DOCUMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER OF DOCUMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

FOR ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING OF FOR ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING OF ESOX LUCIUSESOX LUCIUS SPECIES – PIKE SPECIES – PIKE

• TECHNOLOGY DISPLAYTECHNOLOGY DISPLAY

• ObjectObject

• The elaborated technology is after controlled spawning of The elaborated technology is after controlled spawning of Esox Esox luciuslucius – pike, towards redressing its natural populations and – pike, towards redressing its natural populations and inserting it on aquaculture.inserting it on aquaculture.

• Area of implementationArea of implementation

• Implicit costumers of spawning technology are economical Implicit costumers of spawning technology are economical agents that have the main activity fishing and aquaculture. agents that have the main activity fishing and aquaculture.

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF APPLYING TECHNOLOGYTECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF APPLYING TECHNOLOGY2.1 Technological system for artificial spawning of 2.1 Technological system for artificial spawning of Esox luciusEsox lucius

• Technological system for artificial spawning must include the Technological system for artificial spawning must include the following buildings, installations and facilities:following buildings, installations and facilities:

• ponds for pre-maturation;ponds for pre-maturation;

• ponds for maturation;ponds for maturation;

• station for incubation;station for incubation;

• Such constructions are recommended to be located as close to Such constructions are recommended to be located as close to one another in order to enable fast evolve of works.one another in order to enable fast evolve of works.

• Technological system will be apportion depending on production Technological system will be apportion depending on production capacity agreed by costumer, and will ensure by its capacity the capacity agreed by costumer, and will ensure by its capacity the spawning of minimum 50 families, in order to insure maintenance spawning of minimum 50 families, in order to insure maintenance and conservation of genetic biodiversity of species. and conservation of genetic biodiversity of species.

Ponds for pre-maturation Ponds for pre-maturation (Fig. 1) are intended for standing pike (Fig. 1) are intended for standing pike breeders in the period November – March. breeders in the period November – March.

• These are earthen ponds These are earthen ponds made by digging, usually made by digging, usually have rectangular form, have rectangular form, surface of 1000 – 2000 m2, surface of 1000 – 2000 m2, maximum 3000 m2, depth maximum 3000 m2, depth of 2.0 m and flow of water of 2.0 m and flow of water supply 3 – 5 l/sec/ha.supply 3 – 5 l/sec/ha.

• Ponds for maturationPonds for maturation used for standing of used for standing of breeders after breeders after administration pituitary administration pituitary injection are build on Earth injection are build on Earth made in cut and have made in cut and have surface of 20 – 30 m2 and surface of 20 – 30 m2 and depth of 1 m (Fig. 2). depth of 1 m (Fig. 2).

• Station for hatching Station for hatching is so is so constracted that can ensure a constracted that can ensure a constant temperature and can be constant temperature and can be adjusted and used to reproduce adjusted and used to reproduce several species of fish. Construction several species of fish. Construction dimensions are determined by the dimensions are determined by the number and type of hatcheries and by number and type of hatcheries and by the size of tanks used to rearing the size of tanks used to rearing larvae. Usual length of hatching hall is larvae. Usual length of hatching hall is 40 – 50 m and width is 10 – 12 m.40 – 50 m and width is 10 – 12 m.

• Small laboratory;Small laboratory;

• Platform for carrying out work on the Platform for carrying out work on the collection of sexual products and collection of sexual products and fertilization;fertilization;

• Devices for hatching;Devices for hatching;

• Modules for standing, maturation of Modules for standing, maturation of breeders;breeders;

• Tanks for standing and rearing larvae;Tanks for standing and rearing larvae;

• System for supplying, distributing, System for supplying, distributing, adjusting and discharging adjusting and discharging technological water. technological water.

• Device for hatchingDevice for hatching pike eggs is pike eggs is aimed to achieving some optimum aimed to achieving some optimum conditions for hatch and rearing conditions for hatch and rearing larvae during postembryonic larvae during postembryonic development.development.

• System consists of two concrete System consists of two concrete tanks located in a pilot station tanks located in a pilot station provided with pipeline network for provided with pipeline network for supplying, distributing and supplying, distributing and discharging technological water, discharging technological water, platform for apportion and platform for apportion and fertilization of eggs, support frames fertilization of eggs, support frames for hatching eggs, modules for for hatching eggs, modules for antifungal treatment of eggs.antifungal treatment of eggs.

• Concrete tanks have a useful volume Concrete tanks have a useful volume of 120 m3 and dimensions of 30 × 4 of 120 m3 and dimensions of 30 × 4 × 1.2 m (Fig. 6). These are supplied × 1.2 m (Fig. 6). These are supplied with pond water through lateral with pond water through lateral pipelines with a diameter of 100 mm pipelines with a diameter of 100 mm on which are fitted as many as 7 on which are fitted as many as 7 taps. The maximum flow rate taps. The maximum flow rate provided by the 7 taps on each pipe provided by the 7 taps on each pipe is about 70 l/min, generally working is about 70 l/min, generally working flow rates being smaller (50 l/min). flow rates being smaller (50 l/min).

• Support frames for Support frames for hatching pike eggs (Fig. hatching pike eggs (Fig. 9). 9). This type of frame is This type of frame is like a box opened at the like a box opened at the top, having the dimensions top, having the dimensions of 34 × 40 cm, margins of 5 of 34 × 40 cm, margins of 5 – 6 cm, made of wood from – 6 cm, made of wood from brad. On the long side brad. On the long side present a slot with present a slot with dimensions of 10 – 15 cm dimensions of 10 – 15 cm which allow to eliminate the which allow to eliminate the excess of spermatozoids excess of spermatozoids and after hatch allow larvae and after hatch allow larvae to escape in the concrete to escape in the concrete tank where they will start tank where they will start rearing cycle. rearing cycle.

DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGYDESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY

• The technology for artificial breeding and rearing of The technology for artificial breeding and rearing of Esox Esox luciuslucius larvae imply the passing through of following phases: larvae imply the passing through of following phases:

• Assurance of breeders stock;Assurance of breeders stock;• Evaluation of phenotypic characters and sex determination;Evaluation of phenotypic characters and sex determination;• Standing, pre-maturation of breeders;Standing, pre-maturation of breeders;• Assessment of reproductive conditionAssessment of reproductive condition• Induction of sexual cells maturation;Induction of sexual cells maturation;• Gathering sexual products;Gathering sexual products;• Fecundation;Fecundation;• Incubation of sexual products in special installed enclosures;Incubation of sexual products in special installed enclosures;• Sacking and transportation of larvae;Sacking and transportation of larvae;• Rearing larvae up on achieving adult-like phenotypic Rearing larvae up on achieving adult-like phenotypic

characters;characters;• Bagging and transportation of fry.Bagging and transportation of fry.

Assurance of breeders stockAssurance of breeders stock

• Having regard to the fact that pike reproducing early Having regard to the fact that pike reproducing early spring, when water temperature is of 8 – 10 0C, breeders spring, when water temperature is of 8 – 10 0C, breeders are separated by sex and standing in are separated by sex and standing in ponds of pre-ponds of pre-maturationmaturation on fishing in autumn, such as wintering on fishing in autumn, such as wintering coincides with pre-maturation time.coincides with pre-maturation time.

• Stoking density on pre-maturation ponds is of 500 – 600 Stoking density on pre-maturation ponds is of 500 – 600 ex/ha.ex/ha.

• Pike breeders will be examined immediately after fishing for Pike breeders will be examined immediately after fishing for evaluation of phenotypic characters and determination of evaluation of phenotypic characters and determination of sex. Breeders with length of 50 – 60 cm and width of 1.5 – 2 sex. Breeders with length of 50 – 60 cm and width of 1.5 – 2 kg are selected. Fish hit or affected by parasitic or kg are selected. Fish hit or affected by parasitic or infectious diseases are not accepted. infectious diseases are not accepted.

Maturation of breedersMaturation of breeders

• At the end of winter – usually in early March, when water At the end of winter – usually in early March, when water temperature reaches 5 – 6 0C, breeders are transferred in temperature reaches 5 – 6 0C, breeders are transferred in maturation ponds separated by sex, in which is ensure maturation ponds separated by sex, in which is ensure continuous stream of water.continuous stream of water.

Hormonal inductionHormonal induction

• Is accomplish when water temperature is situated around Is accomplish when water temperature is situated around the value of 10 0C. For hormonal induction will be used the value of 10 0C. For hormonal induction will be used extract of carp pituitary. Females are induced to spawn extract of carp pituitary. Females are induced to spawn with 3.5 – 4 mg/kg of body weight, depending on with 3.5 – 4 mg/kg of body weight, depending on maturation stage, and for males is administered 1.5 – 2 maturation stage, and for males is administered 1.5 – 2 mg/kg of body weight.mg/kg of body weight.

• Gathering sexual produces is accomplished after about 72 Gathering sexual produces is accomplished after about 72 hours. hours.

Gathering eggs and artificial fertilizationGathering eggs and artificial fertilization

• Gathering eggs is made Gathering eggs is made from perfect sexually from perfect sexually matured females. At the matured females. At the time harvesting eggs, the time harvesting eggs, the fish is hold by rolling up fish is hold by rolling up with a towel of mull around with a towel of mull around the head and tail, is hold the head and tail, is hold by head with left hand in by head with left hand in position with tail down so position with tail down so that by gently palpation of that by gently palpation of abdomen, eggs to fall in jar abdomen, eggs to fall in jar prepared (Fig. 10). prepared (Fig. 10).

• Sperm is milks directly on the Sperm is milks directly on the eggs or pipette (using the eggs or pipette (using the same type of pipette as for same type of pipette as for carp fertilization) and then carp fertilization) and then doped on the eggs.doped on the eggs.

• Hatch on frames in tank Hatch on frames in tank for postembryonic rearing.for postembryonic rearing.

• Comparatively with classic Comparatively with classic technology in which pike eggs technology in which pike eggs were subjected to operation were subjected to operation of desizing and incubation in of desizing and incubation in Zug-Weiss hatcheries, at Zug-Weiss hatcheries, at CCDP Nucet, it has develop a CCDP Nucet, it has develop a more efficient method for more efficient method for incubating eggs, on frames, in incubating eggs, on frames, in tanks where is also tanks where is also accomplished postembryonic accomplished postembryonic development after hatching development after hatching time. time.

Rearing larvaeRearing larvae

• In the first stage of development, larvae can be In the first stage of development, larvae can be reared inside of hatching station, in special tanks reared inside of hatching station, in special tanks for postembryonic development with following for postembryonic development with following sizes: 30 × 4 × 1 m. Tanks are provided with an sizes: 30 × 4 × 1 m. Tanks are provided with an enclosure of filtering to the discharging side to enclosure of filtering to the discharging side to prevent escape of larvae or fries.prevent escape of larvae or fries.

• Water supply is made gravitationally from Water supply is made gravitationally from subsiding tank where filters are fixed on each subsiding tank where filters are fixed on each column that filling spawning stations. column that filling spawning stations.