is and is not doing

www.icannwatch.org

IETF www.ietf.org

INTA - International TrademarkAssociation

www.inta.org

Intellectual Property magazine &law center

www.ipmag.com

Internet News Service www.emarketer.com

ISOC - Internet Society www.isoc.org

ITU - InternationalTelecommunications Union

www.itu.int

John Marshall Law School, Chicago,Information on Domain NameDisputes

http://www.jmls.edu/cyber/cases/domain.html

Law of the Internet - Domain NameIssues

www.ljx.com/internet/irdomain.html

Legal Intelligencer & PennsylvaniaLaw Weekly (Law

www.palawnet.com

NSI - Network Solutions Inc www.networksolutions.com

NTIA - NationalTelecommunications InformationAdministration (US Dept ofCommerce News Source)

www.ntia.doc.gov

1 September, 2000

WIPO - World Intellectual PropertyOrganization

www.wipo.int

World Wide Web Consortium (MIT,Keio University, Darpa, EuropeanUnion)

www.w3.org

21 List of Second Level Domain NamesAustralia Brunei Canada Chile PRC Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Mexico New

ZealandPapua New

Guinea Peru Philippines Russia Singapore ChineseTaipei Thailand U.S. Vietnam

au bn ca cl cn hk id jp kr my mx nz pg pe ph ru sg tw th us vn

Flat Structure yes yes yes

commercial companies com com com com co co co com com co com com com com com com co com

not-for-profit organizations; othertypes of organizations

org org org org or or or org org org org org org org org org or org

government agencies gov gov gc gov gov go go go gov gob govt gov gob gov gov gov gov go gov

education edu edu edu edu edu edu edu edu edu edu edu

academic institutions ac ac ac ac ac ac ac ac

schools ed

schools (K-12) sch.ac school

network service domains net net net net net ne ne net net net net net net net net net net net

general; other groups; groupdomains

gr gen

geographical domains avail-able

. geo(34)

geo(100)

avail-able

yes, alllocationsavailable

military mil mil mil mil mil mil mi

persons; individuals id pe nom pp per

associations asn ngo

conference conf

information resource info

Subdomain of the ACSnet domain oz

government run ISP brunet

network administrativeorganizations

ad

research institution re

Crown Research Institutes cri

Maori tribe iwi

non-government organisation

industry (Brand names etc) in

academic institution int

Web web

1 September, 2000

22 Survey Results In FullThe DNRAs did not answer some questions and this has been indicated in the report as "intentionally blank". Occasionally the DNRA indicated that the questionwas not applicable to them. This has been shown as "n/a"

Australia Brunei Canada Chile China Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Mexico

auDA is the organisationformed in April 1999 asthe industry self-regulatory body for the.au namespace (Internetdomains that end in .au).auDA is a non-profitcompany.

BruneiTelecommunicationDepartment

Canadian InternetRegistration Authority/Association canadiennepour les enregistrementsInternet

Managed by Universidadde Chile

Managed by GovernmentOffice of the StateCouncil's SteeringCommittee onInformatization

The Joint UniversitiesComputer Centre (JUCC)is currently themanagement authorityfor the registration andassignment of InternetDomain Names in HongKong under the .hk top-level domain name. Theassignment of secondand third level domainlevels is administered bythe Hong Kong NetworkInformation Centre(HKNIC) under theJUCC.

Managed by IDNIC,Indonesia InternetService ProvidersAssociation (APJII) anda group of volunteers

Japan NetworkInformation Centre,Managed by public not-for-profit entity fundedunder the civil code

Korea NetworkInformation Center.

MIMOS Berhad(336183-H)

NIC-Mexico

New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Russia Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand USA Vietnam InternationalDomain(.int)

1 Business Name:

Managed by NewZealand Internet RegistryLtd (NZIRL), trading asDomainz, a limitedliability company.NZIRL is a whollyowned subsidiary of theInternet Society of NewZealand (ISOCNZ)which is a not-for-profitincorporated society.The delegation ofresponsibility for .nz is toISOCNZ.

PG DNS Managed by the RCPIP(La Red CientificaPeruana or the PeruvianScientific Net). This is anONG

Managed by a non-profitorganization - PHDomain Foundation

Russian Institute forPublic Networks (RIPN)

SGNIC is a whollyowned subsidiary ofInfocom DevelopmentAuthority of Singapore(f.k.a. NationalComputer Board)

Taiwan NetworkInformation Center ,Non-profit Organization

THNIC Managed by theAsian Institute ofTechnology

Managed by theInformation SciencesInstitute of theUniversity of SouthernCalifornia

Managed by governmententity under DepartmentGeneral Posts andTelecoms of Vietnam

IANA is a government-funded authority thatassigns and distributesinternational domainnames and IP numbers orInternet addresses andoversees the Internetsoftware protocols of theofficially sanctioned rootservers.


61 4 1374 3959 673-2 382382 x 2226 +1 613-943-5454 +56 2 689 8482 +86 010 626 19750 +852 859 2491 +62 22 250 6280 +81 3 5297 2311 +82 2 2186 4400 +60 3 8657 7008 +52 8 387 5346


2 Contact Details: Phone

+64 4 473 4567 (675) 473 4722

(675) 473 4221

+51 (1) 422-4848

+51 (1) 421-8086

+63 2 637 2104 +7 095 196-7278 +7 095737-06-01, 737-06-02,737-06-03

+65 774 0479 886 2 2341 1313 +662 524 5703 1-310-448-8239 "+84 4 822 7066" MrHai and J22 Mrs Le ThiNgoc Mo

+1.310.822.1511 x302

1 September, 2000


www.auda.org.au www.telecom.gov.bn/sol/brudomain.htm

www.cira.ca www.nic.cl www.cnnic.net.cn www.hknic.net.hk/hknic www.idnic.net.id www.nic.ad.jp www.nic.or.kr www.mynic.net www.nic.mx


2 Contact Details: WebAddress

www.domainz.net.nz www.unitech.ac.pg/Unitech_General/ITS/ITS_Dns.htm

http://www.nic.pe/ www.names.ph www.ripn.net/nic www.nic.net.sg www.twnic.net.tw www.thnic.net www.nic.us No web site at this time www.iana.org


[email protected] [email protected] turcotte@ canarie.ca [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected]


2 Contact Details: E-Mail

[email protected]

[email protected]@ee.unitech.ac.pg

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

[email protected]


04/ 99 1995 The first administrator ofthe .ca began acceptingregistrations in the .ca inJanuary 1988. CIRAwill assumeresponsibility for themanagement andadministration of the .cain Fall, 2000.

1992 1994 34669 1995 1991 April, 1993 1988 32540


3 Date first offeredservices:

1996 1989 1995 1990 12/93 1997 1994 1989 intentionally blank 1998 1993


Not for profit Government entity Private company intentionally blank intentionally blank Private company underauspices of universities

other intentionally blank non-profit organization MIMOS is a companywholly owned by theGovernment of Malaysia

Institution under auspicesof Private University


4 Type of organization

Limited Company,owned 100% by a not forprofit entity, ISOCNZ

Managed by the Officeof the Vice Chancellor,PNG Uni. of Technology

Non Profit Organization Public Corporation Non-commercialorganization

Public Corporation non-profit organization Part of University intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


A company structure(forprofit)

profit making entity Not-for-profit entity intentionally blank intentionally blank Not-for-profit entity Not for profit Not for profit Not-for-profit entity Not-for-profit entity Not-for-profit entity


5 Financial structure

Profit making entity (butowned by a not-for-profitentity)

intentionally blank The registration andmaintenance of theDomain name have aprice, this is afundamental way tosupport the financialstructure.

Not for profit Not-for-profit entity Not for profit not for profit intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


Domain nameregistration and services

government Registration fees fordomain names

intentionally blank intentionally blank Administration fee Registration fee (andvolunteerism)

intentionally blank Domain NameRegistration Fee andMaintenance Fee.

Governmentdevelopment projects

Internet services

Domain nameregistrations


6 What is your mainsource of funding?

Domain name fees intentionally blank Registration of newdomain names and YearMaintenance of domainnames

intentionally blank two almost equal parts:state budget and not-for-profit activity

Domainregistration/subscriptionfees

It is funded by thedirectorate GeneralTelecommunications ofMOTC(Ministry ofTransportation andCommunication ) andComputer Society ofRebublic of China.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


On the board We're the NIC and agovernment department

Government haspermanent non-votingobserver on the Board ofDirectors

intentionally blank intentionally blank currently no. A reviewprocess is underway.The government hasformed a task force toreview the administrationand assignment ofInternet domain names inHK.

Informal relation Government RegisteredOrganisation under theCivil Code

One of KRNIC's boardof directors is fromMinistry of Informationand Communication.

intentionally blank Personal relation.Unofficial.


7 Relationship betweengovernment and NIC:

Same as for any otherNZ corporation; there isno special relationshipwith the Government ofNew Zealand

intentionally blank Not exist intentionally blank RIPN has been foundedby Kurchatov Instituteand two governmentinstitutions - Ministry ofScience and Ministry ofEducation

NIC is a private companywholly owned by agovernment's statutoryboard.

The TWNIC is a non-profit organization,offically funded by theDGT of MOTC andComputer Society ofRebublic of China.

intentionally blank intentionally blank Directorate General ofPosts andTelecommunicationsDGPT will beinternational contactpoint for domain nameand IP address

intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


n/a intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank all on part-time basis 10 About 40 people intentionally blank intentionally blank We are 9 people in theNIC-MExico (8 full time,6 part time)


8 How many people areengaged in the RAs?

Approximately equal to12 Full Time

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank about 10 people 7 about 14 At the moment they havea few people.Technically the processis not that simple. Theyneed to train morepeople.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


com.au, org.au, gov.au,edu.au, net.au, asn.au,info.au, conf.au, id.au,oz.au

com.bn, org.bn, gov.bn,edu.bn, net.bn, brunet.bn

Second level: Dividedinto 13 provincial andterritorial slds, one foreach province orterritory. There is also asld devoted to the federalgovernment (.gc.ca)

Please note that .cacurrently, and willcontinue to allocatenames at the 2nd level(open) as well as thethird (as per the 13 abovei.e. xyz.qc.ca) and 4th(city must exist in one ofthe above 13provinces/territories i.e.xyz.toronto.on.ca).

Flat Structure.Organisation can registeralmost anything theywould(within the rules)like under .cl.

com.cn,org.cn,gov.cn,edu.cn,ac.cn,net.cn,geographical (34administrative divisionsbased on geography)

com.hk,org.hk,gov.hk,edu.hk, net.hk

co.id,or.id,go.id,ac.id,net.id,mil.id,sch.ac.id and web.id

co.jp,or.jp,go.jp,ac.jp,ed.jp,ad.jp,ne.jp,gr.jp,geographical(40 prefectures, 10 bigcities)

co.kr, or.kr, go.kr, ac.kr,ne.kr, re.kr, pe.kr,seoul.kr, pusan.kr,taegu.kr, inchon.kr,kwangju.kr, taejon.kr,ulsan.kr, kyonggi.kr,kangwon.kr,chungbuk.kr,chungnam.kr,chonbuk.kr, chonnam.kr,kyongbuk.kr,kyongnam.kr, cheju.kr,es.kr, ms.kr, hs.kr,sc.kr(4 are not in use yet,will be deployed soon)

com.my,org.my,gov.my,edu.my, net.my

com.mx, net.mx, org.mx,edu.mx, gob.mx


9 Domain structure:Second Level

co.nz, org.nz, govt.nz,ac.nz, net.nz, gen.nz,mil.nz, cri.nz, iwi.nz,school.nz

.net, .com, .gov, .ac, .org Second level: edu.pe;gob.pe; mil.pe; org.pe;com.pe; net.pe; nom.pe

PH has also introducedflat domains As well ascom.ph,org.ph,gov.ph,edu.ph,net.ph,mil.ph,ngo.ph

com.ru,org.ru,net.ru,mil.ru, pp.ru,gov.ru, ac.ru, edu.ru (ru-zone generic domains) atthe same timeregistration of othersecond level domains isallowed

com.sg,org.sg,gov.sg,edu.sg, net.sg,per.sg

com.tw,org.tw,gov.tw,edu.tw,net.tw,mil.tw

co.th,or.th, go.th,ac.th,net.th,mi.th,in.th

The US Domaincurrently registersbusinesses, individuals,federal governmentagencies, stategovernment agencies, K-12 schools, communitycolleges,technical/vocationalschools, private schools,libraries, museums, andcity and countygovernment agencies.

com.vn,org.vn,gov.vn,net.vn, int.vn

Not applicable


.au .bn .ca .cl .cn .hk .id .jp .kr .my .mx


9 Domain structure:Country code

.nz .pg .pe .ph .ru .sg .tw .th .us .vn Not applicable

1 September, 2000

10 What is the secondlevel domain names andtheir meanings in detail?


.com.au - CommercialEntities

This domain is forcommercial entities, suchas companies

Registry: Internet NamesAustralia

http://www.ina.com.au/register/registerfr.html

.net.au -Network ServiceProviders

For companies thatprovide NetworkServices

Registry: connect.com.au

https://registry.connect.com.au/

.edu.au - EducationalInstitutions

Bodies of nationalsignificance (such asuniversities)

Registrar: Geoff Huston

http://www.aunic.net/tded.html

.gov.au - GovernmentEntities

Federal governmentbodies are registeredbelow .gov.au.

Registry: DCITA:

http://www.dcita.gov.au/cgi-bin/trap.pl?path=4276

.asn.au - Associationsand Non-ProfitOrganisations

The .asn.au domainserves for incorporatedbodies, political parties,trade unions, sportingand special interest clubs

Registry: Connect West

http://www.west.net.au/asn.au/

.id.au - Individuals

The .id.au domain is

com - Co, Ltd, any formof company, bank; org -non-profit organisation,body, society, embassy;gov - governmentministries/department;edu - educationalinstitution; net - networkprovider;

(i.e. .CO means Co., Ltd,LLC and other forms ofcompany, bank, foreign-affiliated company.) .bc= British Columbia; .ab =Alberta; .sk =Saskatchewan; .mb =Manitoba; .on = Ontario;.qc = Quebec; .nb = NewBrunswick; .ns = NovaScotia; .pe = PrinceEdward Island; .nf =Newfoundland andLabrador; .yk = Yukon;.nt = NorthwestTerritories, .nu =Nunavut, .gc =Government of Canada.

intentionally blank intentionally blank COM.HK is forcommercial entity withBusiness Registration(NOT BranchRegistration).

ORG.HK is formiscellaneousorganization which areusually non-profit

NET.HK is mainly forInternet Access Providerswhich have PNETSlicense.

EDU.HK is mainly forschools registered withEducation Departmentand higher institutions.

GOV.HK is for HKGovernmentDepartments andagencies.

AC - academic, CO -company, OR - other,NET - networkprovider/ISP, WEB -web, GO - government,MIL - military,SCH.AC.ID - school

CO.JP for commercialcompanies

OR.JP for corporations

NE.JP for networkservices

GR.JP for non-incorporated,

AC.JP for universities

ED.JP for educationalentities

GO.JP for Japanesegovernment 403

AD.JP for JPNICmembers

Geographic domainnames

The second level domainhas 6 organizationaldomains and 16 areadomains and 1 persondomain.

co.kr - profitcompany

or.kr - non-profitorganization, group, etc

go.kr - governmentorganization

ac.kr -college/university(2 yearor more)

ne.kr - networkservice organization

re.kr - researchinstitution

pe.kr - person

seoul.kr - Seoul

pusan.kr - Pusan

taegu.kr - Taegu

inchon.kr - Inchon

kwangju.kr -Kwangju

taejon.kr - Taejon

ulsan.kr - Ulsan

kyonggi.kr - KyonggiProvince

kangwon.kr -Kangwon Province

chungbuk.kr -Chungbuk Province

chungnam.kr -Chungnam Province

chonbuk.kr -Chonbuk Province

chonnam.kr -Chonnam Province

kyongbuk.kr -Kyongbuk Province

kyongnam.kr -Kyongnam Province

cheju.kr - Cheju

com.my : Forprivate/commercialorganisations

net.my : For networkrelatedorganisations/activities

org.my : Fororganisations which donot qualify for othercategories

edu.my : For educationalorganisations which havebeen duly certified by theMinistry of Education(MOE) in Malaysia

gov.my : For Malaysiangovernmentorganisations only

mil.my : For Malaysiangovernment militaryorganisations only.

.edu.mx MexicanEducational or researchinstitutions

.org.mx Mexican non-profit organizations.

.net.mx Internetservices suppliers locatedin Mexico.

.gob.mx Mexicangovernment agencies

.com.mx Commercialentities and any other notincluded on the aboveclassifications.

1 September, 2000

designated forIndividuals use.

http://www.id.au/

.info.au - MajorInformation Resources

This domain is used toidentify major Australianinformation resources.

Registrar: Geoff Huston

http://www.aunic.net/tdinfo.html

.oz.au - ACSNetMembers

Machines connected tothe ACSNet network usethe domain .oz.au. Thisdomain is largelyhistoric.

Registrar: Robert Elz

[email protected]

.telememo.au - X.400Gateway

A gateway to the X.400email service operated byTelstra EnhancedServices

.csiro.au -Commonwealth Scienceand Industry ResearchOrganisation

.conf.au - Conferencesand Exhibitions


[email protected]

.otc.au - OTC X.400Gateway

(Removed. See.telememo.au).

gw.au - AARNetGateways

(Deprecated. See .net.au)

.org.au - Miscellaneous

The .org.au domain is acatch-all, for bodies thatdo not fit within thepolicies of other secondlevel domains such as.com.au, .asn.au or.gov.au.


[email protected]

Island

es.kr - ElementarySchool

ms.kr - MiddleSchool

hs.kr - High School

sc.kr - School

1 September, 2000


.co.nz: commercialorganisations (but notmoderated, open toanyone to register)

.org.nz not-for-profitorganisations (but notmoderated, open toanyone to register)

.gen.nz personal names(but not moderated, opento anyone to register)

.net.nz networkorganisations (includingISPs etc, but notmoderated, open toanyone to register)

.school.nz schools orother educationalinstitutions (but notmoderated, open toanyone to register)

.ac.nz tertiaryeducational institutions(universities andpolytechnics, but notmoderated, open toanyone to register)

.govt.nz central and localgovernmentorganisations only(moderated)

.mil.nz military use only(moderated)

.cri.nz CRI (CrownResearch Organisations)only (moderated)

.iwi.nz Maori iwi (tribal)organisations only(moderated)

see alsohttp://www.isocnz.org.nz/dnsstr98.html#Currentsecondleveldomains

intentionally blank EDU.PE: Thissubdominion is onlyassigned to institutions ofeducative character:universities, schools,institutes, etc. Example:

Peruvian institute ofAdministration ofCompanies (ipae)[email protected]

GOB.PE: Thissubdominion assignsonly to the dependenciesor institutions pertainingto the Peruviangovernment, exceptmilitary institutions.Example:

National supervision [email protected]

MIL.PE: Thissubdominion is assignedonly to the dependenciesof the Armed Forces ofPeru. Example:

Navy military of Peru -Direction of [email protected]

ORG.PE: Thissubdominion is assignedto institutions withoutprofit aims, internationalorganisms of cooperationand institutionsnondefined in no of theexisting subdominions.Example:

Association Human Pro-Derechos - [email protected]

COM.PE: Thissubdominion assigns tocommercial companies ingeneral or companieswith profit aims.Example:

Association of Banks [email protected]

NET.PE: Onlydelegations of dominionsof third order within thissubdominion were madewhen the applicantfulfills all the

intentionally blank .com - commercialorganization

.org - non-commercialorganization

.net - networkingorganization (ISP, ICP,IBP, ...)

.mil - Militaryorganization

.gov - Governmentinstitution

.ac - Academic(Research) organization

.edu - Educationalorganization

.pp - Private person

CO.SG Applicants fordomain names under thiscategory must becommercial entitieswhich are eitherregistered or are about tobe registered with theRegistry of Companiesand Businesses (RCB) orits equivalent, such as theTrade DevelopmentBoard (TDB), or anyother professionalassociations (e.g. Boardof Architects (BOA), orThe Law Society(LawSoc). A foreigncompany which is not soregistered may onlyapply for such a domainname if it has arepresentative inSingapore. This localrepresentative must itselfbe registered with theRegistry of Companies(or its equivalents) andBusinesses and beauthorised by the foreigncompany to apply for theregistration of thedomain name.

NET.SG This category isfor network providers inSingapore. Applicantsfor domain names underthis category mustpossess a valid licenceissued by theTelecommunicationAuthority of Singapore(TAS).

ORG.SG This domain isfor "Not-for-profit"organizations, i.e. non-commercial entities.Applicants for domainnames under thiscategory shall either beregistered or are about tobe registered with theRegistry of Societies.Town Councils andCommunity Centresshould also apply underthis category

GOV.SG This domain isfor all governmentorganizations.Applicantsfor domain names underthis category must bemembers of theSingapore Government,which include Ministries,Organs of State, and

EDU.TW This is foreducational institutions.

Applicants for domainnames under thiscategory must beeducational institutionsregistered with theMinistry of Education,Taiwan.

COM.TW Applicants fordomain names under thiscategory must becommercial entitieswhich are eitherregistered or are about tobe registered in Taiwan.A foreign companywhich is not so registeredmay only apply for sucha domain name if it has arepresentative in Taiwan.This local representativemust itself be registeredwith the Registry ofCompanies andBusinesses and beauthorised by the foreigncompany to apply for theregistration of thedomain name.

ORG.TW This domain isfor "Not-for-profit"organizations.

Applicants for domainnames under thiscategory shall either beregistered or are about tobe registered with theRegistry of Societies.

NET.TW This categoryis for network providersin Taiwan.

GOV.TW This domain isfor all governmentorganizations.

Applicants for domainnames under thiscategory must bemembers of the TaiwanProvincial Government(Republic of China).Third level domainnames under thiscategory, must follow thenaming conventiondetermined by theTWNIC Policy.

co.th: for commercialentities and businessentities. Applicants fordomain names under thiscategory must becommercial entitieswhich are eitherregistered withinThailand. A foreigncompany which is not soregistered may onlyapply for such a domainname if it has arepresentative inThailand and this localrepresentative must itselfbe registered withinThailand and beauthorised by the foreigncompany to apply for theregistration of thedomain name.

ac.th: for academicinstitutions. Applicantsfor domain names underthis category must beeducational institutionsregistered withinThailand.

go.th: for governmentuse, such as ministries oragencies of thegovernment. Applicantsfor domain names underthis category must bemembers of the RoyalThai Government.

net.th: for Internet ornetwork serviceproviders. A verificationfrom the CommunicationAuthority of Thailand isrequired.

or.th: for non-profitorganization.

mi.th: for military use.


1 September, 2000

requirements that appearto continuación:

The network applicantmust be a provedor ofInternet access. Thenetwork applicant mustcount on physicalpresence in the country.The network applicantmust operate its own oneto nameserver main.They must have aNumber AutonomousSystem (AS) own. Thenetwork must countindependently total ofany other existingnetwork in the countrywith respect to its policyof expansion andadministration. Also thenetwork applicant musthave at least one directconnection with someISP outside the country.

NOM.PE: This domain isonly for individualpersons.

Statutory Boards.

EDU.SG This domain isfor educationalinstitutions. Applicantsfor domain names underthis category must beeducational institutionsregistered with theMinistry of Education(MOE), Singapore. Allprimary and secondaryschools on the list (givenby MOE) must registerand obtain their domainname from MOE.

PER.SG This domain isfor the registration ofpersonal domain names.Applicants for domainnames under thiscategory must registervia one of our Agents(Registrars).

Australia Brunei Canada Chile China Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Mexico11 Policies - Operationof registry and registraris limited to NIC only. intentionally blank yes NIC solely manages

registry, hasaccreditation policies thatallow any Canadian toapply to become anaccredited registrar.

CIRA levies feefor a domain name to theregistrar; the amountpaid by a registrant to aregistrar for the domainname is determined bythe registrar andregistrant, not by CIRA

There has been arestriction of one Englishand one French domainname per organization,however there will nolonger be any restrictionson the number of domainnames per organizationonce CIRA implementsthe new rules for domainname registrations inFall, 2000.

intentionally blank intentionally blank The current managementof the Internet domainnames registration inHong Kong under .hklies with the JUCCSteering Committee. Theadministrative tasks arehandled by the JUCCoffice (eg billing,resolution of disputes),which is located at theComputer Centre of theUniversity of HongKong. The registration ofdomain names on the .hkroot servers is carried outby the ComputerServices Centre of TheChinese University ofHong Kong.

Operation of registry &registrar is limited toNIC only.

intentionally blank (Many ISPs and Webhosting companies areregistering on behalf oftheir customer)

Yes intentionally blank

1 September, 2000



intentionally blank intentionally blank The registration are intwo steps. First send aform to the NIC and thisform generate a webpublication for thirdpeople that can oppose tothe registration, thepeople have 10 days forthis (but is necessary tohave one right before theregistration of the name).If don't have problem'swith third persons youcan complete theregistration.

intentionally blank At the present momentRIPN operates registryand registrar. In thesecond half of 2000RIPN will operateregistry and ISPs will actas registrars (RIPN willnot be allowed to act asregistrar)

intentionally blank Operation of registry andregistrar is limited toNIC only.


1 September, 2000


no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

intentionally blank no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

intentionally blank intentionally blank no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

intentionally blank intentionally blank no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

n/a yes


11 Policies - NIC solelymanages registry, butISPs allowed to act asregistrars.

no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

intentionally blank yes no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

Now the price is fixed.After the Institute ofRegistrars will be inplace (2-nd half of 2000)the price will be formedon the basis ofcompetition of registrars.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank no. ISPs allowed to act asregistrars

intentionally blank

Cost of registration of asecond level domain


For .com.au

Standard Service Level$125 Turnaround Time -Two days*

Express Service Level$285 Turnaround Time -Two hours*

* Victorian workingdays, during standardworking hours

plus 10% GST

No cost at this time Will depend on the futureregistrars but is currently$CA50 plus GST for 1year

Applications for DomainCreation: Ch$ 25.000(VAT included), approx.US$ 50

This payment covers thefirst two years ofoperation of a givendomain. This sameamount must be paid forrevalidation of domainsfirst registered before9/9/1997, and when adomain is transferred to adifferent holder.

Bi-annual maintenance:Ch$ 10.000 (VATincluded), approx. US$20

This fee must be paidevery two years from thelast time a fee was paid,and covers the next twoyears of operation. Nofees of this kind will becharged until 9/9/2000.

300 RMB per year The registration fee is$200. $200 will also becharged for change ofname servers. There is noannual fee at thismoment, but it is quitepossible that there will beannual fee in the nearfuture. If we need to putin an annual fee in thefuture, we shall notifythe contacts you gave usin your application form.

ac.id, co.id, or.id, net.id :Rp 150.000,- +10% tax(one time fee) web.id Rp150.000,- + 10% tax(yearly) go.id, mil.id,sch.ac.id (free)

20,000 yen per year No cost at this time RM100.00 per year the quota of registry fornew names of dominionis of $70,00 USD (IVAincluding) or itsequivalent one innational currency. Thispayment will have a useof two years as of thedate in which thedominion name has beenregistered. 4,5 The quotaof maintenance is the onethat applies to all theexisting names ofdominion or, and is of$35,00 USD (IVAincluding) or itsequivalent one innational currency. 4,6The payment will be ableto take place to the typeof change of the day ofthe accomplishment ofthe payment. 4,7 At themoment, the names ofdominion located directlyunder " MX ", "EDU.MX " and "GOB.MX ", do not payto no quota associated tothe registry andmaintenance of dominionnames.


All $ figures quoted areexclusive of NZ GST(12.5%)

Normal pricing:

Scale of charges asfollows: account set up(one time costs for one or

.net & .com $US100


intentionally blank US$ 70 for first 2 years -$25/yr subsequently

Cost of registration of asecond level domain in.RU zone is $30 USA(excluding VAT).Payments are made inroubles at the exchangerate of the Central Bankof the Russian Federationfor the day of payment

Registration Fees are tobe paid by an Applicantwithin thirty (30) days ofthe Activation Date. Thecurrent schedule ofcharges for RegistrationFees is as follows:

i. For the 1st domain

NT$1000 per year Initial Registration Feefor new domain names:Covers registration ofone domain name for thefirst two years.

THB : 1,500.00 + VATor USD : 55.00

Free No cost at this time Free

1 September, 2000

more domain names):NZ$30

Annual charge fordomain name: NZ$44

Optional secondaryserver: NZ$18

Accredited registrar:

Bulk billing rate annualdomain name chargeNZ$20

Except for the moderateddomains where specificrules for each domainapply, there are norestrictions or limitationsof any sort on domainnames .nz

Cost of annual re-registration of a secondlevel domain in .RU zoneis $30 USA (excludingVAT).

name to be registered inthe name of theApplicant, $60.00

ii. For the 2nd and everysubsequent domain nameto be registered in thename of the Applicant,S$120.00 for each andevery domain name.

3. Non-RefundableDeposit for bulkRegistrations

This fee of 10% from thetotal payable registrationfee is levied where aRegistrant intends toregister more than orequal to ten (10) domainnames together with anyone application.

4. Maintenance Fees

This fee is to be paid bythe Registrants tomaintain the domainnames which have beenregistered. Currently, theMaintenance Fee foreach domain name isS$60.00 regardless of thenumber of domain nameswhich have beenregistered in the name ofthe Registrant.

5. Transfer Fees

This fee is to be paid toSGNIC at the time whena Request to Transfer ismade. The currentTransfer Fee is $50.00for each domain nametransferred.

6. Reinstatement Fees

The reinstatement fee ofa domain name that hasbeen deleted or renderedinactive for reasonsstated in sub-clauses19(a) and 19(b) of theAgreement and isreinstated pursuant toclause 21, is $25.00 (inaddition to the normalRegistration orMaintenance Fees).

Renewal Fee formaintenace of onedomain name:Maintenance fee for onedomain name coverupkeep of a registereddomain name for oneyear.

THB : 800.00 + VAT orUSD : 28.00

Reinstatement Fee (inaddition to the normalInitial Registration orRenewal Fees): Thedomain name may bedeleted from THNIC'sdatabase if the InitialRegistration Fee or theRenewal Fee for thedomain name is not paidby the respective duedates. The deleteddomain name willbecome available forother registration after athirty-day (30) holdperiod. The registrantmay make an applicationto THNIC during the"hold" period to reinstatesuch domain name uponpaying the normal andthe Reinstatement Fees.

THB : 200.00 + VAT orUSD : 10.00

1 September, 2000


For .com.au

Standard Service Level$125 Turnaround Time -Two days*

Express Service Level$285 Turnaround Time -Two hours*

* Victorian workingdays, during standardworking hours

plus 10% GST

No cost at this time $CA50 +GST for 1 year Applications for DomainCreation: Ch$ 25.000(VAT included), approx.US$ 50

300 RMB per year The registration fee is$200. $200 will also becharged for change ofname servers.

ac.id, co.id, or.id, net.id :Rp 150.000,- +10% tax(one time fee) web.id Rp150.000,- + 10% tax(yearly) go.id, mil.id,sch.ac.id (free)

20,000 yen per year No cost at this time RM100.00 per year the quota of registry fornew names of dominionis of $70,00 USD (IVAincluding) or itsequivalent one innational currency.


11 Policies - Initial costper domain

Account set up (one timecosts for one or moredomain names): NZ$30

Annual charge fordomain name: NZ$44

.net & .com $US100


Tariffs Exist two types oftariffs for the registry andmaintenance of anydominion of DNS ofsecond low level " pe ":

Tariff of registry againdominion: For alldominions US$59dollars. Tariff of annualmaintenance of existingdominion: For alldominions US$59dollars. (Note: Thesetariffs include the tax of18% by IGV concept) theregistry tariff covers theinitial operation withregistry of a newdominion, or active inthe inactive DNS or(only reserved for afuture use).

US$ 70 for first 2 years -$25/yr subsequently

Cost of registration of asecond level domain in.RU zone is $30 USA(excluding VAT).

For the 1st domain nameto be registered in thename of the Applicant,$60.00 For the 2nd andevery subsequent domainname to be registered inthe name of theApplicant, S$120.00 foreach and every domainname.

NT$1000 per year THB : 1,500.00 + VATor USD : 55.00

Free No cost at this time Free


intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Price is the same.(Although ISP maycharge more to the users,the amount ISP pay toNIC is the same.)

intentionally blank Directly to NIC maybecheaper, because ISPmay add handlingcharges.

yes intentionally blank


11 Policies - Price is thesame if registrationhandled by either NIC orISP.

intentionally blank intentionally blank For all dominionsUS$118 dollars.

yes intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank yes intentionally blank n/a yes


11 Policies - Pricediffers, depending onwhether directly to NICor through ISP.

intentionally blank intentionally blank yes intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


For .com.au

Only one domain name islicensed per registeredcommercial name.Organizations with morethan one registeredcommercial name (forexample, a company withseveral registered tradingnames) can apply for onecom.au domain name foreach registered tradingname.

intentionally blank A given organizationmay register at most oneCA subdomain, with twoexceptions. The first isan allowance for atemporary overlapinterval while changingfrom one CA subdomainname to another. This

may happen, forexample, when aprovincial or territorialorganization becomesfederally incorporatedand wishes to changefrom a third-level to asecond-level subdomainname. The secondexception is for an

organization whose legalname has both an Englishform and a French form,and which wishes toapply for one CAsubdomaincorresponding to eachform. The new entity -CIRA, will not limit thenumber of names aregistrant may register

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank one domain per oneregistering organizationfor co.id unlimitted forweb.id

yes An organization can haveonly one domain name,but if you can provide acertificate that yourcompany and yoursubsidiary company aredifferent organizations, anew domain name can beassigned to thesubsidiary. pe.kr is onename per person for now.

no intentionally blank


11 Policies - Policy ofone domain name perone registeringorganization.

no There shall be only oneregistered name perbusiness. Any furtherrequirements, must bejustified directly to theDNS administrator atPNGUT for approval.

intentionally blank no intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Each entity can apply foronly one domain namefor ALL above domainnames

intentionally blank Must prove that you ownor have rights to thename

intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


intentionally blank yes intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank yes yes


11 Policies - Norestrictions on number ofdomain names perorganization.

no restrictions intentionally blank To avoid trademarkdisputes, registereddomain names must besimilar to registeredname of organization(must show ownership ofbusiness name).

TRUE yes intentionally blank There are no restrictions intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


For .com.au

Only commercial entitiesregistered and trading inAustralia will beallocated a com.audomain name.

yes A national level .CAdomain name is normallyregistered to a Canadianorganization which doesnot already have a .CAdomain name, and whichis federally incorporated,or is incorporated inmore than one provinceor territory, or isprovincially/territoriallyincorporated and hasoffices in more than oneprovince or territory, orif the organizational partof the domain name is aCanadian registeredtrademark of theapplyingorganization.Registrantsmust be Canadiancitizens, residents,companies or other legalentities as defined byCanadian law and mustbe operating in Canadaand have a physicalpresence in Canada (inthe case of companies orlegal entities) or beresident in Canada in thecase of citizens.

intentionally blank .com.cn RegistrationPolicy: Must havebranches or offices inChina. Main domainname server should beinside China.

Must be registered with apublic registry inHongkong (e.g.company/businessregistry)

Indonesian corporateregistration is requiredfor co.id ValidIndonesian ID for ac.id,or.id, web.id

.co.jp RegistrationPolicy: 'Requirement tohave corporationregistered in Japan.'

.co.kr RegistrationPolicy: 'Only Koreanorganizations or Koreanbranches of a foreigncompany.'

Organisations requestingfor domain registrationunder MY must havelocal presence andregistered with therelevant authorities inMalaysia.

Organisations registeredwith the Registry ofCompanies (ROC) orRegistry of Business(ROB) in Malaysia mayapply for a domain underCOM.MY or NET.MY .

Organisations registeredwith the Registry ofSociety Malaysia mayapply for a domain underORG.MY .

EDU.MY can be appliedby Educationalinstitutions that areregistered with theMinistry of Education(MOE) in Malaysia.

GOV.MY domain canonly be applied byMalaysian governmentorganisations.

NO REQ for .com.mxRequirements for the restof sLD


11 Policies -Requirement to havecorporate registrationwithin geographicalborder of designatedcountry.

.co.nz: commercialorganisations (but notmoderated, open toanyone to register)

All applicants mustdemonstrate a localpresence or interests inPapua New Guinea.Registration will not begranted if the operation issolely conducted fromoverseas without anylocal interests. It shouldhowever be noted thatthe computers providingDNS services for theorganisation, can besituated out of PapuaNew Guinea.

.com.pe will be assignedfollowing the criterion of" first come, firstserved". Individuals arenot allowed to register.com.pe Domains

- only for com.PH intentionally blank Requirement to havecorporate registrationwithin geographicalborder of designatedcountry, either thecorporate itself or thecorporate's representativeas administrative contactmust have local presence.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank n/a intentionally blank


11 Policies - Onlyrequirement is to have apostal address withindesignated geographicalborder.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank no intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank n/a NO REQ for .com.mxRequirements for the restof sLD


11 Policies - Norequirements.

Identifiable individualsover 18 years or properlyconstituted organisationsare allowed to list thirdlevel domain names inthe .nz domain namespace. These names mustbe unique within theappropriate selectedsecond level domain.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank yes intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


intentionally blank X - expect this to change intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank yes intentionally blank N/A. It is theRegistrant’sresponsibility to settleany disputes.

yes


11 Policies - Notcurrently managed byNIC.

notcurrently managed intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Not currently managedby the NIC


1 September, 2000


Yes intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank yes intentionally blank For transferring domainsfrom one organisation toanother full registrationfees must be paid by boththe original and newRegistrant/Applicant.The newRegistrant/Applicant willbe billed for a newinvoice for the domaincovering periodbeginning on the transferdate.

Two separate DomainRegistration Forms arerequired to transfer adomain name.

intentionally blank


11 Policies - Transfer ofdomain names isprohibited.

Names are delegated tospecific name holdersand delegation confersno rights on the nameholder. It does not meanthat the name holder hasany rights to beassociated with thatname, nor to use orpublish the name for anypurpose. NeitherISOCNZ nor Domainztrades in, or licenses anyentity to trade in, domainnames.

intentionally blank Transfer of domainnames is prohibited

no intentionally blank Transfer of domainnames is allowed, limitedto one transfer per yearper registrant.

intentionally blank Domain names should beused by the designatedholders, or the personsstated in the application,only. THNIC does nottrades in, or licenses anyentity to trade in, domainnames and is not beresponsible for anytransfer of domain name.

intentionally blank You cannotindependantly sell orassign a name. You mustpass it in to DGPT. Ifyou vioalte thisregulation it goes to oneof the levels, first therecould be a fine, damagescan be claimed. There isan Inspector in DGPTthat handles this type ofthing.

intentionally blank


intentionally blank x intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Not the concern of NIC intentionally blank intentionally blank Yes. Transfer of domainnames are allowed

intentionally blank


11 Policies - Not theconcern of NIC.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank yes yes intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


intentionally blank No Problems Not yet. intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Many people want toregister directly under.id. Many foreigncompanies want toregister under co.id

Many discussions forcreating new secondlevel domains

Over 83% of domainnames are registered in.co.kr.

no intentionally blank


12 Any problems relatedto the structure ofdomain names?

No. There is a policy inplace for review whenand if necessary.

intentionally blank No intentionally blank no (at least now) no No particular problemswith domain namestructure


1 September, 2000


Lack of funds while instart-up mode; trying toreconcile the priorities ofdifferent key players.

Keep customer happy -accessibility, reliability,speed, ADSL 30-40registered

Meeting demand andfinding enough qualifiedstaff

intentionally blank intentionally blank Legal liabilities

Lack of matureapplicable laws for theelectronic world

In need of extensiveadministrative supportwith business andlegislation backup

Multiple domain namesrequested by largecorporations, companieswinning trademarks,service marks, brandnames, etc.

Additional services

Not enough resources tomarket it

Funding, no support forthe government, domainsquatting, hate mail frompeople who want to havefree for all/open domainlike InterNIC. No budgetto collaborate with otherTLDs (for example goingto AP* meetings,ICANN meetings).

Concern: To create somesystem similar to ADR(Alternative DisputeResolution) to handlelegal issues related todomain names

Cyber squatting anddomain name disputes.

? Ensuring identity of theRegistrant

To offer Value addedservices to customers.


13 What are your biggestchallenges today inrunning this operation?

Growth, enforcedintermediation withcreation of Registrarscouple with

changing role ofRegistrars vs. traditionalISP's, uncertainty in theICANN

direction for ccTLD's,operating without anICANN licence,cost/terms of

that licence

intentionally blank The creation of .NOMfor recuperate the peopleparticipation in theInternet Process

intentionally blank trade mark conflicts andcybersquattering

To streamline the billingprocess.


1 September, 2000


none High speed access, Localcontent

Lawsuits intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Stability of operation,funding, formality.

User Requests: Toabolish the policy of onedomain name per oneregistering organizationand the policy of notransfer.

Issues: Allocation ofIPv6 sub-TLAAddresss(sub-TLA),Deployment of DisputeResolution Policy TaskForce and iDNS TaskForce, collection ofRADB fee, use of theInternet at school, etc

We are now consideringhow to comply with userrequests to abolish twopolicies on registration.

Whether to introducecompetition in .krdomain nameregistration.

Opening up Registrarfunctions and ensuringsmooth and transparentoperations for allconcerned and theICANN process

ICANN policies.


14 What are your majorconcerns as you lookforward to the next 5years of operation?

See 13, pricingcommoditisation,creation of new TLD's,industry consolidation,dis-intermediation

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank introduction of sharedTLD administrationsystem and effectiveinteraction with state lawsystem

The global re-organisingof Internet structures willinduce changes inDomain Name System.Registration will becomea highly competitivebusiness.

intentionally blank Would like an ICANNmodel to work here.Even though ICANN isnot working yet. Futureproblems will be thegrowth. How can theyhandle the growth?

intentionally blank Developing a set of rulsand an infrastucture forVNNIC

intentionally blank


No systems, therefore wehave no back-upprocedures or disasterrecovery plans

Typical telecomrequirements, Redundantservice ,UPS

Presently single site.have identified as anissue once we becomeoperational

intentionally blank intentionally blank Tape Backup Data is being backup onseveral servers (onseveraldifferent/unrelatednetworks).

Mirror site backup For now two back upsystems are running.One system is copyingthe database twice a dayand the other system iscopying twice a week.Within next three month,we are adoptingHA(High Availability)System and OPS(OracleParallel Server) that willprovide more reliableservice.

Remote back-up

Multiple DNS servers

We have distributeddomain names for theoperation

We use Daily backupsfor the DB

We have contracts withour providers forhardware and softwarebackups if needed


15 What is the nature ofyour backup proceduresand disaster recoveryplan?

As to be expected from a24 by 7 operation,currently implementing asecond site to provideredundancy/diversitywith mirrored operations.Off-site security of data.

intentionally blank We have two reflex ofour tables, one in Europeanother in USA, thisfunction as backup if ourprimary server go-down

intentionally blank we have several mirrordatabase servers withindividual backupprocedures

Full backups of allrelated data to storagemedia. Standby serverfor disaster recovery.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Normal Telecom intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


Disputes are handled bythe registrars.

Company breakup - bothdirectors want to keepthe domain name. Leaveit up to the parties.Operating in Brunei only,no worldwide, mustcorrespond to companyname, might need toconsult large companies

CIRA is currently in theprocess of developing analternative disputeresolution policy alongthe lines of the ICANNUDRP model, but with afew differences

intentionally blank intentionally blank HKNIC Domain DisputeResolution PolicyStatement [12/95]:

ftp://ftp.hknic.net.hk/pub/netinfo/hknic-domain-policy

HKNIC has noobligation to screen therequests to determine ifthe use of the names mayinfringe upon the rightsof a third party. HKNICwill not act as an arbiterof disputes. Domainnames, involved inclaims which are basedupon a trademark orservice mark, will be puton hold pendingresolution of dispute. Thegoverning law shall bethe Law of Hong Kong.Policy Statement maychange from time totime, upon 30 daysposting on the Internet.

Users are encourage tosolve the problem(s)among themselves.

JPNIC has formed a TaskForce to cope with thedispute resolution policy.This Task Force aims asfollows:

This Task Force mainlyaims to localize“Uniform Domain NameDispute ResolutionPolicy” and “Rule forUniform Domain NameDispute ResolutionPolicy” both of whichformulated by ICANNand continue to work onwhile fully consideringJapanese legal system,arbitration andmediation. At the sametime, it will take intoconsideration of thepossibility ofinternational dispute.(English translationprepared by FMMC ofhttp://www.nic.ad.jp/jp/topics/archive/19991215-01.html)

Domain name disputesare settled betweendomain name holder andcomplaint or by the courtdecision. This process isclearly stated in ourregistration policy.Within the year, we mayinitiate AlternativeDispute ResolutionSystem.

Parties to resolvedisputes amongthemselves. It is stated inthe MYNIC DomainRegistration Rules andProcedures that byapplying for the domainname; the Registrantcertifies that, to her/hisknowledge, the use ofthis name does notviolate trademark orother statutes

We have a localprocedure but in theprocess of adoptingUDRP.


16 What are yourprocedures for handlingdisputes? How are usersmade aware of thisprocess?

No involvement indisputes of a trademarkkind. Most "disputes"relate to company breakups, deaths, insolvencies.Domainz liases with theparties concerned asnecessary.

There is no uniform DRPin place at present.

intentionally blank The people can choosethe best way. Mediation,Arbitration, Conciliationor the Justice Power.

we will follow the UDRPsuggested by ICANN.

Disputes are heldthrough arbitration court,we inform users about it.UDPR introduction isour plan for the nearestfuture

Disputes will go throughlegal proceeding inaSingapore court. NICdispute policy is writtenin the domain delegationAgreement to theregistrant.

intentionally blank for normal disputeresolution must resolveamong themselves

intentionally blank Takes no responsibilitywith conflicts

intentionally blank

Australia Brunei Canada Chile China Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia Mexico17 In the unlikely eventthat you cease to exist asa NIC, what happens tothe users you haveserved?

We don't serve usersdirectly

Transfer the users to thenew NIC

Government can re-delegate responsibilityfor registry. Registrantsprotected

intentionally blank intentionally blank We would first advocatethe set-up of an open andequitable policy-makingbody with participationof all walks of Internetusers before transferringout and entrusting ourservice.

Operations will behanded to the assocationof ISP or to IANA.

There is currently noplan for a successor toJPNIC

This event can nothappen.

n/a They will sue us!... NICcan't desappear... mighttransfer the management,but never disappear.

1 September, 2000



Maintaining the stabilityof the registry is a primeaim of the governance ofDomainz by ISOCNZand requirements for thisare currently beingreviewed. There are nospecific arrangements inplace at present to copewith this eventuality.

intentionally blank Traslate to another NIC. They are unaffected. theDNS data is backed upon a various servers

worldwide.

we have severalorganization that cansupport NIC services, inthe nearest future we'lldeliver some of them thearchive copies of ourdatabase

The DNS service willlikely bew passed over toanother neutral party.



no no No since we are notoperational but expect tobe soon after we becomeoperational

intentionally blank intentionally blank We have been involvedin some disputes basedon trademark claims.

Most of these cases wereeither settled among theparties involved or beingput on hold pendingresolution. To ourknowledge, none of themhas been put to court sofar.

no No Not yet, we were neverinvolved in a suit.

no Yes. No role on the suit,the demandant desisted.


18 Have you beeninvolved (either directlyor indirectly) in atrademark suit? If so,what was the outcome?

Yes, very positiveoutcome. The Oggi casesaw the Registry clearedof any

involvement and costswere awarded in ourfavour.

See, "Progress on Oggi"underhttp://www.domainz.net.nz/newsstand/index.html

intentionally blank intentionally blank no yes, 3 or 4 times. Ourorganization had noproblems.

no intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank no intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


Oversight. To make sure that thedomain name registrationand ownership is notmisuse or go against thegovernment/nation bestinterest especially onwhat the domain name isfor especially on thecontent.

As per Canada,responsibility forallocation ofmanagement of registrythen monitoring as peroperational contract

intentionally blank intentionally blank a gate-keeper endorse theoperation of the NICensure equalopportunities and fairaccess work jointly withthe Internet communityto promote the proper useof the resource

deregulation, leave italone.

To support and ensurethe effort to carry outthis undertaking on theconcept of public benefitincorporating publicopinion as widely aspossible

Registration policy orcreation of new SLD oretc. effects many citizen.Government shouldparticipate in thedecision making process.

Ensure transparentprocesses are in placeand reasonable quality ofservice.

They must promote theparticipations of as manyas possible areas ofinterest on the internetissues, not only domainnames, in the country.


19 What role do youbelieve governmentshould play in managingdomain nameregistrations?

The New ZealandGovernment is in broad‘in principle’ agreementwith the GAC discussiondocument on bestpractices for ccTLDdelegation. It has noissues with the presentdelegation to ISOCNZ.

intentionally blank Don't have a role yet, butwe are creating aConsultant Council withpeople of all the societyto participate in thegoverment of the NIC.We hope complete theprocess in a few months

none. In countries wherethe governments managethe domain, the domaineventually dies andpeople move to COM. (agood example is India,where COM outsells IN240-to-1.)

no direct involvment Setup a good businessenvironment forElectronic Commerce,but not directly getinvolve in managingdomain registrationpolicy. It's better left tothe local internet industryto derive it out from theindustry's need.



none APNIC - meets theregional needs

Provide models for bothgovernments andregistries to follow

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Recognize the role ofCCTLD's admins,recognize the principle ofRFC 1591

To inform internationalsociety of the efforts ofthe individual economies

APEC can provide NICinformation of eachcountry such asregistration policy,dispute resolution policy,statistics, and so on.

APEC should participatein ICANN issues

Raising awareness onICANN issues amongAP nations andeconomies

Awareness toGoverments


20 What role do youbelieve APEC shouldplay in this process?

It would be useful forAPEC to discuss how itcan support the ICANNinitiatives.

intentionally blank Perhaps in the ConsultantCouncil.

none sorry, but I don't knowwhat is APEC. I'll beable to answer after I getsome more information

Maybe a informativerole, between NIC andTelecom industry.

intentionally blank APEC should helpeducate the governmentin the importance ofDomain NameProcedures



Yes - shortage due tolack of second leveldomains and restrictiverules.

no No intentionally blank intentionally blank Not pressing at themoment, but may be in afew years' time

No The are potential demandfor domain name foreach goods

Many domain names arebeing registered everyday. I don't believe wehave shortage of domainnames yet.

no Not yet.


21 Is there a real orperceived shortage ofavailable domain namesin your economy?

None apparent. intentionally blank No no not now, we are onlystarting

no intentionally blank No intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank

1 September, 2000


intentionally blank Brunet - 14,000subscribers 30-40yesterday - plans to goonline will be online -within the next year

No intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank Domain Name issue stillcontroversial and wethink it will take a bit oftime to have socialconcensus



22 Additional commentson any subject related todomain nameregistration.

None intentionally blank Is necesssary recuperatethe participacion of thepeople in the InternetProcess.

intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank intentionally blank


English only. English only French and English Spanish with an Englishform for foreigners

Chinese and English English only Bahasa Indonesia andsome English

Japanese and English Korean and English English only Spanish/English


23 Language used in website

English only English Spanish only English only Russian and English English only Chinese and English Thai and English English only No web site at this time English

1 September, 2000


n/a No interantionalseddomain names arerequired and users havenot been requesting them

Bernard Turcotte +1(450) [email protected]

intentionally blank We have developed ourc-DNS and m-DNSsystem. Under thesupport of MII, CNNICsteering committee

and the major ISPs inChina, we haveannounced the Chinesedomain name system.During the past twomonths, there are morethan 40,000 validChinese domain nameregistered.

We are also taking partinto some of theactivities for themultilingual domainname system, though wecan not attend all of thesemeetings because thetime and budgetlimitation.

The Chinese domainnames are stillexperimental, and at least3 different camps areeach advocating theirown (and incompatible)systems. More, no user inthe world can accessthose domain names,unless they install specialsoftware or joinparticular ISPs. Mostlikely, if you registersuch names, few peoplecan use it to go to yourwebsite

intentionally blank In May 1999, JPNICestablished iDN-TF, atask force to studymultilingual domainname from technologicalaspect. This task forcetries to identifyconditions tointroduction ofmultilingual domainname. In addition, ittries to implement a DNSsystem which supportsmultilingual domainnames as an experiment.(http://www.nic.ad.jp/en/topics/archive/20000225-01.html)

We are participatingactively, and plan todeploy korean domainname when theenvironment is set andtesting is done. From asurvey, done by a newspaper company, 83% ofthe participant prefer todeploy Korean domainname.

The issue is important,but not critical.Generally, MYNICsupports any initiativethat reflects AP’sdiversity. It is notsomething that malaysianusers have been askingfor.

They must exist,regardless ICANNdecision.


Opinion of NIC onInternationalised DomainNames

No Position taken at thistime.

intentionally blank Jose Soriano The philippines uses thestandard alphabet. But Ido know there is a lot ofwork going on in thisarea (eg - iDNS stuff),even in Singapore.

I think it will be useful tohave web adresses inRussian (along withEnglish). We frequentlyhave questions on thistopic

intentionally blank intentionally blank There is no demand fromthe Thai community onlocalized domain name.In fact, many people inthe Thai Internetcommunity today resistto this idea. However, asfar as we are concerned,Thai domain name issomething THNICshould do to promote theutilisation of the Internetin Thailand. It was onour research agendaeversince we set up ourorganization.

We have organized onepublic seminar andopened up a bulletinboard for people to posetheir ideas on this issue.


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