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ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT RESUME

SE 057 144

Daynes, BethScience, Discovery & Laughter. Video Guide Book.

Science Club, Issaquah, WA.Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED),

Washington, DC.; Washington Office of the State

Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia.

9437p.Science Club, 55 First Place N.W., Suite 4, Issaquah,

WA 98027 (videotape and booklet: $29.95).

Guides Non-Classroom Use (055)

MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.Demonstrations (Science); Elementary Education;

*Elementary School Science; *Parent Participation;

*Parents as Teachers; *Science Activities; *Science

Instruction

This booklet accompanies a videotape covering the

same material. It is intended as a guide to performing 16 science

demonstrations with young children. Section titles are: "Sur'ce

Tension", "Budding Botanist", "Mystery Matter", "Young Rock Stars",

"What a Gas!", "Zounds...What Sounds!", and "Brrrrr...Cool Science."

Included is a section describing ways to use these experiments.

(MER)

***********************************************************************

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made

from the original document.***********************************************************************

1:r711"

Science, Discovery

LaughterVideo Guide Book

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL AS BEEN GRANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)

2

U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOnce of Ectucahonat Research and improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONkt.CENTER tERICI

tua documnt has Cen reproduced asfccl !tom In O 11f50 or orgsnitabon

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Points of ....or Oofmons stated en this doCument do not necessar..s ,PoreSent ot1.c.a.OERt posoon of 00facy

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

The Washington Superintendent of Public I. . El Superintendente de lnstrucciOn Publica de

Instruction and The Science Club present Estado de Washington y El Club Cientifico presenta

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The video and accompanying manual were developed with fundsgranted by the US Department of Education and the Office of the

Superintendent of Public Instruction, State of Washington,Chapter 2 "20%" innovative projects grant.

Developed and distributed byThe Science Club

55 First Place NW Suite 4Issaquah, WA 98027

(800)391-6939

Every effort has been made to provide descriptions of activitiessafe for elementary children under the supervision of adults.

The creators, producers, participants, distributors and funders ofthis program do not assume liability for injury or loss in connection

with the activities and instructions herein.

4

TABLE- OF odITENTS

II

Attention: SURFACE TENSION YOUNG ROCK STARS riRRRRR ... COOL SCIENCE

Penny Plop 2 Backyard Souvenirs 16 Ice Cube Rodeo 27

More to Explore 3 More to Explore 17 Cozy Cubes 28

Psychic Pepper 4 Creating Craters 18 Ice Cream in a Baggie 29

More to Explore 5 More to Explore 19 More to Explore 30

Color Clouds 6

More to Explore

BUDDING BOTANIST WHAT A GAS! WAYS TO USE

Terrific Terrariums 8 Bottle Belch 20 OUR EXPERIMENTS 31

More to Explore 9 Raising Raisins 21

Sock Walk 10 More to Explore 22

More to Explore 11

MYSTERY MATTER ZOUNDS ... WHAT SOUNDS!

Glop 12 : Straw Toots & Flutes.. 23

More to Explore 13 More to Explore 24

Martian Mud 14 : Concert in a Cup 25

More to Explore 15 More to Exglore 26

,4-kTO

04411101011*. AeumiNehodideigivAlkoiliekAtiaohi

-ATTENTION: SURFACE TENSION.

Make agumdropper:

It's easy!You will need asmall gumdropand a plastic

straw. PresF, thegumdrop into theend of the straw.

It works likean eyedropper!

Just put the straw inthe liquid,

pinch it, and theliquid will riseup the straw.Lift the straw,

stop pinching it,and the liquid

flows out!

PENNY PLOP ...1111110.

How many drops of water will fit on a penny? Find out!

What you need:A pennyWaterEyedropper

or curgumdropper

11

What to do:Make a prediction about how many drops ofwater will fit on your penny before it overflows Usethe eyedropper or gumdropper to carefullyput drops of water on the penny. Count the drops

Turn the coin over and try again Does headsor tails make a difference" Compare the resultswith your original guess Are you surprised?

What to discover:

ANA'The water

molecules atthe surface of

the water form atension because

they are soattracted to one

another and to thewater moleculesunder them Thisis called surface

tension' Thedome of the waterfinally becomes sohigh that the water

molecules can'thold together, and

over they go!

Explore the surface tension in other liquids.Try oil, milk, soapy water. Try different coinsnickels, dimes, quarters. Base your prediction onwhat you've learned from the penny experiment.

Have you ever wondered......why small drops of water are round?

1111.PENNY PLOP / Much more for kids to explore...

Read:The Magic Schoolbus

at the Waterworksby Joanne Cole

Learn more about...MENISCUSMOLECULESSOAP

Try to discover...More about the peoplein tl- e "You can quoteme" boxes

right idea...This is a simple and fun gameto do with your family orfriends. Gather together abunch of pennies. Then fill aglass to the brim with water.Have everyone take turnsslipping a penny into the glassby its edge. Whose penny willcause the water to overflow?Can you guess beforehandhow many pennies it will taketo make the water overflow?

Fun to find out...How is soap made?Why do soap andwater make thingsclean?

Challenge...Water is amazing!Tie a string to a faucet and pullthe string towards the

corner of the sink.Turn on the water.What does the water do?

7

Learn moreabout water...

Using an eyedropper orgumdropper, put dropsof water onto a piece ofwaxed paper Move thedroplets around with atoothpick What hap-pens? Try this withdroplets of water coloredwith different food color-ings.

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111ATTENTION: SURFACE TENSION

Hints:You can

challenge yourchild to use hisor her mind to

control thepepper.

Hold your child'sfinger and touchthe wafer with it.

Nothing happens!Now hold it again,

but this timesecretly have a

little detergent onyour palm andrub it on yourchild's finger.Now try again.

WOW!

PSYCHIC PEPPER1.111101.ry

Concentrate!You can make that pepper move

(...with our secret ingredient).

What you need:Container

like a wide bowlor pie plate

WaterPepperLiquid dish detergent

-.What to do:Fill a bowl or pie plate with water.Sprinkle pepper to cover the surface of thewater. Place a drop of the deter. it in themiddle of the pepper.

What to discover:Observe! Does any pepper sink? Try talcumpowder instead of pepper. Use different brandsof dishwashing soap, or even shampoo. Testthe surface tension in different liquids usemilk or soda pop instead of water.

'1 ?Lei ;

AHAIThe soap has reduced the water's surface tensi.on in the center of theplate by lessening ttr attraction of the water molecules on the surface.

Some soaps contain wetting agents to weaken the surface tension.This helps clean those greasy disks:: 8

Warning:Be sure toshake the

pepper awayfrom your face.

It can irritateyour eyes and

nose.

4

ts.

misissiiiNEINNINiimsPSYCHIC PEPPER / Much more for kids to explore.

"Everybody books"...Many of the books suggestedare called "Picture Books".We like to call them "Every-body Books", because peopleof all ages will enjoy them.

Challenge...Use an index card orheavy paper to makea boat. Cut out a flat

boa with a notch in its stern.Set the boat gently on the water.Can you think of a way to make itmove by using soap, now thatyou've learned about soap's effecton surface tension? Then try usingoil. Does oil work?

You can quote me!'The true worth of an experimenter

consists in his pursuing not only whhe seeks in his experiment, but also

what he did not seek."

Claude Bernard

Fun to find out...Learn about a fascinatinginsect that uses the prin-ciples of surface tension.It's called a water strideror pond skater.

co?Can you do this?Can you make apaper clip tiocIt onthe surface of water?Give it a try!

Observe...Combine waterand oil. Shake.Will it mix?Now add soap.What happens?Try this experimentwith differentbrands of soap.

Lots ofquestions?Design an

investigation tothink of a way tochallenge your

hypothesisBe sure to

vary one thingat a time

Rememberthat your results

might need tobe tested by

someone elseKeep a writtenrecord of yourtesting steps

and the resultsof your

experiments

A II 9

COLOR CLOUDS

111. NIL Mill NI 111111_1111111. NEIL um NM low

What shape do you see in the swirling cloudsof milk and food coloring?

What to do:Pour milk into the plate so it covers the bottom Put4 drops of food colonng into the center of the milk.What do you think will happen when you put a dropof dishwashing liquid in the center of the coloring9Use your eyedropper or gumdropper to add the soapand test your prediction Observel Then add moredrops ot coloring and soap

What you need:2% milk ,Food coloringLiquid

dishwashingsoap ,

Eyedropper orgumdropper

Plate orpie plate What to discover:

Use different brands of dishwashing soapCompare whole milk or nonfat milk with 2% milk.Try it with water or juice Combine different colors.

Bright idea:Secretly put the liquid dishwashing soap in an empty film container.

This adds to the drama of the experiment.Can your child guess what this secret Ingredient is? I 0

Hint:Ask your child totell you what theswirling milk and

food coloringlooks like

siosImaniissilusamissis11.111 COLOR CLOUDS / Much more for kids to explore...

Read...It Looked Like Spilt Milk by Charles ShawThe Cloud Book by Tomie De PaolaColor Dance by Ann JonasMouse Paint by Ellen Stoll Walsh

Imagine...Take an imaginary voyage on acloud. Observe the earth below.What do you see? What coun-tries are you travelling above?What are the people down belowdoing? Write a story or poemabout your adventures.

Classify...Collect items or listthings that are yourfavorite color. Classify them byputting them into groups.

Challenge...Make primarycolored ice cubes withfood coloring and water

red, blue and yellow.What do you think willhappen if you place ared ice cube and ablue ice cube to-gether in a bowl to

melt? Try it and see.Then try other colorcombinations.Record your results.

11

NI AftYou can quote me!

,"Science and art belongto the same world, and

the barriers of nationalityvanish between them."

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Draw...Observe real clouds. Drawpictures of what they look liketo you What would they looklike in different colors?

Take a survey...Ask your family and friendswhat their favorite co,or is.Which color is picked most

often? Make a chart or graphto show your results.

4 ,

.1 (tr:17

TERRIFIC TERRARIUMS

"HYPOTHESIS"A fancy sounding

word for an"educated guess".

Think aboutwhat you want to

test (like thedifference in plant

growth in terrariumswith holes or no

holes) and guesswhat you think isgoing to happen.

Don't worry if thingsturn out differentlythan you thoughtMaybe it will lead

to a new discovery

Hint:The base

of the bottlemay be difficult

to remove at firstJust run warmwater into it to

loosen the glueThen give thebase a twist.

Don't recycle that pop bottle yet.You may be able to grow a garden in it. No Kidding!

What you need:ne liter plastic popbottle (the kind withthe extra plasticpiece as the base)oil

Scissors or a knifeHandful of little rocksSeeds like popcorn,

beans and dandelion:seeds ..

or seeds from fruitsand vegetables

What to do:Remove the base from the bottle by running warmwater into it. Line the bottom of the base with littlerocks for drainage. Fill the base with soil. Plantseeds. Water. Cut the top off the bottle cutright before the curve of the bottle begins. Turnbottle over and fit into base. Put in a sunny place,and watch your garden grow!

What to discover:How many types of seeds can you find aroundyour i<itchen or yard? How fast do your plantsgrow? Measure them daily. Count their leaves.

A RespectFor Lite:

Growing plantsis a great wayfor childrento learn theresponsibility

of caringfor nature.

What happens Ifyou cut holes in one terrarium and not another?

...you use rocks for drainage in one terrarium and not another?you put two terrariums in different locations?

4."

Nip is in11 TERRIFIC TERRARIUMS / Much more for kids to explore...`

Read...Try the following books.

Vegetable Soup by Lois EhlertThis Year's Garden by Cynthia RylantFrom Seed to Pear by Ali MitgutschThe Lorax by Dr. SeussThree Stalks of Corn by Leo Politi

Draw...Put yourimagination towork. Invent aplant. How doesit look? Wherewould it grow?What areits needs?

Act...Add a little drama to your life. Actout the growth of a seed. Will yougrow into a flower, a vegetable, a fruit orsomething else entirely? How do you feel whenit rains or when the wind blows? Choose somefunny music to go with it. Ask your audience tomake appropriate sounds like wind, rain, or avisit from an ant, grasssnopper or bumble bee.

NtroYou can quote mei

"I wanted to knowevery strange

stone, flower, insect,bird, or beast."

GeorgeWashington

Carver

Read biographies about famous folks...A Weed is a Flower: The Life of George WashingtonCarver by Aliki or author Steven Kellogg'sretelling of Johnny Appleseed's life Alsoread about environmentalist Rachel Carsonin one of the many biographies available.

Challenge...Do you need soil to grow a seed?Try using cotton, rocks or just water.

13

Learn moreabout...

BOTANY

MIA nra__Iima_ Aro Arm_ Iwo NMI

ANA!Explodinj seed pods

and parachutes?Did you know that

seeds travel in manyways? Seeds can

travel by air, by water,by people, by animals(and even by sock')

What other waysdo you think

seeds can travel?

Bright IdeaLeave bird

seed out forwinter birds

Read theingredients onthe packageWhat kinds ofseeds are inbird seed?

MOM AMIN_ Ms.& ____JI11_ MENIAL 1111.._ IMMIMMIM

SOCK WALK

Taking a walk can be a growing experience.Here's the perfect solution for those socks without mates.

What you need:A light colored sock

a large size ifpossible

SoilWaterMagnifying lens

if you have oneA place to walk

that has weedslike a garden,empty lot, fieldor park

What to do:Put on the sock OVER your shoe and pant leg.Take a walk in a place with weeds (and seeds)Gently remove the sock Look at the cool thingsyou picked up! Fill the sock with soil Hang it up,or place it in a pan in a sunny locationKeep it moist and watch it sprouti

What to discover:Observe your sock garden. Do all the seedsstart to grow at once'? Look through a plantidentification book. Can you identify any ofthe plants that are growing?

1.1.1,4 t,

Another bright idea...Take a field trip in your socks Take along a pencil and paper for sketching

Draw pictures of what you see, hear, smell, feel, what you enjoyCollect fallen leaves and sort them Make a handprint in the mud

14

What happens...if you put the socks

in different locationsas they grow7if you use different

amounts of water ?if you take several

sock walks in differentlocations, or duringdifferent seasons?

"-""3":777 :r7r7T rtroirmorViik

11111111111111111011SOCK WALK / Much more for kids to explore...

Read...The EyewitnessBook Series: PlantTiny Seed by Eric CadeMiss Rumphius by Barbara CooneyThe Lotus Seed by Sherry GariandThe Big Seed by Ellen HowardThe Plant That Ate Dirty Socks

by Nancy McArthur

TeH a story...Take an imaginary sock walk in a special location.

What kinds of seeds would stick to your sock in a tropical rain forest?Walking through a field in the Midwest? On a hike in the mountains?

Fun to find out...Do you think plants can grow onother planets? Think about whatyou've learned about the needs ofa plant. Then choose a planetto read about perhaps Uranusor Venus. Could a seed growon that planet?

Draw...Draw yoursock fromdifferent views.Try drawing it againin a couple of weeks.Or draw just one seed,observing it in detail.

More challengingquestions...

How are seedlessgrapes grown?Do aquatic plantshave roots?

15

People Seed Treat1/2 cup sunflower seeds1/2 cup peanut butter1/4 cup honey1/2 cup cocoa powder

or instant dry milk

1/2 cup sesame seeds

Mix the first four ingredientsand shape into small ballsSpread the 1/2 cup ofsesame seeds on a sheetof waxed paper. Roll eachball in the sesame seedsStore in the refrigerator

MK MO ANIL_ INNE1 IMIL Alla Ammo. MIN&

Hint!If the GLOP is

still sticky, dip itback into theBorax water

11111,_ &Bail ...Ark Jima Immit, sown- _21amar_

Wm.

GLOP

Arr._

.s

You'll be amazed at how much fun it is to play with this stuff.(But try to give the kids a chance, too!)

What you need:1/4 cup white glue1/2 cup warm water1/2 teaspoon Borax2 clear plastic

glasses or jars2 spoonsFood coloring

0 , Plastic baggieAIMEE or storage

container

What to do:Pour glue into one of the glasses or jars Stir

in food coloring Set aside In the other glass,stir the Borax into the warm water Slowly pourthe colored glue into the glass of Borax andwater Take the GLOP out of the glass andknead Play' Store it in a baggie or container

What to discover:What happens when you stretch itor roll it into a ball . or let it dry out?How does it sound when you bounce it?

---INIt-

"OBSERVATION"A word that

means lookingat something veryclosely and getting

as much informationas possible

Encourage yourchildren to make

observations aboutGLOPI

Observe...what happens

when you firstpour the glueinto the Borax

and water Askyour kids what itreminds them of.

This will helpthem makesense out

of something thatmay

be unfamiliarto them.

SP11111111,110 IIIIII 111 11IIIIII

lim GLOP / Much more for kids to explore....I=

0 " 44Write... ....iaiu:.

III Read... Look on theII Mudworks: Creative Clay, Dough back of the Borax

MN and Modeling Experiences container. Write toby Mary Ann Kohl that address to find

Giant Jam Sandwich by John V. Lord out what Borax is

Ill The Secret Life of School Supplies made of and what'sby Vicki Cobb so special about it.

II111ll

'

111killMI

You can quote me!"I feel a recipe is only a

theme, which an intelligentcook can play each time

with a variation."

Madame Benoit

Learn more about...MATTER

Try to discover......what makes glue so sticky!

Brainstorm...Did you know that there

are a lot of sticky things in nature?How about sap from a pine tree, ora spider's web? How many othersticky things can you name? It's afun game to play with your family.

Challenge...The next time you makeGLOP, try adding differentamounts of Borax, or mix afew drops of food coloringtogether to create differentcolors. Explore and seewhat happens.

Imagine...If you were afamous cook andyou were asked to

create the stickiest recipe inthe whole world, whatingredients would you use?How much of each ingredi-ent would you need?A teaspoon, a tablespoon,a cup? Would you stir yourrecipe, cook it, bake it,freeze it, dry it in the sun?

1.7

0

R11111111111111.1111111111MYSTERY MAUER

Why is thisstuff so weird?

One reason MartianMud acts like a

solid and a liquid isbecause the

cornstarch doesnot completely

dissolve in waterfor instance,like sugar

dissolves in water.The sugar doesnot separate out.

But it's also not likemuddy water,

where the dirt willeventually settleto the bottom.It's somewhere

in between.

MARTIAN MUD=111.1141..

What is this mysterious substance?Is it really from a Martian volcano?

Try making some before showing it to your children,and let them guess the ingredients!

What you need: , What to do:1 box cornstarch Empty box of cornstarch in bowl. Add water slowly2 cups water while stirring. Stir in food coloring. ExperimentLarge bowl stir it quickly, then slowly. PLAY!!!Mixing spoonFood coloring

"EXPERIMENT'A word that means

to perform testsin order to discover

something unknown,or to show somethingthat is already known.

Ask your childrenif they can think of

any experments theycan do to learn moreabout Martian Mud.

What to discover:What happens when you punch it... roll it into aball... sink your finger into it... let it run throughyour fingers? When does it act like a solid?When does it act like a liquid? Why is this

stuff so weird? Make a list with your kids.

Warning!Don't dump Martian Mud down your sink.

It may clog things up!You can put it in the garbage

or in the compost pile. 1 8

-Yr

IassisiiiivisMARTIAN MUD / Much more for kids to explore...

41

Read...Try Bartholomew and the Oobleck by Dr. Seussor two books by Vicki Cobb, Why Can't YouUnscramble An Egg? and other not such dumbquestions about matter or Gobs of Goo.

Or books that show the real soil of Mars and the realspaceship that explored Mars, like booksby authors Duncan Brewer, SeymourSimon and Michael George.

Fun to find out...Where is the solar system's biggest volcano?Where is the solar system's largest canyon?

Learn more about...COLLOIDS SOLIDSMOLECULES LIQUIDS

Design...Invent a space ship that can land on Martian Mud.Build it out of clay, plastic building blocks, stickswhatever you can find around your house.

Draw...What kind of creature would eat Martian Mud?

How does it eat Martian Mud? Does it have atrunk like an elephant or a mouth like your own?

Experimentation is fun!Feel free to change our "recipes"to see what will happen

...if you add a little moreor less of something

...or if you used two differentbrands of ingredients

...or well, you decide!

Just have fun, but make surewhat you substitute is safe.

11.1111111111111111=

AIM MIK INS MIL all_leot Am ANIL sa Jim awl_ _IINL__Ari

Bright ideas:Let children

glue their rockson heavy paperor cardboard,or organize

their collectionsin egg cartons

Encouragethem to label

their collectionsaccording towhere theyfound the

rocks, or howthey grouped

them.

A

What treasures lie in your yard?Or in your children's pockets?

What you need:Rocks from your walkOld toothbrushesPan of waterRags

An

What to do:Go on a family walk around the block with abag or just your pockets! Collect rocks thatyou think look interesting Clean your rocksusing old toothbrushes, pans of water andrags.

What to discover:Encourage your child to classify or organizethe rocks. Choose different properties accord-ing to size, shape, color, location where theywere found. Help your child see that there aremany ways to group even a few rocks.

JOWL -AM&

Old you know:Rocks give usnswers to ques-tions about the

universeIn 1969,

Apollo 12brought back about75 pounds of rock

from the moonTry to find out

more aboutwhat scientists

discovered frominvestigatingthese moon

rocks.

CLASSIFICATION......helps to organize the world around us

We observe similarities and differences among objects,and classify them in a useful way. Let your children designtheir collections according to their own ideas of grouping.

4.41'

A

acKYA

Read......Coyote Steals the Blanket: A Ute Tale byJanet Stevens, The Sun, the Wind and theRain by Lisa Westberg Peters, Magic SchoolBus Inside the Earth by Joanna Cole,Eyewitness Book Series: Rocks and Minerals,Evetybody Needs a Rock by Byrd Baylor.

IIII II UR II III UIUS.RR illD SOUVENIRS / Much more.for kids to explore...

/ N...A11.1

Field Trip...Go through an average day.

Where do you see classificationbeing used? What about your kitchencupboards and drawers, closets,the grocery store, the newspaper,your classroom? Go for a walkand find things that have spiralpatterns, are round, are certain colors.

You can quote me!"Science is more than just sitting at your

desk grinding away at problems. It'sthinking and talking with other scientists."

Shirley A. Jackson

4;

Learn more about...IGNEOUS ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKSMETAMORPHIC ROCKS

Mini Mciseum...Set up a special place in the house to show offyour works of art or special collections. Theseinterest centers can show sorted rocks, leaves,seeds, rocks, nuts, and even pictures from catalogs.

11111111111111L4)

Artwork...Can you think of art projects to make with rocks?How about making paperweights by coloringpebbles with special designs or funny faces?

II ai.s 111111 II II SI III II II II II a II IIYOUNG ROCK STARS

Changeour recipe:

Can you think ofanything edible thatyou can substitute

for the rocks? Whatabout substitutions

for the flour andcocoa mix?

Experimentwith a friend:

Ask your friend toclose his or hereyes while you

toss a rock into thepan. Can yourfriend figure outfrom what angle

you threw therock? Now change

places, and letyour friend toss the

rock!

CREATING CRATERS

Green cheese? The man in the Moon?Are those craters we see?

What to do:Put three or four inches of flour in the pan.Smooth the surface. Sprinkle a thin layer of hotcocoa mix on the surface of the flour. Drop therocks at different heights and angles into the pan.Look at the pattern the rocks make.

What you need:Different sizes

of rocksFlourHot cocoa mixShallow tub

or pan, at/east13" X 19" What to discover:

Test out variables, like holding the same rock atdifferent heights and angles. Use different size,ocks. Shoot a rock into the pan with a rubberband. Do these changes make a difference tothe size and shape of the crater?

VARIABLES...are conditionsthat affect an

experiment. Besure to change justone variable at atime, and hold theothers constant.

For instance, if youwant to test how

the size of a crateris affected by the

height from which arock i dropped,

use the samq rock,but dr. d it fromdifferent heights.

AHAIAs meteors fall through the Earth's atmosphere, they get extremely hotThe few that hit the earth are called meteorites They move so fast that6, t

Ar 4 when they hit the surface they explode and create craters

1.aer. 1-,

le CREATING CRATERS / Much more for kids to eiplore...(

IilYou can quote me!

"We especially need imagination in science. It is not allmathematics, nor all logic, but it is beauty and poetry."

Maria Mitchell

Read...Moon by Seymour SimonMoon by Michael GeorgeMoon Mother by Ea YoungGrandfather Twilight by Barbara Berger

Learn more about...METEORSMETEORITESCRATERS

Observe...Watch the moon for a month.Draw a picture of what you see.

Learn more about famous folks...Read about asti onomers like Galilei Galileo,William Herschel, Tycho Brahe and MariaMitchell. Learn more about astronauts likeJohn Glenn, Ellen Ochoa and Mae Jemison

What languageis this anyway?

What are maria, paludes,sinii and riles? Need ahint? They have some-thing to do with the moon.

Fun to find out...Why does the moonhave so many craters?Which astronautswalked on the moon'?When did this happen?

ANIL_ _MIL_ J1111_ Jam Arc Ims_ Java_

ARA!Vinegar is

an acid, and the bakingsoda is a base

*JO

BOTTLE BELCH

A chemical reaction is Mix a solid and a liquid, and you get gas? Huh?produced when they

mixed togetherA product of this reaction

is carbon dioxide gasThe carbon dioxide gas

inflates the balloon!

What you need:A bottle with a

narrow neckBalloonVinegarBaking soda

)Funnelor smallpaper cup

What to do:Pour a small amount of vinegar into the bottle.Use a funnel or a small paper cup to put baking soin the balloon Pull the balloon tightly overthe mouth of the bottle. Careful, don't let anybaking soda fall into the bottle yet Now let thebaking soda fall into the bottle Shake gently.

What to discover:What must have been forrrad in order for theballoon to expand? Explore different amounts ofbaking soda and vinegar What about other liquidslike lemon Juice, water, oil, milk? What happens ifyou substitute baking powder for the baking soda?

1/11111147

Did you know:that yeast makes dough nse

by releasing carbon dioxide?

_LAM,

"PREDICTION"A word thatmeans to

use previousobservations and

other information toforecast an

outcome or eventGive your child achance to predict

the potentialoutcome of an

experiment Don tworry if the

expenment turnsout differently than

your predictionThat's science!

Speaking of gas:why can't anything bum

on the moon?

What is thisamazing stuff?When an animal

breathes, it isreleased into theair. Plants use it.

It puts out fire.It forms the bubbles

in fizzy drinksIts bubbles make acake rise It is made

of carbon andoxygen

What is it?

RAISING RAISINS

These raisins are really moving!What's happening?

What to do:Put some baking soda into a container of water.Drop two raisins into the mixture.Anything happening? Now add some vinegar.Observe the behavior of the raisins.

What to discover:What causes the raisins to move up anddown? What about companng regular raisinswith chocolate covered raisins? Why dosome raisins work, and others don't?Try lifesavers, gum, or even spaghetti.

What you need:RaisinsBaking sodaVinegarWaterGlass container

3aixola NOBEIVO

\ I A...-C.

25

Bright idea:Have raisin'aces with afriend. Pick

your championraisins and

see how manytimes they go upand down in acertain amount

of time.

Observe:The next time

you put astraw into soda

pop, noticethat the

bubbles tendto cling to the

straw

AHAIThe carbon dioxide gas bubbles tend to cling on surfaces

Since the raisins are light, the bubbles lift them to the surfaceThe bubbles break when the raisins reach the top, and the raisins sink

1111111111111111211.ROMIIII1 1111111111WHAT A GAS! / Much more for kids to explore...

Read...Strega Nona's MagicLessons by Tomie dePaola, Messing Aroundwith Baking Chemistryby Bernie Zubrowski,Bread, Bread, Bread byAnn Morris, The BreadBook by Carolyn Meyer

Fun to find out...Raising Raisins showsyou basic principlesof buoyancy anddensity. Try readingSubmarines andOther UnderwaterCraft by Harvey Weissand Submarinesby Gail Gibbons.

Learn more about...BUOYANCYDENSITYGASES

-.111aaYou can quote me!

"When nothing is sure,everything is possible."

Margaret Drabble

Float or sink...Find five (5) things that you think will iioat,and five (5) things that you think will sink.Test these items while taking a bath!

xplore yeast...Why do you need to put thedough in a warm place torise? Compare putting yeastin cold water and warm water.Are the results different?Look for recipes that don't useyeast. Why do those foodsstill rise?

2G

Challenge...Do the balloon experimentagain This time, mix halfa package of dry yeastand a spoonful of sugar inthe balloon with a cup ofwarm water in the bottleWhat happens?

aileanammorta A :1'1 1-1-s ir 0 *IN11.- ZOUNDS .... WHAT SOUNDS!

-.-IAHAI

iii1 When you clap...... ....... ,,____, .,

I your hands, it'snot just

] I your handsI that move.

The airvibrates, too!

Sound is111:. transmitted

through the air toIII III your ears by air

II vibrations calledsound waves.II The straw

II" makes sound

.11"' like a wind

IIIIinstrument acolumn of air'II vibrates inside a

Wilkthe length of thetube. Changing

III ..air column

111produces

different notes!moll11!

STRAW FLUTES & TOOTS kL_

You've never thought of a drinking strawas a musical instrument?

This makes family outings tofast food places very interesting.

VVhat you need: What to do:Plastic

9Flatten one end of the straw. Cut off the side

drinking straws edges to form a "V" shape. Then snip off theScissors pointed tip. Put in your mouth and blow!Tape

What to discover:Experiment with various lengths of straws and

, compare the difference in sounds they make.Cut one as short as you can.Tape straws together to make a long oneWhat happens if you cut holes in the straw",

Gib

Hints:Making noise with a straw

can take some time to masterEncourage your children to keep trying

Bright idea:What aboutmaking a

mini-trombone?How? Put a thin

straw inside awider one!

ag in_ Aim mit ina ANL ANL imiL _MK_

1IMMIMIL-- -MOM- -A1111111111-

: I - I S.

Read......books like Berlioz the Bear by Jan Brett,Orchestranimals by Vlasta Van Kampen orEyewitness Book Series: Music

[.

More to Read and Do... LearnHow about using those extra straws moreto build structures? Read Messing about...Around with Drinking Straw Con- PITCH

struction by Bernie Zubrowski. TONE

I

Challenge...How about taping different lengths of strawstogether to make a panpipe? Line seven (7)straws side by side, about 1/2 inch apart. Tapethem together in the middle. Cut each one a littlebit shorter than the one before. Blow gentlyacross the top of each straw to make a note!Do the longer straws play a high or low note?

Art' r

You can quote me!"I was gratified to be able to answer

promptly. I said 'I don't know"

Mark Twain

*3 You can quote me, too!"I wasn't sure until quite late in lifethat I discovered how easy it is to

say 'I don't know"

Somerset Maughm

Music...Look around yourhome Can you findanything to use tomake an instrument?Try rubber bands,bottle caps, cans,wires, boxes. .

Fun tofind out...Is theresound onthe moon?/7"

mir isIP

31AHAI

Sound cantravel throughother materials

besides air.Sound waves are

transmitted to youreardrums through

the string and cups.Vibrations carry the

sound along thestring. If the string is

touched while it isvibrating, it will

disrupt the sound.What other materialscan it travel through?

Metal? Wood?Walls?

saiimmammilaimimZOUNDS ... WHAT SOUNDS!-

CONCERT IN A CUP

What youneed:2 plastic cupsStringMetal spoons

and otherassorteditems like awire hanger,

pencil,plasticspoons tc.

I'm hearing bells! So can you!

What to do:Carefully poke a small hole in the bottom of each cup.Measure out the string by stretching your arms wide.Then thread each end of the string through one of theholes in the cups. Tie a knot to secure the string andcups together. Put the cups over your ears, bendforward and allow the string to hand freely. Asksomeone to hang a spoon on the string and strike it.

What to discover:What does it sound like? An old fashionedclock chime or a church bell? Ask your childto describe how it sounds.

2S

More to discover:Try different types of string,

and various lengths of stnng.Hang different objects on the

string, and strike them with metal,plastic or wood.

CURIOUSITY......is a powerful

force thatleads us to askquestions and

explore the worldaround us. Share

a sense ofwonder and

excitement withyour children sothat they can seethat science is an

action word.Expose them to a

wide range ofexperiences and

guide them infinding their own

solutions.

Hint:Be sure to let thestring hang freely

and not allow it to touchhands or clothes Whathappens when a hand is

placed on the stnng2

MimNt

1. A I S S S "

Read...Crash! Bang! Boom! by Peter Spierand The Animals That Drank UpSound by William Stafford

---WIL) What would the world be like without sound?1111 Read I Have A Sister, My Sister is Deaf by Jeanne

illEWhitehouse Peterson or a biography of Helen Keller.

Drama...Play charades'Ssshh! Don't makea sound See if youraudience can guesswho you are orwhat you are doing

First words...What were the firstwords spoken over

a telephone by AlexanderGraham Bell?

What were the first wordsfrom the phonograph inventedby Thomas Edison?

30

Challenge...Take four (4) identical glassesLeave one empty and fill three (3)with different amounts of waterTap a pencil on the top of each rimListen carefully to the sound eachmakes Arrange the glasses inorder from lowest to highest soundsCan you play a tune?

Write...Take a walk Make a listof all the sounds you like

and don't like You can useonomatopoeia to describe whatyou hear Buzz' Rattle1 Bang1

You aren't sure what that means?Look it up in a dictionary!

Questionsyou cananswernow...Why do

people put salton icy side-

walks?Does the seafreeze easily?

ICE CUBE RODEO

Howdy, Partn

What you need:Ice cubeGlass of water,

almost fullAbout 7" of stringSalt

ers. Bet you can't "lasso" that cube!We'll show you how...

What to do:Place an ice cube in an almost full glass of water.Challenge someone to lasso the cube with thestring and lift it up. Let them try!Now, wet the string and lay it across the top ofthe cube. Sprinkle salt on the string. Pause.Lift the cube.

"PERSEVERANCE"A word that means

a willingness topursue questionsor a problem until

you've found asatisfying conclusion.

Encourage yourchildren and showthem that they mayneed to redo experi-ments, risk failure,

change approachesand allow time asthey satisfy their

cunousity

What to discover:Does the temperature of the water make anydifference? Would it work using another liquid?What about the thickness of the string, or the sizeof the ice cube?

AHAIThe salt lowers the freezing point just enough to melt ,

the ice cube. But after awhile, the water refreezesbecause the freezing point begins to go up again.

It freezes the string to the ice cube and you can lift the cube!

I.

Questions tothink about:

Why do dnnks staycold in a thermos?

How many ways canwater change forms?

(Hint water canfreeze, thaw )

ANL ANL_ ANL JINE____AEL._ ANIS_ _JMIL Ara_ _ANIL _MEM_

1010111111101.le

COZY CUiES

Your challenge:to keep your ice cubes from thawing.

What would you use?

What you need:Ice cubes .

all close to thesame size

Assortment ofmaterials...

like foil, cloth,paper, etc.

Plates

----- _Amon lima --

What to do:Give each person an ice cube and set it on aplate. Allow time to wrap the cube in whatevermaterials you choose Set your cube aside anddecide on a time to check your cubes. Decide ona way to measure whose cube won.

What to discover:Discuss which materials worked best.

32

Bright idea:Try an opposite

experimentMake your ice cube

thaw quicklyl

Conduct an interview:What did people use

to keep food coldbefore refigeration?

Measurement:Measurement isan important part

of problemsolvingYou can

make simplecomparisons

usingnon-standard

measuring unitssuch as yourhands, or usestandard mea-sures of time,temperature,

distance or mass.If you have a food

scale, you canmeasure themass of your

cube before andafter. You canalso measure

your cubes with atape measure,or measure the

water left after thecube thaws

Have you everwondered:

How do icicles form?How much water isin an inch of snow?

III 1111111111111111111111 III III

BRRRRR COOL SCIENCE

ICE CREAM IN A BAGGIE.".711

Can you freeze something without a freezer?Learn the answer while you learn that experiments can be delicious.

Share this one with your whole family.

What you need:1/3 cup of milk1 tablespoon sugar1/8 teaspoon 4,0474.4A

1 large ziplock baggie1 sandwich baggieIce6 tablespoons salt

&

What to do:Place milk, sugar and vanilla in the smallerbag. Seal carefully. Put ice in the largerbag and add salt Place the smaller baginto the larger bag and seal. Shake forthree minutes

11111111LtAIMIMMIAM16rw-

IMPORTANT!Be sure to seal thebaggies carefully!

AHAIThe salt makes the ice in the

bag melt quickly This temperaturechange frc rn ice to water requires

heat The heat is drawn fromthe mixture in the small bag, andthe mixture gets cold and freezes

Amazing!

Whatto discover:Would thisexperimentwork fasterwith whole

milk, 2% milkor nonfat milk?

Try it!What wouldhappen if you

didn't use salt?

Recipe Hints:If you'd like other

flavors, addchocolate drink

mix or fruit

dll NI MILAILAK lit 1111_11111_ IIIII___INI___10 111 Alt_ aso _lark_ _ma_ ism___mow_ ANEL__:. .ftia-

Mb0 SO

Read...Try books having to do withcold like Mystery of the MissingRed Mitten by Steven Kellogg,Dear Rebecca, Winter is Here byJean Craighead George, or Sadieand the Snowman by Allen Morgan

For more experiments, try TheScience Book of Hot and Cold byNeil Ardley or Science ExperimentsYou Can Eat by Vicki Cobb.

Learn more about...INSULATION

i v REFRIGERATION

6 - o o o - p o

Fun to find out...What type of life existsin an area like Antarctica?What plants andanimals live there?

./Th t

Challenge...Explore more about

WI freezing. Design anexperiment that shows thatwater expands when itfreezes, or find out if thetemperature of the watermakes a difference to thespeed it freezes Can youthink of a way to find out ifall liquids have the samefreezing point?

You can quote me!'To be sutprised, ex

to wonderis to begin

to understand."

Jose Ortega y Gasset

Write...Write a poemabout ice or snowWhat words do youthink of when yousee, smell, hear,taste, touch snow?Collect winterscenes from maga-zines, or draw yourown to illustrateyour poem

miamaiesawas BENNOaaNYOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!

Ways To Use These Experiments...

...At Home:

Have a special family activity night once a weekor once a month. Let your kids take turns beingthe activity leader.

...At School:

Start a school science club. It can be held beforeor after school, or at lunchtime. Some schoolscombine different grade levels; others haveseparate clubs for each level.

Form a science support group. Pass out asurvey at your child's school so that you can gettogether with other parents who are interested inscience enrichment.

Start a science volunteer program at school.Volunteer to go into your children's classroomand do experiments on a regular basis.Start a schoolwide program where each class-room or grade level has its own volunteer.

Have a family science night at your child's schoolThis night can be part of a science fair celebrationor an open house Let children explore scienceexperiment stations which parents lead

Have parents train older students to becomescience volunteers for younger childrenTeach the older kids an experiment, then allowthem to go into the younger kids' classroomsLet them discover how much fun teaching can be.

...And Elsewhere:

Try these experiments when you babysit, or visitwith children of relatives or friends. Don't forgetdaycare centers, too.

Use these experiments with organizations towhich you or your children belong scouts,church groups, etc.

Open parent or business mee,ings with anexperiment. Share the fun of science with otheradults, and let them share it with their kids

I 1.

NalLo. 111 OREN 11 Ill II III 11111111Me111.11

RECONOCIMIENTOS

II RE

iChapter 2.

.

Writer Beth Daynes Escritora

Consultants Jim & Kathy Burrows Consuitores

Graphic Designer Mary Ann Davis Ilustradora

Literature Consultant Robin Kohut Consultora Sobre la Literatura

Spanish Translator Susana Stettri Sawrey Traductora al Espanol

Spanish Production Artist Taylor Daynes Artista de Producción al Espanol

CREDITS

This project funded through a grant from

Instruction, Washington State, under ESEA,

Special thanks to all the evaluators and Agradecimiento especial a todos los

advisory families. evaluadores y a las familias asesoras.

Este proyecto se Ilevó a cabo con fondos de

the Office of Superintendent of Public una donación de la Oficina delSuperintendente de instrucción Pablica,Estado de Washington, por ESEA, Capitulo 2.

IPThe Science Club

1

A NON-PROFIT EDUCATIONAL CORPORATION

55 First Place NW / Suite 4Issaquah, WA 98027

800-391-6939

) P41 !

1 (

y)..

'

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