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1 | INNOVATION & INTEGRATION: Transforming the Energy Efficiency Market Buildings.Energy.gov

Why & How to Build a Zero Energy Ready Home SWEEP, Energy Logic & Department of Energy

Nancy KelloggProgram AssociateSouthwest Energy Efficiency Project

DOE Zero Energy Ready Home


Regional Energy Efficiency Organizations (REEOs)


• ZE – Zero Energy• NZE - Net Zero Energy – An energy efficient building that

produces as much energy as it uses annually • ZNE - Zero Net Energy – Same as NZE• ZC - Zero Carbon - A building that produces as much

renewable energy as it uses for the complete “life cycle” (construction, operation, 100-year use and demolition)

• ZEM – Zero Energy Modular• ZER – Zero Energy Ready • ZERH – DOE’s Zero Energy Ready Home – With the

addition of renewable energy can be a ZNE home.

Acronyms What Do They Mean?


Start with ENERGY EFFICIENCY!Plan - Reduce energy use – Monitor – Add Renewable Generation

• Zero Energy Building (ZEB) An energy-efficient building where, on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less than or equal to the on-site renewable exported energy. *

• Zero Energy Campus An energy-efficient campus where, *• Zero Energy Portfolio An energy-efficient portfolio where, Zero

Energy Community An energy-efficient community where, *

https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/common-definition-zero-energy-buildings

Definitions for Zero Energy Buildings


Looks Good Not Energy Efficient


• Lower Ownership Cost For All– Monthly Cash-Flow Reduced Utility Costs– Lower Maintenance & Operational Costs– More Durable and Resilient – Reduced Healthcare Costs

• Better Experience– Health – Comfort– Water – Quality– Reduced Air Pollution

Why ZERH Attainable Housing?

One in ten Coloradoans are Severely Cost Burdened , Spending 50% or More of Their Income on Housing


• Higher health care cost due to poor indoor air• Renters, experience higher-than-average energy

burdens.• Split incentive to improve housing for renters• Utility bills are one of the top reasons for bankruptcy• Homelessness is on the rise• Social inequity • …will know a lot more about

Health Risks

Society is cost burdened as well


• LEAP Low-income Energy Assistance Program• Xcel Energy• Energy Resource Center• Xcel Energy Colorado Medical Exemption Program

(CMEP)• Colorado Energy Office• Energy Outreach CO• Faith organizations

Pay Now or Pay Later


1. Goal to build homes the lowest cost utilities bills possible

2. Decided to build all electric, Zero Net Energy homes

3. Signed on with the DOE ZERH program

Roaring Fork Valley Habitat for Humanity


Basalt Vista


Thank You

For More Information:www.buildings.energy.gov/zero/

Email Contact:[email protected]

[email protected]

Questions?


The Future is Energy Positive!


Why Zero Energy Ready Home is Affordable

DOE Zero Energy Ready HomeHousing Colorado Webinar – Sept. 5, 2019

SAM RASHKINDOE Building Technologies Office


Zero Energy Ready Home:1. Affordability New Reality2. Specifications: Easy Lift from Energy Star3. Getting Started

Outline



1. Affordability New Reality


Image Basis: Building Energy Codes Program: National Benefits Assessment, 1992-2040, https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/documents/BenefitsReport_Final_March20142.pdf

1970 2015

2006IECC

100

40

Comfort, Maintenance, Health Challenges

Affordable Housing New Reality

EUI(1975 = 100)

Improvement in Code(1975-2015)

38%38%2009IECC

2012IECC

2015IECC


New Reality Affordability Question

Are homes affordable if they don’t help minimize:

• Comfort Expenses;

• Maintenance Expenses; and

• Health Expenses

…while Optimizing Future Value?


Minimizing Comfort Expenses

More Air Flow,

Shorter Swing Seasons

LessAir Flow,

Longer Swing SeasonsWarm

Side

More EfficientEnclosure

Less EfficientEnclosure

Thermal/Air Flow

Thermal/Air Flow

Cold Side


Minimizing Maintenance Expenses

Colder Surface

Less Wetting, More Drying

MoreWetting, Less Drying



Thermal/Air Flow

Thermal/Air Flow

Warm Side

Cold Side


Minimizing Health Expenses

LessAccumulated Contaminants

MoreAccumulated Contaminants



Thermal/Air Flow

Thermal/Air Flow

Warm Side

Cold Side


Step One:Optimize EfficiencyEnergy Efficient

Enclosure

Energy Efficient Components

Step Two:Do No Harm

Comprehensive Water Protection

Ensured Comfort System

Comprehensive Indoor Air Quality

Step Three:Ensure

Zero ReadySolar Ready Construction

Optimizing Affordability



2. Specifications:The Easy Lift from ENERGY STAR


Eligible Building Types

• SFD and SFA dwellings

• MF buildings up to 5 stories• Central HVAC & DHW allowed

• Focus is New Construction; Substantial Rehabs can be qualified;

Same as ENERGY STAR:


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3

ENERGY STAR v3.1 ZERH

HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure

IECC 2015Enclosure

Independent Verification



Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

Optimized Duct Location

EPA Indoor Air Package

Eff. Comps.& H2O Distrib.

Solar Ready

Context…


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure

IECC 2015Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready

Stepping up to ZERH…


Target Home Sets HERS Value


Typical ZERH HERS Threshold

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

HER

S Inde

x

Climate Zone

Average DOE Challenge Home HERS Index by Climate Zone(Overall Average = 55.5)

Based on 1800, 2400, and 3600 ft 2 prototypes on climate‐appropriate foundations.

Typical DOE ZERH-Compliant HERS Index by Climate ZoneApprox.

Range for ENERGY

STAR v3.0

Approx. Range for ENERGY

STAR v3.1


• 236,000+ HERS Ratings

• 61 Avg. HERS Index

• ~85,000 Homes Ready for ZERH

Source: “Demand for HERS Continues to Grow: Over 236,000 Homes HERS Rated in 2018,” RESNET blog, January 17, 2019

Market Ready for ZERH


“I couldn’t afford to pay for rent and groceries and gas [before owning my Zero Energy Ready Home].”

Cold Climate, Affordable: HERS -1


Warm Climate, Affordable: HERS 49


Cold Climate, ProductionHERS 3 (low 40s w/o PV)


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure

IECC 2015Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready



• Compliance with next generation code

• Three Options for Compliance: Prescriptive Alternative equivalent U-factor Total UA calculation

- allow for modest trade-offs of insulation levels from one part of the envelope to others.

2015 IECC Insulation


CZ 4 CZ 5

Walls R-20 or R-13+5

Ceiling R-49Floor R-19 R-30

Basement R-10/13 R-15/19Crawl Space R-10/13 R-15/19

Slab R-10 for 2’ Deep

2015 IECC Insulation


High-R Wall Options


• Advanced Framing with Thicker Wall– 2x6 construction– Staggered studs (2x4) with 2x6 plates

• Rigid Insulation Exterior Sheathing– Continuous Rigid Insulation w/Sheathing– Continuous Rigid Insulation w/o Sheathing

• Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)• Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs)• Double Wall

High-R Wall Options


High Performance Windows

ENEGY STAR Window Specs to

Apply to DOE Zero Energy Ready

Home Projects1

Hot ClimatesIECC CZ 1-2

Mixed ClimatesIECC CZ 3-4 except

Marine

Cold ClimatesIECC CZ 5-8

and 4 Marine2

U-Value SHGC U-value SHGC U-Value SHGC

0.40 0.25 [CZ 3] 0.30[CZ 4] 0.30

[CZ 3] 0.25[CZ 4] 0.40

0.30 0.310.32

Any ≥0.35≥0.40

1. DOE Zero Energy Ready Home offers multiple compliance paths including area weighting and allowances for passive solar design. See the National Program Requirements, Exhibit 1 with footnotes, for details.

2. These U & SHGC values are based on the ENERGY STAR v5.0 Window Specifications. DOE ZERH will review the feasibility of adopting ENERGY STAR v6.0 Window Specifications, which entail lower U values, periodically. Any program update to require the v6.0 window specs will be announced with a minimum 1-year phase-in.


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure

IECC 2015Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready


Pre-requisite for DOE ZERH


95% Condensing FurnaceX

60% Efficient Duct Distribution

Duct Performance Importance

80% FurnaceX

90% Efficient Duct Distribution

57% System Efficiency 72% System Efficiency

Cooling:

If we’re using a SEER 21, variable speed A/C system…- SEER 21 has twice the run time vs a SEER 13 system- Ducts in conditioned space: SEER 21 gives 40% savings- Ducts not in conditioned space: just 27% savings


Ducts in Unvented AtticUnvented Crawl Sp./Basement

Optimized Duct Location Options

Ducts in Vented Attic

Mini‐split Systems

Buried DuctsModified Attic TrussDropped Ceiling

Ducts in Conditioned Space

Ducts Between Floors

Ductless Systems


• Short Duct Run up to 10’ of total length is permitted to be outside of the home’s thermal and air barrier boundary.

• Jump Ducts may be located in attics if all joints, including boot-to-drywall, are fully air sealed with mastic

Optimized Ducts Exemptions


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure

IECC 2015Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready


IAP Certification



Comprehensive IAQ


Required for Moisture Control:A. Gas Permeable Layer

(min. 4” clean gravel)B. Plastic Sheeting

(under slab)C. Sealing and Caulking

(all openings in concrete floor)D. Vent Pipe

(3 or 4 inch PVC pipe)E. Junction Box

(if fan needed later)

Radon Resistant Construction

Radon Test Kits Not Required


Note: these maps indicate average risk by county. However, High levels of Radon can be found in any home.

Surgeon General’s Warning:Radon Causes Lung Cancer

Radon Zones in U.S.


Screened Openings for Pests

Corrosion-proof rodent/bird screens for openings(e.g., copper or stainless steel mesh)

Exception: clothes dryer vent


Low Emission Materials

• Low formaldehyde pressed wood

• Low formaldehyde cabinets

• Low VOC paints

• Low VOC carpet, padding, adhesives


• Low emission materials and products are rapidly evolving

• Labels & certifications can be challenging to navigate

• To help partners identify sources and spec products, a new IAP resources is available:

Low-Emission Product Resource


Certified CO Alarms & ETS

CO Alarm Enforceable policy inMulti-family buildings

Combined CO & Smoke Alarm

CO Alarm in each bedroom area


Automatically closing, gasketed door

Attached Garage Isolation

IF house has exhaust-based WHMV system, then:a. Install garage

exhaust fan,OR

b. House WRT garage ≥ 45 Pa, when house is + 50 Pa relative to outdoors


Source: Construction Instruction

No Air Handler in the Garage

Attached Garage Isolation


HVAC Duct Design & Materials

No Building Cavity Ducts


8 MERV Filter Minimum

High-MERV HVAC Filter


Install equipment with sufficient latent capacity to maintain indoor RH ≤ 60%.

Dehumidification (Warm-Humid CZs)


Also recommended in 3A (above white

line) & 4A

Dehumidification (Warm-Humid CZs)


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure

IECC 2015Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready




Components and MEL’s are increasingly larger part of total energy use in low-load homes (~50%).

Efficient Components

Heating & Cooling

Hot WaterMEL’sLighting & Appliances

Energy Use - Then Energy Use - Now

Key:


Zero Energy Ready Home requires:• ENERGY STAR Certified Appliances:*

refrigerators, dishwashers, clothes washers• ENERGY STAR Certified Fans*:

bathroom ventilation, ceiling fans• ENERGY STAR Certified Lighting:

Min. 80% of fixtures or lamps (CFL or LED)• Efficient Hot Water Distribution …or…

Efficient Water Heater + WaterSense Showerheads and Bath Faucets

*Only where installed by builder

Efficient Components


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready


IECC 2015Enclosure



Solar Electric Ready Requirements

Dedicated Area for installing inverter and balance of system

Conduit to run DC wire from roof to inverter

Conduit to run AC wire from inverter location to electric panel

Circuit Breaker designated and/or installed for use by the PV system in the electric panel

Documentation of the maximum allowable dead load and live load ratings of the existing roof (Rec DL.: +6 lbs./sq. ft.)


PV-Ready Checklist Applicability

Solar Ready Encouraged

Enco

urag

edR

equi

red

Solar Ready Required


Not required if significant solar resource not accessible:• Tree Shading• Tall Buildings• Available South Facing Roof

PV-Ready Allowances

Multifamily Building Allowances:• PV-ready features may be

provided for the common space instead of at the dwelling level


IECC2012

ENERGY STAR v3


HERS 70-80

HERS 65-75

HERS55-65

HERS 48-55

IECC 2012 Enclosure

IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012Enclosure




Water Management

Water Management

Water Management

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV

HVAC QI with WHV




Solar Ready


IECC 2015Enclosure

Pre-requisite for ZERH


Added Costs?

“It depends”• Base energy code?• ENERGY STAR v3.1?• Is the Affiliate already including…

– Passive Radon Reduction? (Zone 1)– Dehumidification? (Hot/Humid)– Optimized duct location?


• Compares ZERH costs and savings relative to 2009 and 2012 IECC code-min. homes

• In all scenarios, monthly energy savings greater than additional monthly mortgage

• Available on ZERH website under Resources

Cost Analysis


DOE Zero Energy Ready HomeCost Factor Estimated Benefits

Added First Cost1, 2 $1500 - $5000Added First Cost, Amortized3 $7 - $25/month

Energy Savings4 $50/month

Homeowner Net + $25 - $43/month$10,000’s over 30-yr. loan

Non-Energy Cost Savings• Lower Health Cost• Lower Maintenance• Greater Future Value

1. Beyond minimum code home based on a DOE ZERH Case Study for a Florida affiliate & DOE Energy & Cost Savings Analysis2. Does not account for federal tax credits, rebates, or in-kind product or labor.3. 4% interest rate, 30-year fixed mortgage4. Compared to code minimum home based on 3 Case Studies of DOE ZERH-qualified Habitat Homes (all in FL)

Net Cost Example



3. Getting Started


• Same rater network

• Same modeling software (at least 3 different options)

• Same plan review & site inspection protocol

ENERGY STAR & DOE ZERH


ZERH Partner Process

• Become a partner online (builder or rater)• No need to pre-register projects• No program certification fees• Recommend integrated design process (MEPs)• Rater: plan review & site inspections• Project Certification - Rater compliance report

from modeling software to RESNET Registry• Builder credited with certified home on DOE

website


www.buildings.energy.gov/zero/• Become a Partner• Program Specs• DOE Tour of Zero• 24+ Recorded Webinars• Marketing Tool Kit

Contact: [email protected]

Resources and Next Steps

Thank You!

Colorado Housing ZERH

Berthoud, Colorado-based EnergyLogic is a software and building consulting company that has provided expert resources, education and support to new home builders and energy raters involved in the construction of high-performance homes since 2006.

About

Mandatory Sections

• HERS Index• Minimum Rated Features

• IECC / Energy Star / DOE ZERH• Thermal Envelope• Mechanical • Water Management

Third Party Consulting and Verification

Mandatory Requirements

H-QUITO• Currently ACCA and Advanced Energy are the only national EPA–recognized

third–party training and oversight organization

http://www.advancedenergy.org/qap/how_to_participate.php

http://qacontractors.org/new-homes/

Purchasing Issues• Indoor Air Plus building specifications

• Product binder review per project

• Energy Star product sourcing• Windows• Fans• Appliances

• Hot water distribution/circulation• DOE / EnergyStar/ IAP Partnerships/ID numbers• HVAC Contractor Credentialing

Design Issues• Proper HVAC Design due to reduced load

• Ducts in conditioned space requirement• Depiction of the thermal envelope

• Plan set requirement in the IECC• Air barrier details

• Plan set requirement in IECC• Energy and water management specification and details• Framing details

• Corners and Headers

• PV panel load or actual load

Field Issues• Projected HERS Analysis qualification• Code and Energy Star air barrier and insulation installation mandatory requirements• Energy Star other mandatory Checklist requirements• Indoor Air Plus field checklist• Ducts in conditioned space• Hot water distribution• PV Ready Checklist or installed PV specifications• Communication from purchasing/decision maker to Construction Manager and trade

partners• DOE Builder #

Robby SchwarzEnergyLogicPrincipal/Director of Builder [email protected]

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