documents.tips 5 categorization of fabric defects as major minor.pptx

8/20/2019 'Documents.tips 5 Categorization of Fabric Defects as Major Minor.pptx'

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Categorization of fabricCategorization of fabric

defects as major, minor anddefects as major, minor and

critical defectscritical defects


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CriticalCritical

DefectsDefectsA critical defect resultsin hazardous or unsafeconditions for individualsusing , maintaining, or

depending on theproduct or preventsperformance of atactical function of amajor end use item.

These defects are notcommon with textileproducts but they mayoccur with someoccupational apparel

क कटल पड दष

• ए क कटल पड दष व ह ज पड इसतमल त ह ए खतन य अ कत कसकतय

पद द त ह य क !अपकत य" न त ह• य दष पड य वसत म# $ह त

म द खन कमलत ह


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ajor defectajor defect

ajor defects are thosethat adversely a!ecteither the appearance ofthe product or itsfunction and

performance.

ajor Defect " A defectthat, if conspicuous onthe #nished product,

would cause the item tobe a second. $A %second%is a garment with aconspicuous defect thata!ects the saleability orserviceability of the

item.

म % पड दष

• म ज दष व ह ज !&पद 'प य !( य"मत प द)"न प कत * ल 'प प +कवत त ह,-

• म ज दष वह ह ज ए !&पद इ त( प +कवत त ह ( व . / ( ) 0( म# 1 जत ह


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inor Defectsinor Defects

A defect that wouldnot cause the productto be termed a second

either because ofseverity or location.&hen inspecting piece

goods prior to cutting,it is necessary to rate

'uestionable defectsas major, since theinspector will not (nowwhere the defect mayoccur on the item.

मइन पड दष

• ए मइन पड दष वह ह ज क( +( पड इतन प +कवत नह( . त ( व # / म# क2न जय

• अ2 कट.2 द3न 4 दष म ज ल2 त ! वह( म" द न 5कहय तक इ य पत 5ल क

वह ह 1य ह


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Woven Fabric DefectsWoven Fabric Defects


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Fabric Type Defect Name Categorization

&oven )abric *ro(en #laments

&oven )abric Colored )lec(s

&oven )abric +lub

&oven )abric +lubby weft

&oven )abric Double end

&oven )abric issing ends

ajor or inor

inor

inor

inor

inor

ajor


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&oven )abric eed mar(s

&oven )abric-ashing"in

&oven )abric *ro(en pattern

&oven )abric &eft bar

&oven )abric out

&oven )abric *ro(en ends woven in a bunch

inor

inor

ajor

ajor

inor

inor


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&oven )abric /ily &eft

&oven )abric+narls

&oven )abric0ole, Cut or Tear

&oven )abric +tains

&oven )abric /ily &arp

ajor or inor

inor

ajor

ajor or inor

ajor or inor


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1nitted )abric Defects1nitted )abric Defects

CategorizationCategorization


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1nitted )abric *arriness

1nitted )abric 2ariation in 3arn Count

1nitted )abric Cotton Contamination

1nitted )abric 2ertical stripes

1nitted )abric 0orizontal stripes

ajor

ajor

inor

ajor

ajor


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1nitted )abric 0oles

1nitted )abric Dropped stitches

1nitted )abric )abric +pirality

1nitted )abric +tretch mar(s on fabric surface

1nitted )abric Curling at 4dges on Cutting

ajor

ajor

ajor or inor

ajor

ajor


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5rocessing Defect5rocessing DefectCategorizationCategorization


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Defect Name Categorization

*leaching +pot

6neven dyeing75atchy dyeing

Dye bar

isprint7+tencil mar( 7/verlapping

6neven printing or tinting

&ater mar(

Dye stu! stain

inor

ajor

ajor

inor or ajor

ajor

inor

ajor


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/il +tains

&hite spot

+hading or listing

*owing

5illing

ajor or inor

inor

ajor

ajor

ajor or inor


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+tain near etallic zipper7 button

5oor Dimensional +tability

5oor Colorfastness to &ashing

5oor Colorfastness to ubbing

5oor Colorfastness to -ight

-ycra 3arn *rea(age

ajor

ajor

ajor

ajor

ajor

ajor


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This was a healthy discussion This was a healthy discussion

towards categorization of fabrictowards categorization of fabricdefectsdefects

Although it also depend on buyer todecide as customer is the KING


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Defects Due to YarnDefects Due to Yarn

Broken laments - 8t occurs when theindividual #laments constituting the mainyarn are bro(en. This defect can not be

mended.


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Coloure Flecks 9 5resence ofcoloured foreign matter in the yarn.8t can be mended.

Defects Due to Yarn


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!nots 9 8t occurs when bro(enthreads are pieced together by

improper (notting. This can be

mended by cutting.inor


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"lub # A slub is a bunch of #breshaving less twist or no twist and hasa wider diameter compared to normalspun yarn. 8t can be mended.

Defects Due to Yarn


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"lubby $eft - A slubby weft is theoccurrence of slubs at fre'uent

intervals in the weft yarn.


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Due to Weaving#Due to Weaving#

Double en 9 &hen two or more endsunintentionally get woven as one. Thisdefect is characterized by a thic( bar

running parallel to the warp. 8t can bemended.


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%issing ens 9 This fabric ischaracterized by a gap parallel to thewarp. The number of ends missing may be

one or more. 8t can not be mended.

Due to Weaving#


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Defects Due to Weaving#Defects Due to Weaving#

Broken ens $oven in a bunc& 9 Thisdefect is caused by a bunch of bro(enends woven in the fabric. 8t can be

mended.


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'ee marks 9 A pronounced warpway crac( caused by a damaged ordefective reed. 8t can be mended.


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(as&ing-in 9 An extra piece of yarnwoven into the fabric near the selvedge. 8tcan be mended.


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Broken pattern 9 A bro(enpattern is the non"continuity of a

weave7design7pattern. 8t can not

be mended.


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Weft bar " An unwanted bar,running across the full width of a piecewhich di!ers in appearance from the

adjacent normal fabric. This defect cannot be mended.


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Weft crack or %issing )ick " Anarrow strea( running parallel withweft threads caused due to absence

of weft. 8t can be mended.


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*out 9 out is a foreign matterusually lint or waste accidentally

woven into the fabric. 8t can be

mended easily.

Due to Weaving#


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"tains# These are defects of oil, rust,grease or other stains found in thefabric. +tains can be removed with

stain remover.


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+ily Warp9 These are oily orsoiled warp

+ily Weft 9 +trea(s of dirty and

oily weft appearing across thewidth of the cloth, can be full orpartial.


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"narls 9 A short length of yarn, mainlythe weft, which has spontaneouslydoubled bac( on itself results in snarls.

8f low in number it can be mended.


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,ole Cut or Tear


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Barriness9 An unintentional, repetitive visualpattern of continuous bars and strips usuallyparallel to the course"wise direction of circular(nit fabric.

!nitte fabric efects

inor


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!nitte fabric efects!nitte fabric efects

.ariation in Yarn Count # 6se of yarnwith

signi#cantly di!erent yarn count or havinghigher

imperfections leading to variation in dyeupta(e


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Cotton Contamination# Dar(+tains undetectable on grey cottonfabric and appearing after dyeing



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.ertical stripes9 A defect thatoccurs due to

defective needles or sin(ers



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,oles# 0appens due to brea(age ofyarn during loop formation.



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Droppe stitc&es# this defect iscaused when the yarn in occasionallyunhoo(ed by the needle.



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Fabric "pirality# Distortion of(nitted fabric.

&ales are not perpendicular to the

courses:instead follow a spiral path round the

axis of

(nitted fabric tube



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"tretc& marks on fabric surface9Due to

-ycra Damage



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Curling at /ges on Cutting9 Turningof

(nitted fabric on cutting. 0appens due to

lowtightness factor of the fabric or high yarntwist.



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Bleac&ing "potBleac&ing "pot

The fabric is characterized by a yellow tint in the

bleached cloth. 8n bleached goods such a

di!erence will not be acceptable.


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0neven yeing1)atc&y yeing0neven yeing1)atc&y yeing

The fabric is characterized by an area of light orheavy dyeing along and across the width of thefabric. 8t also includes shade variation and heavy orlight dyeing on selvedges.

0appens mainly due to water hardness, presence ofcalcium, magnesium, chlorine or heavy metals in thedye bath: defective padding


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Dye barDye bar

A bar in the weft direction due to adi!erence in the

yarn count or #bre content or defectivepadding

roller


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%isprint1"tencil mark 1+verlapping%isprint1"tencil mark 1+verlapping

*loc(age inscreen

)old in the fabric8mproper

handling of

screen7stencil


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0neven printing or tinting0neven printing or tinting

8n a printed fabric the design atone place is bold as re'uired,

while at other place the same is

hazy, light and unclear.


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An unwanted ripplee!ect7light mar( producedon the fabric is (nown as awater mar(.

Due to falling drops ofcondensate during

stentering or dyeing in

jigger

Water %ark


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Dye stu2 stainDye stu2 stain

An unwanted coloured mar( on a fabric'uali#es as a dye stu! stain.

ainly happens due to poor pre"treatment,insu;cient -, residual contaminants in

the substrate < water, poor materialhandling ,dye paste is not #ltered, improperrinsing7washing o! after dyeing

ajor


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+il "tains+il "tains

=8mproper oiling of machine

=5oor material handling


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W&ite spotW&ite spot

The fabric is characterized by a whitespot on an otherwise well dyed fabric.

0appens due to incompatibility of

mixture of dyes, or colours are notproperly dissolved


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Bo$ingBo$ing

*owing is a condition of a fabricwherein the warp and the weft

yarns do not (eep at right angles

to each other.


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)illing)illing

The entangling of #bres during washing,drycleaning

or while being worn which form balls or pills

andstand on the surface of the fabric.


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)oor Dimensional "tability)oor Dimensional "tability

8mproper heat setting inpolyester fabric

+anforising7zero"zero process is

not used4xcessive stretching during

stentering < other processing

) C l f t t) C l f t t


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)oor Colorfastness to)oor Colorfastness to

Was&ingWas&ing

8nade'uate rinsing of the fabric beforeoxidation $2at < +ulphur dyeing>

5remature or over"oxidation of the dye

5oor washing"o! after treatment



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)oor Colorfastness to)oor Colorfastness to

'ubbing'ubbing

Dyes used of poor rubbingfastness

8mproper use of #nishing agents

8ncomplete washing"o! 6n"mercerized cotton



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)oor Colourfastness to)oor Colourfastness to

(ig&t(ig&t

6sing dye of poor colourfastness to light


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(ycra Yarn Breakage(ycra Yarn Breakage

Due to improper wet processingi.e excessive treatment during

wet processing