document resume reference materials: theme 4 ...nor merit'a deep, penetrating study that...

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Gadway, Charles J..Reference Materials: Theme 4, Reading._Education Commission of the States, Denver, Colo..National Assessment of Educational Progress. ..,

National Center for Educational Statistics (DHEW/C1),Washington, D.C.'.R-02-R-04Jul 73164p..Superintendent of Documents, U...S..GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D. _C..20402 ($2.10)

MF-$0.65 BC-46.58*Adolescents; *Information Retrieval; *ReadingResearch; Reading Skills; Reading Tests; *ReferenceMaterials; *Young Adults*National Assessment of Educational Progress

As part of the National Assessment of EducitionalProcri-ess on reading, this volume reflects the theme of reference'matexials..Divided into subthemes, the first requires the individual

to know appropriate reference sources, since reference sources argbest utilized when an individual knows which type of reference toconsult for a specific kind of information..The second subthemerequires the individual to use reference materials effectively, sinceonce the appropriate source is located, an individual must be able toextract the-desired information.. In all but one exercise (lellich

incorporated a real dictionary) facsimiles of reference materialswere used..In addition to introducing the theme, the ypluee describesthe results obtained from the assessment. - (Sample exercises- andcharts do not reproduce well due to type size.). (HOD)

U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION &WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUC ED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

REPORT 02-R-04

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1970-71 Assessment

NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESSPROJECT OF THE EDUC4riGN COAMMISSION OF THE ", T4

NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS

A Project of the Education Commission of the StatesWinfield Dunn, Governor of Tennessee, Chairman, Education Commission of the States

Wendell F. Pierce, Executive Director, Education Commission of the StatesJames A Hazlett, Administrative Director, National Assessment

Assessment Reports# 1 Science: National Results . : . July, 1970

. # 2 Citizenship: National Results November, 1970# 3 Writing: National Results November, 1970# 4 Science: Group Results A April, 1971# 5 Writing: Group Results A April, 1971# 6 Citizenship: Group Results A July, 1971# 8 Writing: Writing Mechanics Febeuary, 1972# 9 Citizenship: Group Results B May, 1972#02-GIY Reading and Literature: General Information Yearbook May, 1972#02-R-00 Reading: Summary (Preliminary Report) May, 1972#10 Writing: Selected Essays - November, 1972#02-R-09 Reading: Reading Rate and Comprehension (Theme 9) December, 1972#02-L-01 Literature: Understanding Imaginative

Language (Theme 1) March, 1973#02-L-20 Literature: Released Exercises April, 1973#02-L-02 Literature: Responding to Literature (Theme 2) April, 1973#02-R-01 Reading: Understanding Words and Word Relationships

(Theme 1) April, 1973#02LL-03 Literature: Re 'ognizing Literary Works

and Characters (Theme 3) April, 1973# 7 Science: Group Results B May, 1973#11 Writing: Group Results A & B May, .1973#02-R-08 Reading: Critical. Reading (Theme 8) May, 1973#02-L-04 Literature: A Survey of Reading Habits (Theme 4) May, 1973#02-R-03 Readingi Written Directions (Theme 3) May, 1973#02-R-05 Reading: Gleaning Significant Facts

from Passages (Theme 5) May, 1973#02-L-00 Literature: Summary Data June, 1973#02-R-02 Reading: Graphic Materials (Theme 2) June, 1973#02-R-20 Reading: Released Exercises July, 1973#02-R-06 Reading: Main Ideas and Organization (Theme 6) July, 1973#02- R-04 Reading: Reference Materials (Theme 4) July, 1973

The project reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant from the NationalCenter for Educational Statistics of the U.S. Office of Education, Department of Health,Education, and Welfare. However, the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily re-flect the position or policy of the U.S. Office of Education, and no official endorsementby the U.S. Office of Education should be inferred.

This report was made possible in part by funds granted by Carnegie Corporation ofNew York and the Ford Foundation's Rind for the Advancement of Education. Thestatements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of National Assess-ment of Educational Progress, a project of. the Education Commission of the States.

Education Commission of the StatesSuite 300, 1860 Lincoln Street

Denver, Colorado 80203

-NA IONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS

A Project of the Education Commission of the States

REPORT 02-R-04 I

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Theme 4, Reading

July, 1973

For sole by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402

NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS

James A. Hazlett J. Stanley AhmannAdministrative Director Staff Director

George H. JohnsonAssociate Staff Director

This report was written by Charles J. Gadway, Assistant to theDirector, Department of Research and Analysis, National Assess-

.

ment of Educational Progress.

Staff support was provided by: ,

Operationt DepartmentExercise Development DepartmentInformation Services DepartmentResearch and Analysis DepartmentUtilization/Applications DepartmentData Processing Services Department (ECS)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction to the Themes v.

. Methods of Describing the Data ix

Chapter 1: Theme 4: ReferenceMaterials

Chapter2: Summary of Results

Chapter 3: Results for Age 9

1

7

Chapter 4: Results for Age 13 31

Chapter 5: Results for Age 17 65

Chapter 6: Results for Young Adults 95

Chapter 7: Age Comparisons 111

'IN..CRODUCTION TO THE THEMES

The results for the Year 02 assessment (Reading and Litera-ture) are the first to be reported by theme. Coneeptually, atheme defines a set of existing and potential exercises that re-late to each other in content or some central idea that is mean-ingful to the subject area of concern. This format allows pre-senting all relevant results for each theme in a single report.The eight Reading, themes are described briefly at the end of thisintroduction.

In its broadest sense, "reading" can mean such diversethings as a fortune teller's "reading" tea leaves, one person"reading" another's facial expression and so on. National As-sessment is concerned with "reading" in a narrower sense--those"reading skills" usually taught in the schools - -and the percent-ages of individuals who have attained those skills.

In everyday life, people encounter such diverse types ofreading materials as books, newspapers, reference works, direc-tions, sundry graphic materials and others. Many of these mate-rials can be read "on the surface" or "in depth." A person maysimply glean_isolated facts from reading materials; or he may re-'late these fdcts to-recognize the central idea the facts support,draw complex inferences from the facts or criticize the content.In his essay, "Of Studies," Francis Bacon said,

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, somebooks are to be read only in parts; others to be readbut not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, andwith diligence and attention. . . Reading maketh afull man; . . .therefore, .if [a man] read little,he-had need have much cunning, to seem to know that hedoth not.

Some types of reading materials, therefore, neither requirenor merit'a deep, penetrating study that involves high level be-haviors. Extrapolating from the Bacon quotation, we might say

- that a "good" reader can, first of all, discriminate betweenthose materials that are best read shallowly and those that re-quire ,a reading.in depth. Then when he finds a work that needsto be "chewed and digested," he is able to do so-effectively. A"poor" reader, on the other hand,'can at best cope with the

"shallower" types of reading materials andsurface of more profound works.

can only muddle on the

The Reading themes represent both a variety of reading mate-rials and a variety of behaviors these materials require. Theywere developed by members of the National Assessment staff andreading specialists to cluster the Reading exercises into re-potting categories that axe meaningful to lay persons, scholarsand educators who are concerned with the reading skills of var-ious groups of young Americans.1

The themes are numbered--the lower numbers designatingskills that are usually, identified with early reading and thehighef numbers designating high order skills. Successful per-formance on exercises in the higher numbered themes requires someof the abilities measured in the lower numbered themes in addi-tion to the higher order skill. This increasing complexity isapparent in the brief descriptions (below) of the Reading themes.A more detailed description of each theme appears in Chapter 1 ofthe respective theme report.

Theme 1: Understand Words and Word Relationships

Since most reading materials contain words, any cognitivebehavior toward them 'requires at a minimum that the reader beable to understand the meanings of words and how words relate toform a meaningful whole; Exercises in this theme are of threetypes. One type requires the individual to give the meaning of aword occurring in isolation; another type requires the individualto derive the meaning of a word from its contextual use; and athird type requires the individual to recognize when sets ofwords relate to form a meaningful whole.

* * *

A person must be able to do more than merely recognize wordsand word relationships. In order to function adequately ineveryday life, he must also be able to glean important facts frommany types of materials. Themes 2-5 are all concerned with aperson's ability to identify and extract significant factual in-formation, but they differ in the method used to present the fac-tual information.

1See Chapter 3, General Information Yearbook (Report 02-GIY).

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Theme 2: GraphicMaterials

Subtheme A: Interpret drawings and picturesSubtheme 8: Read'signs and labelsSubtheme C: Read charts, maps and graphsSubtheme D: Read forms

Theme 2 is characterized by materials using a variety offormats other than line-by-line narrative to convey their mes-sages. Graphic materials can be used alone in lieu of line-by-line narrative or can be used in conjunction with line-by-linenarrative to clarify or augment its meaning.

Theme 3: Written Directions

Subtheme A: Understand written directionsSubtheme 8: Carry out written directions

Directions are information-imparting materials that tell ho.to do something. The subtheme understand written directions re-quires only that an individual indicate that he could performwhat the directions state, given the opportunity. The subthemecarry out written directions requirds the individual to actuallyperform what the directions state under circumstances that implyunderstanding as a prerequisite for adequate performance.

Theme 4: Reference Materials

Subtheme A: Know appropriate reference sourcesSubtheme 8: Use reference materials effectively

In order to utilize information from reference materials, anindividual must first know which type of reference to consult fora specific kind of information. This is the requirement of thesubtheme know appropriate reference sources. Once the appro-priate source is located, an individuir7Eit be able to extractthe desired information, that is, use reference materials effec-tively. In all but one exercise--which incorporated a real dic-tionaryin the latter subtheme, facsimiles of reference mate-rials were used.

Theme 5: Gleaning Significant Facts From Passages

This theme requires the most concrete level oflmhavior to-ward line-by-line narrative. Some exercises require the indi-vidual to extract certain facts while the passage is still avail-able to him for reference. Other exercises require the

vii

individual to recall certain facts when the passage is no longeravailable. Still other exercises require the individual-to-dis-cern ways in which certain facts relate to each other. While allthree types of exercises are concerned with facts, they requireincreasingly high levels of behavior.

Only if a person can successfully glean important facts fromthe types of materials in Themes 2-5 is he able to function ade-quately in everyday life. A good reader, however, goes beyondjust gleaning facts from materials. He is able to engage inhigher levels of behavior toward the materials. These higherlevel behaviors are the topics of Themes 6-8. Most of the exer-cises involve line-by-line narrative, but-some represent mate-rials like those in Themes 2-4.

Theme 6: Main Ideas and Organization

Identifying the main idea of a passage or discovering itsorganization requires a higher level of comprehension than merelygleaning the important facts. Some exercises require the indi-vidual to identify the main idea being expressed in a passageeither by suggesting an appropriate title or by identifying thepoint the author is attempting to make. Other exercises require.the individual to identify the mode in which the author organizesthe facts.

Theme 7: Drawing Inferences

Drawing inferences requires that an individual derive a con-clusion not explicitly stated in the passage but which logicallymight be expected on the basis of the organization of the passageand the information it contains. For some exercises, the indi-vidual needs only the information in the passage to derive a con-clusion; for others, however, he must also have some additionalinformation based upon his prior experience.

Theme 8: Critical Reading

Critical reading requires from an individual the highestlevel of behavior--analysis and reasoning. In addition, it re-quires a reaction to or an opinion about the passage. Criticalreading represents a deep interaction between author'and readerthat can lead to-an understanding that is greater than theme con-tribution of either.

viii

METHODS OF DESCRIBING THE DATA

In order that the reader of this and other National Assess-ment reports be able to obtain the fullest benefit and meaning ofthe data we describe, we recommend that the reader consult theGeneral Information Yearbook (Report 02-GIY). This Yearbook dis-closes the origin, purposes and goals of the Nationarniiiiiientproject and the philosophy of assessment as contrasted to stand-ardized testing. The Yearbookiiirgisients the operational pro-cedures and methods we use to obtain, score, analyze and describeour data. We believe that this information is essential for thereader to obtain a full understanding of National Assessment data.

Describing the Data

We report results for four age levels (9, 13, 17 and youngadult, 2'-35). Within each age level across the nation as awhole (national level), we give results for four regions of thecountry (Northeast, Southeast, Central and West); two sexes (maleand female); two colors (Black and White); four levels of pa-rental education (no high school, some high school, graduatedfrom high school and post high school); and seven sizes and typesof community for ages 9 and 13 and in-school age 17 (extremeinner city, extreme rural, small city, medium city, rest of bigcity, suburban fringe and extreme affluent suburb). Type of com-munity information was not available for individuals in the out-of-school assessment (young adults and some 17-year-olds). Forthis reason, we report for young adults, only the results forfour sizes of community (big city, small place, medium city andurban fringe). The size and type of community data reported for17-year-olds applies only to those enrolled in school at the timeof assessment.)

Most exercises have answers that can be scored "correct" or"incorrect." Many others, however, while having answers thatcannot be scored "correct" or "incorrect," have some best answeror most desirable answer. We use the term -- percentage of success--to describe the proportion of individuals who gave the correct,best or most desirable answer to an exercise. We express a

1See the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)for definitions of these age levels and groups.

ix

)1

percentage of success for the nation as a whole (entire agelevel) and for each of these groups on each exercise.

We then determine the difference between the percentage ofsuccess for each group and the percentage of success for the na-tion as a whole, and the number we obtain is called an effect.An effect is expressed as the percentage of success forminus the percentage of success for the nation as a whole. Forexample:

Northeast National . Northeast% of Success % of Success = Effect

A positive (greater than zero) effect means that a largerpercentage of individuals in a group gave an acceptable answer toan exercise than did so in the nation as a whole. For example,if 741 of 13-year-olds in the Northeast gave an acceptable answer,but only 68% of the 13-year-olds in the nation as a whole gave anacceptable answer, the Northeast effect for 13 -year-,-ds would be

Northeast National = Northeast'% of'Success % of Success Effect

74% 68% 6%

A negative (less than zero) effect means that a smaller per-centage of individuals in a group gave an acceptable answer to anexercise than uid so inthe nation as a whole. For example, if521 of 9-year-olds in the West gave an acceptable answer but 60%of 9-year-olds in the nat zn as a whole gave an acceptable answer,the West effect for 9-year-olds would be

WestS of Success

National West% of Success = Effect

52% 60% -81

Limitations of the Data

The National Assessment of Educational Progress was createdto provide data regarding the educational achieve:milts of variousgroups of young americans in 10 subject areas. Within the

2Art, Career and Occupational Development, Citizenship, Literature,Mathematics, Music, Reading, Science, Social Studies and Writing.

limits of error due to measurement3 and sampling error,4 the datapresented in National Assessment reports accurately describe theeducational achievements of these groups as they exist in thereal world. _These data portray the problems facing education- -improving the educational achievements of various groups of stu-dents.

Although we refer to the observed difference between an a-chievement for a group and that for the nation as a whole as agroup effect, we do not imply a cause:-effect relationship betweenmembership a group and that group's level'of achievement. Ouruse of the term effect derives solely from a statistical usage.National Assessment is not intended to provide reasons for dif-ferences if they exist. Many factors can and frequently do af-fect the educational achievements of members of various groups.Consider, for example, a hypothetical group whose achievement iswell above the national level. Most members of the group may at-tend schools that have excellent physical facilities and highquality faculties, belong to high social-economic families, havemany reading materials available in the home, be encouraged bytheir parents and so on. All these factors--and others--couldcontribute to the group's high level of achievement while member-ship in the group itself may contribute very little or nothing.We simply cannot assess some of these contributing factors di-rectly. Some of these factors are points of sensitivity to var-ious groups. The information necessary to assess certain factorsis often not obtainable (for example, younger children may notknow the information). Other factors may not yet have been iden-tified. The factors we assess "stand in" for many other factorsthat can and do influence educational achievement and, therefore,reflect different levels of achievement among groups.

The name of a group is merely a categorical label. There-fore, the characteristic(S) indicated by a group's name must not

3Measurement error stems from three basic sources: (1) the meas-uring instrument; for example, instructionsmay be misleading orquestions may be vaguely phrased or contain a tipoff to the cor-rect answer; (2) the examinee; for example, may be emotionallyupset, physically ill or handicapped or lack motivation; and(3) the measurement situation; for example, temperature andlighting conditions, noise level, pleasantness of surroundingsand the test administrator.

4When data are obtained from samples of entire populations, it isimprobable that the numbers we obtain are exactly the same as wewould have obtained from the entire population. See the GeneralInformation Yearbook, Chapter 10 and Appendix C (Report 077ffITT-for a discussion of sampling error and standard error.

xi

be construed as necessarily being the cause or even as being acause for the high or low achievement of that group compared tothe national level. Often, a disproportionately large percentageof members of a group of interest are also members of particulargroups defined by other factors, all these factors may contributeto the group's high (or loW) level of achievement.

The aim of National Assessment is to describe the educa-tional achievements of entire groups, that is, populations.While we do not obtain data from all members of any group, we ob-tain data from-carefully selected representative samples. Evendata obtained in this way, however, are subject to error. Be-cause of this error, the group effects we obserye in the sampledata will not be'exactly the same as they would be if we were toassess all members of the group. We use statistical proceduresto determine the probable extent of this sampling error.

Our major concern is with the direction of population ef-fects. When we look at each sample effect, therefore, we need toask, "Is this sample effect large .enough that we can be reason-ably certain that the direction of the population effect is thesame as that of the sample effect?" When the size of a sampleeffect is at least two times as large as its standard error, theprobability is at most 5% that an effect this large or largerwould be obtained from a sample if no, real population effect inthat direction existed. We call such effects reliable and indi-cate them on exhibits with asterisks (*) to show' that indi-cated direction is reasonably certain for.the population effect.

Reasonable certainty of direction is often not the same asa sample effects' being large enough for the corresponding-popu-lation effect to be of practical importance. This must be judgedby the user. In making such judgments about sample effects, how-ever, the user must pay attention to their reliability. If asample effect is not reliable--if we cannot be reasonably certainthat it has the same direction as the corresponding populationeffect, we cannot place much weight on its size even if we wouldjudge its size and direction, quite important knowing. this valueto be the population effect.

Summarizing the Data

In summarizing the data for a group, we talk of the group'soverall behavior and certain specific behaviors. An overall be-havior is represented numerically by the group's median effectand reflects its relative performance as a whole on a theme. Aspecific behavior is represented numerically.by a group's effecton a given exercise (or part of an exercise) and reflects itsrelative performance only on that exercise (or part). Summary

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Summary statements about a group's overall behavior are derivedfrom the groyp's specific effects on the individual exercises ina theme; however, it is often the case that such general-state-ments about overall behavior do not adequately describe some ofthe specific effects. Therefore, caution must be exercised whenapplying summary statements to individual exercises. Summarystatements-describe a group's overall behavior on a set of exer-cises, that is, the behavior we would expect from the group basedon the data at hand. In addition to describing each group'soverall behavior, we also indicate those exercises on which eachgroup behaved differently than we would expect relative to itsown overall or median level.5

In summarizing the data for a theme, we would like to make asingle statement that describes each group's overall behavior

- relative to the national level. One suitable number that des-cribes such overall behavior is the croup's median effect. Ittells where the center of the distribution of a group's effectsis located, that is, half the effects are above and half belowthe median value. However, it could be misleading to say that agroup's overall behavior is above or below the national levelsimply because its median effect is above or below the nationallevel. A group whose' median effect is close to the nationallevel (for example, 0.2) probably behaved more like than verydifferent from the national level on the given set of exercises(theme).

We stated above that we could place little weight.on unreli-able effects. However, if a large enough proportion of a group'seffects--even if none are reliable--occur either above or, belowthe national level, um have an indication that'the group'soverall behavior tends to be above or below the national level.If, in addition to having a large proportion of its effects oc-curringin one direction, a group has many reliable effects, wehave an indication that the group's overall-EgaMir differs morestrongly from the national level. We have adopted the followingrules to describe when a group's overallbehavior (1) tends to beabout the same as the national level,.(2) tends to be different(differs weakly) from the national level or (3) is characteristi-cally different (differs strongly) from the national level.

1. A group's overall behavior on a theme tends to beabout the same as the national level if fewer than

5A median is the point in an ordered set of values below which50% of the values occur. For a more complete description of theMedian, see the General Information Yearbook, Appendix E (Report02-GIY).

75% of its effects occur either above or below thenational level,. In other words, if a group'supperquartile° effect is pogitive (greater thanzero) and the lower quartile ° effect is negative(less than zero), the group's overall behaviortends to be about the same as the national

level.

2a. A group's overall behavior on a theme tends to beabove the national level if at least 75% of itseffects are positive. In other words, if a group'slower quartile effect is positive, the group'soverall behavior tends to be above the nationallevel.

2b. A group's overall behavior on a theme tends to bebelow the national level if at least 75% of itseffects are negative. In other words, if a group'supper quartile effect is negative, the group'soverall behavior tends to be below the nationallevel.

3a. A group's overall behavior on ateristically above the national75% of its effects are positive50% of its effects are reliably

3b. A group's overall behavior on ateristically below the national75% of its effects are negative50% of its effects are reliably

theme is charac-level if grrgstand if more thangreater than zero.

theme is charac-level if at leastand if more thanTgEs than zero.

Both directional tendencies and directional characteristicsprovide a means of comparing each group's overall behavior withthe national level. They dd not tell us, however, on which exer-cises a group behaves quite differently than we would expect onthe basis of its overall behavior.

6The lower quartile is the point in an ordered set of valuesbelow which 25% of the values occur. The upper quartile is thepoint in an ordered set of values below which 75% of the valuesoccur. For a more complete description of the quartiles, see theGeneral Information Yearbook, Appendix E (Report 02-GIY).

xiv

Atypical Group Behaviors

In addition to describing each group's overall behaviorrelative to the national level, we describe each group's specificbehaviors relative to its own overall leyel of behavior. As westated earlier, a suitable number that describes a group'soverall behavior is its median effect. Note on Exhibit M-1 how agroup's effects distribute around the median point. An arrow (4-)indicates the location of the median point of each distribution.For many groups, some effects stand notably apart from most ofthose in the distribution.. We can think of these outstanding ef-fecti as representing a group's atypical behaviors, that is, thegroup's specific effects that differ markedly from its overallbehavior (or median level). We have adopted the following ruleto identify those exercises on which a group exhibits atypicalbehavior.

If an effect for agiven exercise departs from the medianeffect by an amount at least two and one half times as large asthe pooled standard error7 of all the group's effects for a givenset of exercises (theme), the group's behavior on that exerciseis at ical. Again, look at the example exhibit (M-1). The zeroline represents the national level of behavior. An effect isrepresented by .a box with an X ( p ) unless it is atypical. Anatypical effect is represented by an open box (ED-

If a group's overall behavior has no directional tendency,that is, if it tends to be about the same as the national level,it suffices to say that an atypical behavior is high or low forthat group. See, for example, the distribution of effects forthe small city group (SC) on Exhibit M-1.

On the other hand, if a group's overall behavior has eithera directional tendency or a directional characteristic above thenational level, or if a group's overall behavior has eitherdirectional tendency or a directional characteristic below thenational level; it is not sufficient to say that a grEEETE atyp-ical behavior is simplrgigh or low. Consider, for example, thedistributions for two groups from Exhibit M-1. The overall be-havior for the no high school (NHS) parental education group ischaracteristically below the national level, and the overall be-havior for the post high school (PBS) group is characteristically

7Chapter 10 and Appendix C of the General Information Yearbook(Report 02-GIY) discuss the meaning and use of the standard.error. Appendix C gives the formula for the pooled standarderror we use.

xv

=ND

GED

Exhibit M-1

Example Distributions of Effects

ParentalEducation

Size and Type ofCommunity

NHS 5H5 6H5 PHS EtC 'CR SC

Median -13.7Effect

1.3

-6.3 7.0

-9.2

-7.3

xvi

0.6

0.6

ROC SF ERS

-0.9 4.9

2.2

KEYS:

Region

SE SoutheastW WestC CentralNE , Northeast

Sex

M MaleF Female

Color

B BlackW White

Parental Education

NHS No High CchoolSHS Some High'SchoolGHS Graduated from High SchoolPHS Post High School

Size and Type of Community (STOC)

EIC Extreme Inner CityER Extreme RuralSC eqmall, CityMC APedium CityRBC Rest of Big CitySF Suburban FringeEAS. Extreme Affluent Suburb

Size of Community (SOC)

BC Big CitySP Smaller PlacesMC Medium CityOF Urban Fringe

xvii

above the national level. The atypically low behaviors of theNHS group are even farther from the national level than its ownmedian level* while the atypically low behaviors of the PHS groupwould be closer to the national level than its own median level.Conversely, the atypically high behaviors of the PHS group areeven further from the national level than its own median levelwhile the atypically high behaviors of the NHS group are closerto the national level than its own median level.

It seems logical that we consider together (1) those atyp-ical behaviors that are farther from the national level than agroup's own median level and (2) those atypical behaviors thatare closer to8 the national level than a group's own median level.

In summary, in the age level chapters (3, 4, 5 and 6), wegive particular attention to those exercises on which each grouphad atypical behaviors. If a group's overall behavior has nodirectional tendency, we describe the group's overall behaviorsas being either high or low. If a group's overall behavior hasa directional tendency or a directional characteristic, we des-cribe the group's atypical behaviors as farther from or closer tothe national level than the group's own median level.

8An atypical effect (or behavior) described as closer to the na-tional level most often is less extreme in the same direction asa group's tendency or characteristic. It sometimes happens, how-eVer, that a "closer to" atypical behavior occurs in the oppositedirection from the national level as the group's median level.We use the single term, closer to, to describe all atypical be-haviors that depart.froktg7F5t7grs median level in the directionof the national level.

CHAPTER 1

THEME 4: REFERENCE MATERIALS

Reference materials are unique in that they are organized tofacilitate retrieval of specific types of information. By thesame token, an individual is usually seeking a specific kind ofinformation when he "re:lads" or uses reference materials. Theprocess of gleaning information from reference materials isregarded as a study skill. In this light, the process of glean-ing information from written directions (Theme 3) and from charts,maps and graphs (Subtheme 2C) can be regarded as a study skill;and these materials can be regarded as types of reference materials.

Besides understanding words and word relationships, in orderfor an individual to utilize reference materials effectively, hemust first know what reference source to use. Once he has locatedthe proper source, he must know how to locate the specific infor-mation he is seeking. The exercises in Theme 4 are divided intotwo subthemes on this basis.

A. Know appropriate reference sources.B. Use reference materials effectively.

Subtheme A requires that the reader know the kinds of infor-mation contained in various reference sources. An exercise inthis subtheme typically asks, "In which of the following would,you look to find ?"

Exercises in Subtheme B generally consist of a-facsimile ofa reference source from which an individual is required to extractcertain bits of information.

In everyday life, individuals frequently need.to obtaincertain specific kinds of information. Therefore, a good workingknowledge of reference sources and a proficiency in gleaning thisinformation from them is one of several necessary reading skills,but it is not sufficient for adequate functioning in everydaylife, since people must cope with still other types of readingmaterials.

CHAPTER 2

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

In summarizing the data for Theme 4: Reference Materials, we

compare the overall performance of the various groups to thenational level on the set of exercises representing Theme 4. An

overall performance represents the behavior we would expect, on

the basis of the data at hand, from a given group on reference

mateiials.

Exhibit 2-1 shows the median group effects at each age level.

Exhibit 2-2 shows the directional tendencies and the directionalcharacteristics) of the overall group behaviors represented by

the median effects.

1. A zero (0) indicates that a group's overall behaviortealto be about the same as the national level.

2a. A plus sign (+) indicates that a group's overallbeEiVior"tends to be above the national level.

2b. A minus 'sign (-) indicates that a group's overall---beEPTUr tends to be below the national le ,e1.

3a. A double plus sign (++) indicates that a group'soverall behavior is characteristicallyatm thenational level.

3b. A double minus sign (--) indicates that a group'soverall behavior is characteristicall below_ the

national level.

'These terms are defined in Methods of Describing the Data, in the

section Summarizing the Data.

EXHIBIT 2-1

Median Group Effects at Each Age Level

Age Level 9 13 17 AdultNo. of Effects (17) (26) (22) (7)

RegionSoutheast -4.9 -4.8 -7.4 -8.1West -3.0 0.4 0.2 1.5Central 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.0Northeast 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.5

SexMale -2.2 -2.9 -1.4 -0.6Female 2.2 3.0 1.4 0.6

ColorBlack -14.9 -16.3 -21.6 -18.5White 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.3

Parental EducationNo High School -9.9 -13.4 -14.2 -5.4Some High School -2.8 -5.0 -6.5 -1.7Graduated High School 1.7 0.8 0.6 2.8Post High School 7.2 7.2 6.3 7.6

Size and Type of Community*Extreme Inner City -14.9 -7.1 -7.8Extreme Rural -8.2 -4.7 -3.4Small City -1.6 -1.2 -2.4Medium City 0.2 1.0 0.4Rest of Big City 0.6 . -1.5 -2.5Suburban Fringe 5.3 2.8 2.5Extreme Affluent Suburb 9.1 5.7 7.6

Size of CommunityBig City -2.8small Place -0.2Medium City -0.1Urban Fringe 2.2

*Type of community information was not available for out-of-schoolindividuals (young adults and some 17-year-olds). Size and typeof community median effects at age 17 apply only to those inschool.

4

EXHIBIT 2-2

Directional Tendencies and Directional Characteristics

Age Level 9 13 17 Adult

RegionSoutheast I1M1 .1M1

West 0 0 0 +Central + + ++ +Northeast + + + +

SexMale-- -- -- 0Female ++ ++ ++ 0

ColorBlack -- -- -- --White ++ ++ ++ ++

Parental EducationNo High School -- -- -- --Some High School - -- -Graduated High School + 0 + +Post High School ++ ++ ++ ++

Size and Type of Community*Extreme Inner City -- ODOM --Extreme Rural - - -Small City 0 0 -Medium City 0 0 0Rest of Big City + - +Suburban Fringe + 0 +Extreme Affluent Suburb ++ ++ ++

Size of CommunityBig City -Small Place 0Medium City 0Urban Fringe

*Type of community information was not available for out-of-schoolindividuals (young adults and some 17-year-olds). Size and typeof community median effects at age 17 apply only to those inschool.

5

S

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS FOR AGE 9

The 9-year-olds participating in the 1970-71 Reading assess-ment were born during the calendar year 1961. About three fourthsof them were enrolled in the fourth grade at the time of theassessment, and most of the remainder were enrolled in the thirdgrade.

First, we describe each group's overall behavior on theTheme 4 exercises, then we indicate those exercises on which thegroup's performance differs atypically from the group's medianlevel. Finally, we present each released exercise and an exhibitshowing the results for each group on that exercise,

Seventeen specific effects (behaviors) on reference materialsare summarized at age 9. Ten of these represent released exer-cises and are described in detail. The other seven behaviorsrepresent unreleased exercises to be used in future assessments.Exhibit 3-1 Vows the distribution of the 17 effects representingTheme 4 for each group relative to the national level indicatedby the 0 line. Each group's median level is indicated by anarrow (-. Each specific behavior is represented by a boxwithan X (O3) unless it differs atypically from the group's medianlevel; then it is represented by an open box (0 ).

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tendingto be above (+) or tending to be below (-), or as characteristi-cally above (++) or characteristically below (--) the nationallevel, a specific behavior for that group can be: (1) atypicallyfarther from the national level than is the group's median levelor (2) atypically closer to1 the national level.

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tendingto be about the same as the national level (0), a specific behavior

1An atypical effect (or behavior) described as being closer tothe national level may be (1) less extreme in the sameMatronas the group's tendency or characteristic, or (2) it may occurin the opposite direction from the national level as, the group'smedian level.

EXHIBIT 3 -].A CDistribution of. Effects fot,79-4-.9

Region Sex Color

11:16MCW C NE M F s 14

Median -4.9 -2.2 -14.9Effect

-3.0 2.3 2.2 2.7

8

EXHIBIT 3-1B

Distribution of Effects for Age 9

ParentalEducation


NHS MOWN N CIC ER SC MC timer CPS

Median 1.7 -14.9 -1.6

Effect0.6 9.1

-2.8 7.2 -8.2 0.2 5.3

9

for that group can be atypically high or low relative to the group'smedian level.

Region

With a median effect of -4.9, Southeast 9-year-olds had anoverall behavior characteristically below the national level.They had no atypical behaviors.

Western 9-year-olds had a median effect of -3.0 and an over-all behavior that tended to be below the national level. Theyhad no atypical behaviors.

Central and Northeastern 9-year-olds had median effects of3.1 and 2.3, respectively. The overall behavior of both groupstended to be above the national level. The Central group had noatypical behaviors, but the Northeastern group performed atypi-cally farther from the national level on Exercise R408 tintrequired knowing that an encyclopbdia is the best source to findout about windmills.

Sex

While boys had .1 median effect of -2.2 and an overall behaviorcharacteristically below the national level, girls had a medianeffect of 2.2 and an overall behavior characteristically abovethe national level. However, both boys and girls performed atypi-cally closer to the national level on Exercise R41302 thatrequired detecting from a TV Guide that they could not watch anentire_zoo program if they-741FM' the entire movie because theyoverlapped in timing.

Color

While Black 9-yea--olds had a median effect of -14.9 and anoverall behavior characteristically below the national level,White 9-year-olds had a median effect of 2.7 and an overallbehavior characteristically above the national level.. Both groups,however, performed atypically farther from the national level onan unreleased exercise (U410) that required them to recognizewhich Of several reference sources they should use to find outabout,thP Declaration of Independence. Blacks also performedatypically farther from the national level on a released exercise(R408) that required recognizing the encyclopedia as the bestsourceto'find out about windmills.

10

Parental Education2

The no high school group had a median effect of -9.9 and anoverall behavior characteristically below the national level.Their behavior was atypically farther from the national level onExercise R41303 that required determining from a TV Guide thatthe reason no new program was listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m.was that the baseball game ran until 4:00 p.m.

With a median effect of -2.8, the some high school group hadan overall behavior that tended to be below the national level.They,performed atypically farther from,the national level onExercise U410 that required them to recognize in which of severalsources they could find out about the Declaration of Independence.

With a median effect of 1.7, the graduated from high schoolgroup had an overall behavior tending to be above the nationallevel. They had no atypical behaviors.

The post high school group had a median effect of 7. and anoverall behavior characteristically above the national level.Their behavior was atypically farther from the national level onExercise R408 that required recognizing the encyclopedia as thebest source to find out about windmills and on Exercise U410.thatrequired recognizing in which of several sources to find out aboutthe Declaration of Independence. However, they performed atypi-cally closer to the national level on another unreleased exercise(U404) that required-recognizing which of several depicted sourceswould give the meaning of words.

Size and Type of Community3

With a median effect of -14.9, the extreme inner city grouphad an overall behavior characteristically below the nationallevel. They had no atypical behaviors.

The extreme rural group had a median effect of -8.2 and anoverall behavior tending to be below the national level. However,they performed atypically closer to the national level on Exer-cise R411 that required recognizing that in a telephone directory,Jones would be listed between Johnson and Judson.

2See' the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)for definitions of the parental education groups.

3See the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)for definitions of the size and type of-community groups.

11

The small city, medium city and rest of big city groups hadmedian effects of -1.6, 0.2 and 0.6, respectively. All threegroups had overall behaviors that tended to be about the same asthe national level. None of the groups had any atypical behaviors.

The suburban fringe group had a median effect of 5.3 and anoverall behavior that tended to be above the national level.Their behavior was atypically farther from the national level onExercise R411 (Jones in telephone directory).

With a median effect of 9.1, the extreme affluent suburbgroup had an overall behavior characteristically above the nationallevel. They had no atypical behaviors.

* * *

The data for each released exercise representing referencematerials are presented-IR-rag-following manner. The upper partof the left page shows the exercise number and age level. Thenthe exercise is shown as it appeared to the respondent exceptthat the correct answer is indicated. The percentage of 9-year-olds choosing each answer is also shown.

The exhibit on the lower part of the page shows the nationalpercentage of success and the percentage of success for eachgroup both tabularly (leftmost column of figures) and graphically(horizontal bars). The second column of figures on the left sideof the exhibit shows the effects for all groups with asterisks(*) indicating those that are reliably different from the nationalpercentage of success. The effects can also be seen graphically.Note the vertical dashed line descending from the end of thenational percentage bar. This allows a visual comparison of eachgroup percentage of success with the national percentage ofsuccess.

The right page again gives the exercise number and age level.It also gives the objective and major subobjective for which theexercise was written and a brief description of the exercise withunusual or interesting responses pointed out when appropriate.

12

RELEASED EXERCISES

13

Exercise 406 -- Age 9

Nat'l %Choosing'Each Answer

What is the BEST way to find out if there is some-thing about Eskimos in a book?

48.4% all Look in the index.

10.01 CD Look in the glossary.

20.31 O Look at the title page.

9.01 CD Look through all the pages.

9.31 CD Skim through the introduction.

2.94

0.24

CD 'I don't know.

No response

'06 12 3/1

9 OF

1.t406013 80330090

GPOUP

9 13

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSSncalS EiLt4gI VARTABIL GPOOP

O. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

49.4 NATIONAL f

1

I

.fiGtO. I

39.0 -10.3. Southeast I

49.4 1.0 Vest f51.1 2.9 Central t.52.9 4.5 Northeast t..

1

1

ME I

116.6 -1.7 HaleI

50.1 1.7 Female t'1

I

ON R30.4 -17.9' Black I

51.8 3.4. vhite

mpfs /11_3DETATI21

tee

42.1 -6.3 No High School41.4 -615 Some High School46.3 -2.1 Graduatal Nigh Scb.58.0 9.6. Post Nigh School

IIMA32=1:1214f-2012NIII

25.0 -23.4' Extreme Inner City47.8 -10.6. Extreme Burl'51.7 3.3 Small City tee46.9 -1.6 Medium City46.9 -1.5 West Of Big City54.9 6.5 Suburban Fringe57.5 9.1 Extreme Aff Suburb

14


Overlaps: Age 13

Objective III: Use what is read.Subobjective C: Obtain information efficiently.

While this exercise asks for the best way to find out ifthere is something about Eskimos (not necessarily as the main ,

topic) in a book,,the question could be generalized to any topic.Only 48% of 9-year-olds correctly responded "Look in the index."The answer, "Look at the title page," attracted twice as manyresponses as the other incorrect answers. A book containing"something about Eskimos" mightighlt have the word "Eskimo" or someother indicator in the tit e, but not necessarily.

15


Read the question and fill in the oval beside the correct answer.

Nat'l % If you had to tell your class about windmills, whichChoosing of these would ba the BEST book to use?Each Answer

5.8% CZ> An atlas

'26.2% CZ> A dictionary

57.4% An encyclopedia

3.81 CD The Yellow Pages in the telephone book

6.2% CD I don't know.

0.5% No response

907 03 3/1 03 1(408013 R0010090 9 13

% OFEgcclls

57.4

GROUPRUM vallIpts___ Awn.

NATIONAL

LEPTON

NATION/O. AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

PFECENTAGE OF SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

F

I

I

I

47.6 -9.8+ southeast .150.4 -7.0. West

I

61.1 4.7 Central I66.5 9.1. Northeast F

I

I

III 1

. 56.7 -0.8 MaleI

,54.2 0.8 Female Fs1

I

COL2RI

36.5 -21.0. BlackI

A1.7 4.2 %Mite 1.

IIRENTALEDOCAZION44.1 -13.3. No High School51.7 -4.7 Some High School51.6 -2.8 Graduatel High Sch.71.3 13.9. Post High School

2IMAIP:Z/E24of...g0muNII

39.9 -17.5. Extreme Inner City49.0 -8.5 Extreme aural51.9 -5.6. Small City55.4 -2.1 9e4ium city60.3 2.9 Rest Of Big City f55.0 7.6. % Suburban Fringe75.5 18.0 Extreme Aff seborb

16


Overlaps: Age 13


On this exercise, 9-year-olds had to select the best refer-ence source where they might find information about windmills.Fifty-seven percent of them correctly said an encyclopedia, butnearly half that many (26%) said a dictionary. A dictionarywould give information about windmills in the sense of defini-tions but not as thorough as that idan encyclopedia. Perhapssome 9-year-olds*do not know what an encyclopedia is.

17


head the question and fill in the oval beside the correct answer.

Nat'l % If you.liks books which are NOT about peopls,'whichChoosing one of the following would you read,Each Answer

4.8% (L.) The Jags Nan

4.1% (L.) Johnny ?remain*

73.3% 41110 All about Elephants

11.7% C: Who's in Charge of Lincoln?

5.7%

0.5%

C: I don't know.

No response

608 03 3/1 03eX409011 410000E0 9 13

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES Of SUCCESS

OP ;MP PERCENTAGE OT SUCCESSW^ MIST MIMI-E;31, -POOP

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100

73.3 OaTIoult fI

I

Unal 1

61.2 -5.10 Southeast1

73.5 0.2 Vest f72.1 -0.8 Central

177.5 0.2 eorthesst fees

1

1

AU 171.1 -2.2 Nele

I

75.4 'J.24. Female Ps1

1

OLP I

58.6 -16.6' suckI

75.8 2.5 htce fee

1

1

LIIIIIILJ2211Igl 1

63.5 -6.7. No Nigh School1

73.7 0.4 Some Nigh school f71.a 0.2 Grtduated Nigh Sch. 979.9 6.74. post Nigh School

f

IIII-AND-Wa2I-ORITIIII

55.1 -18.20 Extreme Inner City60.4 -12.8' Extreme Rural72.1 -1.2 Smell City75.8 2.5 ledium City IWO90.5 7.2' fi, Rest Of Sig City78.6 5.3 Suburban fringe 1100077.5 4.2 Extreme 6ff Suburb 41440

18


Overlaps: Age 13

Objective IV: Reason logically from what is read.Subobjective A: Draw appropriate inferences from the material

that is read and "read between the lines" wherenecessary.

Seventy-thiee percent of 9-year-olds were able.to say thatif they wanted to read a book NOT about people, they would readAll about Elephants!

. c,

19

Exercise 411 -- Age I

You want to call Mr. Jones on the telephone. You look in the

telephone book for his number. You would find it between which

names?

Nat'l 1ChoosingEach Answer

2.11

3.01

20.01

62.51

3.01

1.41

1.21

O Jackson and'Jacobs

CD Jacobs and James

CD James and Johnson

411. Johnson and Judson

O Judson and Justus

(:) I don't know.

No response

.09 0% 3/1 0401411013 00030000 9 13

n.

22C;122

62.6

cRouWIC/

M&TIOM&I

/12IIIIL-----2Mit

MA/100AL

&MO 01001 l&CtillOIS Of SOCCISS

PIOCIIII0I Of SOCCLSS

10 20 30 0 SO 60 70 90 90

111/055.4 -6.010 Sostkeast51.5 2.6 Mast66.6 1.1 Central Isms

4.0 MertIptast 1...

23159.2 .80. Male66.4 4.1. female es

OM?.60.0 black64.2 2.7 elite 1.

2111MTALMughISI112142.3 -20.2" No SchoolFL.67.7 5.2.

some gig& ScheelCreduateS Nigh Sch. I....

73.1 10.6 most %iqh School I

allt:112:!/0I

1

2/_c23111111 I-71.0' Srtreme inner Cityi66.5 4.0 Entomb Mersa, s

57.4 5M11 CityI

62.8 0.4 Mediu% City I51.9 -0.6 Rost or Sig City I15.9 13.4 841.4tbso him,. IVo.n 10.5 Extreme off Sober,'V

20

100


Overlaps: Age 13


Here is an exercise on looking up a name in the telephonedirectory. This particular task requires being able tc alpha-betize to at least the third letter in the names. Since thethird.and fourth answers .re directed at the name Johnson, 9-year-olds had to recognize that Jon...as in Jones comes after Joh...asin Johnson, not ahead of it. Sixty-three percent succeeded, but20% said Jones would be between James and Johnson. Apparently,they did not carry their alphabetization far enough.

21

ensocies 412 -- Age

(Give dictionary to stedeat.

As& the first twegsestions sad record the pain points of his

respelled's.)

41201

?trot ask* "what is a dicticaory7*

77.3%

0(Oictiotioryo "A hook that tells you what weeds mean.*'A book that tells you hoe to use words.')

41202 40

Theo ask* 'Mat does the weed 'define' 1144A6' *

17.4%

(Defies* "To give the mania, of words.' er'TO tell what the word Dem.')

(If the student deflaeo-both words correctly. read A-It to him andcame his amuses, eves if he cam% de some or all of the tasks.If he csaoot defies use oc both of the words. 161,* his the Genoa -tioo(s), *slag the dietioaarl sad Movie, him a word gad its&Wattle% it **meaty. thee (natives with A.

If he sewers A. either correctly 2E inserrectly, *settees with0-2. 2f he comet savor A. give ala the deftaltioa(e) easenoes sad repeat A. It he this mowers A. either recrectly 2ElotevveG672, ceotinee with 2-2. If he steps weckiag, eaeoefigshis to ceatinue. If he still moot ganger A. disepatiage.sapleiu the situation in A, and 90 to the sent worries.)

s10 022 1/7 01412000 01030910 9 13 17 4

A OP

2=12

33.7

GlOsPMU 11111114-12122Z

111720041

11112216.2 -0.5 securest32.4 -6.3* wet61. s.2 Central)1,7 1.0 vertImeet

All10.0 -3.2* Mile62,2 3.0 *eagle

5414121.9 -16.9* Slacksis 3.1. Slate

41203

Opes the book to page IS aad tell me any three61.3% words defiaed own that pore.*

1. /2//..1. 4/4AksM...,

41204

2.

3. jfilAimaagritramprilLidyit-.

Tell as the last word defined in the "P. section.

S3.0% ./41203

Tall as the member of the last page in thedletleaary.

62.6% 4.52141206

71.20

41207

Tell es the amber of the page on which you CANClad out what the weed 'bake mesas.

Tall as the word which is Wised just before theword "Woe' sad the word which is defined justafter the word "house.'

Jest before65.4%

Just after

41200

30.7% All five parts correct (41203-07)

Other Acceptable Werde

ell around. allspice. allude. allure. allusion. ally.stuslasa, alas aster, slaaaoc. almighty, 'lame, almost.alas. alma hoes*. aloe. aloft. aloha. aloes, aloageide.aloof, aloud, alp, alpaca, alpha, alphabet

04660041 the 010010 PteCtenetS Op SIMMSAO-

0 10 20 yo

elb

PIOCIVIASt op Wens

40 so go

woe,

to

pyu

70-

71.0 -7.31111521-12;onr

se etqa Su omi,27.i -11.20 Some Ugh school40.0 2.1 Graduate! Nigh sch. Immures67.9 6.1 Post Sigh Sckeel

,I11-400-tivgCO2111111

23.5 -10.3* :stripe* Inner cityJ4.2 -4.0 !straw legal33.5 -3.2 Swell Ctty36.0 -2.7 Ilse City51.5 2.0 lost Of Sig city40.0 7.0 ',abstain fringe02.5 13.9 Sitcom Off seusc

22

90 100


Overlaps: Ages 13, 17 and Adult


For this exercise, 9-year-olds were given an actual Action-ary and then were asked to find a number of things in it. Onpart 41203, 91% could give at least three words listed on page15. On part 41204, however, only 53% could give the last word(python) defined in the "P" section. On part 41205, 93% couldgive the number of the last page in the book. On part 41206,71% could give the number of the page where they could find outwhat the word "bake" means. On part 41207, 65% could give thewords_defined just before and just after "house." Thirty-ninepercent were correct on all five parts (41208). The exhibit onthe opposite page pertains to the percentages of 9-year-olds inthe various groups who were correct on all five parts.

23


(Give the student a copy of the TV schedule and v to him,'Here is part of a TV guide you might find in a .paper. Afteryou have read it, I will ask you some questions ,..,out it. You

look at the schedule as many times as is necessary to answerthe questions.*)

2:00 p.m. n Super Mutt - Cartoons

m -Pie AP / de /.e )4 d .r'i

c ye *WS

-popular music of 1661'1 groups.

(Read the questions to the student and record his answers.)

41301

Which program is being run for at least a second time?

37.31 gle.70214...):0 75/1

*Adapted from TV Guide ® Magazine, with permission.

R11 02

S IF

3/1 01mX411010 R1030010

GROUP

9 13 17 k

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE 0? SUCCFSS27:C9S2 tiTc/ VARI18LE GPM

0 10 20 30 40. 50 60 70 80 90 100

37.3 NATIONAL f

f

1

ElnrOu 1

36.3 -0.9 Southeast 1

34.1 -3.1 Vest 1

41.1 2.7 Central fee

31.5 0.2 Northeast fII

US I31.6 -3.7. Hale 1

41.2 3.9 Female f4I

1

COLOR I

25.6 -10.6. Black 1

31.0 1.8* vhite f

nal/ALA/OCATIol

L

2R.2 -9.1. No High School36.5 -0.7 Some Rich School15,1 -1.9 Graduated High Sch.44.5 7.2* Post High School

sill:AID-ME211 Cilidnir

25.6 -11.6. Extreme Inner City34.1 -3.1 Extreme Rural35.6 -1.6 Small City41.3 3.0 Medium City36.3 -1.0 Rest Of Big Cityao.o 2.7 Suburban Fringe14.3 7.1 Extreme Aff Suburb

24

41302

Nat'l t If you watched the entire movie, could youChoosing also see the entire program about the SanEach Answer Diego Zoo?

41.5% C: Yes

48.0% 4110 No

9.5% (7.) I don't know.

1.0% No response

611 02

% OP

4/1 02X413020 R1030029

GROUP

9 13 17 A


PERCENTAGE of SUCCESSagggEs2 grim VARIABLE GROUP

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

09.0 RATIONAL

1

REGION 1


47.1 -0.8 West51.2 3.1 Central T50.4 2.3 Northeast TOO

1

1

49.1 1.151x

Male1

is46.9 -t.2 Female

1

cow1

34.4 -11.6. Black 1

49.9 1.8 White 'WO

40.0 -8.0.PAREST/LIDICA/10/1

No High School 1

48.1 0.3 Some High School49.4 t.3 Graduated High Sch. is.51.4 3.4 Post High School

EMAIRMV2E-cOsu9ITI

42.1 -6.0 Extreme Inner City36.7 -11.3. Extreme Rural45.0 -2.8 Small City45.4 -2.7 Medium city57.6 9.6 Rest Of Big City51.7 3.6 Suburban fringe 1,01110

59.6 10.5 Extreme Aff Suburb

25

100

41303

Why is there no new program listed on Channel 4beginning at 3:00 p.m.?

14.01 l /-,e-;

- 511 02 6/1 91I411030 r1030020 9 13 17 A

NATIOVAL AND GIOUP.PMENTAGES OP SUCCESS.

C nr GROUP ?MINTAGE OE SUCCESS210/s; MITT V112/111111_ 0402.2

o io 20 30 40.

50 60 70 90 100

44.0 NATIOuAt 9

1

wrucm1

I

35.0 -B.O. Southeast 1

39.5 -4.6 Nest1

47.7 5.7 Central 9117.6 3.6 sortheast f..

1

1

UN 1

43.1 -0.1 11114 91111.2 0.2 Female 9

1

1

021.2a I

21.0 -15.1. Black 1

117.0 1.0 White I....

1

1fern it IMMO1

22.3 -21.7 No Sigh school1

45.3 1.2 Some Nigh School 9.42.0 -2.1 Graduated Nigh S.h. 1

51.9 7.11.* Post Nigh School 9

1

Nze-A99 -TYPE 1

1or c04n0lux311.1 -10.C Extreme Inner City .

1

32.9 -11.1. Ertptme Rural 1

11.9 -0.1 -"Small City 942.4 -1.6 Medium City sees

144.7 0.6 Rest Of Big City VP54.7 10.6 Suburban rings 947.4 3.4 !strews Aft sobarb to..

26

41304

At what time are the cartoons shown?

73.01 4.7:00 /0. .

Mli 12 8/1 01X013000 21130030 9 13 17 A

S-OP54T021

Gt091,

Una

NATIOIAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSPRTBI_ G2222

70 80 90 10010 20 30 40 '50 60

73.0 NATIO4AL1

122.12! 1

68.5 -4.6. Southeast 1

70.075.7

-3.12.7

VestCentral

1175.1 3.0 northeast

1

.2.9 -0.1 Sale73.2 0.1 Female

012R I

54.5 -18.40 Black76.3 3.3. White

flalf1ALIDUCATIOn

fel.

52.7 -10.3. No High School66.7 -6.3 Some High School75.7 3.6 Gra4uate4 Nigh Sch.74.9 6.8 Poet Nigh School

or coirofin59.4 -13.7. Extreme Inner City60.7 -12.4. 'Extreme Rural71.2 -1.8 Small City74.7 1.6 Medium City .077.4 4.3 Pest Of Rig City 100079.2 6.2. Suburban Fringe31.8 8.8 txtreme Aff Suburb

27

41305

Nat'l %ChoosingEach Answer

12.2%

1.5%

How long is the program on Channel 6 at3:00 p.m.?

CD 30 minutes

4116 60 minutes

C: 90 minutes

CD 120 minutes

-CD -I-don't know.

No response

yil 02 10/1

X OP

02x613050 81030310

GROUP

9 13 17 A


_ PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESSs2rgr53 ?MC? VAIIAMI_ ___GPOUP

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-0.

80 90

63.0 NATIONAL f

I

I

11212! I

57.7 -1.1 Southeast I

53.7 -5.2. vest 1

51.9 3.0 'Central I...69.5 1.6 Northeast le

.I

I

21153.1 0.1 Male f53.7 -0.1 emale l

I

I

COLDI

9).7 -18.2* Black I

67.2 3.4. White 11.I

I

EAMILLMIKAINI I

69.1 -9.9 No High SchoolI

56.1 -2.8 Some High SchoolI

61.0 2.1 Graduated High Sch. I...

66.1 5.2. Post High School IsmI

IIIE:112:7111of connmeni

I

I

46.2 -12.7k Extreme Inner City t----.I

51.7 -8.2 Extreme Rural60.9 2.0 Small City es.61.4 3.1 Nedium City t63.5 -5.3 Rest ot Dig City I

59.2 -0.7 Suburban Fringe 171.1 12.1. Extreme Aff Suburb e

28

100

41306 Summary of the five parts

0.6% No response

7.2% 0 parts correct

16.3% 1 part correct




10.8% 5 parts correct.

The exhibit below gives the percentages of the variousgroups responding correctly on all five parts.

"11 023

1F

1/2 15.4413760 40000000 9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AID GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSs7C'Ess EvvECT 442TABLE GLOM,

0 10 20 30 00 50 60 70 80 90

10.1 NATIONAL

rtEgii02

8.3 -2.5 SoutheastR.) -2.8. Pest12.1 2.0 central12.7 1.0 Northeast

SIX10.1 -0.8 Sale11.4 0.8 Female *** ****** I

COLOR2.1 -7.8. Black moo12.7 1.4. Ihite

amyl/Ai vpncArrov

Is

1.1 -8.9* to High School3.0 -2.8 Some High School12.0 1.2 Graduated Sigh Sch.13.9 3.0 Post Sigh school 1

1.107.1411ME!Ors/21404/r

5.5 -5.2. Extreme Inner City5.3 -5.5. Extreme Rural10.4 -0.0 Small City12.7 2.0 Stadium City10.3 -0.4 Rest Of Big City11.1 0.6 Suburban Fringe I15.5 5.8. Istreme 101 Suburb 1110

29

100



Objective III: Use what is read.-tubobjectiye C: Obtain information efficiently.

This exercise asks for a variety of information one might findin a TV Guide. On part 41301, 37% of 9-year-olds were able torecoga74-Fria the word !Repeat 'meant that "Children's Variety"was being run for at least a second time. On part 41302, 48%could tell that if they watched the entire movie, they could notalso see the entire program about the Sah Diego Zoo. On part41303, 44 % .could tell that no new program was listed on Channel 4at 3:00 p.m. because a baseball game on that channel lasted until4:00 p.m. On part 41304,-73% could give the time (2:00 p.m.)that the cartoons are shown. On part 41305, 59% could tell thatthe 3:00 p.m. program on Channel 6 lasted 60 minutes. Elevenpercent of 9-year-olds responded correctly on all five parts.

30

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS FOR AGE 13

The 13-year-olds participating in the 1970-71 Reading assess-mentwere born during the calendar year 1957. About three fourthsof them were enrolled in the eighth grade at the time of theassessment, and most of the remainder were enrolled in the seventhgrade.

First, we describe each group's overall behavior on theTheme 4 exercises, then we indicate those exercises on which thegroup's performance differs atypically from the group's medianlevel. Finally, we present each releaSed exercise and an exhibitshowing the results for each group on that exercise.

Twenty-six specific effects (behaviors) on reference materialsare summarized at age 13. Fourteen of these represent releasedexercises and are described in detail. The other 12 behaviorsrepresent unreleased exercises to be used in future assessments.Exhibit 4-1 shows the distribution of the 26 effects representingTheme 4 for each group relative to the national level indicatedby the 0 line. A group's median level is indicated by an arrow(+). Each specific behavior is indicated by a box with an X(0) unless it differs atypically from the group's median level;then it is represented by an open box ( ).

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tendingto be above (+) or tending to be below (-), or as characteristi-cally above (++) or characteristically below (--) the nationallevel, a specific behavior for that group can be: (1) atypicallyfarther' from the national level than is the group's median levelor (2) atypically closer tol the national level.

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tendingto be about the same as the national level (0), a specific behavior

'An atypicalthe nationalas a group'sthe oppositemedian level.

effect (or behavior) described as being closer tolevel may be (1) less extreme in the sametendency or characteristic, or (2) it may occur indirection from the national level as the group's

31

EXHIBIT 4-1A


Region Sex Color JAN

el,

a.

M.Mb

=1

MD

-CM. SE 14 C NE N F 5

Median -4.7 2.6 -2.9 -16.3Effect

0.4 2.0 3.0 2.8

EXHIBIT 4-1B


ParentalEducation


NHS MS MR PHs CC CR sC MC NEC sr ow

Median-I3.4 0.8

Effect-5.0 7.2

-7.1

-4.7

33

-1.2

1.0

-1.5

2.8

5.7

for that group can be atypically high or low relative to thegroup's median level.

Region

Southeastern 13-yeir-olds had a median effect of -4.8 and anoverall behavior characteristically below the national level.However, their behavior was atypically farther from the nationallevel on four parts of the released exercise (R413) regarding theTV Guide and on parts of two unreleased exercises (U41803 andU41502) regarding a library card: R41302 required recognizingthat they could not watch the entire zoo program if they watchedthe entire movie because of a time overlap; R41303 required rec,ognizing that a new program was not listed on Channtl:;. 4 at 3:00p.m. because a baseball game ran until 4:00 p.m.; R4i304 requiredidentifying the time cartoons are shown; R41305 required identify-ing the length of the program on Channel 6 at 3:30 p.m.; U41803required recognizing that the book was originally in a foreignlanguage; and U41902 required determining whether the book wasillustrated.

With a median effect of 0.4,. Western 13-year-olds had anoverall behavior that tended to be about the same as the nationallevel. However, they performed atypically low on Exercise U41401that required recognizing how to obtain long distance informationfrom a telephone directory.

Central and Northeastern 13-year-olds had median effects of2.6 and 2.1, respectively. The overall behavior of both groupstended to be above the national level. The Central group had noatypical behaviors, but the Northeastern group performed atypicallyhigh on the part of the TV Guide exercise (R41302) regarding theoverlapping times of a zoo program and movie, and on ExerciseR42003 that required recognizing which of several articles wouldmost likely appear in a weekly news magazine.

Sex

While boys had a median effect of -2.9 and an overall behaviorcharacteristically below the national level, girls had a medianeffect of 3.0 and an overall behavior characteristically abovethe national level. Both boys and girls, 1-.)wever, had behaviorsatypically farther from the national level on Exercise 041606regarding the use of a newspaper directory. Both groups per-formed atypically closer to the national level on Exercise 041801that required identifying the topic of a book from a library card,and on Exercise R42001 that required recognizing that moviereviews would be in the cinema section of a weekly news magazine.

34

Color.

While Black 13-year-olds had a median effect of -16.3 andan overall behavior characteristically below the national level,White 13-year-olds had a median effect of 2.8 and an overallbehavior characteristically above the national level. Both groupsperformed atypically closer to the national level on ExerciseU41901 that required giving the call number from a library card.Blacks also performed atypically closer to the national level onfour other exercises: R408 required recognizing that an encyclo-pedia is the best source to find out about windmills; R409required recognizing which of several books would not be aboutpeople; R415 required that a passage on the definiTiEn of theword "beat" most likely came from a collection of essays; andR4.2002 asked for the page on which science news could be found inweeklyeekly news magazine.

Both groups had behaviors atypically farther from the nationallevel on three exercises: R41303 required recognizing that nonew program was listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because a base-ball game ran until 4:00 p.m.; R41304 asked what time the cartoonsare shown; and U41803 required Identifying from a library cardthat a book had originally been in a foreign language. Blacksalso performed atypically farther from the national level onExercise U41606 regarding the use of a newspaper directory andon Exercise U41902 that required determining from a library cardwhether a book is illustrated. Whites also performed atypicallyfarther from the national level on Exercise R41301 that requiredrecognizing from a TV Guide which program is a rerun and onExercise U41802 tharTRUTFed identifying from a library cardwhen the author died.

Parental Education2

The no high school group had a median effect of -13.4 and anoverall behavior characteristically below the national level.However, they performed atypically closer to the national levelon Exercise U41901 that asked for the call number on a librarycard. They had behaviors atypically. farther from the nationallevel on four exercises: R41303 that required recognizing thatno new program was listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because abaseball game ran until 4:00 p.m.; 041606 regarded the use of anewspaper directory; U41803 required identifying from a library

2See the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)for definitions of the parental education groups.

35

card that a book had originally been in a foreign language; andU41902 required determining from a library card whether a book isillustrated.

The some high school group had a median effect of -5.0 andan overall behavior that tended to be below the national level.However, they performed atypically closer to the national levelon Exercise R409 that required recognizing which of several bookswould not be about people. Their behavior was atypically fartherfrom tie national level on four exercises: U41801 asked for thetopic of a book from a library card; U41802 asked when the authordied; U41803 required recognizing that the book had been in aforeign language originally; and 041606 regarded using a news-paper directory.

With a median effect of 0.8, the graduated from high schoolgroup had an overall behavior that tended to be about the sameas the national level. However, they performed atypically lowon Exercise U403 that required knowing in which of several sourcesto find the meaning of a given word, and they performed atypicallyhigh on Exercise 041802 that asked when the author died (librarycard).

The post high school group had a median effect of 7.2 and anoverall behavior characteristically above the national level.Their behavior was atypically farther from the national level onfour exercises: R41303 required recognizing that no new programwas listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because a baseball game ranuntil 4:00 p.m.; 041606 regarded the use of a newspaper directory;U41803 required identifying from a library card that a book hadoriginally been in a foreign language; and 041902 required deter-mining from a library card whether a book is illustrated. However,their behavior was atypically closer to the national level onfive exercises: 0404 required recognizing which of severaldepicted sources tells the meaning of words; R409 required recog-nizing which of several books would not be about people; R411required recognizing that in a telegae directory, Jones is listedbetween Johnson and Judson; 041901 asked for the call number froma library card; and R42002 asked for the page in a weekly newsmagazine where science news could be found.

Size and Type of Community3

With a median effect of -7.1, the extreme inner city grouphad an overall behavior characteristically below the national

3See the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)for definitions of the size and type of community groups.

36

level. They performed atypically farther from the nationallevel on four exercises: R41303 that required recognizing thatno new program was listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because abaseball game ran until 4:00 p.m.; R41304 required recognizingwhat time the cartoons start; U41802 required identifying from alibrary card when the author died; and U41902 required deter-mining from a library card whether a book is illustrated.

With a median effect of -4.7, the extreme rural group had anoverall behavior tending to be below the national level. Theyperformed atypically farther from the national level on ExerciseR41303.

The small city, medium city and rest of big city groups hadmedian effects of -1.2, 1.0 and =1:5, respectively. All threegroups had overall behaviors that tended to be about the same asthe national level. The small city and rest of big city groupshad no atypical behaviors.=Mhe=medium city group performedatypically low on Exercise R406 that required recognizing that theindex is the best way to find something in a book,

With a median effect of 2.8, the suburban fringe group hadan overall behavior that tended to be above the national level.However, they performed atypically high on Exercise R41303.

The extreme affluent suburb group had a median effect of 5.7and an overall behavior characteristically above the nationallevel. Their behavior was atypidally farther from the nationallevel on four exercises: R40.6 required recognizing that an indexis the best way to find something in a book; U41606 regardedusing a newspaper directory; U41802 required identifying from a.library card when the author died; and U41902 required determiningfrom a library card whether a book is illustrated.

* * *

The data for each released exercise representing referencematerials are presentednraefollowing manner. The 1pper partof the left page shows the exercise number and age level. Thenthe exercise is shown as it appeared to the respondent exceptthat the correct answer is indicated. The percentage of 13-year-olds choosing each answer is also shown.

The exhibit on the lower part of the page shows the nationalpercentage of success and the percentage of success for eachgroup both tabularly (leftmost column of figures) and grat:hically(horizontal bars). The second_column of figures on the leftside of the exhibit shows the effects for all groups with asterisks(*) indicating those that are reliably different from the national

37

7

percentage of success. The effects can also be seen graphically.Note the vertical dashed line descending from the end of thenational percentage bar. This allows a visual comparison of eachgroup percentage of success with the national percentage ofsuccess.

The right page again gives the exercise number and age level.It also gives the objective and major subobjective for which theexercise was Iritten and a brief description of the exercise withunusual or interesting responses pointed out when appropriate.

38

RELEASED EXERCISES

39


Nat'l t What is the BEST way to find out if there is some-Choosing' thing about Eskimos in a book?Each Answer

67.91 4110 Look in the index.

7.91 CD Look in the glossary.

7.61 CD Look at the title page.

2.71 CD Look through all the pages.

12.81 CD Skim through the introduction.

0.21 CD I dOn't'know.

0.91 No response

-12 12 3/1 0110E013 Roma!, 9 11

X qFsnccESS

67.9

GFOUPEPECZ

NATIOYAL

YATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OP,SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100

1

Minx 1


66.6 -1.3 West 1

ca.ft 1.4 Central71.1 3.2 Northeast 11.1,

SEX45.0 -3.0* gale70.8 2.9. Pentle

c210

tSC.6 -17.4* slack70.9 2.9 White f

EARENFAD IDnCillOn55.5 -12.4. Vs High School61.4 -4.3 Some High School66.1 . -1.2 Graduated High Sch.75.0 7.1 Post High School

IIII:7i22:TYPEof-g2M22111

61.4 -6.5 Extreme inner City60.1 -7.6 Extreme Rural69.1 1.1 Small City62.0 -5.9 ledium City65.9 -2.0 Rest Of Big City6',.6 0.6 Suburban Fringe84.2 16.2 Extreme Aff Suburb

40


Overlaps: Age 9


1

While this exercise asks for the best way to find out ifthere is something about Eskimos (not necessarily as the maintopic) in a book, the question could be generalized to anytopic. Sixty-eight percent of 13-year-olds correctly responded,"Look 'in the. index."

41



Nat'l % If you had to tell your class about windmills, whichChoosing of these would be the REST book to use?Each Answer

2.4% CI") An atlas

6.0% CI") A dictionary

89.5% IMO An encyclopedia

0.5% 'C., The Yellow Pages in the telephone book

1.4% CI") I don't know.

0.1% No response

Ti 1 02 3/1

'1 PP;Kum

0318011013

GROUP,!PPE

R0030080 9 13

NATIONAL APO GROUP PERCENTAGES 0? SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE 0? SUCCESSVARIABLE GROUP

70 80 900 10 20 30 40 50 60

89.6 NATIO,AL I

I

I

REGIOn I

89.3 -0.2 SoutheastI

87.4 -2.1 WestI

91.4 1.9 Central V'm9.4 0.3 northeast 9

I

I

1:3 I

S7.5 -1.9* Nale I

91.2 1.7* Temsle 9I

I

01421 1

80.2 -9.3* Slack I

91.1 1.6 White to.

112/1111,1411=2!91.3 -8.2* . Po nigh School88.1 -5,4* Some Righ Schooln1.0 1.5 Graduated Nioh Sch. 193.8 4.1 Post nigh School 1000

Inn -1140 -TYPE0? COMMUNITY

79.9 -11.0* Extreme Inner City87.4 -2.1 Extreme Rural84.3 -1.3 Small City90.6 1.1 Medium City P91.3 1.8 Rost Of Big City90.9 I.e Suburban ?rings to94.4 4.9* Extreme Aff Suburb 1

42


Overlaps: Age 9


On this exercise, 13-year-olds had to select the best refer-ence source where they might find information about windmills.Ninety percent of them correctly said an encyclopedia.

43



Nat'l % If you like books which are NOT about people, whichChoosing one of the following would you read?Each Answer

(:) The Jazz Man

(:) JOhIn'thTIBMaine

41 All about Elephants

(:) Who's in Charge of Lincoln?

2.8% (:) I don't know.

0.5% No response

701 01 3/1 03'4409011 810000RO 9 13

% OFSUCCESS

99.0

GROUPfEnCr

NATIONAL

RATIONAt AND GROUP PERCENTAGES Or SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESS

10 20 30 70 8050 6040 90 100

VI

I

88.4 0.313210

SoutheastI

to

85.6 -1.5 West I-tto

93.189.1

0.11.0

Centralnortheast

2.4X----.86.6 -1.4* Wale89.6 1.5 Female f

ZIOR90.9 -7.2" BlackR9.1 1.2" White

EIRENTAI EDUCATIOx80.4 -7.3* Igo High School94.0 6.0. Sole High School87.4 -0.6 Graduated High Sch.90.3 2.2 Post High School

luE:A*0-1(PE

ir

(IX c2.7143LII80.2 -3.9 Extreme Inner City86.0 -2.0 Extreme Rural88.0 -0.0 Small City89.0 1.0 %tonna' City 187.4 -0.7 Rest of Big City87.1 -1.1 Suburban Fringe93.7 5.7 Extreme Aff Suburb

44


Overlaps: Age 9



Eighty-eight percent of 13-year-olds were able to say thatif they wanted to read a book NOT about people, they would readAll about Elephants.

45




names?


0.2% C: Jackson and Jacobs

0.8% C: Jacobs and James

8.88 C.) James and Johnson

86.3% 4111 Johnson and Judson

3.0% C: Judson and Justus

0.3%

0.6%

C.) I don't know.

No `response

.11 15 3/1 04.111013 80010090 9 13

$ OP

227eR51

1X.3

GROUPEUNI

VATIONAL AND GROUP PPRCENTAUS Op SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESSInIABLI-------2EUZ

0 10 20 30 CO 50 60 70 804._

NATIONAL

i

90

t -

1

1

//iI21 I

83.9 .-2.3 Southeast 1

89.0 1.7 Nest 999.9' 2.8 Central 14.0

11.7 -2.5 Northeast

III94.1 -2.2* Male99.4 2.2* 'smile to

I

I

. 74.1 -12.2k pluck 1

28.5 2.3 %Mite los

79.7 -6.6EAMIU011/!

oo 9i0 sc1h1ool .

13.9 -2.3 Some High School87.6 1.4 Graduated High Sch. f.90.2 3.9. Post High School loos

IIII:Al2.71121192-01121111/

93.1 -3.3 Extress inner City81.) -3.4 Extreme Rural87.1 3.1 Small City fee

86.4 0.2 "Miss City t79.2 -7.0 Rest Of Dig City I

85.8 7.0.4 Suburban ?ring. ,89.6 .2.4 extreme Aff Suburb 1.

46


Overlaps: Age 9

Objective III: Use what is read.Subobjective.A: Obtain information efficiently.

Here is an exercise on looking up a name in the telephonedirectory. This particular task requires being able to alpha-betize to at least the third letter in the names. Since thethird and fourth answers divide at the name Johnson, 13-year-oldshad to recognize that Jon...as in Jones comes after Joh as inJohnson, not ahead of it. Eighty-six percent succeeded, but 9%said Jones would be between James and Johnson. Apparently theydid not carry their alphabetization far enough.

47


(Give dictionary to student.

Ask the first two questions and record the main points of his

responses.)

41201

92.66

41202

79.01

first ask: *What is a dictionary?"

41203

Open the book to page 15 and tell me any three97.21 words defined on that page.

1. eil.'z,dizgi,ku,rae,at,&2. 4/0.42#_. Zem,rif

-Z"idadit"""(1,9444126-.41204

91.41

(Dictionary: "A book that tells you what words mean." 41205"A book that tells you how to use words.")

Then ask: "What does the word 'define' mean?"

(Define: "To give the meaning of words," or"To tell what the word means.")

3.

Tell me the last word defined in the '9" section.

de4/0Me....

Tell me the number of the last page in thedictionary.

97.91 gee,

41206

Tell me the number of the page on which you canfind out whit the word "bake" means.

53.211 4//

41207(If the student defines both words correctly, read A-E to him andrecord his answers, even if he cannot do some or all of the tasks. Tell me the word which is defined just before theIf he cannuc define one or'both of the words, give him the defini- word "house* and the word which is defined justtion(s), using the dictionary and showing him a word and its after the word "house."definition if necessary, then continue with A.

Just beforeIf he answers A, either correctly or incorrectly, continue with 95.0111-E. If he cannot answer A, give firm the definition(s) once more Just after _.(26 1_1-.4-#A4and repeat A. If he then answers A, either correctly or incor-rectly, continue with I.E. If he stops working, encourage him 41204to continue. If he still cannot answer A, discontinue, explainthe situation in A, and go to the next exerErii717---- 82.81 All five parts correct (41203-07)

Other Acceptable Words

all around, allspice, allude, allure, allusion, ally,aluminum, alma mater, almanac, almighty, almond, almost,alms, alms house, aloe, aloft, aloha, along, alongside,aloof, aloud, alp, alpaca, alpha, alphabet

715 120 1/) 151412080 P1430,00 9 13 17 a

lrSUMak

92.9

1001PFUICT

iatt0841 8)D 04009 PEICENTIGIS OF SOCCISS

HICCOUGH OF SOCCISS2E=

0 14 20 30 6040 50 70 80

wifTnsii

90 100

tI

1

USW! 1

81.3 -1.5 southeast 1

91.4 0.6 Vest t92.2 -0.6 Central t44.4 1.7 Rortheast 'se

1

1

.?! I

78.4 -4.4. Pale 1

86.7 3.9. Remale fee.

1

1

012E I

72.9 -9.9. Black 1

84.7 1.9. White ss.

I

I

EBOITIL_IMAII21 I

71.9 -8.9. so High School1

79.1 -3.7 Some Bich School81.7 0.9 Graduated High Sch. t89.1 6.5 Post High School

2Ile-Avo-MI.0-031.12ILT/

77.4 -5.4 Sntreme Inner City83.1 0.3 !xtrsme Rural79.3 -3.5 Small City87.9 -1.9 Medium City94.0 1.2 Rest of Big City 995.1 3.3 Suburban Fringe 9..40.4 7.6 Extreme Aft Suburb

48




For this exercise, 13-year-olds were giVen an actual diction-ary and then were asked to find a number of things in it. Onpart 41203, 97% could give at least three words listed on page 15.On part-472617-91% could give the last word (python) defined inthe "P" section. On part 41205, 98% could give the number ofthe last page in the book. On part 41206, 93% could give thenumber of the page where they could find out what the word "bake"means. On part 41207, 95% could give the words defined justbefore and just after "house.". Eighty-three percent were correcton all five parts (41208). The exhibit on the opposite pagepertains to the percentages of 13-year-olds in the various groupswho were correct on all five parts.

49

S'Avvlse 413 -- Age 13

(Give the student a copy Of the TV schedule' and say to him.*Sere is part of a TV guide you sight find in a newspaper. Afteryou have reed it. A will ask you some questic». shout it. Youmay look at the schedule as many times as is aacessary to answerthe questions.')

2100 p.m.. CO Super Mutt - Cartoons

Amekrvo, 0/49/04.441

Aesee. C 07freel9In."

r 54;v erfC

popular music of local groupO.-

Mead the questions to the student and record his answers.)

61301

Which program is being run for at least second time?

45.41 AZ21.E.c.r.):o

Adapted from TV Guide ® Magazine, with permission.

702 IS

S Of

3/1 0155113010 1030060

0300?

9 13 17 A

OkTIOSAt AS0 4800f PSICS111486 Of SUMS

PSICISTA01 or socctss122cl1l 'MU /11111141 (1142

0 10 20 30 40 SO GO 70 SO 90 100

60.0 --. '17201111. fI

I

1111 21 i

59.6 -8.8* Sostheast I

70.2 1.0 Vest fp74.1 6.5* Central 968.0 -0.4 northeast

I

Ill63.6 -5.0' sale73.7 5.3' female g

I

I

Mal . I

46.3 -22.1* Slack72.' 4.5* Skit. leas

?WPM SD9CATIOSS1.1 -17.0' se Nigh School51.6 -4.8* Some CAM School70.5 2.1 Graftage Nigh Sch. t74.0 9.70 Post Nigh School

Due -I'0 -TIP'pf COMM/

5e.4 -11.0* Sztreme Inner City56.7 -11.6 incise Surat67.1 -1.3 Small City70.0 1.6 qeGlem City72.0 4.4 hest Of Sig City71.6 3.2 Suburban fringe76.3 8.0* Istreme Off Schub

50

41302

Nat'l % If you watched the entire movie, could youChoosing also see the entire program about the SanEach Answer Diego Zoo?

22.4% CD Yes

72.1% 40 No


1.2% No response

T02 15 02.1113020 81130010

% OP GROUPInin2 MEI II9IA111------2122P

9 13 17 A


PERCENTAGE or SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60;

70 80 90 100

ii:f NATIONAL 9

1

1

11212! 1

42.0 -10.1. theast A 1

71.4 -0.7 Vest 1

72.9 0.7 Central 981.7 9.6 Sortheast i

1

1

:IX 1

71.1 -2.0. sale 1

74.2 2.1 *emelt, i*. 1

i1MO 1

44.1 -22.30 Black 1

74.7 4.6 Whits s2111IM-121.01191

55.5 -16.6* No sigh School70.4 -1.5 Some Nigh School74.0 1.8 Graduated Rich Sch. f80.6 8.5 Post High School

2I c0312111161.3 -10.8. Extreme Inner City58.2 -13.9. Extreme Rural68.9 -3.3 Small city74.2 2.1 Sodium City81.2 9.1. lest Of Big City78.0 5.8 Suburban Fringe77.7 5.6. Utreme Aff Suburb 1

51

41303

Why is there no new program listed on Channel 4

beginning at 3:00 p.m.?

69.04 142".Z.ze

.02 15 6/1 011413030 81030070 9 13 17

IFanglIGS

69.0

GROUPBerry l'ARIABL2 GROUP



0 '10 20 30 40 50 60 70 10080 90

NATIONAL

51.8 -17.3* Southeast 1

74.7 5.6 West V

75.4 6.4 Central73.4 4.4 Northeast

SEX64.7 -4.3. male73.6 4.6* Female

'a...

£214141.2 -27.8* Black74.7 5.7 White V

EAIIIIAI nucTI2142.7 -26.3. No High SchoolS2.5 -10.5* Sole High School73.0 3.9 Graduated High Sch. 4%

..79.9 10.8* Post High School

up:AND -TINN91-01B21111

49.7 -19.8* Extreme Inner City45.5 -22.6* Extreme Rural66.4 -2.6 Small City70.5 1.4 medium City V64.6 0.5 Rest Of Big City V79.042.0

9.413.0*

Suburban FringeZictre"le Aff Suburb v.

52

ES

4

4

I

946965 37V 8962312 Er66TaJ 6vcialuin5

- A3 618 70 2ses

.L'8 WS 8'1-

L'E6 9'68 0"18

.4 221. %mon 5'1 6'S6

.4 e Am 779105 E'0 c't6 leans 010822x2 8't1- O'CL

I Ala aauu/-awa27v2 .5'0E- 6.E9 II101105-25 IIII=UKV=013

4 Icogn 4616.280)

.8'9 1'1.6 ..4 '465 11618 Fa49tGE2O .EL S',6

100465 11619 0100C E9- 1'86 I 1001165 4618 og .vit- 1'0

VAIV5M-IVITIffil

....4 align 1'08 43kig

TOO

I avnue4 8/13I .1'E- E'16

Iig

.4 2swaq4269 5'1 8'S6 4 i1226a3 .S 'S 6'68

2$08 9'88 ;Stion;t0S CIL

013II

I

4 1V8011VS 8'98 . . - .

06 :8

OL 09' OS :9

" OE Ot 01 0 atar----7--Elinitii 13212N ttITZU

5523085 JO 298.1123E2d d8080 iu S

553=5 JO 5208.183383d d6080 089 'mouth

V LI El 6 OEGOECIE 090Ei0.10 .1/4 51 to.

czeof trte Eumotis suo62283 ova 929 amq2 21214,4 2Y

OEIt

61305

Nat'l t How long is the program on Channel 6 atChoosing 3:00 p.m.?Each Answer

14.80

60.51

2.90

1.00

C.) 30 minutes

.4110 60 minutes

(:) 90 minutes

(:) 120 minutes

14.8% C7.) I don't know.

6.00 No response

'07 15 111/1 02.L413050 81030010

-% n Ga0UP

9 13 17 A

NATIONAL 190 GROUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

'noniron or SUCCESS

22E2122 HMI Til9110I9 nog"0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

51.5 RATIONAL t

I

1

LEGION I

49.0 -11.6. Southeast I

65.1 4.6. West rpm88.1 3.5 Central *** rm.,

63.1 2.9 Northeast_ 1

1

I

HI I

55.5 -4.9. Male 1

45.9 5.3 Female t

I

I

OMR I

31.4 -21.1. '..act I

54.1 6.3' 1.te rMinn ',nom*

43.5 -16.9* so Sigh School89.1 -11.5. Some High School63.1 2.9. graduated High Sch.69.1 8.6' Post Nigh School

NIF-1,40-TTPEOF C0981111ITI

15.9 - 16.6' Extreme Inner City52.4 -9.1 ?strum Rural58.9 -1.6 Small City62.9 2.2 Radium City52.5 -7.9' East Cl! Eta City55.6 6.1 Suburban Fringe 7

69.0 a.m. trireme At[ Suburb t ***

54


0.3% No response


7.2% 1 part correct

11.31 2 parts correct




The exhz ,t below given the percentages of the various'-groups re ,onding correctly on all five parts.

7)2 154 1/7 15*5*13060 111100)0 9 13 17 IL

Or +23031.

ag.vass 'Luc:

gATIOAL 550 GROUP P3RCTAGES OF SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSSASUBIZ_______iing

0 10 20.

30 40.

50 60.

70 80.

90 100

14.. VAt114AL

0E2'04

V

1

1

I

22.5 -11.8* Sootheest I

370 2.7 Vest ,33.4 4.3 Central ,30.1 4.1 gortheast 1..

1

1

2E3 I

11.1 -3.2. Pale17.4 3.4* Female I...

I00.115.5 -18.7* Block31.2 3.8 shit,

E81111.1 SO4C IVEL21

11

11.5 -22.9* to Nigh School24.1 -9.5* Some Hill% School37.7 3.3 GradoateS Nigh Sch.44.4 10.5 Post Rich School

213I-112=1.123or cogiumrmy .14.1 3xtreae inner City

24.1 -10.2 Extreme Ronal31.1 -4.20 Small City34.1 3.7 'tedium City 134.2 -0.1 Rest Of 819 City41.1 6.8 Soboban fringe41.7 9.4 gstrame MI Suburb

55




This exercise asks for a variety of information one might _

find in a TV Guide. On part 41301, 68% of 13-year-olds were ableto recognize word 'Repeat' meant that "Children's Variety"was being run for at least a second time. On part 41302, 72%could tell that if they watched the entire movie, they could notalso watch the entire program about the San Diego Zoo. On part41303, 69% could tell that no new program was listed on Channel 4at 3:00 p.m. because a baseball game on that channel lasted until4:00 p.m. On part 41304, 84% could give the time (2:00 p.m.)that the cartoons are shown. On part 41305, 61% could tell thatthe 3:00 p.m. program on Channel 6 lasted 60 minutes. Thirty-fourpercent of 13-year-olds responded correctly on all five parts(41306).

56


Read the paragraph and answer the question which follows it.

Any ettomot to label an entire generation is unrewarding,

",-,4,4a 041 e/eel due-

o41, a44y)-/9h)i- t-eftsiiien<1;n4-,

young generatio6 has done that continually from early yourn. --

Nat'l tChoosing Where would you MOST likely find this paragraph?Each Answer

13.2% CD In the encyclopedia

38.7% In a collection of essays

2.0% CD On a sports page

36.8% CD In the Dictionary of American Slang


0.8% No response

"This is the Beat Generation,' The Character of Prose, ClellonHolmes, reprinted by permission of The New York Times.

.01 99 4/1

.7. n?

0281415011 81100080 13 17

RATIONAL APO GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

G100P _ PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESS

SUCCESS term VARIABIE GROUP0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

39.7 NATI04AL B

s

tMal 1


38.9 0.3 Vest B

83.9 2.1 Central v30.4 0.7 Sortheast ' 9

1

1

SET 1

34.8 -4.2. Hale 1

41.1 4.5 Female v..1

1

COLOR 1

39.9 -7.88 Black 1

89.0 1.3 Vbite 9

IMPTit zoucitL2129.7 -9.0 No High School38.? -4.5 Some High School36.2 -2.8 Graduatei High Sch.46.4 7.11 Post High School

INE-44T-TYPtge COBAUlut

39.9 0.3 Extreme Inner City34.9 -3.8 Extreme Rural36.5 -2.1 Small City39.6 0.9 Medium City B.45.7 7.0 Rest Of Big City V

10.6 1.8 Suburban Fringe V.

39.1 -0.6 Extreme Bff euburb

57


___-07erlaps: Age 17

Objective I: Comprehend what is read.Subobjective C: Read paragraphs, passages and longer works.

This passage discusses the meaning of the word "beat" asused in the "beat" generation. Thirty-nine percent ofj3-year-olds recognized that the passage would most likely be found in acollection of essays. However, nearly as many (37%) thought itwould be found in the Dictionary of and 13% thoughtthe encyclopedia.

58


Read the table of contents from a weekly news magazine and answer

the questions which follow it.

Art 54 People 37Books 82 National 11Business 71 Press 66Cinema 81 Science . 51Education 38 Sports 60Law 52 Television 45Medicine 59 Theater 64Music 46 World 24

42001

Nat'l % Under what heading would you look to locate theChoosing reviews of a current movie?Each Answer

26.3%

2.6%

54.2%

12.7%

3.3%

0.9%

4110 Cinema

C:, Business

C:, Theater

C:, Television

C.7) I don't know.

No response

710 14 1/1 01X420010 81030080 13 17

% 1FsnCrIls

26.3

GROUPEMU MIMI! GR022

RATIONAL AVID GROUP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 40 50 00 9060 70 100

t

1

I

NATIONAL

19.2 -7.1. Southeast28.1 1.8 West 1.20.7 2.4 Central t429.9 2.6 aor,beist la.

I

I

21.1 1.0RI

HaleI

g..24.6 -1.7 Female

0112111.3 -12.5' Black29.0 2.6 White

EI10.2111-522=9213.1 -13.0. so Nigh School19.3 -7.0. Some Nigh School24.9 -1.4 Graduated High Sch.34.7 0.4 Post Nigh School

Plik1112..112.1!gr COE1191I/I

17.0 -0.5. Sztreme Inner City19.1 -7.2 Extreme Rural25.1 -1.2 Small City24.1 -2.2 Radium City20.2 -6.2 Rost Of Big City12.9 6.6 Suburban Fringe39.3 13.0* Extreme Aff Suburb

59

42002

Nat'l %Choosing On which page would you find science news?Each Answer

0.6% CD 37

94.9% 4110 51

1.0% CD 64

1.3% CD 81


0.7% No response

'19 OR 4/1

ov

02*1420020 R1130010

;POOP

13.17

NA/TONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

PERCENTAGR OP SUCCESSarr:ESS ?PIRO/ VARIABLE sEgn

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

14.9 NATIONAL 11

1

V221.040.1 -4.0. Sotheast wmoi

16.5 1.6 Vest 196.5 1.7 Central 195.4 0.5 mortheast 1

1

SPX 141.0 -1.9/ Mile 1

94.7 1.8* Female

c212.11

1

45.4 -9.5/ Black 1

94.9 White 11

1

PAP"NIAL ED7aiiI04 1

86.5 -B.O. No lIgh School95.9 1.9 Some High School I96.4 1.4 Gradultoi High Sch. t95.9 2.0* Post High School

sip-moz/YPE

12f_40121117.

92.4 -2.5 Ittreme Inner City 1

91.6 -3.3 trireme aural 1

95.1 0.3 Small City 191.8 -1.1 tedium City 1

9/.5 2.6 Rest Of Big City 10OS.7 0.8 Suburban Fringe 199.0 4.1* Ertreme Aff Suburb 114,

60

12003

Nat'l t Which article would you be MOST likely toChoosing find in this magazine?Each Answer

12.01 (.7) The Life of Lou Gehrig"

2.71 (.7) "How to Become a Golf Expert"

6.81 (.7) "A History of Baseball in America'

60.3% "Outstanding Sports Events of the Week?"


No response

Flo 04 6/1 04.1(426030 91030040 13 17

11.

SUQ2E,A

40.1

GROUPHMI !IMAM_ GROUP

NATIONAL

REGION


pEprENTAGE OF SUCCESS

O 10 20 30 40 co 60 70 80 90

53.4 -6.4. Southeast59.5 -0.8 vest59.1 -1.1 Central69.' 7.9. Sorheast

Sri5).6 -0.7 Bale41.0 0.7 Female f'

220241.0 -11.2. Black

2.5" White tPARENTAL 3DucATIov

39.4sm.'

-20.8.-5.6

No High SchoolSome High School

54.1 -0.4 Graduated High Sch.65.4 5.6. Pont High School

SIZE-AND-TYPEOP cone uirr

61.1 2.8 trtreme Inner City t.51.4 -8.8 Extreme Rural54.9 -0.4 Small City60.4 0.6 Medium City f59.7 -1.6 Rest Of Big City61.165.2

0.84.9

Suburban FringeExtreme Aff Suburb

f'ft...

61

100

42004 Summary of the three parts

0.3% No response





The exhibit beloW pertains to the percentages whoresponded correctly on all three parts.

710 oah 1/2 131470040 50000000 13 17

X Or5ECN2

GPM!UM /11/1211_______11222

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OP MOMS

PERCENTAGE Or SUCCESS

o lo 20 30 40 50 60 70 130 90. . .

17.4 vanoelt. t

1

1

12.7 -S.4.IM O

Southeast 1

19.2 1.6 Vest to19.0 0.6 Central t20.0 3.3 Northeast I'm,

19.1 0.5 nal.17.1 -0.5 ?emu*

1

1

5.9 -11.6* Slack 1

19.9 2.4 White es.

EABI:11A2.110I21High7.6 -10.00 so School

9.9 -6,6* Some High School16.1 -1.4 Graduated Nigh Sch.25.7 7.6 Post Nigh School

1/11:k12:21219P C9111211.11

.11.5 -6.1* Extreme Inner City11.6 -6.0* extreme Rural16.6 -1.0 Small City15.7 -1.9 Sodium City13.3 -4.3 Rest Of Dig City21.7 4.1 Suburban wrings S29., 11.6 Sitreme Aff Suburb

62

100


Overlaps: Age 17


This exercise presents a table of contents such as might befound in a weekly news magazine. On part 42001, 26% of 13-year-olds correctly answered that the reviews of a current movie wouldbe located in the cinema section. However, 54% said "Theater"and 13% said "Television." It seems likely that most 13-year-olds did not know the meaning of "Cinema." On part 42002, 95%correctly gave the page where they could find the science news.On part 42003, 60% correctly stated that, of the titles given,they would most likely find "Outstanding Sports Events of theWeek" in a weekly news magazine. Only 18% of 13 -year -oldsresponded correctly on all three parts (42004);

63

CHAPTER 5

RESULTS FOR AGE 17

The 17-year-olds participating i1 the 1970-71 Reading asment fall into two classifications: (1) the "in-school"17' -y'.olds and (2) the "out-of-school" 17-year-olds who were not enr_in public or private schools because they either dropped out orcompleted high school early. The latter were included to providein the assessment a more balanced representation of all 17-year-olds. The "in-school" 17-year-olds participating in the assess-ment were born between October 1, 1953, and September 30, 1954.About three fourths of them were enrolled in the eleventh gradeat the time of the assessment; of the remainder, about half wereenrolled in the tenth grade and about half in the twelfth grade.The "out-of-school" 17-year-olds who participated in the assess-ment were (1) not enrolled in public or private school duringMarch, 1970, and were born between October 1, 1952, and September30, 19531 or (2) not enrolled in public or private school duringJanuary, 1971, and were born between October 1, 1953, and Septem-ber 30, 1954.

First, we describe each group's overall behavior on theTheme 4 exercises; then we indicate those exercises on which thegroup's performance differs atypically from the group's medianlevel. Finally, we present each released exercise and an 'exhibitshowing the results for each group on that exercise.

Twenty-two specific effects (behaviors) on reference materialsare summarized at age 17. Twelve of these represent releasedexercises and are described in detail. The other 10 behaviorsrepresent unreleased exercises to be used in future assessments.Exhibit 5-1 shows the distribution..of the 22 effects representingTheme 4 for each group relative to the national level indicatedby the 0 line. 'A group's median level is indicated by an arrow(+). Each specific behavior is indicated by a box with an X (EM)

'These respondents were actually 18-year-olds who were includedin the sample to obtain a larger representation.- It was deemedthat one year's difference in age would make little difference inthe way they respond since they were out of school.

6V(65

EXHIBIT 5-1A


Region Sex Color

,s

SE W C NE M F a its

Median -7.4Effect

0.2

3.5

2.6

-1.4

66

1.4

-21.6

2.9

EXHIBIT 5-1B


ParentalEducation


a

We a. 1040 PIO CPC 33I IC IIMDC ar u

0.6 -7.8 -2.4

6.3 -3.4 0.3 2.5

Median-14.2Effect

-6.5

2.5

67

7.6

unless it differs atypically from the group's median level; thenit is represented by an open box ( ).

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tendingto be above (+) o= tending to be below (-), or as- characteristi-cally above (++) or characteristically below (--) the nationallevel, a specific behavior for that group can be: (1) atypicallyfarther-from the national level than is the group's median levelor (2) atypically closer toe the national level.

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tendingto be about the same as the national level (0), a specific behaviorfor that group can be atypically high or low relative to the-group'smedian lev 1.

Region

Southeastern 17-year-olds had a median effect of -7.4 and anoverall behavior characteristically below the national level. How-ever, they performed atypically closer to the national level onExercise R41208 that required performing a'variety of tasks witha dictionary, and on Exercise R421 that asked for the pages indi-cated in an index that gave information on earthworms. Theirbehavior was atypically farther from the national level on threeexercises: R41303 required recognizing from a TV Guide that nonew program was listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because a base-ball, game runs until 4:00 r.m.; R42001 required recognizing fromthe table of contents of a 'eekly news magazine that movie reviewswould be in the cinema section; and R42204 required giving threefacts about a program listed in a TV Guide.

With a median effect of 0.2, Western 17-year-olds had anoverall behavior that tended to be about the same as the nationallevel. They had no atypical behaviors.

Central 17-year-olds had a median effect of 3.5 and an over-all behavior characteristically above the national level. Theyperformed atypically farther from the national level on ExerciseU41802 that required recognizing on a library catalog card whenthe author died. They performed atypically closer to the nationallevel on Exercise U417 that required recognizing which topic in anindex comes first in a book.

2An atypical effect (or behavior) described as being closer to thenational level may be (1) less extreme irk the same direction. asa group's tendency or characteristic, or (2) it may occur in theopposite direction from the national level as the group's medianlevel.

68

Northeastern 17-year-olds had a median effect of 2.5 and hadan overall behavior tending to be above the national level. Theirbehavior was atypically farther from the national level on Exer-cise R42003 that asked which of several articles would most likelyappear in a weekly news magazine. However, they performed atypi-cally closer to the national level on'Exercise R415 that requiredrecognizing that a passage.on the meaning of "beat" most likelycame from a collection of essays.

Sex

While boys had a median effect of -1.4 and an overall behaviorcharacteristically below the national level, girls had a medianeffect of 1.4 and an overall behavior characteristically above thenational level. However, both boys and girls performed closerto the national level on Exercise U417 that required recognizingwhich topic in an index comes first in the book, and on ExerciseU41801 that required determining from a library catalog card thetopic or the book. Both groups performed atypically farther fromthe national level on Exercise R41305 that asked the length of theprogram on Channel 6 at 3:00 p.m. and on Exercise U41902 thatrequired determining from a library catalog card if a book is

illustrated.

Color

While Black 17-year-olds had a median effect of -21.6 and an

overall behavior characteristically below the national level,White 17-year-olds had a median effect of 2.9 and an overall.behav-ior characteristically above the national level. However, Uoth

groups had behaviors atypically closer to the national level onfour exercises: R41208 required performing swieral tasks involving

a dictionary; U41901 asked for the call number from a librarycatalog card; U42002 required determining from the table of contents

of a weekly news magazine the page where science.news would befound; and R421 required determining from an index the pages onwhich information on earthworms could be found. Blacks also per-formed atypically closer to the national level on Exercise R41304

(TV Guide).

Both groups had behaviors atypically farther from the national

level on three exercises: U41802 required identifying from alibrary catalog card when the author died; R42001 required recog-nizing from the table of contents of a weekly news magazine thatmovie reviews are found in the cinema section; and R42204 askedfor three facts about a program listed in a TV Guide. Blacks alsoperformed atypically farther from the national level on ExerciseU41606 that required using a newspaper directory.

69

Parental Education3

Although the no high school group had a median effect of-14.2 and the some high school group had a median effect of -6.5,the overall behavior of both groups was characteristically belowthe national level.

The no high school group performed atypically closer to thenational level on three exercises: R41208 required performingseveral tasks involving a dictionary; 041901 asked for the callnumber on a library catalog card; and R421 asked for the pagesindicated by an index where information on earthworms could befound. Their behavior was atypically farther from the nationallevel on four exf.-rcises: R415 required recognizing that a passageon the meaning of "beat" most likely came from a collection ofessays; U41802 required determining from a library catalog cardwhen the author died; R42001 required recognizing from a newsmagazine table of contents that movie reviews would be found inthe cinema se:tion;land R42204 asked for three facts about a.program listed in a TV Guide.

The some high school group performed atypically closer to thenational level on Exercise R41304 (TV Guide) that asked what timethe cartoons are shown. Their behaVic3F777gi atypically fartherfrom the national level on five exercises: U41606 regarded usinga newspaper directory; U41802 required identifying from a librarycatalog card when the author died; U41803 required recognizingthat the book had originally been in a foreign language; R42001required recognizing from a news magazine table of contents thatmovie reviews would be in the cinema section; and R42204 askedfor three facts about a program listed in a TV Guide.

With a median effect of 0.6, the graduated from high schoolgroup had an overall behavior tending to be above the nationallevel. They had no atypical behaviors.

The post high school group had a median effect of 6.3 and anoverall behavior characteristically above the national level.Their behavior was atypically farther from the national level onsix exercises: R415 required recognizing that a passage on themeaning of "beat" was most likely from a collection of essays;U41606 regarded the use of a newspaper directory; U41802 requiredidentifying. from a library catalog card when the author died;R42001 required recognizing from a news magazine table of contents


70

that movie reviews are in the cinema section; R42003 required-recognizing which of several articles would most likely appearin a news magazine; and R42204 asked for three facts aboufi. a pro-gram listed in .a TV Guide. Their behavior was atypically closerto the national level -E-five-exercises: R41208 required severaltasks involving a dictionary; R41304 required recognizing from aTV Guide when the cartoons are shown; 041901 asked for the callnumber from a library catalog card; R42002 required identifyingfrom a news magazine table of contents the page where sciencenews could be found; and R421 required identifying from an indexthe pager where information on earthworms could be found.

Size and Type of Community``

With a median effect of -7.8, the extreme inner city grouphad an overall behavior characteristically below the nationallevel. Thal, performed atypically farther from the national levelon Exercise 041801 that asked for the topic of a book from alibrary catalog card and on Exercise R42001 that required recog-nizing from a news magazine table of contents that movie reviewsare in the cinema section.

The extreme rural and small city groups had median effectsof -3.4 and -2.4, respectively. The overall behavior of bothgroups tended'to be below the national level. The extreme ruralgroup performed atypically farther from the national level onExercise R42204 that asked for three facts about a program listedin a TV Guide. The small city group had no atypical behaviors.

With a median effect of 0.4, the medium city group had anoverall behavior that te-,"ed to be about the same as the nationallevel. They had no atyl -al behaviors.

The rest of big city and suburban fringe groups both had

median effects of 2.5. The overall behavior of both groups tendedto be above the national level. Neither group hae any atypical

--behaviors.

With a median effect of 7.6, the e .reme affluent suburbgroup had an overall behavior characteristically above the national

level. They performed atypically farther from the national level

on Exercise R42001 that required recognizing from a news magaz aetable of contents that movie reviews are in the cinema section.However, they performed atypically closer to the national level

'`See the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)

for definitions of the size and type of community groups.

71

4 M.

on Exercise R421 that required identifying from an index the pageswhere information on earthworms could be founr1..

* * *

The data for each released exercise representing referencematerials are presentedIFENgfollowing manner. The upper partof the left page shows the exercise number and age level. Thenthe exercise is shown as,it,appeared to the respondent exceptthat the correct answer is indicated. The percentage of 17-year-olds choosing each answer is also shown. The size and type ofcommunity information applies to "in-school" 17-year-olds only(labeled "17IS").

The exhibit on the lower part of the page shows the nationalpercentage of success and the percentage of success for each groupboth tabularly (leftmost column of figures) and graphically (hori-zontal bars). The second column of figures on the left side ofthe exhibit shows the effects for all groups with asterisks (*)indicating.those that are reliably different from the nationalpercentage of success. The effects carrag3 be seen graphically.Note the vertical dashed line descending from the end of thenational percentage bar. This allows .a visual comparison of each

ngroup percentage of success with the national percentage of success.

The right page again gives the exercise number and age level.It also gives the objective and major subobjective for which theexercise was written and a brief description of the exercise withunusual or interesting responses pointed out when appropriate.

72

RELEASED EXERCISES

73

Exercise 412 --Age 17


Ask the first two questions and record the main points of his

responses.)

41201

94.7%

41202

89.5%

First ask; "What is a dictionary?"

(Dictionary: "A book that tells you what words mean.""A book that tells you how to use words.")

Then ask: 'What does the word 'define' mean?"

(Define: "To give the meaning of words," or"To tell what the word means.")

(If the student defines both words correctly, read A-E to him andrecord his answers, even if he cannot do some or all of the tasks.If he cannot define one or both of the words, give him the defini-tion(s), using the dictionary and showing him a word and itsdefinition if necessary, then continue with A.

If he answers A, either correctly or incorrectly, continue withB-E. If he cannot answer A, give EIn the definition(s) once moreand repeat A. If he then answers A, either correctly or incor-rectly, continue with B-E. If he stops working, encourage himto continue. If he still cannot answer A, discontinue, explainthe situation in A, and go to the next exerrrirr-

512 02B 1/2 151412080 110300B0 9 13 17 k

41203

Open the book to page 15 and tell me any three98.1% words defined on that page.

1. /7i 1;dady4,zkij,gliel2. gYl.te,*_ 11Z.077 Sul3.

41204

Tell me the last word defined in the "P" section.

96.3%

i41205

Tell re the number of the last page in thedictionary.

99.0%

41206

Tell me the number of the page on which you canfind out what the word "bake means.

97.1% 5%

41207

98.0%

41208

Tell me the word which is defined just before theword "house" and the word which is defined justafter the word "house."

Just before

Just after

91.8% All five parts correct (41203-07)


all around, allspice, allude, allure, allusion, ally,aluminum, alma mater, almanac, almighty, almond, almost,alms, alms house, aloe, aloft, aloha, along, alongside,aloof, aloud, alp, alpaca, alpha, alphabet

% OF220Zis

91.8

GROUPZIII0

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENT/GAS or soccEss

PERCENT/GE OF SUCCESS

/ARIIDL2 it022100

I1

1

1

0 10 20 304,

804,

904,

50 604,

704,

404,

NATIONAL

? IDIOM90.1 -1.7 Southeast 1

90.894.9

-1.03.10

NestCentral

Ilose

90.4 -1.3 Northeast

BFI90.2 -1.6 Rale93.4 1.6 Female IS.

1

1

1

81.9 -9.9. Black 1

93.1 1.3 White

ummil EDUCATION86.8 -5.0 No Nigh School86.8 -4.9. Some High School92.594.9

0.83.10

Graduated High Sch.Post High School

toNse

92.4 NkTION1L(17IS ONLY)

SIZE -AND-ms2ISMAIIIZI

86.6 -5.80 Extreme Inner City91.7 -0.7 Extreme Rural 1

92.1 -0.3 Small City t

91.5 -0.9 Medium City 1

94.0 1.6 Rest Of Big City IS92.8 0.4 Suburban Fringe I

96.9 4.40 Extreme Aff Suburb IS

74

Exercise 412 Age 17



For this exercise, 17-year-olds were given an actual-aiction-ary,and then were asked to find a number of things in it. Onpart 41203, 98% could give at least three words listed on page 15.On part 41204, 96% could give the last word (python) defined inthe "P" section. On part 41205, 99% could give the number of thelast page in the book. On part 41206, 97% could give the numberof the page where they could find out what the word "bake" means.On part 41207, 98% could give the words defined just before andjust after "house." Ninety-two percent were correct on all fiveparts (41208). The exhibit on the opposite page pertains to thepercehtages of 17-year-olds in the various groups who were correcton all five parts (regarded as success on this exercise).

'75


(Give the student a copy of the TV schedule* and say to him,"Here is part of a TV guide you might find in a newspaper. Afteryou have read it, I will ask you some questions about it. Youmay look at the schedule as many times as is necessary to answerthe 'questions.")

2s00 p.m. ca Super Mutt - Cartoons

eztlee /er p e Aea,

ble, 4077 y117/?

'rows stiv en s

popular music of local groups.

(Read the questions to the student and record his answers.)

41301

83.91

Which program is being run for at least a second time?

il)Adapted from TV Guide ® Magazine, with permission.

S06 16 3/1 011413010 R10300R0 9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES Or SUCCESS

% Or GROUP PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSsots

83.9

ILLS/ IIBIAII------22022.0 10 20 30 40 50

NATIONAL

60 70 80 90

9

I

1

Rliial I

76.6 -7.3* Southeast I

79.9 -4.0* West I

88.6 4.7 Central fees.

87.3 3.4 Northeast feeet

I

I

HI I

82.1 -1.8.0 Rale I

85.7 1.8 Female es.

OMB59.2 -24.7* Black .

87.0 3.1* white romp

EIME/RIAMATISI67.8 -16.1* No High School78.9 -5.0* Some High School82.6 -1.3 Graduated High Sch.90.8 6.9 Post High School t44.4 NATIONAL(17IS ONLY)

21-ORI12180.4 -4.$ exSOtreme Inner City82.6 -2.1 Extreme Rural84.6 -0.2 Small Cit779.9 Medium City90.887.988.1

6.0.0

3.13.3

Rest Of Big CitySuburban Fringe

Extreme Aff SUbtab'S.f.

76

41302If you watched the entire movie. could you

Nat'l t also see the entire program about the SanChoosing Diego Zoo?Each Answer

11.8%

84.7%

2.8)

0.8%

CD Yea

No

CD I don't know.

No response

S06 16 5/1

% OP

2110122

0211413020 R10300P0

GROUPIMO 111.11112 orou

9 13 17 'II


enamor or SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

94.7 NATIONAL

MU!74.9 -10.6' Southeast94.6 -0.1 Vest98.5 3.8 Central 'WOO

89.3 3.6 Northeast 1.

21/83.7 -0.9 Hale85.6 0.9 Female to

012162.5 -22.21 Black87.5 2.8 White

211ENIII-IMIL0I73.8 -10.94, No High School79.4 -5.34; Some High School85.9 1.3 Graduated High Sch. I90.3 5.6 Post High School 485.5 RATIoVAL(17IS ONLY)

LIII:420-TYPEor_comigy/

79.3 -7.2* Extreme Inner city83.7 -1.8 Extreme Rural82.8 -2.7 small. City82.4 -3.1 Medium City90.3 4.8 Rest Of Big City88.6 3.1 Suberban Fringe 4.14.0

94.0 8.5 Extreme Aff Suburb

77

41303

Why is there no new prograr listed on Channel 4beginning at 3:00 p.m.?

84.2% 44141.,/*Frie.....

506 16 6/1 01'0413030 81030080

S OP GROUP

9 13 17


PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESS2E021

04.2

rnICI 11111211___--_-212220 10 20 30 80 50 60 70

NATIONAL

8: 90

e V1

I

IIiI21 I

70.9 -13.30. SoutheastI

83.2 -1.0 Vest V89.3 5.1' Central rows.99.1 4.90 Northeast cows.

81.2 -3.0' Male 187.2 3.0' female 1144,0

012161.9 -22.30. Black97.2 2.9' shit. 11

Il112211-1PSOTITI66.7 -17.5' So Big School78.5 -5.7' Some Nigh School86.9 2.7' Graduated Nigh Sch. 111190.4 6.2' Post Nigh School

95.1 NATIONIL(17I5 ONLY)

Hit-AND32-0111111Z1

74.7 -10.49. Extreme Inner City73.9 -11.2' Extreme Beret93.1 -2.0 Small City81.5 -3.6' Medium City92.8 7.3' Rest Of Big City90.3 5.2' Suburban fringe 'Ste.97.1 12.0' Extreme Aff Suburb V

78

41304

At what time ars the cartoons shown?

92.0% de:034/70117.

506 16 8/1

g OP

0111413040 41030060

GROUP

9 13 17 A

118U08/1. AND 0800P PIOCIOTAGES 0? SUCCESS

PEOC/1?401 OP SUCCESS

22c2i22 Ifila 111.3111-_----222210 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100

92.0 warxosat tI

I

11.4121 I

87.7 -4.31 Southessl I

89.8 -2.3 vest I

94.7 2.7 Central 194.1 2.0 lortheast ft

I

I

All I

89.9 -2.24 Nale I

94.2 2.2 Tamale toI

t

79.2 -12.81falldll

Slick I

93.8 1.8 41lite 9'I

I

Ellillli-122S1212170.3 -13.71 Oo Nigh School I

91. -0.5 Some Nigh School I

93.8 1.8 Graduated Nigh Sch. t S.94.7 2.6 Post Nigh School f2.2 NITIONIL(17IS 0111) y

I

211/:112:2121 I

22 1122-£211 I

92.6 0.4 !strok e Inner City 't

90.0 -2.2 2streme harsh e'enI

91.2 -0.9 Small City '5'' I

99.8 -2.3 medium City . I

93.1 0.9 test Of Big City , t92.9 0.7 Suburban Fringe k 4 t97.6 S.4 Extreme Aft Seberb twos.

79

41305

Nat'lChoosing Now long is the program on Channel 6 atEach Answer 3:00 p.m.?

9.3%

69.4%

1.24

0.34

13.94

5.94

C: 30 minutes

4110 60 minutes

(=> 90 minutes

C: 120 minutes

C:2 I don't know.

No response

SC6 16 10/1

% OFIS OM

59.1

56.472.071.672.2

64.071.0

43.072.6

55.062.673.375.2

72.0

52.467.267.170.275.671.902.0

024I413050

GROUPnum

-12.5.0.65.34.

2.9

-4.604.6e

-25.6k3.2e

-Mae-6.003.6'5.00

-17.6e-7.04.

-3.00.25.64.90

12.00

F1030090

vomins GPOUP

9 13 17 A

VAT/OVAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES ON SUCCESS


0 10 20 30 10 50 60t

.."

70

f1

1

1

?WOOS1,0

11

I

1

1

1

1

to.

1.4.

80 90 100

1

t

t...

fell

t

1.114.14,

NATIONAL

RECTOSSoutheast

vestCentral

Northeast

OERale

Female

=ISlackwhite

WIESTIL 000CATInNo Ugh School

Some Nigh SchoolGraduated nigh Sch.

Post Nigh School

VATIOSAL(17I5 OVIT)

SIEV-AND -1111yr CORMOWITY

Extreme Inner CityExtreme Rural

Small CityNedium City

Rest Of Big citySuburban Fringe

Extreme Atf Suburb

80


0.24 No response


3.94 1 part correct





The exhibit below pertains to the percentages of indi-viduals in the various groups who were correct on allfive parts.

S06 16B

% OP

1/2 151413060 80000000

GROUP

9 13 17 A



SnCES2 PPPECI Mint CROUP0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

53.4 NATIONAL VI

I

IMP I

37.5 -15.9.0 Southeast I

51.7 -1.7 Nest I

60.7 7.3 Central V

58.3 4.9 NortheastI

3I

49.4 -4.0. Salo57.4 4.0 ?elute

1Solo! I

23.4 -2S.8. Black

57.1 3.7 Nate 'so*

PIRMAL tp0ChTION36.5 -16.4. No Nigh School42.0 -11.4. Some Nigh School55.1 1.7 Graduated nigh Sch. V62.4 9.0 Past Nigh School V

54.2 NATIONAL(17IS ONLY) V

2148-100-TTPEOrsoBONITY

37.0 -17.1. Extreme Inner City46.0 -8.2. Extreme Rural

50.8 -3.3 Small City51.2 -3.0 medium City

Nu

61.1 6.9 Rest Of Big City62.1 7.9 Suburban Fringe

uipitssom

66.5 12.3 Extreme 1ff Suburb V

81

100




This exercise asks for a variety of information one mightfind in a TV Guide. On part 41301, 84% of 17-year-olds were ableto recogni7gMTEthe word Repeat( meant that "Children'sVariety" was being run for at least a second time. On part41302,-85% could tell that if they watched the entire movie, theycould not also watch the entire program about the San Diego Zoo.On pa::t 41303, 84% could tell that no new program was listed onChannel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because a baseball game on that channellasted until 4:00 p.m. On part 41304, 92% could give the time(2:00 p.m.) that the cartoons are shown. On part 41305, 69%could tell that the 3:00 p.m. program on Channel 6 lasted 60 min-utes. Fifty - three percent of 17-year-olds responded correctly onall five parts (41306).

82

rt

1



Any attempt to label an entire generation is unrewarding, and

-4

Ay7eWeev4r/ eeele.Yed dices

tier -6"7,';Piti. ,*risii/dWeriir

young generation has done that continually from earlys;oZa.l."'

Nat'l %Choosing Where would you MOST likely find this paragraph?Each Answer

4.9% (:) In the encyclopedia

67.0% In a collection of essays

1.1% (:) On a sports page

21.1% C: In the Dictionary of American Slang

5.1% CZ) I don't know.

0.7% No response

This is the Beat Generation," The Character of Prose, ClellonHolmes, reprinted by permission of the New York Times Company.

508 11 4/1 021015011 R10000R0 13 17

% OPSUCCIII

GROUPringi



imam 01222 70 80 90 100

V

I

I

67.0

0 10 20 30 SO 50 60.

NATIONAL

PEGION59.6 -7.4o Southeast I

69.7 2.7 Westtoo

72.2 5.20 Central to65.2 -1.9 Northeast. I

21164.8 -2.3 Hale69.3 2.3 Female Vs

I

I

S2121I

09.0 -18.10 Black I

69.9 2.80 Shibatoo

MENTAL EDUCATION I

42.7 -24.3o No nigh School55.3 -11.70 Some Nigh School69.1 2.0 Graduated Nigh Sch. V*

76.5 9.5 Post High School V

68.0 NATIONAL(17I5 OOLE) 1I

§I2E-4110-TTPLOP CONININIII

49.8 -18.2,0 Extreme Inner City63.5 -4.5 Extreme Rural69.6 1.7 Small City

f69.1 1.2 Medium City to

68.3 0.4 Nist Of Big Cityto

70.2 2.3 Suburban Fringef

74.7 6.70 Extreme Aff Suburb V

83


Overlaps: Age 13

Objective I: Comprehend what is read.Subobjective C: Read paragraphs, passages and longer works.

This passage discusses the meaning of the word "beat" asused in the "beat" generation. Sixty-seven percent of 17-year-olds recognized that the passage would most likely be found in acollection of essays. However, more than one in every five (21%)chose the Dictionary of American Slang; 5% thought the encyclopedia.

84




Art 54 People 37

Books 82 National 11

Business 71 Press 66

Cinema 81 Science 51

Education 38 Sports 60

Law 52 Televison 45

Medicine 59 Theater 64

Music 46 World 74

42001

Nat'l t Under what heading would you look to locate the

Choosing reviews of a current movie?Each Answer

61.71

0.81

30.71

5.61

1.11

0.2%

410 Cinema

(:) Business

C: Theater

C: Television

(=> I don't know.

No response

S08 08 3/1 019X420010 51030020 13 17

% OF

acC333

61.7

GHOULMKT

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES OE SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OE SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 60 7040 50 80 90 100

V

f

I

1

%MORAL

LIMO46.6 -15.1. Southeast 1

65.9 4.2 vestfuses

65.4 3.7 CentralToss

67.0 5.3 Northeast y

f

I

5E3 1

60.9 -0.8 male f

62.5 0.8 Female:3 Y.1

1

MO I

32.8 -28.99 Black 1

66.0 4.39 Whiterem1

f14&lETAL-12MMILIS

1

1

33.7 -28.04. No High School 1

46.7 -15.09 Some High School 1

63.8 2.0 Graduated High Sch.1p.

72.7 11.09 Post High School f

62.8 NATIONAL(17IS ONLY)

ME-AND-TYPE

,

214231111/III44.6 -18.39 Extreme Inner City54.5 -8.39 Extreme Rural57.8 -5.09 Small City64.4 1.5 medium City

ye

66.5 3.7 Rest of Big City67.9 5.1 Suburban Fringe

,0411.4,

79.7 16.9' Extreme Aff Suburb

85

42002

Nat'l %Choosing On which page would you find science news?Each Answer

0.2%

95.7%

0.7%

0.4%

1.3%

1.7%

(=> I don't know.

No response

508 08 4/1

S 0!A00122

021420020

GROUP1:210

810300RO

Tam GROUP

13 17

NATIONAL AMD GPOUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE 0! SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

95.7 NATIONAL

gag !92.7 -2.9m Southeast96.3 0.6 West t95.6 -0.1 Central97.8 2.1 Northeast la

11394.4 -1.3m Hale97.0 1.3. Penal.

012186.5 Black97.1 1.4. White fm

MENTAL EDUCATION86.3 -9.40 No High School95.0 -0.7 Some High School95.9 0.2 Graduated High Sch.98.4 2.7 Post High School f95.8 NATIOMAL(17I8 ONLY)

1211:112:112.1OP COI

92.4 Extriefiner City94.8 -1.0 Extreme Rural94.2 -1.6m Small City97.3 1.5 Medium City f'97.8 2.0 Rest Of Dig City I"96.0 0.3 Suburban Fringe98.3 2.5 Extreme Aff Suburb

86

42003

Nat'l % Which article would you be MOST likely toChoosing find in this magazine?Each Answer

7.9% C.: 'The Life of Lou Gehrig"

3.0% (:) 'How to BeCOMO a Golf Expert"

3.7% C.7) 'A History of Baseball in America"

65.0% 410 "Outstanding Sports Events of'the Week'

16.64

3.84

CD I don't know.

No response

508 08 5/1 041420030 1110300N0 13 17

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES 0? SUCCESS

% 0? GROUP PERCENTAGE or SUCCESS

2Egg122

65.0

ZUNI IMAM GROUP0r

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

T

I

I

1

NATIONAL

Ltin!53.7 -11.4* Southeast I

65.9 0.8 Vest T66.5 1.4 Central T.72.7 7.7 Northeast 1

I

1

63.1 -1.9 Male67.0 1.9 remelt* 'or

IOW I

49.7 -15.4* Black I

67.0 1.9 White 9I

.

flillni-RNITI21I

I

49.1 -15.9* No High School I

53.3 -11.8* Some High School AI

64.9 -0.2 Graduated Nigh Sch. T74.1 9.0 Post High School T

65.9 NATIONAL(17IS ONLY)

IIII:112:IIEI21_01121111

63.7 -2.2 Extreme Inner City62.8 -3.1 Extreme Rural59.4 -6.5* Small City64.4 -1.5 Medium City63.9 -2.0 Rest Of Big City71.0 5.1 Suburban Fringe 'MOO.78.9 13.0 Extreme Aff Suburb

87

42004 Summary of the three parts

0.1% No response





The exhibit below pertains to the percentages whore.t.,,onded correctly on all three parts.

SO8 98B 1/2 13'5420040 R0000000 13 17,

% OF220112

44.6

GROUPIMO IIBLIDLE AIM



0 60 70 80 90.

10 20 30 404

504,

t

1

1

NATIONAL

L12191 I

28.5 -16.18 Southeast 1

49.2 $.5 vest 1...47.2 2.6 Central lee51.8 7.1' Northeast . t

1

I

231 I

42.5 -2.1 Nale 1

46.8 2.1 Female 0'

1

ON/1

I

20.0 -24.6" Black 1

48.0 3.3' Vhite los

1

num/ zincing!1

I

22.2 -22.4" No High School 1

27.3 -17.3' Some High School I

45.1 0.4 Graduated High Sch. y

56.3 11.7' Post sigh School y

45.8 NATION/11171S ONLY)

SIMA/2111EZOF CO/MUNITI

32.4 -13.3 Extreme Inner City37.8 -7.9' Extreme Rural40.2 -5.6" Small C..y43.4 -2.4 Medium City46.2 0.4 Rest Of Big City51.6 5.9' suburban Fringe 11.1.0.1.8

26.5 20.7' Extreme 1ff Suburb

88

100

1 44


"overlaps: Age 13


This exercise presents a table of contents such as might befound in a weekly news magazine. On part 42001, 62% of 17-year-olds correctly answered that the reviews of a current movie wouldbe located in the cinema section. However, 7;1% said "Theater"and 6% said "Television." It would seem that about one third of17-year-olds do not know the meaning of "cinema." On part 42002,96% correctly gave the page where they could find the sciencenews. On part 42003, 65% correctly stated that, of the titlesgiven, they would most likely find "Outstanding Sports Events ofthe Week" in a weekly news magazine. Forty-five percent of17-year-olds responded correctly on all three parts (42004).

89

06

16 16

16 16

;;v "owls* 'Suva/ Impose;

Alv3 008 30 %sow Asp vamp

0'0 1'0 C.0

0'66 0'06 S05 0'06

16 1453 Clam C'0 L06 /*saw 113418 C't- t's6 0413 am; slusssi 0.0- 0'06

1:2131133-15 11zs41T -sfit

16 Imo suamoma C16

66 100ln 46;M 4004 66 16 log witos velssovao 0'16

root ISIs su; et- 646 voolos "610 06 St- 0'06

Maud! umail

16 4000 t66 PITO

TRW of',- tt6

16 vio; 0'0 0'66 vvu

!If 0'0- SL6

16 isveglov 910 on 66 ;isue; St 1.66

sees 00- SL6 "7. lsvesswilv

14I121 6.1- 0'06

1060I401 O6 o

001 06 00 OL 00 OS 00 OC Of :t

131/111 1113311 440015 alumni 01133340 10 8003013124

0023300 AO SI0Vi1131td 40000 GOV 106A/V0

LI 08000001 CtOtte110 t/C 64 COS

60060 JO 0

'suedes/ OM sr"

'01401 1.ue9 I (:>

110i'LCIE CD WO fT'Stt 41111 %C16

Stt C:3 WO LIT <=0 I10

Ot'S :3 /wavy mow;

&moos/ % TOT"

vv;.vvveusos

OT'S'vsTook

.0'1000

TZ'CIOTZ-40C02Ts

St -,e'PGIA

ft-tt'lwegs

01-50,140%

St -0L'00.20G1m%

CST -OPT'S, -Cf.:S.200gs

teusomosw snout uovlwazo;ut Putt so4 Moos 1060d mort" "0

sass "winos w twat 06ed "'sus us 0o said sv "sou

LI 6" -- ILO eet3213



This exercise gives a facsimile of a portion of an indexfrom a science book. Ninety-eight percent of 17-year-olds cor-rectly gave the pages (195,196), listed under "worms," where theywould find information about earthworms.

91


Here is part of a television viewing guide* you might find in anewspaper. Read it and then answer the questions which follow it.

3:00 p.m. nn Movie - Mystery

/--)-7 ttee-t-fe / de / l >lee/

eveze-C. Vey

.Pleris;54,7,e-szlIr,24w

1.1% No response

Adapted from TV GuideeMagazine, with permission.

42203

Nat'lChoosing What will Rob Johnston play in the movie?Each Answer

6.7% (:) The sidekick

2.1% C.) The escaped convict

84.5% MD The master detective

1.1% C.> None of the above

1.4% (:) I don't know.

.4.0%

42204

No response

74.0% All three parts correct

S09 028

% OFSUCCESS

1/2 130E422040

GROUPUZI=

01030080

TaIII81,8 GROUP

17


PEECENTAGE.OF SUCCESS

0 10 20 30 10 50 60 70 80 90 100

74.0 NATIONAL 1I

'mosI

I

58.6 -15.3* SoutheastI

76.6 2.6 West Imp77.7 3.8 Central 10**79.0 5.0* Northeast to***

All70.8 -3.1* Nale76.7 2.7* Female IS.

012137.4 -36.6* Black78.4 4.40 Ebite

?AHEM EDUCATIOf44.2 -29.7* - Ro High School60.7 -13.3* Some Nigh School73.0 -1.0 Graduated Nigh Sch. ***84.9 11.0* Post High School 1

74.7 NATIOMAL(17IS 0111.1) 1

1/11-111D-TIFIOF COREUEITI

59.9 -14.8* Extreme Inner City54.3 -20.4* Extreme Rural72.4 -2.3 Small City80.1 5.4 Medium City 14,41.0076.8 2.1 Rest Of Big City 1*79.4 4.7 suburban Fringe ISM85.8 11.1* Extreme Aff Suburb 1

92

Exercise 422 --

Objective III:Subobjective C:

Age 17

Use what is read.Obtain

informationefficiently.

Here again is afacsimile of part of a TV Guide.

Three

pieces ofinformation from the TV Guide are FRUMIT.

Success

on thisexercise is regarded

as-Eng-able to answer all three

partscorrectly. On part 42201, 92% of

17-year-oldsrecognized

that the movie is a mystery.On part 42202, 86%

recognized that

the program was presented in theafternoon. On part 42203, 85%

recognized that BobJohnston played the part of the master

detective.

The exhibit on theOpposite page pertains only to the per-

centages of17-year-olds giving correct answers on all three

parts.

93

CHAPTER 6

RESULTS FOR YOUNG ADULTS

The young adults (ages 26-35) participating in the 1970-71 .

Reading assessment were born between April 1, 1935, and March 31,

1945.

First, we describe each group's overall behavior on the

Theme 4 exercises, then we indicate those exercises on which the

group's performance differs atypically from the group's median

level. .Finally, we present each released exercise and an exhibit

showing the results for each group on that exercise.

Seven specific effects (behaviors) on reference materials

are summarized at the young adult level. Six of these repiesent

released exercises and are described in detail. The other behavior

represents an unreleased exercise to be used in future assessments.

Exhibit 6-1 shows the distribution of the seven effects for each

group relative to the national level indicated by the 0 line. A

group's median level is indicated by an arrow (4). Each specific

behavior is indicated by a box with an X (EN) unless it differs

atypically from the group's median level; then it is represented

by an open box (0).

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tend-

ing to be above (+) or tending to be below (-), or as character-

istically above (++) or characteristically below (--) the national

level, a specific behavior for that group can be (1) atypically

farther from the national level than is the group's median level

or (2) atypically closer to' the national level.

When a group's overall behavior has been described as tending

to be about the same as the national level (0), a specific behavior

can be atypically high or low relative to the group's median level.

'An atypical effect (or behavior) described as being closer to

the national level may be: (1) less extreme in the same erec-

tion as a group -'s tendency or characteristic, or (2) it may occur

in the opposite direction from the national level as the group's

median level.

OP

Ws-

a.

MI.

00

EXHIBIT 6-1A

Distribution of Effects for Adults

Region Sex Color

-Et SE 11 C NE M F II 14

Median -8.1 3.0 -0.6 -18.5

Effect1.5 2.5 0.6 2.3

0

EXHIBIT 6-1B

Distribution of Effects for Adults

ParentalEducation

Size of Community

r

NM MO Me PHs RC 1112 se tir

Median -5.4 2.8 -2.8 -0.1

Effect-1.7 7.6

97

-0.2 7.2

Region

With a median effect of -8.1, Southeastern young adults hadan overall behavior characteristically below the national level.They performed atypically farther from the national level onExercise U417 that required recognizing which topic in an indexcomes first in a book.

The Western, Central and Northeastern young adults had medianeffects of 1.5, 3.0 and 2.5; respectively. The overall behaviorof all three groups tended to be above the national level. Noneof the groups had any atypical behaviors.

Sex

Men and women had median effects of -0.6 and 0.6, respectively,and the overall behavior of both tended to be about the same asthe national level. However, men performed atypically high andwomen performed atypically low on Exercise U417 that requiredrecognizing which topic in an index comes first in a book.

Color

Black young adults had a median effect of -18.5 and an over-all behavior characteristically below the national level. Theyhad no atypical behaviors.

White young adults had a median effect of 2.3 and an overallbehavior characteristically above the national level. They hadno atypical behaviors.

Parental Education2

With a median effect of -5.4, the no high school group hadan overall behavior characteristically below the national level.They had no atypical behaviors.

The some high school group had a median effect of -1.7 andan overall behavior tending to be below the national level. Theyhad no atypical behaviors.


98

J

The graduated from high school group had a median effect of2.8 and an overall behavior that tended to be above the nationallevel. They had no atypical behaviors.

With a median effect of 7.6, the post high school group hadan overall behavior characteristically above the national level.They had no atypical behaviors.

Size of Community3

With a median effect of -2.8, the big city group had anoverall behavior that tended to be below the national level. Theyhad no atypical behaviors.

The small place and medium city groups had median effects of-0.2 and -0.1, respectively. The overall behavior of both groupstended to be about the same as the national level. Neither grouphad any atypical behaviors.

With a median effect of 2.2, the urban fringe group had anoverall behavior that tended to be above the national level. Theyhad no atypical behaviors.

* * *

The data for each released exercise representing referencematerials are presentedirragfollowingsmanner. The upper partof the left page shows the exercise number and age level. Thenthe exercise is shown as it appeared to the respondent exceptthat the correct answer is indicated. The percentage of youngadults choosing each answer is also shown.

The exhibit on the lower part of the page shows the nationalpercentage of success and the percentage of success for eachgroup both tabularly (leftmost column of figures) and graphically(horizontal bars). The second column of figures on the left sideof the exhibit shows the effects for all groups with asterisks(*) indicating those that are reliably different fromaggatiOnalpercentage of success. The effects can also be seen graphically.Note the vertical dashed line descending from the end of thenational percentage bar. This allows a visual 'comparison of eachgroup percentage of success with the national percentage of success.

3See the General Information Yearbook, Chapter 3 (Report 02-GIY)for definitions of the size of community groups.

99

The right page again gives the exercise number and age level.It also gives the objective and major subobjebtive for which theexercise was written and a brief description of the exercise withunusual or interesting responses pointed out when appropriate.

100

;

RELEASED EXERCISES

101

, t,

Exercise 412 -- Adult


Ask the first to questions and record the main points of his

responses.)

41201

94.21

41202

87.51

First ask: "What is a dictionary?"

(Dictionary: "A book that tells you what words mean.""A book that tells you how to use words.")

Then ask: "What does the word 'define' mean?"

(Define: To give the meaning of words," or"To'tell what the word means.")

(If the student defines both words correctly, read A-E to him andrecord his answers, even if he cannot do some or all of the tasks.If he cannot define one or both of the words, give him the defini-tion(s), using the dictionary and showing him a word and itsdefinition if necessary, then continue with A.

If he answers A, either correctly or incorrectly, continue withB-E. If he cannot answer A, g Mis the definition(s) once moresand repeat A. If he then answe s A, either correctly or incor-rectly, continue with B-E. If stops workingeencourage him tocontinue. If he still cannot answer A, discontinue, explain thesituation in A, and go to the next exerc117.7-------

402 0119 1/2

% 0?enter_

15..4912080

G90nPprIcT

R10300R0

0P022

86.'7 NATIONAL

UWE91.9 -5.0 Southeast88.2 1.3 Vest04.9 3.0 Central86.0 -0.9 northeast

fl94.2 -2.8 Male89.6 2.6 Female

C.21e2174.0 Black88.6 1.7 Vhite

PHILITil-DSSRME82.5 vo High School85.2 -1.7 Some High School89.7 2.8 Graduated High Sch.92.9 6.0 Post High School

94.1 -2.e2111-111-210-21ITI

Dig City86.7 -0.2 Small Place88.2 1.3 Medium City89.2 2.2 Urban Fringe

41203

96.71 words defined on thatOpen the book to page 15 and tell me any three

page.

41204

93.21

41205

98.0%

41206

Z6.911

41257

1. /1,J 0.,;?24.)32. 63.,,,ca,..6 /A.}3. /1/44. f#ifd

Tell ma the last word defined in the 'I," section.

Tell me the number of the last page in thedictionary.

48-2,

Tell me the number of the page on which you canfind out t%st the word "bake" means.

71:31 me the word which is defined just before theacrd "house" and the word which is defined justafter the word "house.*

Just before94.71

Just after

1208

86.91 All five parts correct (41203-07)


all around, allspice, allude, allure, allusion, ally,aluminum, alma stater, almanac, almighty, almond, almost,alms, alms house, aloe, aloft, aloha, along, alongside,aloof, aloud, alp, alpaca, alpha, alphabet

9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCENTAGES 0! SUCCESS


0 10 20 30 . SO 50 60 70 80 90

1

102

1

1

11

Ise

1

1

1

f

fee

fef

100

Exercise 412 --

Overlaps: Ages


Adult

9, 13 and 17

Use what is read.Obtain information efficiently.

For this exercise, young adults were given an actual diction-ary and then were asked to find a number of things in it. Onpart 41203, 97% could give at least three words listed on page 15.On part 41204, 93% could give the last word (python) defined inthe "P" section. On part 41205, 98% could give the number of thelast page in the book. On part 41206, 97% could give the numberof the page where they could find out what the word "bake" means.On part 41207, 95% could give the words defined just before andjust after "house." Eighty-seven percent were correct on all fiveparts (41208). The exhibit on the opposite page pertains to thepercentages of young adults in the various groups who were correcton all five parts (regarded as success on this exercise).

103


(Give the student a copy of the TV schedule and say to him,"Mere is part of a TV Guide you might find in a newspaper. Afteryou have read it Ilmirlak you some questions about it. Youmay look at the schedule as many times as is necessary to answerthe questions.")

2:00 p.m. al Super Mutt - Cartoons

t)'*7 Or Are174.1 de le led 04.4

h 0-77 .0771.174-

re s Sric iir13

84.22 (ZZeiOof :to (16.4

Adapted from TV CuideeMagasine. with permission.

A05 12 3/1 01t413010 814300110 9 13 17 A

MAMMAL AND 0200P PLICENTAM Ot SUCCESS

% OP

In-

94.2

4701Poust---

IMAM0 10 20

NATIONAL

PERCISTA02 OP SUCCESS

30 40 SO 60 70 110 90 100

1/212175.1 -8.1. Southeast81.090.4

-3.24.2

WestCentral e

87.9 3.7 wortheast1

1

83.1 -1.02f1

Hale85.1 1.0 Female S.

1

1

55.1 -19.2. 81sct 1

af.S 2.3 White 11

1

iiiI/211-14221I12! 1

77A -6.6. Mo High School97.1 -0.0 Some High School96.1 1.9 Graduated High Sch. 191.7 7.6 Post High School

1

ILOALS21a2f12174.8 -7.4. Sig City 1

87.5 3.3 Small ?lace 182.4 -1.8 Medium City 1

AS.? 1.0 Urban ?ring. S.

104

41202

Nat'l IChoosingEach Answer

9.16 (=> Yes

67.66 MO No

2.29 C: I don't know.

0.91 No response

If you watched the entire Novi*. could youalso see the entire provost about the SanDip° Soo?

A06 12 S/1 02.4111020 1103006e 1) 17 A

aATIOSAL AMA Met PLOCISTACTS OP SOCCISS

1 10 MVP tliCtOTASS 00 SOCCUSMUSS

97.6

IMO..

11111111-------2/21!0 1! 20 30 40 070SO 'GO

MATIOM

90

1

1

1

MI TI76.1 -6.5 Sootheast 1

41.5 1.6 Vest gee91.3 3.6 Central 113.2 1.1 I'

1

1

11.7 0.,III

MateI

1$7.o -0.1 female 4

I

ICOM I

72.1 -15.64 M et I

43.1 2.3. elate tI

I

211:1111 WPM 1

13.2 -4." Oo Shim Scseel1

S5.1 -2.6 Sow -'lick Scheel1

10.4 2.$ 0c ***** es Nigh Sch. geeWS.) 7.1 test Nigh Scheel t

1

1

;Ts! Iv colisolutx 1

1101 0.5 Sig City toSc., -O.! Ssall place t417.4 0.1 Wise City t

1.6 Urban fringe f105

90t

o6 *60104 tamp 1 Alt3 lamb

So. it3o141 ttovO A173 bIl

InlinC3,-1121

4 IeR4v6 1070 11104 '000 1013 )110100 L't 646

or, 1111 L6

1.0- L441 611- tOR

1 .tt ToolaS SOTO toot OC- Oft

I Tooll:S lillo oo S- Ill I 11151445u6g-2i3 liii 1

I

A6 /

/

/

1

6 ellie4 IVO VOR e otos 94:. nill, 1 !IV I 1

Joolt losolittob .4' *6 ..4 . team* t VIII of tato S't ZOft I totositos t.'Zt. ttt. I ge!Sit 1

1

& .4. 10602400 - 6V o o

06 06

OL OS OS OR Ot Ot 01 0

11111 CI! S'01- td.

16:53

"IIIIIItE 152111 tlInat 0003350 JO 3O1I533184 400o 4. %

0113360 AO 02014083080 4000: 060 10060000

V LI CI 6 0140(016 0E006E1.0 1/1, *I %et

vied 40:c iv &mulatto t to "1 vo polott VO21103011 tow ov amp st £jM

41301

At what time are the cartoons shown?

93.7% pg%Pe)00./77.

416 12 8/1 01.0411040 R10300.0 9 13 17 A

4 OpS.CcEsS

93.7

MOP0PErgy


PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESS'a+ ARV _mu

0 10 20 30 40 9070 806050

NATIONAL

Frial

100

9I

1

1

16.5 -7.2' Southeast 1

94.3 0.7 Vest I

94.9 1.2 Central Vs94.6 2.9 Northeast f

91.4 -0.3 Rale 9

94.0 0.3 Female 9

CQjiOR74.9 -18.9. Black96.3 2.6 Vhite 9.

PARENTAL 000;4110N95.9 -4.8. No High School91.1 -0.4 Some High School 9

95.6 1.8 Graduated Nigh Sch. IC99.1 6.4 Post Nigh School 1.

210_2P COUNUNII/11.9 -2.8 Big City99.0 1.4 Small Place IC92.5 -1.1 'tedium City94.3 0.6 Urban Fringe 9

107

41305

Nat'l 4 How lone ts the program on Channel 6 atChoosing 3:00 p.s..7Each Answer

10.54

80.411

1.94

0.54

5.84

0.94

G: 30 minutes

IMO 60 minutes

G: 90 minutes

G: 120 minutes

C7) I don't know.

No response

405 12 10/1

t r

02A411050 81030060

69098

9 13 17 A

AATIOIAL AND GROUP PUCEATAGES OT SUCCESS

PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSsurcep zugcl 'AMBLE CA098

0 10 20 30 50 60 70 60 90 100

90.4 NATI14AL 0

HMI76.1 -4.3 Southeast94.4 4.0 vest 1.79.9 -0.5 Central 980.4 -0.0 so:tkeast 9

21.%79.9 -0.6 Pale t31.0 0.6 female 9

1

1

ONN5r.9 -14.6. Slack

1

82.1 1.7 White g1

2_ , tDOCATT0,41

1710 -9.3. No High School 1

82.0 1.6 Some High School p.83.5 3.1 Gratuatel High Sch. 199.1 8:9 Font High School 4 9

2111..'2E-co'AilLIIII78.2 -2.3 eiq city

I78.6 -1.8 Small Place

1

83.5 3.0 Median City gee.84.7 4.2 Urban fringe g

108


0.8% No response


2.1% 1 part correct





The exhibit below pertains to the percentages of youngadults in the various groups who answered correctly onall five parts.

A06 128 1/2 15.8413060 E1000030 9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AND GIOUP PEMENTAGES Of SUCCESS

S OP 0100? PERCESTAGE OF SUCCESSsuccus nrrta TI MANES cactt.

62.1 SATIOvAL

enGxos

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 00 90

51.5 -10.8. Southeast65.2 2.9 vest tee64.5 2.1 Central 964.7 Northeast tee

21162.4 0.1 vale67.2 -0.1 Female

33.7 -23.7. Slack65.5 3.1 White

tom tit AM M

1p

48.1 -14.0. No Nigh SchoOof61.9 -0.4 Some Nigh School65.4 3.1 Graduated Nigh Sch. tee31.7 17.4 Post Itigh.School

SIZE OF COIROWPIIISi.7 -3.6 Wig City60.6 -1.7 Small Place64.0 1.7 tedium City t.

69.0 6.7 Urban Fringe

109

100

r


Overlaps: Ages 9, 13 and 17


This exercise asks for a variety of information one mightfind in a TV Guide. On part 41301, 84% of young adults were ableto recognagria-the word I Repeat( meant that "Children'sVariety" was being run for at least a second time. On part41302, 88% could tell that if they watched the entire movie, theycould not also watch the entire program about the San Diego Zoo.On part 41303, 89% could tell that no new program was listed onChannel 4 at 3:00 p.m. because a baseball game on that channellasted until 4:00 p.m. On part 41304, 94% could give the time(2:00 p.m.) that the cartoons are shown. On part 41305, 80%could tell that the 3:00 p.m. program on Channel 6 lasted 60 min-utes. Sixty-two percent of young adults responded correctly onall five parts (41306).

110

JCHAPTER 7

AGE COMPARISONS

Chapters 3-6 have been comparing the percentage of successfor each group with the national percentage of success withineach age level. When an exercise has been administered at morethan one age level, we can compare the percentage of success fora given group at one age level with that group's percentage(s) ofsuccess at the other age level(s) to determine the percentageincrease or-percentage decrease between one age level and the nexthigher age level. We can also determine the overall or net per-centage increase or percentage decrease between the lowest agelevel and the highest age level when more than two age levels areinvolved.

We compare the percentages of success for 9, 13 and 17-year-olds and young adults (26-35) all obtained at the time of the1970-71 assessment. Therefore, we are not justified in assumingthat four years later, the 9-year-olds (for example), when theyare 13-year-olds, would necessarily attain the same percentagesof success as the 13-year-olds in the 1970-71 assessment. Like-wise, we are not justified in assuming that four years earlierthe 13-year-olds, when they were 9-year-olds, would have neces-sarily attained the same percentages of success as the 9-year-olds in the 1970-71 assessment. This is because the experiencesbetween age 9 and age 13 could be quite different for the 9-year-olds and the 13-year-olds in the 1970-71 assessment. Thesestatements generalize to the comparisons we make between any twoage levels.

For each exercise, an exhibit shows the percentage of successfor each group at the relevant age levels, the percentage dif-ference between each'adjacent pair of age levels and (when appli-cable) the percentage difference between the lowest age level andthe highest age level. For example, look at the Northeast regionat ages 9, 13, 17 and adult for Exercise 41208.

111

AgeLevel

Percentageof Success

PercentageDifference

Northeast 9 39.713 84.5 9-->l3 44.817 90.4 13-->17 5.9Ad 86.0 17-->Ad -4.5

9-->Ad 46.3

We see that the percentage of success for 9-year-olds was 39.7and for 13-year-olds was 84.5 with a percentage difference goingfrom age 9 to age 13 of 44.8. Likewise, the percentage of successfor 17-year-olds was 90.4 with a percentage difference going fromage 13 to age 17 of 5.9; and the percentage of success for adultswas 86.0 with a percentage difference going from age 17 to adultof -4.5 (a percentage decrease). The net percentage differencegoing from age 9 to adult was 46.3. When a percentage decreaseoccurs, it is indicated by a minus sign (-) as in the examplejust shown. The bars on the graph portion of the exhibit alsoindicate the percentages of success for the groups at each agelevel. A dashed vertical line descends from the end of eachnational percentage bar. This allows a visual comparison of agroup's position relative to the national level from age level toage level.

Special note should be made of the White space between theend of each bar and the 100% vertical line. This white spacerepresents the percentages of individuals who did not succeed onan exercise at each age level. This white space or percentage offailure must be taken into account when we consider the percent-age increase from one age level to the next. Consider the fol-lowing examples:

1. If the percentage of success for a group at age 9is 20 and the percentage of success for that groupat age 13 is 50, the percentage increase is 30.On the face of it this seems like a reasonablylarge increase, but 50% of the 13-year-olds stillfailed.

2. If the percentage of success for a group at age 9is 95 and the percentage of success for that groupat age 13 is 99.5, the percentage increase is 4.5.On the face of it, this seems to be a smallincrease. However, only 5% of the 9-year-oldsfailed, therefore, there could not be a largeincrease going to age 13.

3. An exercise may be extremely difficult for bothage levels under consideration in which case wewould expect a small or no percentage increase.

112

Of the released exercises representing reference materials;four were administered to 9 and I3-year-olds; six were adminis-tered to 9, 13 and 17-year-olds and young adults; and four wereadministered to 13 and 17-year-olds.

113

Exercise 406 -- Ages 9 and 13

What is the BEST way to find out if there is something about

Eskimos in a book?

Nat'l tChoosingEach Answer

Age 9 Age 13

48.4% 67.9% elle Look in the index.

10.0% 7.9% C:) Look in the glossary.

20.3% 7.6% G: Look at the title page.

9.0% 2.6% C: Look through all the pages.

9.3% 12.8% C.) Skim through the introduction.

2.9% 0.2% (7.) I don't know.

0.2% 0.9% No response

Q

106 12 3/1 0144406013 80030090 9 13T12 12 3/1 01.14 406013 80030090 9 13

4

NATIONAL

AGELE/11,

9

PERCENTAGEOF SUCCESS


PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESS/ammo',

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

48.41

NATIONAL 13 67.9 9-->13 19.51

1

RIGION 1

Southeast 9 38.0 1

13 63.9 9-->13 25.9 t

Vest 9 49.4 t13 66.6 9-->13 17.2 t

Central 9 51.3 113 69.4 9-->13 18.1 t t

Northeast 9 52.9 fee.

13 71.1 9-->13 18.3 t 1.1

rn1

1

Male 9 46.6 1

13 65.0 9-->13 18.3 t

Female 9 50.1 113 70.8 9-->13 20.7 t f

114

1106 12 3/1 0141406013 80030080 9 13T12 12 3/1 01106013 10030080 9 13

NATIONAL AND GBOUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

AGE PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESSISM 2: SUCCESS DIPTIEEECI

0 10 20 30 0 50

NATIONAL 9 48.4 01

NATIONAL 13 67.9 9--)13 19.5 01

I

COLOR I

Black 9 30.4 I

13 50.6 9-->13 20.1 toWhite 9 51.8 to.

13 70.9 9-->13 19.1 0

1

I

?ARUM EDUCATIO! I

No High School 9 42.1 I

13 55.5 9 - - >13 13.4 0

Some High School 9 41.9 I

13 63.6 9-->13 21.7 t

Graduated Nigh Sch. 9 6.3 I

13 66.8 9-->13 20.5 0

Post High School 9 58.0 0

13 75.0 9-->13 17.0 0

I

SIZE-END-Ma I

08 c088UNIE/ I

Extreme Diner City 9 25.0 I

13 61.4 9-->13 36. 0

Extreme 'oral 9 37.8 I

13 60.3 9-->13 22.6 0

Small City 9 51.7 foe

13 69.1 9-->13 17.4 t

Medium City 9 6.8 I

13 62.0 9-->13 15.2 t

Rest Of Big City 9 46.9 I

13 65.9 9-->13 19.0 t

suburban Pringle 9 54.9 tease

13 68.6 9-->13 13.7 t

Extreme Aff Suburb 9 57.5 t

13 8.2 9-->13 26.6 4 0

60 70 80 90 100

115

11

Exercise 406 --


Ages 9 and 13

Use what is read.Obtain information. efficiently.

While this exercise asks for the best way to find out ifthere is something about Eskimos (not necessarily as the maintopic) in a book, the question could be generalized to any topic.Forty-eight percent of 9-year-olds and 68% of 13-year-olds cor-rectly responded "Look in the index"--a 20% increase from age 9to age 13. This means that more than 30%. of 13-year-olds failedto demonstrate knowledge about how to find a given topic in abook.

116




Age 9 Age 13

If you had to tell your class about windmills,which of these would be the BEST book to use?

5.8% 2.4% CD An atlas

26.2% 6.0% (7_, A dictionary

57.4% 89.5% 41111 An encyclopedia

3.8% 0.5% (7_, The Yellow Pages in the telephone book

6.2% 1.4% C: I don't know.


907 03T13 02

3/1 0341408013 800300803/1 0341408013 80030080

AGE PERCENTAGELIFE, OF SUCCUI

9 139 13


PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE 01, SUCCESSDIFFERENCE

0 1! 20 3! 50 60 70 60 90 100440

4 4. 4. 4. 4. 4.

NATIONAL 9 57.4 t

1

NATIONAL 13 89.5 9-->13 32.1 fa.. t

1 1

I 1

RPGION 1 I

Southeast 9 47.6 1 1

13 89.3 9-->13 41.7 9 9

West 9 50.4 1 I

13 87.4 9-->13 37.0 9 I

Central 9 62.1 1.0.0I

13 91.4 9-->13 29.3 9 1Northeast 9 66.5 9 I

13 89.8 9-->13 23.3 9 9

1

1

ax 1

Male 9 56.7 9

13 87.6 9-->13 30.9 t

Female 9 , 58.2 113 91.2 9-->13 33.0 t to

117

007 03 3/1 0342008013 10030000 9 13

913 02 3/1 03x408013 10030000 9 13

NATIONAL AID C10010 PUCIPTAGIS Of RICCISS

0.01

LIMPERCENTAGESIF SOCCISE

PERCENTAGEDIff11111C1

111C2111161 of SUCCESS

10 20 30 70 SO 90 1004: 50 600

IIAT1000L 9 57.4 9

NATIONAL 13 89.5 9-->13 32.1 9I

1

=IBlack 9 36.5

t

I

13 80.2 9-->13 43.7 1

Vhit4 9 61.7 113 91.1 9-->13 29.4 1

1

212/i21; IDUMI2210 Mich School 9 44.1 1

13 81.3 9-->13 37.2 1

S044 Nigh School 9 52.7 I

13 84.1 9-->13 31.4 tor,

Graduated Nigh Sch. 9 54.6 1

13 91.0 9 - - >13 36.4 I yo

Post Nigh School 9 71.3 g

13 93.8 9-->13 22.41 lpee.

fpl-100-711,1

1

1

Of CONNOPITI 1

!strove Inner city 9 39.9 1

13 78.5 9-->13 30.6 l

!Iacono local 9 49.0 1

13 87.4 9-->13 38.4 f

small City 9 51.8 1

13 88.3 9-->13 36.4 l

Mediae City 9 55.4 1

13 90.6 9-->13 35.3 g

lost Of Big City 9 60.3gee

13 91.3 9-->13 31.0 l fSuburban Fang* 9 65.0 1

13 90.9 9-->13 25.9 1

Extreme Aff Suburb 9 75.5 1

13 94.4 9-->13 11.9 1p4,00

118

Exercise 408 --


Ages 9 and 13


This exercise asked which of the several reference sourceslisted would be the best to use if one wished to find out aboutwindmills. Fifty-seven percentof 9-year-olds and 90% of 13-year-olds correctly said an encyclopedia--a 33% increase from age 9 toage 13. Of the 10% who failed at age 13 most (6%) said a diction-ary, which was a quite popular response at age 9 (26%).

119

Exercise 409 -- Ages ; and 13

Mad the question and fill in the oval beside the correct answer.

Nat'lChoosingEach Answer

Jte9

%

La! 13

3.1%

1.9%

If you like books which are NOT about people. whichone of the following would you read?

C.) The Jazz Man4.6%

4.1% C: Johnny Tremaint

13.34 11.11 alp All about Elephants

1.7% 3.7% C.) Who's in Charge of Lincoln?

5.7% 2.6% C.7.) I don't know.


400 03 3/1 03 %409011 11000000 9 13701 01 3/1 03 r409011 111000010 9 13

NATIGNAL AND COOOP PERCENTAGES OF SIMMS

ACVLIIIL

F4CENTAGE2: 12SSI22

PERCENTAGEppri/011cl

0 10 20. .

PERCENTAGE OF SOCCESS

30 40 50 60. .

70 b0 90. 4

RATIONAL 9 73.3 /

NATIONAL II 66.0 9-->13 14.8 t F 9I I

I 1

Southeast 9 66.2 . 0

I I

13 88.4 9-->I3 20.2 / 1Nest 9 73.5 F $

13 86.6 9.-413 13.1 * 40,I

Central 9 72.4 / I

13 66.1 9-->13 15.7 t tNortheast 9 77.5 I

1

Is 69.1 9-->13 11.6 e, t

I 1

1 1

221 hale 9 71.1I

I

I

1

13 66.6 9-->13 15.5 / 1

Female 9 75.4 tt

13 09.6 9-->13 14.1 9 6'

120

10A

1108 03 3/1 03E409011 81000080 9 13T01 01 3/1 031409011 R10000R0 9 13


AGEum PERCENTAGEOE SUCCE22

PERCENTAGED/FURTNCE

0 10 20


30 40 50 60 70 80 90

NATIONAL 9 73.3 V

1

NATIONAL 13 88.0 9-->13 14.8 V

1

1

COLCR 1

Black 9 58.6 1

13 80.9 9-->13 22.2 8

White 9 75.8 v..

13 89.3 9-->13 13.5 4;0411

rttMALEDUCATION1

1

No High School 9 63.5 1

13 80.8 9-->13 17.3 4 t

Some High School 9 73.7 V*

13 94.0 9-->13 20.3 V 111Graduated High Sch. 9 73.4 V

13 87.4 9-->13 14.0 V

Post High School 9 :9.9 V

13 90.3 9-->13 10.3 V re1

SIZE-AND-TEP4 1

OF CONEUNITI 1

Extreme Inner City 9 55.1 1

13 84.2 9-->13 29.1 V

Extreme Rural 9 60.4 1

13 86.0 9-->13 25.6Small City 9 72.1 1

13 88.0 9-->13 15.9 V

Medium City 9 75.3 two

13 89.3 9-->13 13.2 , V

Rest a Big City 9 80.6 V

13 87.4 9-->13 6.9 ?

Suburban Fringe 9 78.6 rpm13 87.0 9-->13 8.4 V

Extreme AV Suburb 9 77.5 'mem

13 93.7 9-->13 16.3 V less

121

100




Seventy-three percent of 9- year -olds and88% of 13-year-oldswere able to say that if they wanted to read a book NOT aboutpeople, they would read All about Elephants. This represents apercentage increase of 15 from age 9 to age 13. Perhaps thosewho failed at both age levels were confused by the negativephrasing of the question.

122

Exercise 411 -- Ago. 9 and 13



names?


Mel Age 13

2.1% 0.2% C: Jackson and Jacobs

3.0% 0.8% C.) Jacobs and James

20.0% 8.8% CD Janes and Johnson

62.5% 86.3% AO Johnson and Judson

3.0% 3.0% (7.) Judson and Justus

8.4% 0.3% (7.) I don't know.


09 08 3/1 04.1411013 10030010 9 13T11 15 3/1 0451411013 10030010 . 9 13


AGEInn

PERCENTAGEOP SOCCES*

PERCENTAGEDIPPLIZOCt


10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

NATIONAL 9 62.5 tI

NATIONAL 13 86.3 9-->13 23.1 tI

I

I

SostImast 9 55.6 I

13 03.9 9-->13 28.3 t

vest 9 59.8 I

13 80.0 9-->13 28.1 t C..Central 9 66.6 gee. 1

13 MO 9-->13 22.4 g 'SO

Northeast 9 66.4gee.

13 03.7 9-->13 17.3 tI

1

I

gals 9 58.2 I

13 84.1 9-->13 25.9 t

Penal. 9 66.6gee.

13 88.4 9-->13 21.8 t1.

123

809 08 3/1 04/411013 10030080 9 13T11 15 3/1 0/11013 80030080 9 13


AG?1111(,


PERCENTAGEDIFFERENCE


30 40 50 60 70 80 900 10 20

NATIONAL 9 62.5 V

I

NATIONAL 13 86.3 9--)13 23.8 f

I

I

COLO! I

Black 9 90.0 I

13 74.1 9--)13 24.1 VWhite 9 65.2 top

13 88.5 9--)13 23.3 t

1

I

PAWENIAL EDUCATION I

No High School 9 42.3 I

13 79.7 9--)13 37.4 VSome High School 9 62.4 V

13 83.9 9--)13 21.6 VGraivated Nigh Sch. 9 67.7 v.

13 97.6 9--)13 20.0 V VPost Nigh School 9 73.1 V

13 90.2 9--)13 17.1 meI

522,-8.18-11P0 1

1or comeusITyExtreme Inner City 9 41.5 I

13 83.0 9--)13 41.5 VExtreme Rural 9 66.4 emu,

13 82.9 9--)13 16.4 VSmall City 9 57.4 I

13 89.3 9 --)13 31.9 V 1000Radium City 9 62.8 t

13 86.8 9--)13 23.6 tRest Of Big City 9 61.9 I

13 79.2 9--)13 17.3 VSuburban Fringe 9 75.9 V

13 85.8 9--)13 9.9 t VExtreme Aff Suburb 9 73.0 t

13 88.6 9--)13 15.7 f 9

124

100

Exercise 411 --

Objective III:Subobjective A:

Ages 9 and 13

Use what. is read.Obtain information efficiently.

Here is an exercise on looking up a name in a telephonedirectory. This particular task requires being able to alpha-betize to at least the third letter in the names. Since thethird and fourth answers divide at the name Johnson, 9 and 13-year -olds had to recognize that Jon...as in Jones comes afterJoh...as in Johnson, not ahead of it. Sixty-three percent of9-year-olds and 86% of 13-year-olds succeeded. However, 20% of9-year-olds and 9% of 13-year-olds said Jones would come betweenJames and Johnson. Apparently, they did not carry their alpha-betization far enough.

125

Exercise 412 Ages 11, 13. 17 and Adult


Ask the first two queetione and record the main points of his

reeponses.)

41201

m12 Asa 13. m2.12 Adult first asks 'what is a dictionary?

77.30 92.40 94.70 14.20

'(Dictionary, 'A hook that tell.you what word. mean.'

'A hook that tell.you how to um. word...)

41202

Then asks 'What doe. the word'define' mean?' o'

17.4% 76.0$ MS% 07.3%

"(Define: 'To give the meaning ofwords.' or

To tell what the word...ma.)

(If the student defines both words correctly. read A-6 to himand record his answer., even if he cannot do some or all of thetask.. If he cannot define one or both of the word., give himthe definition(e), using the dictionary and showing him a word andits definition if neceesary, then continue with A.

If he answer. A. either correctly or incorrectly, continue withA-6. If he cannot answer A, give EU the definition(e) once moreand repeat A. If he than answer. A, either correctly or incor-rectly, continue with 0-6. If he etope working. encourage himto continue. If he still cannot answer A. discontinue. explainthe situation in A. and go to the next exerce-ric71-

41203ATLI AOa U N..11 Adult Open Na book to page 10

and tell me any three words91.34 97.20 96.1% 94.7% defined on that page.'

1. ,IftZ;Z /1//lue./7.%;

2. 1:1 _4i /.e,

41204

3. jayA"2,1,44..gagfr

fella* the last worddefined in the ." section.

33.00 91.40 94.34 93.2%/12146('i'J

4120S Tedme the nuaber of thelast page in the dictionary.

92.9% 97.0% 90.0% 96.0% LIZ41206 Tell Si the number of the

page on which you can findout what the word 'bake'

71.20 03.20 97.00 94.1%

41207 Tell me the word which isdefined just before the word'house' and the word whichle defined just after theword 'house.'

43.40 95.0% 06.04 04.7%

4120636.70 62.6% 01.64 114.11%

Just before

Just after

All five paste correct(41203-07)

'Other Acceptable word.allure. allusion, ally.almighty. almond, almoet,aloha. along. alongside.

alpha. alphabet

al, Around, allepice, allude.aluminum. alma meter. almanac,aloe. alms house, aloe. aloft,aloof, aloud, alp, alpaca.

010 020 1/2 1541412080 R1030000 9 13 17 AT15 02B 1/2 1541412080 81030010 9 13 17 AS12 026 1/2 15e1412080 81030080 9 13 17 AA02 010 1/2 1541412060 81030080 9 13 17 A


AGE PERCENTAGE PZ10ENTAGE PERCENTAGE OP SUCCESSLIM gr SUCCESS DIFFERENCE

70 80- 90 1000 10 20 30 40 50 60

NATIONAL 9 38.7

NATIONAL 13 82.8 9-->13 44.1t

NATIONAL 17 91.8 13--,17 9.0

NATIONAL Ad 86.9 17 - -)Ad -0.9 to.

9--)Ad 48.2

42GIONSoutheast 9 38.2

13 81.3 9-->13 43.117 90.1 13-->17 8.9Ad 81.9 17--)Ad -8.2 I

vest 9 32.013 83.0

9--)Ad 43.7

9 - -)13 51.0

I

I I

I.f I.

17 90.8 13--)17 7.0Ad 88.2 17--)Ad -2.6

9--)Ad 55.8 I I I

Central 9 02.913 82.2

vow,9--)13 39.3

I I I

f I I

17 90.9Ad 89.9

13-->17 12.817--)Ad -5.0

...5P4","1"soweerpoloo

9--)Ad 47.0 )

Northeast 9 39.7 I I

13 80.5 9--)13 44.8 I' I

17 90.0 13--)17 5.9 tufo.Ad 86.0 17--)Ad -4.5

9 - -)Ad 46.3

2.11Rale 9 35.5

13 78.0 9--)13 42.917 90.2 13--)17 11.6 0.05000

Ad 80.2 17--)Ad -6.1 f I9 - -)Ad 48.7 I

Female 9 02.213 86.717 93.0

9--)13 44.613-3,17 6.7 V

I I

1.41foefoopp.

Ad 89.6 17--)Ad -3.89-)Ad 47.4 I I I

126

810 028 1/2 1502412080 81030010 9 13 17 A

T15 02B 1/2 15,02412080 210300110 9 13 17 A

S12 028 1/2 1502412080 81030080 9 13 17 A

102 018 1/2 1502412080 81030080 9 13 17 A

NATIONAL IND GROUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

NATIONAL

AGEIsuy

9

PERCENTAGEOP SUCCESS


0 10, 20


30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

38.7

8TI4VAL 13 82.8 9-->13 44.1 V

NATIONAL 17 91.8 13-->17 9.0 8 I

NATIONAL Id 86.9 17-->d -4.9 894,4,

9-->A6 48.2

COLORBlack 9 21.9

13 72.9 9-->13 51.0 V

17 81.9 13-->17 9.0 9

Id 74.0 17-->Ad -7.8 8

9-->d 52.2 I

Vhite 9 41.8 913 84.7 9-->13 42.9 9 917 93.1 13-->17 8.4 9 900 00Id 88.6 17-->18 -4.5 8 900

9-->96 46.8

EIMAL 2DUCATIO8NO High School 9 31.5

13 73.9 9-->13 42.5 9

17 86.8 13-->17 12.8 8 99Id 82.5 17-->16 -4.2 9 V I

9-->Ad 51.0 I I I

Some High School 9 27.6 1 I I

13 79.1 9-->13 51.5 9 I I

17 86.8 13-->17 7.8 9 1,009

Ad 85.2 17-->d -1.6 9 919-->Ad 57.7 I I I

Graduated High Sch. 9 40.9 I I

13 B3.7 9-->13 42.8 V V. I

17 92.5 13-->17 8.9 9 999Ad 89.7 17-->d -2.8 8 991

9-->Ad 48.8 I I I I

Post High School 9 47.9 8 I I I

13 89.3 9-->13 41.4 9 90090

17 94.9 13-->17 5.6 9 999id 92.9 17-->Ad -2.0 V 999

9-->d 45.0 I I I

NATIONAL 9 38.7 9

I

NATIONAL 13 82.8 9-->13 44.1 V

I

NATIONAL 17IS 92.4 13-->17 9.6 V

9-->17 53.7 I

I

2'11E-AND-TYPE I

OF c08804I44 I

Extreme Inner City 9 23.5 /

13 77.4 9-->13 53.9 917IS 86.6 13-->17 9.2 V

90009-->17 63.1 I

Extreme Rural 9 34.2 I

13 83.1 9-->13 48.9 91708 91.7 13-->17 8.7 9

9-->17 57.6 I

Small City 9 35.5 I

13 79.3 9-->13 43.8 9

17IS 92.1 13-->17 12.8 V

9-->17 56.6 I

Medium City 9 36.0 I

13 80.9 9-->13 44.9 9

12I5 91.5 13-->17 10.5 9 V

9-->17 55.5 I

Rest Of Big City 9 41.5 roe

13 84.0 9-->13 42.6 9 V1715 94.0 13-->17 10.0 9 V

9-->17 52.5 I

Suburban Fringe 9 45.7 9

13 66.1 9-->13 40.4 9 ro17IS 92.8 13-->17 6.7 V V

9-->17 47.1 I

Extreme Aff Suburb 9 52.5 9

13 90.4 9-->13 37.9 9 V

17IS 96.9 13-->17 6.4 9 V

9-->17 44.4 I

127

Exercise 412 -- Ages 9, 13, 17 and Adult

Objective III: Use what is read.Subobjective C: Obtain information efficiently,

For this exercise, 9, 13 and 17-year-olds and young adultswere given an actual dictionary and then were asked to find anumber of things in it. On part 41203, 91%, 97%, 98% and n7% ofindividuals at the respective age levels could give at leastthree words listed on page 15. On part 41204, 53%, 91%, 96% and93% of individuals at the respective age levels could give thelast word (python) defined in the "P" section. On part 41205,93%, 98%, 99% and 98% of individuals at the respective age levelscould give the number of the last page in the book. On part41206, 71%, 93%, 97% and 97% of individuals at the respective agelevels could give the number of the page where they could find outwhat the word "bake" means. On part 41207, 65%, 95%, 98% and95% of individuals at the respective age levels could give thewords defined just before and just after "house." At the fourage levels, respectively, 39%, 83%, 92% and 87% of individualsanswered all five parts correctly (41208). The exhibit pertainsto the percentages of 9, 13 and 17-year-olds and young adults inthe various groups who responded correctly on all five parts.

128

Exercise 411 -- Ages 9. 11. 17 and Adult

(Give the student a copy of the IV schedule and say to him.'Here is part of TV guide you might find in a newspaper. Afteryou have read it. I will ask you some questions about it. Youmay look at the schedule as many times as is necessary to answerthe questions.)

2100 o.m. 111 Super Mutt Cartoons

ti--)exti.er..z/ de/el/eel

but b' e.v.y.- '47 ii>4-

17.39 617.49 111.99 94.29 7AA,"

Adapted free IV Guideenagazine. with permission.

411 02 3/1 011413010 R10300R0 9 13 17T02 15 3/1 011413010 R10300R0 9 13 17 A506 16 3/1 01.1413010 R10300R0 9 13 17 A106 12 3/1 011413010 R10300R0 9 13 17 A

AGEIns.

PERCENTAGEOF SUCCE§S

NATIONAL AND GROUP

PERCENTAGEPILTERegl

0

PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS


10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

NATIONAL 9 37.3 f

NATIONAL 13 68.4 9-->13 31.1 1 9

NATIONAL 17 83.9 13-->17 15.5 f

1

NATIONAL Ad 84.2 17-->Ad 0.3 f 99-->Ad 46.9

I

1

1

HEM 1

Southeast 9 36.3I

13 59.6 9-->13 23.3 117 76.6 1I-->17 17.0 fAd 76.1 17-->Ad -0.5 f

9-->Ad 39.8 I

West 9 34.1 I

13 70.2 9-->13 36.1 f.44,0 fe17 79.9 13-->17 9.8 f ,

Ad 81.0 17-->Ad 1.1 9.0 99-->Ad 46.9 I

Central 9 40.0 fee13 74.9 9-->13 34.9 9 1....17 88.6 13-->17 13.7 /Ad 88.4 17-->Ad -0.2 i feet

9-->Ad 48.4I

Northeast 9 37.5 r13 68.0 9-->13 30.5 917 87.3 13-->17 19.3 / 1.1.1

Ad 87.9 17-->Ad 0.6 9 ',OM*

9-->Ad 50.4 I

I

I

StXI

Male 9 33.6I

13 63.4 9-->13 29.8 f17 82.1 13-->17 18.7 fAd 83.1 17-->Ad 1.0 f

9-->Ad 49.6 I

Female 9 41.2 roe.13 73.7 9-->13 32.5 f17 85.7 13-->17 12.0 f 1*Ad 85.1 17-->Ad -0.5 / f

9-->Ad 43.9 I

129

N11 02 3/1 01X413010 01030080 9 13 17 A

T02 15 3/1 01X413010 810300110 9 13 17 A

S06 16 3/1 01X413010 81030080 9 13 17 A

A06 12 3/1 011413010 01030000 9 13 17 A


AGEInn

PERCENTAGEOF SUCC1§2

PERCENTAGEPIPPeAtIgl

0 10 20


30 40 50 60 70 80 90

NATIONAL 9 37.3 f

I

NATIONAL 13 68.4 9-->13 31.1 f

I

NATIONAL 17 83.9 13-->17 15.5

NATIONAL Ad 84.2 17-->Ad 0.39-->Ad 46.9 1

1

COLORBlack 9 26.6

13 46.3 9-->13 19.7 f17 59.2 13-->17 12.9 f

Ad 65.0 17-->Ad 5.8 S9 - - >Ad 38.3 I

White 9

1339.072.9 9-->13 33.8

tof

f17 97.0 13-->17 14.1 f

Ad 86.5 17-->Ad -0.5 f9-->Ad 47.5

4IIIIETAL EDICATIONNo High School 9 28.2

13 51.4 9-->13 23.2 f17 67.8 13-->17 16.4 fAd 77.6 17-->Ad 9.8 f

9-->Ad 49.4 I I

Some Higa School 9 36.5 f 1

13 59.6 9-->13 23.1 f 1

17 78.9 13-->17 19.3 f

Ad 84.1 17-->Ad 5.3 ie9-->Ad 47.6 I 1

Graduated High Sch. 9 35.3 1

13 70.5 9-->13 35.2 f to17 82.6 13-->17 12.1 f

Ad 86.1 17-->Ad 3.5 f

9-->Ad 50.8 I

Poet High School 9 44.5 f 1

13 78.0 9-->13 33.6 f

17 90.8 13-->17 12.8 fAd 91.7 17-->Ad 0.9 f

9-->Ad 47.2 1 1

NATIONAL 9 37.31

NATIONAL 13 68.4 9-->13 31.11

NATIONAL 17IS 84.8 13-->17 16.49-->17 47.5

I

SIZE-AND-TYPE I

2i_c0nn0mm I

Extreme Inner City 9 25.6 I

13 54.4 9-->13 28.7 f1715 80.4 13-->17 26.0 f

9-->17 54.8 I


13 56.7 9-->13 22.6 f1715 82.6 13-->17 25.9 f

9-->17 48.5 1

Small City 9 35.6 1

13 67.1 9-->13 31.5 f1715 84.6 13-->17 17.5 f

9-->17 49.0 I 1

Medium City 9 40.3 11

13 70.0 9-->13 29.7 f to1715 79.9 13-->17 9.9 f

9-->17 39.6 I 1

Pest Of Big City 9 36.3 1 1

13 72.8 9-->13 36.5 f1715 90.8 13-->17

9-->1718.054.5

f

1 1

Suburban Fringe 9 40.0 e1

13 71.6 9-->13 31.6 f f1

1715 87.9 13-->17 16.3 f f9-->17 48.0 I 1 1

Extreme Aff Suburb 9 44.3 f 1 1

131715

76.388.1

9-->1313-->17

32.011.8

f

f

I

fee9-->17 43.8 1 1 1

130

100

41302

Nat'l t If you watched the entireChoosing movie, could you also seeEach Answer the entire program about

the San Diego Zoo?hall Age 13 N. 17 Adult

41.51 22.41 11.89 0.11 C: Yes

48.11 72.11 84.79 87.81 No

9.51 4.41 2.81 2.2% C: I don't know.

1.01 1.21 0.81 0.01 No response

1111 02 5/1 0201413020 11030010 9 13 17 A!02 .15 5/1 02.0413020 11030010 9 13 17 A

506 16 5/1 0241413020 81030080 9 13 17 AA06 12 5/1 02s1413020 R1030080 9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AND ORM IIIRCIVTAUS 0? SIMMS

408Ism

PIRCINT1108pr amass

?MUM!pqrsattpu

PINCENT408 OP SOCCISS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 $0 90 100

1Narrow. 9 48.0 t

I

NATIONAL 13 72.1 9-->13 24.1 9 9

I 1

NATIONAL 17 84.7 13->17 12.6

NATIONAL Ad 87.8 17->A11 3.1 9 9 I0-->Ad 39.8

I

I

Hobo I

Southeast 9 41.4 I

13 62.0 9-->13 20.6 V

17 74.0 13-->17 12.0 V 900

Ad 78.3 17-->Ad 4.3 9 9

9-->Ad 36.9 i IVest 9 47.3 1 I

13 71.4 9-->13 24.2 9 t

17 84.6 13-->17 13.1 9 9 9

Ad 80.4 17-->Ad 4.8 0 9 9.99-->Ad 42.1 I I I I

Central 9 51.2 9 I I I

13 72.8 9-->13 21.7 9 9s I I

17 88.5 13-->17 15.7 9 9 909.Ad 91.3 17-->Ad 2.8 9 9 9.9

9-->Ad 40.2 I I I I

Northeast 9 50.4 9 I I I

13 81.7 9-->13 31.4 9 0 I I

17 88.3 13-->17 6.6 9 9 M.Ad 89.2 17-->Ad 0.0 9 V M.

9-->Ad 38.8 I

I

I

I

Rale 9 49.1 9

13 70.1 9-->13 21.0 917 83.7 13-->17 11.6 9 V V

Ad 88.7 17-->Ad t.0 9 V 0119-->Ad 39.6 I I I I

Tamale 9 46.9 I I 1 1

13 74.2 9-->13 27.1 9 9I I

17 85.6 13-->17 11.1 t V Vol

Ad 87.0 17-->Ad 1.3 V 9 0809-->Ad 40.1 I i I i

131

N11 02 5/1 02.1413020 111030060 9 13 17 a

T02 15 5/1 02.0413020 111030010 9 13 17 A

S06 16 5/1 02e1413020 1110300110 9 13 17 A

106 12 5/1 02e1413020 61030010 '9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AND ClOOP PENCtNTACI1S OP SUCCESS

ACEilin

PERCENTAC922-sucval

PENC2NTACtDIZI1/1/0

o

PtICENTACE 01, SUCCESS

10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100

14TIONAL 9 48.0 t1

14TIONAL 13 /2.1 9-->13 24.1 9

1 1

NATIONAL 17 84.7 13-->17 12.6 f

I 1

XATIONAL Ad 87.8 17-->161 3.1 P

9-->Ad 39.8 1

1

Black 9 36.413 49.9 9-->13 13.1 to17 62.5 13-'17 12.7 f

Ad 72.1 17-->Ad 9.6 f9-->Ad 35.7 I

White 9 11.9 I13 76.7 9-->13 26.8 f

17 87.5 13.-417 10.8 f 151Ad 90.1 17-->Ad 2.6 f

9-->44 40.2

E1/12/11.-11=511Q/50 oioa school 9 40.0

1317

55.573.8

9-->1313-'17

15.518.3

f

f 1..

ad 83.2 17-->Ad 9.4 t

9-->ad 43.2 1

Some High School 9 49.3 I

13 70.6 9-->13 22.3 f

17 79.4 13-->17 8.9 f

Ad 85.3 17-->ld 5.8 f to9--,ad 36.9 I

Crilduated High Sch. 913

49.474.0 9-->13 24.6

1f 1

17 85.9 13-->17 12.0 f f.Ad 90.6 17--,ad 4.6 f I.

9--,ad 41.2 1 I I

Post Ho School 9 51.4 vimI I

13 80.6 9-->13 29.1 t I

17 90.3 13-->17 9.8 f 1010Ad 95.0 17-->Ad 4.6 f f.f

9 ->ld 43.5 I I I

1ATIONAL 9 48.0 f1

NATIONAL 13 72.1 9-->13 24.1 f

I

NATIONAL 1715 85.5 13-->17 13.4 t

9-->17 37.5 1

I

III1:1112:112/ 1

21-211511.1/1 1

trtreme Inner City 9 42.1 1

13 61.3 9-->13 19.3 f

1705 78.3 13-->17 17.0 f

9-->17 36.3 I I

txtremo Novel 9 36.7 1

13 56.2 9-->13 21.5 t1719 83.7 13-->17 25.5 f

9-->17 47.0 1

Small City 9 45.2 . 1

13 68.P 9-->13 22.6 p

1715 82.1. 13-->17 14.0 9

9-->17 37.5 1

tedium City 9

13

45.474.2 9-->13 26.8

I

f 1..

1715 82.4 13-->17 8.2 f

9-->17 37.1 I

Rest Of Dig City 9 57.6 t13 81.2 9-->13 23.6 9

171S 90.3 13-->17 9.0 f

9-->17 32.6 1

Suburban ?tinge 9 51.7 I13 78.0 9-->13 26.3 f

17IS 88.6 13-->17 10.6 f

9-->17 36.9 I

11treme Aff Suburb 9 58.6 f

13 77.7 9-->13 19.1 e1715 94.0 13-->17 16.3 f

9-->17 35.4 1

132

Mb

41303

Why is there no new programlisted on Channel 4 begin-

hal_l Age 13 Age 17 Adult rang at 3:00 p.m.?

44.01 69.01 84.21 6S.8% ,,,,,....,.r.,...,z,.,,. zy .. ,

1111 02 6/1 01sX413030T02 16 6/1 01'1413030NO6 16 6/1 010X413030A06 12 f/1 01I413030

P1030000 9 13 17 A81030010 9 13 17 A11030010 9 13 17 A01030010 9 13 17 A

OSTIONAL AND GROUP PiNCENTAUS Of SOCCUS

er

...

ActLIM.

NERCNNTAG:0* soci122

PENCLINIO2=MO0 10

PilCiNTAGZ OF SOCCTSS

20 30 11 SO 60 704,

SO 9: 100.

NATIONAL 9 41.0 fI

NATIONAL 13 69.0 9-->13 25.0 1 tI I

442204AL 17 64.2 13-->17 15.2 1

I

fI

fI

sATIOVAL 84 89.9 17-->A4 1.6 f f 1409 ....444 11.7 I

1

1

Mill! I

Southeast 9 36.0 I

13 51.6 9-->13 15.7 f

17 70.9 13-->17 19.2 f 'O.Ad 76.1 17-->8d S.2 f f

9-->8d 10.1 I Ivest 9 39.5 I

13 71.7 9-->13 35.2 t 'I****

17 93.2 13-->17 11.5 t Ih4 90.2 17-->A4 7.0 f V 'OW

9 -->A4 50.11 I I I I

Central 9 19.7 tees.I I I

13 75.1 9-->13 25.7 f V I I

17 49.3 13--417 13.9 f f sow*Ad 91.6 17-->Ad 2.3 f f fee's*

9-->Ad 11.9 I I I I

Vortheast 9 47.6 leeI I I

13 73.4 9 -- >13 25.6 t seeI I

17 99.1 13-->17 15.7 f I too,

Ad 92.9 17-->8d 3.6 f t 'solos*

9-->Ad 45.3 I

I

I

211 I

Male 9 43.9 t13 61.7 9-->13 20.9 t t17 81.2 13-->17 16.1 f 001A4 89.2 17-->114 7.0 f t 144,

9-->A4 ee.s I I I I

Female 9 41.2 t I I I

13 73.6 9-->13 29.1 f 1,11411,0I I

17 67.2 13-->17 13.6 t I ,001

84 89.3 17 - - >Id 2.1 f I 'OW9-->Ad 15.1 I I I I

133

41IMO

III 02 6/1 0111413030 11030010 1 13 17 11

T02 IS 6/1 01411413030 11030010 1 13 17 A

S06 16 6/1 01.'1413030 11030010 113178606 12 6/1 01.'1413030 11030010 1 13 17 11

011TION6L AND 411001 1PC2NTAC1S Op ScatSS

ACA12/11

TICCOTACT9 soccts1

flICLATACTUtIlliiii

0 to 20 30

ftICTATACt or socctss

40 SO 60 70 PA 90 100

$11110111. 0 44.0 f 1

111TIONAL 13 61.0 25.0

VITIOSAL 17 14.2 13.-717 15.2

11111006L 86 MO 17-7AS 4.6 f 1 01.-7611 44.7

Val!Heck 9 21.6

13 41.2 1.-713 12.317 61.1 13-717 20.6A4 70.2 17-.7611 1.4 .41 1*

1--7611 41.3 1 1

Mate 1 47.0 1

13 74.7 1-713 27.7 leo..., lees.

17 $7.2 13717 12.4 vregt.. gm,

A4 11.0 17...7611 3.1 11. vie es

9.-764 44.0 I I

XIIINIAL ADOCCIIINe Nigh Scheel 9 22.1

13 42.7 1.-713 20.417 6L.7 13.-717 23.1AA 13.3 17-.7114 16.7

1.-71111 61.0Sou Nigh Scheel 9 45.3 t

13 SA. 13.3 OOOOO OM*I I

17 70.S 13.-717 11.1 11/00V000 I

84 ASA 17.7611 7.3 f ********** 44t1OOf f.

1..71111 40.5 I I I

Cr 444444 4 Nigh Sch. 1 42.0 I I I

13 73.0 1..713 31.0 0 lee. I

17 16.1 13.-717 13.1 0 9 les

Ad 10.S 17..764 3.6 9 9 ol,1.611 41.S I I I I

rest Niek Scheel 1 S1.1 f I I I

13 79.1 9.713 21.0 I f 1 1

17 10.4 13717 10.6 9 9 .g14 11.2 17-.714 7.1 9 9 f,

1-744 46.3 I I I I

SIITIOSAL 0 44.0 t

I

NATIONAL 13 69.0 0-.713 25.0 I'0

I I

NATIONAL 17IS 115.1 13.-717 16.1 g

1 -717 41.1

Int-avo-tits2LS.211191121

txtreme Inner City 1 34.113 41.3 1.-713 15.2 lose

17IS 74.7 13.-717 2S.S rm.1717 40.7

fitting Petal 1 32.113 46.S 1.713 13.6 fl 1

171$ 73.1 13-717 27.4 11-.717 41.0

Snell City 1 43.113 660 1-.713 22.S1715 13.1 13-717 16.7

9 .717 31.2 I 1

Nedir.gity 113

42.470.S 1..713 21.1 f

IV°

171$ $1.S 13.017 11.01-717 31.1

t fI

lest Of sit City 1131725

44.761.612.4

0.713 24.113.-717 22.6

t I0 V0 t

1.717 47.7 1

Soloed:4n fringe 1 S4.713 71.0 1.-713 24.3171$ 10.3 13..717 11.3 V

1717 35.6:strew Aft War! 1 47.4 l

13 $2.0 9--)13 34.617IS 17.1 13.-717 15.1

1-.717 41.7

134

41304

At what time are the cartoonsAge 9 Age,13 Age 17 Adult shown?

73.1% 84.4% 92.0% 93.7% ,,;?:010/3,171.

34

411 02 8/1 01I413040 R1030000 9 13 17 AT02 15 8/1 01I413040 81030080 9 13 17 AS06 16 8/1 01X413040 81030080 9 13 17 AA06 12 8/1 01I413040 81030080 9 13 17 A


AGE PERCENTAGEmossin



20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000 10

NATIONAL 9 73.0

NATIONAL 13 80.0 9-->13 11.3

NATIONAL 17 92.0 13-->17 7.7I I

NATIONAL Ad 93.7 17-->Ad 1.6 ,...l9 -- >Ad 20.6

grGiosSoutheast 9 68.5

1317

71.787.7

9-->1313-->17

3.216.1 v

Ad 86.5 17 - - >Ad -1.2 9..

9-->Ad 18.0Nest 9 70.0

1317

89.089.8

9-->1313-->17

19.00.0 v...

Ad 90.3 17-->Ad 0.69-->Ad 20.0 I I I

Central 9 75.7 V*I I I

13 89.9 9-->13 14.117 90.7 13-->17 4.8Ad 90.9 17-->Ad 0.2

9-->Ad 19.1 I I I

Northeast 9 76.1 V*I I I

13 85.8 9-->13 9.8 V I I

17 90.1 13-->17 8.2 ,. ..l.,

Ad 96.6 17-->Ad 2.69-->Ad 20.6

21.1Male 9 72.9

1317

81.389.9

9-->1313-->17

8.08.6 v

Ad 93.0 17-->Ad 3.5 V

9-->Ad 20.5 I I I

Female 9 73.2 V I I

13 87.6 9-->13 10.0 V v.I

17 90.2 13-->17 6.6Ad 90.0 17-->Ad -0.2

9-->Ad 20.8 I I I

135

41305

Nat'l %ChoosingEach Answer How long is the program on

Channel 6 at 300 p.m.?Age 9 Age 13 Age 1" Adult

17.1% 14.8% 9.3% 10.5% CD 30 minutes

58.9% 60.5% 69.4% 80.4% ISO 60 minutes

8.2% 2.9% 1.2% 1.9% CD 90 minutes

2.1% 1.0% 0.3% 0.5% CD 120 minutes

12.2% 14.8% 13.9% 5.8% CD I don't know.

1.5% 6.0% 5.9% 0.9% No response

611 02 10/1 02E413050 61030060 9 13 t7 AT02 15 10/1 024E413050 61030060 9 13 17 A506 16 10/1 024E413050 61030010 9 13 17 A106 12 10/1 024E413050 81030060 9 13 17 A

NATIONAL AND GIMP PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS

AGELEVEL




20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900 10

NATIONAL 9 58.9 I

1

NATIONAL 13 60.5 9-->13 1.6 StII

NATIONAL 17 69.4 13-->17 8.9 PP V

I1 1MIMI Ad 80.4 17-->Ad 11.0 ft f9-->Ad 21.5 II

II

II

51EGION II

Southeast 9 57.7 II13 49.0 9-->13 il

17 56.9 13-->17 II

Ad 76.1 17-->Ad 19.2 IP row..

9-->Ad 18.4 11I

Vest 9 53.7 II I

13 65.1 9-->13 11.4 11 f17 0.0 13-->17 4.9 PP tAd e... 17-->Ad 14.4 ft P

9-->Ad 30.7 II 1

Central 9 61.9 59 I

13 64.1 9-->13 2.1 11050 ,

17 74.6 13-->17 10.6 tt fAd 79.9 17-->Ad 5.2 tt t

9-->Ad 17.9 II I

Northeast 9 60.5 tt I

13 63.4 9-->13 2.9 ff I

17 72.2 13-->17 8'8 tt Iwo

Ad 80.4 17-->Ad 8.1 ft V9-->Ad 19.9 II

II

II

II

Male 9 59.0 PI13 55.6 9-->13 -3.4 II

17 64:8 13-->17 9.2 flee*

Ad 9.8 17-->Ad 15.0 tt9-->Ad 20.8

Female 913 65.8 9-->13 7.0 9,17 74.0 13-->17 8.2 tt two.

Ad 81.0 17-->Ad 7.1 5t9-->Ad 22.3

137

100

$11 02 10/1 0241413050 01030000 9 13 17 A

702 15 10/1 0241103050 01030080 9 13 17 A

S06 16 10/1 0241413050 81030080 9 13 17 A

A06 12 10/1 0241413050 81030000 9 13 17 A


AGEIIVEI,

PERCENTAGE2P SOCCES*

PERCENTAGEDIPPIRISCE


04

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 804

90 100

NATIONAL 9 58.9 t

NATIONAL 13 60.5 9-->13 1.6

I

ftII

RATIONAL 17 69.4 13-->17 8.9 ftII

NATIONAL Al 80.4 17-->id 11.0 ft

9-->id 21.5 II

II

II

COLOR II

Slack 9 40.7 II

13 19.4 9-->13 -1.3 II

17 43.8 13-->17 4.4 II

Ad 65.8 17-->id 22.1 um.9-->id 25.1 II

nits 9 62.2 ft"13 64.9 9-->11 2.6 fir

17 72.6 13-->17 7.8 ll

Ad 82.1 17-->id 9.5 11

9-->id 19.9 II

II

II

PAN4STAL 'DUCAT/04II

No Nigh School 9 49.0 II

13 43.6 9 - >13 -5.4 II

17 55.0 13-->17 11.4 II

Ad 71.1 17-->id 16.1 tt

9-->id 22.1 II

Sone !Ugh School 9 55.1 II

13 4^ 9-->13 -7.0 II

17 64.4 13-->17 13.6 11Ad 82.0 17-->Ad 19.4 9? 1

9-->Ad 26.0 II

Graduated Nigh Sch. 9 61.0 1113 63.4 9-->13 2.4 11417Ai

73.083.5

13-->1717-->Ad

9.610.5

tt 9II 9

9-->id 22.6 II

Post Nigh School 9 64.1ft

13 69.1 9-->13 5.0 fr17 75.2 13-->17 6.1 tt v.Ad 89.3 17-->Ad 14.1 tt

9-->id 25.2 ti

NATIONAL 9 58.9 tI

NATIONAL 13 60.5 9-->13 1.6 11II

RATIONAL I7I5 70.0 13 - >17 9.5 ll

9-->17 11.2 It

II

SIZE-AID-ME II

OF cORRURITTII

Extreme Inner City 9 06.2 It

13 45.9 9-->13 -0.3 II

1715 52.4 13-->17 6.6 II

9-->17 6.2 II

Extreme Rural 9 50.7 II

13 52.4 9-->13 1.7 II

1715 62.2 13-->17 9.7 99"9-->17 11.5 II

Small City 9 60.9 1113 58.9 9-->13 -2.0 Pt

1715 67.1 13-->17 8.2 ft

9-->17 6.2 II

Bedlam City 9 61.9 11.

13 62.8 9-->13 0.8 ft"1715 70.2 13-->17 7.5 ft

9-->17 8.3 II

Rest Of Rig City 9 53.6 II

13 52.6 9-->13 -1.0 II

1715 75.6 13-->17 23.0 ll

9-->17 22.0 II

Suburban Fringe 9 58.2 11

1317/S

66.674.9

9-->1313-->17

8.58.3

ftft *

1.9-->17 16.8 If

2...rese Aff Suburb 9 71.0 ft p.

13 69.0 9-->13 -2.1 tt

17I5 82.0 13-->17 13.0 ft *

9-->17 11.0 II

138

Exercise 413 --


Ages 9, 13, 17 and Adult


This exercise asks for a variety of information one mightfind in a TV Guide. On part 41301, 37%, 68%, 84% and 84% ofindividualT7E-Mg respective age levels were able to recognizethat the word 'Repeat meant that "Children's Variety" was beingrun for at least a second time. On part 41302, 48%, 72%, 85% and88% of individuals at the respective age levels could tell thatif they watched the entire movie, they could not also watch theentire program about the San Diego Zoo. On part 41303, 44%, 69%,84% and 89% of individuals at the respective age levels could tell

- that no new program was listed on Channel 4 at 3:00 p.m. becausea baseball game on'that channel lasted until 4:00 p.m. On part41304, 73%, 84%, 92% and 94% of individuals at the respective agelevels could give the-time (2:00 P:m.) that the cartoons are shown.On part 41305, 59%, 61%, 69% and 80% of individuals at therespective age levels could tell that the 3:00 p.m. program onChannel 6 lasted 60 minutes.

139



Any attempt to label an entire generation is unrewarding, and

i77.4e,,e0,-;0.-/ eft, /) d.re's14% CY/194.4

young generation has done that continually6; early youth.'

Nat'l IChoosingEach Answer

Age 13 Age 17Where would you MOST likely find this paragraph?

13.2% 4.9% (:) In the encyclopedia

38.7% 67.1% 4 In a collection of essays

2.0% 1.1% (:) On a sports page

36.81 21.1% C:) In the Dictionary of American Slang

9.0% 5.1% (:) I don't know.


"This is the Beat Generation,' The Character of Prose, ClellonHolmes, reprinted by permission of the New York Times Company.

701 09SO8 11

4/1 02011415011 R10000R04/1 02*11415011 RI0000RO

13 1713 17

RATIONAL ASO GROUP PERCENTAGES OP SUCCESS

AGE PERCESTAGE PERCENTAGE PERCEOTAGE OP SUCCESS

mu 0? SUCCESS DIFFERENCE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

RATIONAL 13 38.7 4

1

CLITORAL 17 67.0 13-->17 28.41

REGIONSoutheast 13 35.3 1

17 59.6 13-->17 24.3Vest 13 38.9

17 69.7 13-->17 30.8 1.Central 13 40.8 44 1

17 72.2 13-->17 31.51,0011.0

Portbeest 13 39.1 F"

17 65.2 13-->17 25.8

2111

Male 13 34.417 64.4 13-->17 30.3

Female 13 43.14

17 69.3 13-->17 26.2 I140

201 09 4/1 02.1415011 91000080 13 17

SOB 11 4/1 ovIniscil 81000080 13 17


AGELIME;

PERCENTAGEOr SoOcrso

PERCENTAGEUPPEOrfgz

o 10 20


30 5040 60 70 80 90 100

NATIONAL 13 38.7 l

I

NATIONAL 17 67.0 13-->17 28.4 8 8

I

I

C0004 I

Flack 17 70.9 I

17 49.0 13-->17 18.1 8

Vhite 13 40.0 y17 69.9 13-->17 29.9 8 1

1

PARMILEDUCAT IO N

1

I

no High School 13 29.7 I

17 42.7 13-->17 13.0 ?Some High School 13 34.2 I

17 55.3 13--> s 21.1 8

Graduated High Sch. 13 36.2 I

17 69.1 13-->17 32.8 8 R.

Post High School 13 46.4 8 I

17 76.5 13-->17 30.1'.

8 8

NATIONAL 13 38.7 8

I

NATIONAL 17IS 68.0 13-->17 29.3 8 8

I

ELMIND-T7PE I

OF COII.NUNITY I


1715 49.8 13-->17 10.8 8


1715 63.5 13-->17 28.6 8

Small City 13 36.5 I

17IS 69.6 13-->17 33.1 8 ye

Medium City 13 39.6 FR I

17IS 69.1 13-->17 29.5 8 8

Rest Of Big City 13 45.7 8 I

17I5 68.3 .13-->17 22.6 l 1'

Suburban Fringe 13 40.6 FR I

17I5 70.2 13-->17 29.6 T T.

Extreme Aff Suburb 13 38.1 8 I

17IS 74.7 13-->17 36.6 l loom.

141

Exerdise 415

Objective I:Subobjective

-- Ages 13 and 17

Comprehend what is read.C: Read paragraphs, passages and longer works.

This passage discusses the meaning of the word "beat" asused in the "beat" generation. Thirty-nine percent of 13-yer-olds and 67% of 17-year-olds recognized that the passage wouldmost likely be found in a collection of essays--a 28% gain fromage 13 to age 17. At both age levels, most of those who failed=-37% at age 13 and 21% at age 17--thought it would be found inthe Dictionary of American Slang.

142




Art 54 People 37

Books 82 National 11

Business 71 Press 66----- -Cinema 81 Science 51

Education 38 Sports 60Law 52 Television 45

Medicine 59 Theater 64

Music 46 World 24

42001

Nat'l %ChoosingEach Answer Under what heading would you look to locate the

reviews of a current movie?Age 13 Age 17

26.3% 61.7% 4111! Cinema

2.6% 0.8% C: Business

54.2% 30.7% C.) Theater

12.7% 5.6% Television

3.3% 1.1% C.) I don't know.


T10 04S08 08

3/1 01 3420010 810300803/1 01.01420010 810300110

13 1713 17

NATIONAL AND GROUP PERCINTAGES OP SUCCESS

AGE PERCENTAGE PERCIMITAGE PIRCENTAGE OP SUCCESSInn OP SUCCESS OftillENCI

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

NATIONAL 13 26.3

NATIONAL 17 61.7 13-->17 35.4

1

REGION 1

Southeast 13 19.2 1

17 46.6 13-->17 27.4 tNest 13 28.1 foe

17 65.9 13-->17 37.8 ef IrCentral 13 28.7 tee

17 65.4 13-->17 36.6 t too.Northeast 13 28.9 f

17 67.0 13-->17 38.1 t 'SOW&I

I

I

Wale 13 28.1 fee17 60.9 13-->17 32.8 t

Female 13 24.6 I

17 62.5 13-->17 37.9 t f

143

100

510 18 3/1 011.1420010 R1030080 13 17508 08 3/1 01m1420010 R1030080 13 17


AGELrin


PERCENTAGEDIPPERENO

0

Al. Al.

10 20 30Al.


40 50 60 70 80 90

NATIONAL 13 26.3 9I

NATIONAL 17 61.7 13-->17 35.4 f

I

1«22121 I

Black 13 13.8 I

17 32.8 13-->17 18.9 tWhite 13 29.0 fsm

17 66.0 13-->17 37.0 f

I

I

Eerail_LinaTIONo High School 13 13.3 1

17 33.7 13-->17 20.4 t

Some High ool 13 16.3 I

17 46.7 13-->17 27.3 i

Graduated High ,ch. 13 24.9 I

17 63.8 13-->17 38.9 f fPost High School 13 34.7 t

17 72.7 13-->17 38.0 i

NATIONAL 13 26.3 i

I

NATIONAL 17IS 62.8 13-->17 36.5 f

I

SIZIZAI2=lin I

Or connumill I


17IS 44.6 13-->17 26.8 i


17IS 54.5 13-->17 35.4 i

Small City 13 25.1 917IS 57.8 13-->17 32.7 i

Medium City 13 24.1 I

17IS 64.4 13-->17 40.3 i

Rest 1f Big City 13 20.2 I

17IS 66.5 13-->17 86.8 f

Suburban Fringe 13 32.9 t

17IS 67.9 13-->17 35.0 t fs...

Extreme Aff Suburb 13 39.3 t

17IS 79.7 13-->17 40.5 i

144

100

1

42002

Nat'l 11ChoosingEach Answer On which page would you find science

news?Age 13 Age 17

0.611 0.211 CD 37

94.911 95.711 IGO 51

1.011 0.711 CD 64

1.311 0.411 CD 81

1.511 1.311 CD I don't know.

0.711 1.711 No response

T10 04 4/1 0X420020 R10300R0 13 17S08 08 4/1 02PX420020 R10300R0 13 17


AGEInn


PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSDIPPERME

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

:

100

NATIONAL 13 94.9 1

1

NATIONAL 17 95.7 13-->17 0.8 II11

11

LESION II

Southeast 13 90.9 II

17 92.7 13-->17 1.8 II

West 13 96.5 11's

17 96.3 13-->17 -0.2 IFCentral 13 96.6 Ift

17 95.6 13-->17 -1.1 IFNortheast 13 95.5 IF

17 97.8 13-->17 2.3 11*II

II

211 11

Male 13 93.0 II

17 94.4 13-->17 1.4 11Female 13 96.7 }is

17 97.0 13-->17 0.2 11*

145

J

1

T10 04 4/1 0211420020 410140P9 13 17SO8 08 4/1 0200420020 81030040 13 17


AGE

LULLPERCENQAGE2z succuz

PERCENTAGELIZZALCHZ


10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8C 90 100

NATIONAL 13 94.4 9

I

NATIONAL 17 95.7 13-->17 0.8 99II

IIOM' II

Black 13 85.4 1117 86.5 13-->17 1.1 II

Vhite 13 96.8 99/17 07.1 13-->17 0.3 t9

II

II

Z1212.42111DUCATI21 I INo High School 13 86.5 II

17 86.3 13-->17 -0.2 I IS4.40 High School 13 96.9 8?'

17 95.0 13-->19 -1.9 99Graduated High Sch. 13 96.4 8?

17 95.9 13-->17 -0.5 8?

Pact gilt: School 11 06.4 99017 44.4 13--)17 1.5 88

NATIONAL 13 94.9 9

84/70gAL 17T9 "48 13-->17 0.9 iiII

1/0-64D-TTQE I I2L.1211d21111 II

Pctrome Inner City 13 92.4 II

17/S 92.4 13-->17 -0.1 HExtreme Rural 13 91.6 1 i

17IS 94.9 13-->17 3.2 9.Small City 13 95.3 if

1715 94.2 13--)17 -1.1 9Iradium City 13 43.8 II

17TS 97.3 13-->17 3.5 8?'

Rest Of Big City 13 97.5 8817/S 97.9 11-->17 0.2 II*

Suburban fringe 13 95.7 1917TS 96.0 13-->17 0.3 99

Extreme Aff Suburb 13 99.0 .900

17/S 98.3 13-->17 -0.8 99"

146

42003


Age 13 Age 17,

Which article would you be MOST likely tofind in this magazine?

12.0% 7.21 C: 'The Life of Lou Gehrie

2.7% 3.0% C: *Mow to become a Golf expert'

6.8% 3.7% C: History of baseball in America"

60.3% 65.1% *Outstanding Sports 2vents of theWeek.

16.8% 16.6% C: I don't know.


710 04$08 08

5/1 04'1420030 810300205/1 04'2420030 11030010

A02 PEICINTA02um sq soccoss

13 1713 17

NATIONAL AND DROOP PSICINTAGIS OP SIMMS

1121C221161 111C802168 or SOCC133prrrtmcg

o 10 20 30 40 5 60 73 80 90:o

NATIONAL 13 60.3tI

NATIONAL 17 65.0 13-->17 4.8 goes

0201011Southeast 13 53.9

17 53.7 13-->17 -0.2Vest 13 59.5

17 65.8 13-->17 6.3 'S..,Central 13 59.1

I17 66.S 13-->17 7.3 "a,'Northeast 13 60.2 tewslo.17 72.7 13-->17 4.5 tosf

221 I

Dale 13 59.6 t17 63.1 13-->17 3.5 Is.

roma. 13 61.0 9'17 67.0 13-->17 6.0 feasts

147

100

T10 04 6/1 04.1420030 81030020508 08 6/1 04.1420030 61030010

402lint 1111=11108OP SOCC851

13 1713 17

SATIOMAt 44D 0100 PtICSOTAOS OP 54CCES5

PI1C1STA01 PLIC81TA01 OP 50=255

21/ZUMS10 10 20 30 50 SO 60 70 80 90

SATIOSAL 13 60.31

01111011AL 17 65.0 13-->17 4.8 ,0

Black 1) 49.017 49.7 13-->17 0.6

Whitt 13 62.8 S11 67.0 13-->17 4.2 '0041

PHELTILLEIS/21.41So Nigh School 1) 39.4

17 49.1 13-->17 9.7Som. Nigh School 1) 54.7

17 53.3 13-->17 -1.5 1

Oraisated Nigh sch. 13 69.9 V

17 64.9 13-->17 5.0 S000Post Nigh School 13 65.9 S

17 74.1 13-->17 8.2 '000,

011110081 13 60.3

YAT1ONAL 1713 65.9 13-->17 5.6 v91

21H:112:T111 1

OP :00804171 1

Istria. 1nnn City 13 63.1 '4141

1703 63.7 13-->17 0.7 'SOOtitre*. Ural 13 51.4 1

1715 02.8 13-->17 11.4 11.5m411 City 13 59.9

1715 59.4 13-->17 -0.SSodium City 13 60.9

1705 64.4 13-->17 3.5 1lest Of Big City 13

172558.763.9 13-->17 5.2 fee.

5sbufban ?ring.

Estrin. Aft Suburb

13171513

1725

61.171.065.278.9

13-->17

13-->17

9.9

13.8

Vf...,....,t1..,

148

100

Exercise 420 --


Ages 13 and 17


This exercise presents a table of contents such as might befound in a weekly news magazine. On part 42001, 26% of 13-year-olds and 62% of 17-year-olds correctly answered that the reviewsof a current movie would be located in the cinema section. How-ever, 54% of 13- year -olds and 31% of 17-year-olds said "theater."On part 42002, 95% of 13-year-olds and 96% of 17-year-olds cor-rectly gave the page where they could find the science news. Onpart 42003, 60% of 13-year-olds and 65% of 17-year-olds correctlystated that, of the titles given, they would most likely find"Outstanding Sports Events of the Week" in a weekly news magazin-.This represents a percentage increase of only 5 from age 13 toage 17. At both age levels, 17% admitted not knowing the answer.

149

*U.S. government Printing Office: 1973-783-504/192 Region 8