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PS 023 465
Minnesota Kids: A Closer Look. Minnesota Kids Count1994 Report [and] Summary.Kids Count Minnesota, Minneapolis.Annie E. Casey Foundation, Greenwich, CT.[Jun 95]
328p.Congregations Concerned for Children, 122 WestFranklin, Suite 218, Minneapolis, MN 55404 ($10).Reports Research /Technical (143) -- StatisticalData (110)
MFO1 /PC14 Plus Postage.*Children; Community Programs; Cost Effectiveness;Disadvantaged Environment; Low Income; MinorityGroups; Population Trends; Poverty; ProgramImplementation; *Social Indicators; *Social Problems;*State Norms; *State Programs; Statistical Data;Tables (Data); Well Being
IDENTIFIERS Family Resource and Support Programs; *Indicators;*Minnesota
ABSTRACTThis first annual report of Minnesota KIDS COUNT
focuses on key indicators of children's well-being and details thecondition of children in each of Minnesota's 87 counties. MinnesotaKIDS COUNT--as part of a campaign by Children's DefenseFund-Minnesota and Congregations Concerned for Children to end childpoverty in Minnesota--collects, analyzes, and publishescounty- by--county data on the status of children and uses the data tomobilize citizens and policy makers to take action. The report isdivided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 analyzes the goals of thereport, while chapter 2 reviews the Minnesota KIDS COUNT findings.Chapter 3 provides information about the support systems childrenneed. Chapter 4 introduces selected key indicators of childwell-being. The indicators measure the risks children face inrelation to what they need economic security, strong birthcircumstances, and protection from violence and neglect. Chapter 5offers a county-by-county profile of the status of children. Chapter6 provides data on the needs of children of color and analyzesrelated problems. Chapter 7 offers suggestions on what can be done byindividuals, the community, religious congregations, business, themedia, and elected officials to improve children's living conditions.A summary of the report is provided separately. (AA)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
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par
t of a
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hin
d -M
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egat
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ren
to e
nd c
hild
pov
erty
in M
inne
sota
. Min
neso
taK
IDS
CO
UN
T c
olle
cts,
ana
lyze
s, a
nd p
ublis
hes
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
dat
a on
the
stat
us o
f chi
ldre
n an
d us
es
the
data
to m
obili
ze c
itize
ns a
nd p
olic
y m
aker
s to
take
act
ion.
Thi
s fir
st M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
ann
ual r
epor
t foc
uses
on
key
indi
cato
rs o
fchi
ldre
n's
wel
l-bei
ng.
Fut
ure
annu
al r
epor
ts w
ill in
clud
e ne
w d
ata,
as
wel
l as
repo
rt n
ew d
ata
)n s
ome
of th
e tr
ends
docu
men
ted
in th
is e
ditio
n.M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
als
o pu
blis
hes
spec
ial r
epor
ts o
n sp
ecifi
cis
sues
that
impa
ct c
hild
ren.
Tw
o re
port
s, "
Min
neso
ta's
Chi
ld S
uppo
rt S
yste
m F
ails
to M
eet C
hild
ren'
s
Nee
ds"
and
"Beh
ind
from
the
Sta
rtP
reve
ntio
n P
rogr
ams
Not
Rea
chin
g M
any
Min
neso
taC
hild
ren,
" w
ere
publ
ishe
d in
199
3. In
ord
er to
focu
s on
chi
ldre
n in
loca
l com
mun
ities
, all
Min
neso
taK
IDS
CO
UN
T p
ublic
atio
ns r
epor
t dat
a by
cou
nty.
CM
-MN
isre
spon
sibl
efo
rco
llect
ing,
anal
yzin
g, a
nd p
ublis
hing
KID
S C
OU
NT
dat
a.C
ongr
egat
ions
Con
cern
ed fo
r C
hild
ren
is r
espo
nsib
le fo
r di
ssem
inat
ing
the
repo
rts
and
wor
king
with
the
med
ia. T
he M
inne
sota
Ext
ensi
on S
ervi
ce d
istr
ibut
es th
e re
port
s th
roug
h its
sta
tew
ide
netw
ork.
Ove
r th
e pa
st fi
ve y
ears
, Cl%
F-M
N a
nd C
ongr
egat
ions
Con
cern
ed to
r C
hild
ren
have
ofte
n co
mbi
ned
thei
r sk
ills
and
reso
urce
s to
rai
se p
ublic
aw
aren
ess
of c
hild
ren'
s un
met
nee
ds a
nd to
impr
ove
publ
ic
polic
ies
affe
ctin
g ch
ildre
n.M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
con
tinue
s th
is p
artn
ersh
ip o
n be
half
ofch
ildre
n.
4
I
.1
rm.-
vina
few
illf*
,
0111
1111
1111
11IN
The
gre
ates
t thr
eat t
o ou
r
(natio
nal s
ecur
ity a
nd fu
ture
com
es
hom
no
exte
rnal
enem
y.bu
t fro
mth
e
enem
yw
ithin
in o
ur lo
ss o
fst
rong
, mor
al,
folk
and
com
mun
ityva
lues
and
supp
ort.
Par
ent
by p
aren
t, yo
uth
by y
outh
, vot
er b
y vo
ter,
pro
fess
iona
l
hopr
okss
iona
l, co
ngre
gatio
n by
con
gnat
ion,
clu
b b5
dub
tbm
mun
itv b
y co
mm
unity
, fou
ndat
ion
by fo
unda
tion,
cor
pora
'
he c
orpo
ratio
n, c
ityby
city
, cou
nty
by c
ount
y, s
tate
1w
cut
e
all A
mer
ican
sm
ust c
omm
it pe
rson
ally
and
as
vote
rsto
crus
ade
of c
onsc
ienc
e an
d ac
tion
that
kill
ens
ure
lb°
no c
hild
is le
ftbe
hind
. Onl
yan
d
"41"
"ivt:I
Yca
n tr
ansf
orm
our
nat
ion'
spr
ionn
'''
Mar
ian
Wrig
ht E
delm
an.
Illy
Mea
sure
of O
ur S
m,e
ss
rki
dsco
unt
m n
neso
to
1994
Rep
ort pi
e
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T is
fund
ed p
rimal
* by
The
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n.
Nor
thw
est A
rea
Fou
ndat
ion
and
She
lterin
g A
rms
Fou
ndat
ion
prov
ided
sup
plem
enta
ry g
rant
s.
Any
or
all p
ortio
ns o
f thi
s re
port
may
be
repr
oduc
ed w
ithou
t prio
r pe
rmis
sion
, pro
vide
d th
eso
urce
is c
ited
as M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
4,C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
undM
inne
sota
, St.
Pau
l, M
Nan
d C
ongr
egat
ions
Con
cern
ed fo
r C
hild
ren,
Min
neap
olis
, MN
.
Add
ition
al c
opie
s of
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
994
are
avai
labl
e fo
r $1
0
(pos
tage
incl
uded
)
from
Con
greg
atio
ns C
once
rned
for
Chi
ldre
n12
2 W
est F
rank
lin, S
uite
218
Min
neap
olis
, MN
554
04
Pho
ne 6
12-8
70-3
660
Fax
612
-870
-366
3
a
_J J
9J
1994
Rip
on
r
AC
KN
OW
LED
GE
ME
N'T
5
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
sT
he A
dvis
ory
Com
mitt
ees
of M
inne
sota
KID
SC
OU
NT
incl
ude
data
spec
ialis
ts,
med
ia
expe
rts,
and
rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
sta
te a
genc
ies,
univ
ersi
ties
and
com
mun
ity g
roup
s co
ncer
ned
with
the
wel
l-bei
ng o
f chi
ldre
n.M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
than
ks c
omm
ittee
mem
bers
for
thei
r tim
e an
d th
ough
tful a
dvic
e.
fa)P
rinte
d on
rec
ycle
d pa
per
usin
g so
ybas
ed in
ks
]0
The
KID
S C
OU
NT
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
Tru
dy D
unha
mC
ente
r fo
r 4-
H Y
outh
Dev
elop
men
tM
inne
sota
Ext
ensi
on S
ervi
ceU
nive
rsity
of M
inne
sota
Man
i Eric
kson
Chi
ldre
n, Y
outh
and
Fam
ilyC
onso
rtiu
mU
nive
rsity
of M
inne
sota
Gay
le G
onsi
orD
ulut
h C
hild
ren'
s C
oalit
ion
Ann
Jae
deM
inne
sota
Offi
ce o
f Str
ateg
ic
and
long
Ran
ge P
lann
ing
Joel
Kva
mm
eM
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
uman
Ser
vice
s
Mar
ie L
ee-R
ude
Min
neso
ta E
xten
sion
Ser
vice
Sou
thw
est S
tate
Uni
vers
ity
()fe
lla L
opez
Res
ourc
es fo
r C
hild
Car
ing
Nan
cy N
elso
nM
inne
sota
Org
aniz
atio
n on
Ado
lesc
ent P
regn
ancy
,P
reve
ntio
n an
d P
aren
ting
Meg
an O
'Har
aM
egan
O'H
ara
Pub
lic R
elat
ions
Sus
an R
oth
Act
ion
for
Chi
ldre
nM
inne
sota
Offi
ce o
f Str
ateg
ic
and
Long
Ran
ge P
lann
ing
Deb
orah
Sch
lick
Chi
ld C
are
Coo
rdin
ator
City
of S
t. P
aul
The
Com
mun
icat
ions
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
Cin
dy B
ielk
eC
.A.B
. Com
mun
icat
ions
Car
olyn
Bro
okte
rT
arge
t Sto
res
Kris
tin E
vens
on
Fal
lon
McE
lligo
tt A
dver
tisin
g
Gay
Gon
nerm
anG
reat
er M
inne
apol
is C
ounc
il of
Chu
rche
s
Larr
y H
aeg
Nor
wes
t Cor
pora
tion
D.J
. Lea
ryP
olic
y C
onsu
ltant
Den
nis
McG
rath
Mon
a, M
eyer
. McG
rath
&G
avin
Meg
an O
'Har
aM
egan
O'H
ara
Pub
lic R
elat
ions
Pau
l Rid
gew
ayR
idge
way
Ass
ocia
tes
Ann
e U
lset
hA
nne
C. U
lset
h P
ublic
Rel
atio
ns
The
Dat
a A
dvis
ory
Com
mitt
eeD
on D
idda
ms
Pol
icy
Con
sulta
nt
Tru
dy D
unha
mC
ente
r fo
r 4-
H Y
outh
Dev
elop
men
tM
inne
sota
Ext
ensi
on S
ervi
ceU
nive
rsity
of M
inne
sota
Ann
Jae
deM
inne
sota
Offi
ce o
f Str
ateg
ic
and
long
Ran
ge P
lann
ing
Joel
Kva
mm
eM
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
uman
Ser
vice
s
Dav
e R
adem
ache
rO
ffice
of t
he S
tate
Dem
ogra
pher
Pet
e R
ode
lirha
n C
oalit
ion
of M
inne
apol
is
Sta
n S
hane
dlin
gF
ound
atio
n fo
r H
ealth
care
Pau
l Sm
ithC
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und
We
also
than
k st
aff f
rom
oth
er
stat
es' K
IDS
CO
UN
T p
roje
cts
for
so g
ener
ousl
y sh
arin
g th
eir
expe
rienc
e an
d le
sson
s le
arne
d. W
e
part
icul
arly
than
k N
ew M
exic
oK
IDS
CO
UN
T fo
r th
e "H
ow to
Use
this
Boo
k" s
ectio
n th
at fo
llow
s
the
tabl
e of
con
tent
s.
1119
94 R
igor
,
Dat
a S
ourc
esS
taff
from
pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e ag
enci
es p
rovi
ded
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T w
ith th
e da
ta n
eede
d to
deve
lop
this
rep
ort.
We
than
k th
em a
nd th
enor
gani
zatio
ns fo
r so
gen
erou
sly
shar
ing
thei
rin
form
atio
n an
d te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e w
ith u
s.
Oth
er M
inne
sota
KID
SC
OU
NT
Pub
licat
ions
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T w
ill p
ublis
h ad
ditio
nal
repo
rts
on tr
ends
in th
e w
ell-b
eing
of t
he s
tate
'sch
ildre
n in
199
5, 1
996
and
1997
.
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T is
also
pub
lishi
ngse
vera
l spe
cial
rep
orts
on
topi
cs r
elat
ed to
chi
ldpo
vert
y an
d w
ell b
eing
.Iw
o ar
e no
w a
vaila
ble:
"Min
neso
ta's
Chi
ld S
uppo
rt S
yste
m F
ails
to M
eet
Chi
ldre
n's
Ner
ds"
(spr
ing
1993
) an
d "B
ehin
dfr
omth
eS
tar,
:P
reve
ntio
nP
rogr
ams
Not
Rea
chin
g M
any
Min
neso
ta C
hild
ren"
(fa
ll 19
93).
Mor
e co
pies
of t
his
repo
rt a
nd c
opie
s of
the
spec
ial
repo
rts
can
be o
rder
ed fr
om
:imgr
egat
ions
Con
cern
ed fo
r C
hild
ren
122
Wes
t Fra
nklin
Ave
nue,
Sui
te 2
18M
inne
apol
is, M
N 5
5404
Pho
ne:
612-
870.
3660
Fax
:61
2187
0-36
61
Min
neso
ta L
egis
lativ
e R
esea
rch
Libr
ary
Jane
You
ng
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Car
ol H
oken
son
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
Su
Bed
ard-
John
son
Ca
rol V
arga
s
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
sP
aul F
a rs
ech
Offi
ce o
f the
Sta
te D
emog
raph
erD
ave
Rad
emac
her
Urb
an C
oalit
ion
of M
inne
apol
isP
ete
Rod
e
Alla
n M
alki
s
12
KIP
S C
OU
NT
Sta
ffC
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und
Min
neso
ta
Jenn
ifer
And
erso
n, in
tern
Laur
a K
adw
ell,
Act
ing
Dire
ctor
and
Sen
ior
Pro
gram
Ass
ocia
te
Juan
Mar
tinez
, Dat
a A
naly
stLu
anne
Nyb
erg,
Dire
ctor
Jenn
ifer
Ska
ja, i
nter
nJe
nnife
r U
mol
ac, i
nter
n
Con
greg
atio
ns C
once
rned
for
Chi
ldre
nT
erri
And
erso
n, C
omm
unic
atio
ns C
oord
inat
orC
arol
yn H
endr
ixso
n, D
irect
or
Uni
vers
ity o
f Min
neso
ta E
xten
sion
Ser
vice
Ron
Pitz
er, F
amily
Soc
iolo
gist
Gra
phic
Des
ign
and
Writ
ing
Dan
Nor
dley
, Mic
roH
oriz
ons
Gra
phic
sM
arga
ret W
eber
, Mar
gare
t Web
er C
onsu
lting
Pho
togr
aphs
Pet
er L
indm
an (
page
s 17
, hac
k co
ver)
Ann
l.uc
e (c
over
, pag
e 14
3)K
ate
Max
wel
l Wili
itms
(pag
es 1
, 2, 4
)G
reat
er M
pls.
Cou
ncil
of C
hurc
hes
(pag
e 13
5)
13
1994
Rep
ort
P-7
"In
man
y In
dian
cul
ture
s, y
oung
chi
ldre
n
are
cons
ider
ed s
acre
d gi
fts to
the
fam
ily a
nd to
the
trib
e."
Wah
acan
ka S
ka W
in G
ough
14
TA
BLE
OF
CO
NT
EN
TS
Ack
now
ledg
men
ts
I low
to U
se th
is B
c,ok
iv
Cha
pter
IW
hy th
is B
ook
1
Cha
pter
2K
IDS
CO
UN
T F
indi
ngs
2
Cha
pter
3W
hat C
hild
ren
Nee
d4
Cha
pter
4In
dica
tors
of R
isk
15
Fam
ily E
cono
mic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
198
9 (m
ap)
19
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
20
Chi
ldre
n in
Sin
gle
Par
ent H
ouse
hold
s22
Chi
ldre
n D
epen
dent
on
AF
DC
24
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n B
orn
to U
nmar
ried
Par
ents
26
Chi
ldre
n W
eigh
ing
Less
than
5.5
Pou
nds
at B
irth
28
Chi
ldre
n B
orn
to M
othe
rs u
nder
Age
18
30
Chi
ldre
n B
orn
to M
othe
rs w
ith F
ewer
than
12
Yea
rs E
duca
tion
32
Sig
n' o
f Tro
uble
Chi
ldre
n A
buse
d an
d N
egle
cted
34
Chi
ldre
n D
ropp
ing
Out
of S
choo
l36
Chi
ldre
n's
Crim
es a
gain
st P
eopl
e38
Chi
ldre
n D
ying
Vio
lent
ly40
Cha
pter
5C
ount
y P
rofil
es43
Cha
pter
6C
hild
ren
of C
olor
133
Chi
ldre
n of
Col
or in
Min
neso
ta 1
990
(map
)13
4
The
Cris
is fo
r C
hild
ren
of C
olor
135
Chi
ldre
n of
Col
or in
Pov
erty
136
Low
Birt
hwei
ght A
mon
g C
hild
ren
of C
olor
138
Sch
ool D
ropo
ut R
ates
Am
ong
Chi
ldre
n of
Col
or14
0
( 'h
apte
r 7
Wha
t You
Can
Do
143
I )at
a M
etho
ds a
nd N
otes
146
ntl n
otes
147
1519
94 R
epor
t
16
HO
W T
O U
SE
TH
IS B
OO
K
On
page
2 r
evie
w th
e M
inne
sota
KID
SC
OU
NT
find
ings
.
On
page
4 lo
ok fo
r in
form
atio
n ab
out
the
supp
ort s
yste
ms
child
ren
need
.
On
page
17
lear
n ab
out t
he in
dica
tors
of r
isk
to c
hild
ren
anal
yzed
in th
is r
epor
t.
On
page
16
revi
ew a
map
of M
inne
sota
'sco
untie
s; th
en tu
rn to
pag
e 19
for
a co
unty
-by-
coun
ty m
apof
child
pov
erty
, the
sin
gle
grea
test
ris
k to
ach
ild's
wel
l-bei
ng.
On
page
s 20
-41
find
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
per
cent
of c
hild
ren
at r
isk
for
each
of t
he
11 in
dica
tors
in tw
o di
ffere
nt y
ears
, the
per
cent
cha
nge
betw
een
the
two
year
s, a
nd w
hy th
ese
circ
umst
ance
s po
se r
isks
to c
hild
ren.
On
page
s 45
-132
loca
te y
our
coun
ty's
one
-pag
e pr
ofile
of th
e st
atus
of c
hild
ren.
On
page
134
find
out
whe
re M
inne
sota
'sch
ildre
n of
col
or li
ve.
On
page
s 13
5-14
2 le
arn
abou
t the
dis
parit
ies
by r
ace
for
child
ren
in p
over
ty, l
ow b
irthw
eigh
t, an
d
failu
re to
gra
duat
e fr
om h
igh
scho
ol.
On
page
s 14
3-14
5 de
cide
whi
ch a
ctio
nsfo
r ch
ildre
n yo
u w
ill p
ursu
e at
hom
e, in
the
com
mun
ity, a
nd a
t
wor
k.
On
page
s 14
6-14
7 an
swer
que
stio
ns y
ou m
ayha
ve a
bout
the
data
use
d in
this
boo
k.
On
the
last
pag
e fin
d po
stca
rds
for
orde
ring
mor
e co
pies
of th
is a
nd o
ther
KID
S C
OU
NT
rep
orts
,fo
r
putti
ng y
our
nam
e on
the
KID
S C
OU
NT
mai
ling
list,
and
for
beco
min
g a
child
adv
ocat
e.
17
1994
Rep
ort
18
1W
HY
TH
ISB
OO
K
Alm
ost e
very
sta
te a
nd n
atio
nal o
rgan
izat
ion
conc
erne
d ab
out s
ocia
l iss
ues
and
the
futu
re o
f our
coun
try
has
publ
ishe
d a
repo
rt o
n ch
ildre
n du
ring
the
past
few
yea
rs. T
hese
rep
orts
tell
us o
ver
and
over
that
chi
ldre
n ar
e in
trou
ble,
that
our
futu
re is
in je
opar
dy, t
hat w
e m
ust b
e co
ncer
ned.
So,
why
anot
her
repo
rt?
The
ans
wer
is s
impl
e. T
he p
ictu
res
we
have
see
n to
dat
e ar
e m
assi
ve, o
ften
focu
sing
on
all c
hild
ren
inth
e co
untr
y or
Min
neso
ta a
s a
who
le. T
hey
do n
ot te
ll us
abo
ut th
e ch
ildre
n in
our
ow
n ba
ckya
rds,
allo
win
g us
to im
agin
e th
at c
hild
ren'
s pr
oble
ms
are
far
from
hom
e an
d ha
ve li
ttle
to d
o w
ith u
s.
Min
neso
ta K
ids
A C
lose
r Lo
ok b
rings
the
child
ren
of e
ach
Min
neso
ta c
ount
y in
to c
lear
er fo
cus
soth
at p
eopl
e ca
n gr
asp
the
need
s of
chi
ldre
n in
thei
r ow
n co
mm
uniti
es a
nd b
egin
to a
ddre
ss th
ose
need
s.H
ie r
epor
t giv
es e
ach
Min
neso
tan
the
tool
s ne
cess
ary
to w
ork
in e
very
com
mun
ity a
nd a
t all
leve
ls o
fgo
vern
men
t to
impr
ove
child
ren'
s liv
es.
"If y
ou d
on't
unde
rsta
nd th
at m
y ch
ildre
nar
e yo
ur c
hild
ren,
that
my
child
ren'
s w
ell-
bein
g is
tied
to y
ou a
nd y
our
child
ren'
s w
ell-
bein
g, w
e ha
ve a
pro
blem
." Mar
y A
zzah
ir,
Min
neap
olis
Way
to G
row
Exe
cutiv
e D
irec
tor,
Jarl
uary
1994
19R
epnr
r
"..:t
he y
oung
, you
ng c
hild
ren,
0 m
y br
othe
rs,
1.he
y ar
e w
eepi
ng b
itter
ly!
The
y ar
e w
eepi
ng in
the
play
time
of th
e ot
hers
,In
the
coun
try
of th
e fr
ee."
1.1,
zeit,
t) f
it et
t
20
KID
S C
OU
NT
Ls.
FIN
DIN
GS
The
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
livi
ng in
pov
erty
inM
inne
sota
gre
w 2
1.6%
(fr
om 1
0.2%
to 1
2.4%
) be
twee
n th
e 19
80 a
nd 1
990
cens
uses
.T
his
occu
rred
des
pite
dec
reas
es in
the
rate
of
child
pov
erty
in 4
4 of
the
87 c
ount
ies.
Lak
e C
ount
y in
the
nort
heas
tern
par
t of
the
stat
e sa
w
the
mos
t ext
rem
e ra
te o
f in
crea
se19
2.9%
.
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n of
col
or a
re f
ar m
ore
likel
y to
be
poor
than
are
whi
te c
hild
ren.
In 1
989,
45.1
% o
f ch
ildre
n of
col
or li
ved
in p
oor
fam
ilies
, as
com
pare
dw
ith 9
.7%
of
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
child
ren.
The
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
sin
gle
pare
nt f
amili
es in
Min
neso
ta r
ose
in e
very
cou
nty.
Stat
ewid
e, th
e ra
te w
ent f
rom
11.
8% in
198
0 to
16.
2% in
199
0a
37.3
% in
crea
se.
Five
coun
ties
saw
the
rate
incr
ease
by
mor
e th
an 1
00%
:M
ille
Lac
s, M
ahno
men
, Wad
ena,
Wat
onw
an, a
nd M
arsh
all.
The
pro
port
ion
of M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FDC
ros
eby
15.
7% s
tate
wid
e be
twee
n
1986
and
199
1.Fo
rty-
six
coun
ties
saw
incr
ease
s, w
ith W
ilkin
Cou
nty
in w
est c
entr
al
Min
neso
ta s
eein
g th
e la
rges
t73
.4%
. The
rat
e , i
ncre
ased
in 3
8 co
untie
s, w
ithW
aton
wan
Cou
nty
seei
ng th
e gr
eate
st d
ecre
ase
70.2
%an
d di
d no
t cha
nge
in th
ree
coun
ties.
The
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
born
to u
nmar
ried
par
ents
gre
w b
y 36
.8%
betw
een
1986
and
199
1
stat
ewid
e. O
f th
e 87
cou
ntie
s, 8
0 sa
w in
crea
ses,
fou
r sa
w d
ecre
ases
and
thre
e sa
w n
o ch
ange
.Y
ello
w M
edic
ine
Cou
nty,
on
the
sout
hwes
tern
sid
e of
the
stat
e, s
awth
e la
rges
t inc
reas
e
289.
7%an
d R
ed L
ake
Cou
nty.
in th
e no
rthw
est c
orne
r, th
e la
rges
tde
crea
se7%
.
In 1
986,
Min
neso
ta m
et th
e U
nite
d St
ates
Yea
r 20
00 lo
wbi
rthw
eigh
t goa
l of
no m
ore
than
5%
of c
hild
ren
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
.5 p
ound
s at
bir
th. B
y 19
91, h
owev
er,
the
perc
enta
ge h
ad g
row
n
to 5
.3%
, a 6
% in
crea
se. T
he p
erce
nt o
fchi
ldre
n w
ith lo
w b
irth
wei
ghts
incr
ease
d in
49
coun
ties,
dece
ased
in 3
7, a
nd s
taye
d th
e sa
me
in o
ne. T
he la
rges
t rat
e of
incr
ease
218.
8%w
as
foun
d in
Kan
ahec
Cou
nty,
and
the
larg
est d
ecre
ase
31.5
%in
Lac
Qui
Par
le C
ount
y.
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n of
col
or a
re f
ar m
ore
likel
y to
hav
e a
low
birt
hwei
ght t
han
are
the
stat
e's
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n. I
n 19
91, 9
.1%
of
child
ren
of c
olor
wer
ebo
rn w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
poun
ds, a
s co
mpa
red
with
4.9
% o
f E
urop
ean
Am
eric
anin
fant
s.
2119
94 R
epon
"Sin
ce 1
973,
the
num
ber
of M
inne
sota
juve
nile
s ar
rest
ed fo
r vi
olen
t crim
es h
as
mor
e th
an d
oubl
ed. S
ince
197
3, th
enu
mbe
r of
boy
s ar
rest
ed fo
r ag
grav
ated
assa
ult h
as q
uadr
uple
d, w
hile
the
num
ber
of m
urde
r ar
rest
s of
juve
nile
s
has
quin
tupl
ed.
In 1
990,
15-
, 16-
and
17-y
ear-
olds
acc
ount
ed fo
r th
e hi
ghes
t
num
ber
of a
rres
ts fo
r se
rious
crim
e."
Pani
c/ f
5tO
rkar
rp, D
irec
tor
Cri
rmni
i! it
,f5t
h-r
Cra
ter,
hfi
ripi
r,30
ta O
ffic
e of
5 tr
areq
le6
and
I or
lq R
ange
" Pl
anni
ng
22
The
pro
port
ion
of M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8 gr
ew b
y 8%
bet
wee
n 19
86an
d 19
91. T
he r
ate
incr
ease
d in
48
coun
ties,
dec
reas
ed in
37
and
did
not c
hang
e in
two.
Mow
er C
ount
y on
the
sout
hern
bor
der
saw
the
mos
t ext
rem
e gr
owth
in th
e ra
te o
f ch
ildre
n bo
rnto
teen
mot
hers
400%
.
The
pro
port
ion
of M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2ye
ars
of s
choo
ling
rose
by 1
2.4%
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991.
The
pro
port
ion
incr
ease
d in
54
coun
ties,
with
the
larg
est
rate
of
incr
ease
occ
urri
ng in
Bro
wn
Cou
nty
277.
3%. T
he r
ate
decr
eved
in 3
0 co
untie
s an
ddi
d no
t cha
nge
in th
ree.
The
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
for
who
m a
buse
and
neg
lect
was
sub
stan
tiate
d in
Min
neso
ta r
ose
from
7,76
0 in
198
6 to
10,
224
in 1
991,
a 3
1.8%
incr
ease
.M
ahno
men
Cou
nty
saw
the
larg
est
prop
ortio
nal i
ncre
ase
625%
.G
rant
and
Kitt
son
Cou
ntie
s ha
d th
e la
rges
t pro
port
iona
lde
crea
se91
.7%
eac
h.
Bet
wee
n sc
hool
yea
rs 1
986-
87 a
nd 1
991-
92 th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
child
ren
drop
ping
out
of s
choo
l
befo
re h
igh
scho
ol g
radu
atio
n ro
se b
y 25
%. I
t inc
reas
ed in
51
coun
ties,
dec
reas
ed in
31,
and
did
not c
hang
e in
thre
e (t
wo
coun
ties
did
not r
epor
t dro
pout
dat
a fo
r 19
91-9
2).
In s
even
coun
ties
the
rate
of
incr
ease
bet
wee
n th
e tw
o ye
ars
was
gre
ater
than
200
%:
Cas
s, N
oble
s,Ja
ckso
n, C
arve
r, G
rant
, Red
Lak
e, a
nd M
cLeo
d.
In 1
991,
the
prop
ortio
n of
chi
ldre
n of
col
or w
ho d
ropp
ed o
ut o
f sc
hool
10.3
%w
as o
ver
thre
e tim
es th
at o
f E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
2.8%
.
The
per
cent
age
of c
rim
es c
omm
itted
by
child
ren
that
are
cri
mes
aga
inst
peo
ple
grew
by
13.8
%be
twee
n 19
87 a
nd 1
991.
For
ty-t
wo
coun
ties
saw
incr
ease
s, 3
7 sa
w d
ecre
ases
, and
eig
ht c
ount
ies
saw
no
chan
ge. T
en c
ount
ies
with
incr
ease
s ha
d no
chi
ld c
rim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e in
198
7. T
hela
rges
t rat
e of
incr
ease
occ
urre
d in
Cas
s C
ount
y52
3.1%
.E
ight
cou
ntie
s sa
w th
eir
rate
sde
crea
se b
y 10
0%.
The
num
ber
of v
iole
nt d
eath
s am
ong
child
ren
in M
inne
sota
dro
pped
by
25.2
% b
etw
een
1986
and
1991
. How
ever
, 10
coun
ties
that
had
no
viol
ent d
eath
s am
ong
child
ren
in 1
986
had
one
orm
ore
in 1
991.
Of
the
23 c
ount
ies
with
incr
ease
s, K
andi
yohi
Cou
nty
in th
e so
uthw
este
rn p
art
of th
e st
ate
had
the
larg
est m
easu
rabl
e in
crea
se50
0%. F
orty
-one
cou
ntie
s ha
d de
crea
ses
and
21 h
ad n
o ch
ange
.
Min
neso
tans
can
eas
ily b
e ca
ptiv
ated
by
the
myt
h of
Lak
e W
oheg
on: t
hat o
ur c
hild
ren
arc
all a
bove
aver
age.
Yet
the
sign
s ar
e cl
ear
that
all
is n
ot w
ell i
n ou
r ow
n ba
ckya
rds.
The
se f
indi
ngs
show
that
toda
y's
child
ren
will
not
be
capa
ble
of b
eing
tom
orro
w's
bui
lder
s, te
ache
rs, f
arm
ers,
and
lead
ers
unle
ssin
divi
dual
s an
d co
mm
uniti
es a
ct n
ow ;o
impr
ove
thei
r liv
es.
2319
'14
Rer
fort
"We
need
mor
e th
an k
ind
sent
ime.
lt, a
bout
chi
ldre
n.
We
:Iced
to d
raw
on
the
rich
r:so
urce
s of
our
com
mun
ity to
addr
ess
thei
r ne
eds.
"
Rab
bi H
arol
d K
ravi
tz, C
o-C
hair,
Min
neso
ta 1
?,ab
bim
,;a1
A55
ocia
tion,
199
2
24
IXW
HA
T C
HIL
DR
EN
V N
EE
DIn
ord
er to
gro
w in
to h
ealth
y w
ell-a
djus
ted
cont
ribut
ing
adul
ts, c
hild
ren
need
eco
nom
icse
curit
y, a
good
sta
rt a
t birt
h, a
nd p
rote
ctio
n fr
om v
iole
nce
and
negl
ect.
Yet
KID
S C
OU
NT
indi
cato
rssh
ow th
at
thou
sand
s of
Min
neso
ta c
hild
ren
do n
ot h
ave
thes
e ve
ry b
asic
und
erpi
nnin
gs.
Cor
pora
te, g
over
nmen
t, an
d re
ligio
us le
ader
s, a
s w
ell a
s pa
rent
s, te
ache
rs, a
nd c
once
rned
indi
vidu
als
in c
omm
uniti
es th
roug
hout
the
stat
e, h
ave
the
tool
s ne
eded
to b
uild
a s
tron
gfo
unda
tion
unde
r ev
ery
Min
neso
ta c
hild
. Thi
s ch
apte
r de
scrib
es w
hat i
s ne
eded
; cha
pter
sev
en s
how
s ho
win
divi
dual
s an
d
com
mun
ities
can
wor
k to
geth
er fo
r ch
ildre
n.
Eco
nom
ic s
ecur
ityC
hild
ren
mus
t hav
e fo
od, c
loth
ing,
she
lter,
tran
spor
tatio
n, h
ealth
car
e, a
nd c
hild
car
e in
orde
r to
surv
ive.
Yet
, dur
ing
the
1980
s, c
hild
pov
erty
in M
inne
sota
incr
ease
d 21
.6%
and
the
prop
ortio
nof
child
ren
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
hom
es in
crea
sed
by 3
7.3%
.B
etw
een
1986
and
199
1 th
e pr
opor
tion
ofch
ildre
n re
ceiv
ing
AF
DC
the
mos
t ext
rem
e m
easu
re o
f pov
erty
rose
15.
7%.
The
se K
IDS
CO
UN
T fi
ndin
gs m
ean
tha;
an
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
r of
fam
ilies
are
sim
ply
unab
le to
pro
vide
thei
r
child
ren
with
bas
ic li
fe n
eces
sitie
s.
TH
E F
ED
ER
AL
PO
VE
RT
Y S
TA
ND
AR
DS
The
199
3 st
anda
rds:
Fam
ily s
ize
Max
imum
ann
ual i
ncom
e
2$9
,430
3$1
1,89
04
$14,
350
5$1
6,81
06
$19,
270
Alth
ough
thes
e ar
e th
e m
ost w
idel
y us
ed m
easu
res
of p
over
ty, t
hey
unde
rcou
nt
the
num
ber
of p
eopl
e w
ho a
re p
oor.
Fam
ilies
can
not m
eet t
heir
basi
c ne
eds
with
inco
mes
this
low
.T
he r
ealit
y is
that
thou
sand
s of
Min
neso
ta c
hild
ren
with
fam
ily in
com
es a
bove
the
pove
rty
line
also
live
in r
undo
wn,
uns
afe
hous
ing,
go
hung
ry o
n a
regu
lar
basi
s, a
nd c
anno
t alfa
rd
need
ed h
ealth
car
e. 919
94 R
ipen
A m
othe
r w
ith fo
ur c
hild
ren
beca
me
hom
eles
s in
199
3 sa
nd h
ad to
mov
e in
to
a sh
elte
r in
Min
neap
olis
. Whe
n th
eir
EIC
ref
und
from
the
mot
her's
par
t-tim
ejo
b ar
rived
, the
y us
ed it
for
a re
ntde
posi
t and
to p
ay a
n ou
tsta
ndin
gph
one
bill.
Mov
ing
to th
e ne
w
apar
tmen
t and
get
ting
a ph
one
help
ed
the
fam
ily s
tabi
lize
econ
omic
ally
and
emot
iona
lly. L
ater
the
fam
ily r
ecei
ved
hous
ing
assi
stan
ce a
n(1
bega
n pa
ying
only
30%
of t
heir
inco
me
for
rent
.
26
Thr
ee b
road
str
ateg
ies
wou
ld e
nsur
e th
at n
o ch
ildw
heth
er in
a s
ingl
e or
two-
pare
nt f
amily
, a f
amily
wor
king
for
low
wag
es, o
r a
fam
ily r
elyi
ng o
n A
FDC
wou
ld li
ve in
pov
erty
:
ensu
ring
a li
ving
wag
e fo
r ev
ery
wor
ker
and
supp
lem
entin
g th
e ea
rnin
gs o
f lo
w in
com
e fa
mili
esas
nee
ded;
stre
ngth
enin
g th
e sa
fety
net
for
fam
ilies
who
can
not s
end
an a
dult
into
the
wor
kpla
ce; a
nd
setti
ng r
easo
nabl
e an
d en
forc
eabl
e ch
ild s
uppo
rt le
vels
bas
ed o
n ch
ildre
n's
need
s.
Ens
urin
g a
livin
g w
age
lbra
ise
the
child
ren
of w
orki
ng p
aren
ts o
ut o
f po
vert
y, th
e m
inim
um w
age
mus
t be
incr
ease
d, th
e ta
xbu
rden
on
fam
ilies
with
low
inco
mes
red
uced
, and
fin
anci
al a
ssis
tanc
e w
ith c
hild
car
e, h
ealth
car
e, a
ndho
usin
g gu
aran
teed
whe
n i;
is n
eede
d.
A f
ull-
time
min
imum
wag
e jo
b ($
4.25
/hou
r) c
anno
t cov
er th
e co
st o
f a
fam
ily's
hou
sing
, foo
d, h
ealth
care
, tra
nspo
rtat
ion,
and
chi
ld c
are
expe
nses
. The
ave
rage
cos
t of
thes
e ba
sic
nece
ssiti
es f
or a
wor
king
pare
nt w
ith tw
o ch
ildre
n to
tals
$1,
933/
tnon
th.1
In c
ompa
riso
n, a
ful
l-tim
e jo
b at
min
imum
wag
epa
ys o
nly
$736
.66/
mon
th b
efor
e ta
xes,
less
than
hal
f th
e am
ount
nee
ded.
2 E
ven
a m
inim
um w
age
of$6
.25/
hour
, as
prop
osed
in a
bill
now
bef
ore
Con
gres
s,3
wou
ld g
ener
ate
only
$1,
083.
33/m
onth
bef
ore
taxe
s.
The
fed
eral
Ear
ned
Inco
me
Cre
dit (
EIC
) an
d st
ate
Wor
king
Fam
ily C
redi
t ( N
FC)
are
curr
ently
the
best
way
to in
crea
se in
com
es o
f w
orki
ng p
aren
ts w
ho c
anno
t ear
n en
ough
to s
uppo
rt th
eir
fam
ilies
. AM
inne
sota
par
ent o
f tw
o ch
ildre
n w
orki
ng a
t min
imum
wag
e in
199
3 is
elig
ible
for
an
addi
tiona
l$1
,737
.65
in c
ombi
ned
EIC
and
WFC
cre
dits
. The
bas
ic f
eder
al c
redi
t for
a f
amily
with
two
or m
ore
child
ren
will
gro
w f
rom
$1,
511
in 1
993
to $
3,37
0 in
199
6.
TH
E E
IC A
ND
WFC
POSI
TIV
E S
TE
PS F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N
The
fede
ral F
.rne
d In
com
e C
redi
t (E
IC)
and
Min
neso
ta's
com
pani
onW
orki
ng F
amily
Cre
dit (
WF
C)
prov
ide
tax
refu
nds
to lo
w in
com
e w
orki
ngfa
mili
es w
ith d
epen
dent
chi
ldre
n.T
oget
her
thes
e pr
ogra
ms
can
rais
e th
ean
nual
inco
me
of a
fam
ily d
epen
ding
on
one
full-
time
min
imum
wag
e jo
bby
nea
rly 2
0%. I
n 19
92, 1
36,0
00 M
inne
sota
fam
ilies
rec
eive
d av
erag
ere
fund
s of
$96
0 fr
om th
e co
mbi
ned
EIC
and
WF
C. F
or m
any,
the
cre,
lits
mea
nt a
n ad
ditio
nal m
onth
of f
amily
inco
me.
4
2719
n4 R
emit
To
assu
re a
ll ch
ildre
n ac
cess
to a
dequ
ate
finan
cial
supp
ort,
the
min
imum
wag
em
ust b
e ra
ised
, Min
neso
tam
ust i
nves
t mor
e re
sour
ces
in it
s sa
fety
net
, and
all
pare
nts
mus
t mee
t the
irch
ild s
uppo
rt o
blig
atio
ns.
Chi
ld c
are
assi
stan
ce m
eans
the
diffe
renc
e be
twee
n "m
akin
g it"
and
goin
g on
wel
fare
for
Pat
ricia
, a m
othe
r
in B
lue
Ear
th C
ount
y w
ith tw
o ch
ildre
n.F
atric
ia w
orks
from
0:0
0 a.
m.-
2:30
p.m
., ea
rnin
g V
5.93
/hr
as a
nur
sing
assi
stan
t. A
t ful
l cos
t, he
r ch
ild c
are
wou
ld b
e $3
.00n
ir an
d ta
ke m
ore
than
half
her
wag
e,,,.
On
the
slid
ing
fee
child
care
pro
gram
, she
pay
s on
ly
$20.
001r
no fo
r ch
ild c
are.
Chi
ld c
are,
hea
lth c
are,
and
hou
sing
ass
ista
nce
shou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
to fa
mili
es w
ho, e
ven
with
tax
cred
its,
still
can
not s
uppo
rt th
eir
child
ren.
Chi
ld C
are.
Lac
k of
affo
rdab
le c
hild
car
e is
too
ofte
n th
e st
umbl
ing
bloc
k fo
r a
low
or
mod
erat
ein
com
e fa
mily
tryi
ng to
"m
ake
it."
Out
side
the
met
ropo
litan
are
a, th
e av
erag
e co
st o
f car
e fo
r a
todd
ler
in a
cen
ter
is $
448.
50/m
onth
. In
the
met
ropo
litan
are
a, it
is $
474.
25/m
onth
.5 C
are
for
infa
nts
and
child
ren
with
spe
cial
nee
ds c
osts
eve
n m
ore.
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ld c
are
assi
stan
ce p
rogr
am s
hare
s th
e co
st w
ith p
aren
ts, p
rovi
ding
sub
sidi
es b
ased
on fa
mily
siz
e an
d in
com
e.H
owev
er, t
he p
rogr
am d
oes
not r
each
all
elig
ible
chi
ldre
n, a
sev
iden
ced
by a
wai
ting
list o
f ove
r 6,
200
fam
ilies
.W
ith a
n in
vest
men
t of a
noth
er $
32m
illio
n/ye
ar th
ese
wai
ting
fam
ilies
cou
ld b
uy c
hild
car
e an
d go
to w
ork
or p
artic
ipat
e in
trai
ning
prog
ram
s.
Hea
lth C
are.
Sin
ce p
assa
ge o
f the
Chi
ldre
n's
Hea
lth P
lan
in 1
987,
Min
neso
ta h
as le
d th
e w
ay in
shar
ing
the
cost
of p
reve
ntiv
e he
alth
car
e w
ith p
aren
ts. W
ith e
xpan
sion
s in
Med
ical
Ass
ista
nce,
and
pass
age
of th
e 19
92 M
inne
sota
Car
e le
gisl
atio
n, n
early
all
of th
e st
ate'
s ch
ildre
n ha
ve fi
nanc
ial
acce
ss to
hea
lth c
are
thro
ugh
r,:v
ate
insu
ranc
e or
a g
over
nmen
t-su
bsid
ized
pro
gram
.
A g
ap s
till r
emai
ns, h
owev
er, f
or c
hild
ren
who
se p
aren
ts' j
obs
neith
er in
clud
e he
alth
insu
ranc
e,no
r pa
y en
ough
for
the
fam
ily to
pur
chas
e in
sura
nce
inde
pend
ently
. Whi
le th
ese
fam
ilies
are
elig
ible
for
Min
neso
taC
are,
whi
ch c
hi, ;
es m
onth
ly p
rem
ium
s on
a s
lidin
g sc
ale,
evi
denc
e is
deve
lopi
ng th
at th
e co
mbi
ned
cost
of t
he p
rem
ium
s an
d co
-pay
s ar
e to
o hi
gh a
nd a
re fo
rcin
gso
me
fam
ilies
out
of t
he p
rogr
am.
All
gove
rnm
ent s
uppo
rted
hea
lth in
sura
nce
prog
ram
s, in
clud
ing
Min
neso
taC
are
and
the
prop
osed
nat
iona
l pla
n, m
ust b
e re
alis
tic in
thei
r es
timat
es o
f '.h
at lo
w in
com
e fa
mili
es c
anaf
ford
in p
rem
ium
s an
d co
-pay
men
ts.
If th
ey a
re n
ot, M
inne
sota
will
see
an
incr
ease
, not
ade
crea
se, i
n th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n go
ing
with
out n
eces
sary
hea
lth c
are.
Hou
sing
. In
the
1960
s fa
mili
es c
ould
exp
ect t
o sp
end
25%
of t
heir
inco
mes
on
hous
ing.
But
in19
89, o
ver
thre
e-fo
urth
s of
Min
neso
ta h
ouse
hold
:, w
ith in
com
es u
nder
$10
,000
spe
nt m
ore
than
30%
of t
heir
inco
mes
for
hous
ing.
( S
ome
had
to u
se a
ll of
thei
r in
com
e fo
r ho
usin
g.?
Hou
sing
cost
s ha
ve g
one
up a
t a m
uch
fast
er r
ate
than
has
the
min
imum
wag
e or
AF
DC
. Thi
s ha
s re
sulte
din
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
rs o
f chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in c
onde
mne
d ar
m u
nsaf
e ho
usin
g or
bec
omin
gho
mel
ess.
Com
mun
ities
thro
ugho
ut M
inne
sota
hav
e in
itiat
ed p
ublic
and
priv
ate
hous
ing
prog
ram
s fo
rpe
ople
with
low
to m
oder
ate
inco
mes
. But
mor
e ar
e ne
eded
. Loc
al a
nd s
tate
gov
ernm
ent s
houl
dde
velo
p an
d fu
nd c
ompr
ehen
sive
hou
sing
pol
icie
s th
at w
ill in
crea
se s
ubsi
dies
ava
ilabl
e to
low
inco
me
fam
ilies
, im
prov
e th
e co
nditi
on o
f cur
rent
ly a
vaila
ble
rent
al p
rope
rty,
and
dev
elop
new
hom
es to
be
purc
hase
d or
ren
ted
by lo
w in
com
e fa
mili
es.
"We
arc
guilt
y of
man
y m
ista
kes
and
sins
,
but o
ur w
orst
crim
e is
aba
ndon
men
t of
the
child
,ne
glec
ting
the
foun
tain
of l
ife.
Man
y th
ings
we
need
can
wai
t.
The
chi
ld c
anno
t." Gab
riel
a M
istr
al
For
tuna
tely
, tho
usan
ds o
f Min
neso
tach
ildre
n ha
ve fa
ther
s lik
e T
orn.
Div
orce
d
whe
n hi
s so
n, M
ark,
was
five
, Tor
n pa
id
child
sup
port
unt
il M
ark
had
finis
hed
high
sch
ool,
then
pai
d vi
rtua
lly a
ll of
his
colle
ge e
xpen
ses.
Tor
n sa
ys h
e al
way
s
felt
a st
rong
mor
al a
nd fi
nanc
ial
com
mitm
ent t
o M
ark
and
cons
ider
ed
child
sup
port
one
of h
is n
orm
al li
ving
expe
nses
.
lir19
94 R
epot
,
Str
engt
heni
ng th
e sa
fety
net
Min
neso
ta's
saf
ety
net i
s fa
iling
chi
ldre
n. F
amili
es r
ecei
ving
AFD
Cth
e "w
elfa
re"
prog
ram
des
igne
d
to p
rovi
de a
t lea
st m
inim
alec
onom
ic s
uppo
rt f
oe c
hild
ren
cann
ot e
ven
affo
rd a
dec
ent t
wo-
bedr
oom
apa
rtm
ent a
nd th
ree
mea
ls a
day
.8M
inne
sota
's m
onth
ly A
FDC
gra
nt is
$53
2/m
onth
for
a
fam
ily o
f th
ree,
46%
bel
ow p
over
ty. T
wo-
thir
ds o
f al
l AFD
Cre
cipi
ents
are
chi
ldre
n. T
his
mea
ns th
at
in 1
991
duri
ng e
ach
mon
th a
n av
erag
e of
115
,512
Min
neso
ta c
hild
ren,
who
dep
ende
d on
AFD
C f
or
fina
ncia
l sup
port
, liv
ed in
dee
p po
vert
y'
Whi
le th
e st
ate
and
fede
ral g
over
nmen
ts jo
intly
fun
d A
FDC
, sta
tes
sett
he a
mou
nt o
f fi
nanc
ial s
uppo
rt
prov
ided
fam
ilies
. Gra
nts
shou
ld h
e ra
ised
in M
inne
soz1
so
that
child
ren
rece
ivin
g A
FDC
do
not l
ive
in p
over
ty.
In a
dditi
on to
set
ting
the
amou
nt o
f su
ppor
t for
fam
ilies
on
AFD
C, s
tate
s al
so r
un p
rogr
ams
to h
elp
fam
ilies
get
off
ass
ista
nce
and
into
jobs
.In
Min
neso
ta 2
,365
par
ents
left
AFD
C in
199
1, la
rgel
yth
roug
h tr
aini
ng, e
duca
tion,
and
job
serv
ices
off
ered
by
STR
IDE
, Min
neso
ta's
em
ploy
men
t and
trai
ning
pro
gram
. Unf
ortu
nate
ly, t
he a
vera
ge w
age
of a
Min
neso
ta f
amily
leav
ing
AFD
C to
take
a jo
b
is $
6.48
/hou
r; s
o m
any
fam
ilies
con
tinue
to n
eed
child
car
e,he
alth
, and
/or
hous
ing
assi
stan
ce. P
aren
ts
who
leav
e A
FDC
to ta
ke a
job
get o
ne y
ear
of "
tran
sitio
n" c
hild
car
e.Si
nce
one
out o
f fi
ve f
amili
es
who
se tr
ansi
tion
year
end
ed in
fis
cal y
ear
1993
wer
e fo
rced
to r
etur
n to
AFD
C,1
° it
is c
lear
that
one
year
of
addi
tiona
l ass
ista
nce
is n
oten
ough
.
In A
pril
1994
, Min
neso
ta w
ill la
unch
the
Min
neso
ta F
amily
Inve
stm
ent P
rogr
am (
MFI
P). A
pilo
t
prog
ram
, MFI
P w
ill a
llow
par
ents
rec
eivi
ngA
FDC
to w
ork
and
cont
inue
rec
eivi
ng a
ssis
tanc
e un
tilth
ey a
re e
arni
ng e
noug
h to
sup
port
thei
r fa
mili
es. D
urin
g M
FIP'
sfi
ve-y
ear
dem
onst
ratio
n ph
ase,
the
prog
ram
will
be
avai
labl
e to
app
roxi
mat
ely
8%of
fam
ilies
rec
eivi
ng A
FDC
.
To
help
fam
ilies
bri
dge
the
gap
betw
een
wel
fare
and
wor
k, M
inne
sota
shou
ld f
ully
fun
k. th
e ST
RID
E
prog
ram
and
incl
ude
mor
e fa
mili
es in
the
MFI
P de
mon
stra
tion.
Set
ting
and
enfo
rcin
g re
ason
able
chi
ld s
uppo
rtC
hild
sup
port
pai
d in
ful
l and
on
time
can
n:ra
n th
e di
ffer
ence
bet
wee
n po
vert
yan
d ec
onom
ic s
ecur
ity
for
child
ren
of d
ivor
ced
and
neve
r-m
arri
ed p
aren
ts. Y
et M
inne
sota
's s
yste
mfo
r es
tabl
ishi
ng p
ater
nity
and
setti
ng a
nd e
nfor
cing
chi
ld s
uppo
rt is
not
wor
king
. In
a se
para
tesp
ecia
l rep
ort,
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T f
ound
that
alm
ost o
ne-t
hird
of
the
child
ren
in M
inne
sota
'sch
ild s
uppo
rt s
yste
m la
ck e
ven
an o
rder
for
sup
port
. The
ave
rage
orde
r fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n in
the
syst
em is
$11
6/m
onth
, les
s th
an a
quar
ter
of th
e m
inim
um c
ost o
f ra
isin
g a
child
toda
y in
this
sta
te."
Tho
usan
ds o
f no
n-cu
stod
ial
pare
nts
eith
er c
anno
t or
will
not
pay
the
full
amou
nt o
rder
ed, w
hich
bri
ngs
the
aver
age
amou
ntco
llect
ed p
er c
hild
dow
n to
$77/
mon
th.
31
And
rew
's m
othe
r M
argo
cal
led
the
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s fo
r a
copy
of t
he R
ecog
nitio
n
of P
aren
tage
mat
eria
ls a
fter
she
hear
dab
out t
hem
on
the
even
ing
new
s. It
isex
actly
wha
t she
and
And
rew
's fa
ther
,
who
live
s in
ano
ther
sta
te, n
eed
so
that
And
rew
can
be
adde
d to
his
dad
'sem
ploy
er-b
ased
hea
lth in
sura
nce
polic
y.
Mar
go s
aid
she
felt
so r
elie
ved
afte
rhe
arin
g th
e ne
wsc
ast s
he w
as to
oex
cite
d to
sle
ep.
Den
's m
othe
r ca
lls h
im a
"W
IC k
id."
Pre
gnan
t and
poo
r du
ring
the
mid
-70s
,
Ben
's m
om r
ecei
ved
WIC
cou
pons
for
hers
elf d
urin
g pr
egna
ncy,
then
for
Ben
's fo
rmul
a du
ring
his
first
yea
r.T
oday
, Ben
atte
nds
colle
ge a
nd [-
lam
s
to b
ecom
e a
high
sch
ool m
ath
teac
her.
8
The
re a
re s
ever
al r
easo
ns f
or th
e la
ck o
f su
ffic
ient
chi
ld s
uppo
rt in
clud
ing
inad
equa
te g
uide
lines
, low
rate
s of
pat
erni
ty e
stab
lishm
ent f
or c
hild
ren
of u
nmar
ried
par
ents
, lac
k of
sim
plic
ity a
nd u
nifo
rmity
inth
e ch
ild s
uppo
rt s
yste
m, a
nd lo
w w
ages
for
non
-cus
todi
al p
aren
ts. M
inne
sota
has
take
n a
posi
tive
step
by c
reat
ing
an e
xped
ited
proc
edur
e fo
r es
tabl
ishi
ng p
ater
nity
. Beg
inni
ng J
anua
ry 1
, 199
4, u
nmar
ried
pare
nts
can
sign
a R
ecog
nitio
n of
Par
enta
ge a
nd im
med
iate
ly e
stab
lish
thei
r ch
ild's
pat
erni
ty.
Leg
al
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
child
ren
and
thei
r fa
ther
s gi
ve c
hild
ren
iden
tity,
acc
ess
to g
enet
ic in
form
aiio
n,an
d fi
nanc
ial b
enef
its, i
nclu
ding
the
righ
t to
child
sup
port
.
Furt
her
chan
ges
to th
e ch
ild s
uppo
rt s
yste
m w
ould
ben
efit
child
ren.
Chi
ld s
uppo
rt g
uide
lines
sho
uld
be s
impl
ifie
d an
d m
ade
less
dis
cret
iona
ry s
o th
at a
ttorn
eys
and
judg
es w
ill n
ot b
e ne
eded
to s
et le
vels
of s
uppo
rt. A
sta
tew
ide
adm
inis
trat
ive
proc
ess
for
setti
ng a
nd e
nfor
cing
sup
port
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble
to p
aren
ts w
ithou
t atto
rney
s.T
rain
ing
and
job
plac
emen
t pro
gram
s sh
ould
be
avai
labl
e to
non
-cu
stod
ial p
aren
ts w
ho n
eed
jobs
in o
rder
to m
eet t
heir
chi
ld s
uppo
rt o
blig
atio
ns.
A g
ood
begi
nnin
gIn
add
ition
to e
cono
mic
sec
urity
, chi
ldre
n ne
ed th
e be
st p
ossi
ble
circ
umst
ance
s at
bir
th. Y
et M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
fin
ds th
at m
any
earl
y in
dica
tors
of
risk
hav
e gr
own
wor
se f
or M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n.B
etw
een
1986
and
P'9
1, th
e ra
te o
f bi
rths
to u
nmar
ried
par
ents
ros
e by
36.
8%, b
irth
s to
mot
hers
unde
r ag
e 18
ros
e by
8%
, and
bir
ths
to m
othe
rs w
ith f
ewer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n ro
se b
y 12
.4%
.D
urin
g th
e sa
me
peri
od th
e ra
te o
f ba
bies
with
a lo
w b
irth
wei
ght i
ncre
ased
6%
.
To
get M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n of
f to
a b
ette
r st
art i
n lif
e, M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
rec
omm
ends
:
full
fund
ing
for
supp
lem
enta
l nut
ritio
n pr
ogra
ms;
impr
oved
acc
ess
to h
ealth
car
e; a
nd
com
mun
ity a
ctio
n to
enc
oura
ge te
enag
ers
to d
elay
chi
ldbe
arin
g.
Nut
ritio
nG
ood
pren
atal
nut
ritio
n he
lps
deve
lop
a ch
ild's
bra
in a
nd r
aise
bir
thw
eigh
t. C
hild
ren
born
too
earl
yan
d at
too
low
a b
irth
wei
ght (
unde
r 5.
5 po
unds
) ar
e at
muc
h hi
gher
ris
k fo
r de
ath
duri
ng in
fanc
y or
seri
ous
heal
th p
robl
ems
(exa
mpl
es: b
lindn
ess,
cer
ebra
l pal
sy, a
nd m
enta
l ret
arda
tion)
and
late
rde
velo
pmen
tal h
andi
caps
.12
The
bes
t way
to e
nsur
e th
at p
regn
ant w
omen
get
the
nutr
ition
they
nee
d is
to f
ully
fun
d W
IC (
Spec
ial
Supp
lem
enta
l Foo
d Pr
ogra
m f
or W
omen
, Inf
ants
and
Chi
ldre
n). W
IC p
rovi
des
food
s su
ch a
s m
ilk,
cere
al, j
uice
, and
pea
nut b
utte
r, p
lus
nutr
ition
edu
catio
n, to
pre
gnan
t wom
en a
nd c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
efi
ve w
ith f
amily
inco
mes
bel
ow 1
85%
of
pove
rty
($21
,996
/yea
r fo
r a
fam
ily o
f th
ree)
.
WIG
ben
efits
bot
h fa
mili
es a
nd ta
xpay
ers.
Eve
r W
IC d
olla
r in
vest
ed in
the
heal
th o
f a
preg
nant
3
In M
inne
apol
is, W
ay T
o G
row
pro
ject
s
empl
oy h
ome
visi
tors
to w
ork
with
the
fam
ilies
of c
hild
ren
0-6.
The
ir go
al is
to h
elp
fam
ilies
pre
pare
chi
ldre
n to
succ
eed
in s
choo
l.In
add
ition
tom
odel
ing
pare
ntin
g sk
ills
and
play
ing
with
the
child
ren,
the
hom
e vi
sito
rs h
elp
fam
ilies
ass
ess
thei
r ne
eds
and
conn
ect w
ith c
omm
unity
res
ourc
es.
Fam
ily n
eeds
var
y fr
om p
aren
t sup
port
grou
ps, t
o ge
tting
libr
ary
card
s, to
regi
ster
ing
for
AF
DC
and
hou
sing
assi
stan
ce. P
ublic
hea
lth n
urse
s, s
ocia
lw
orke
rs, a
nd p
aren
t edu
cato
rs p
rovi
deba
ck-u
p to
the
hom
e vi
sito
rs w
hose
prim
ary
oual
ifica
tions
are
str
ong
com
mun
icat
ion
and
pare
ntin
g sk
ills.
34
wom
en s
aves
$1.
92-$
4.21
in M
edic
al A
ssis
tanc
e co
sts
that
mig
ht o
ther
wis
e be
incu
rred
in c
arin
g fo
r th
em
othe
r.B
y ra
isin
g in
fant
s' b
irthw
eigh
ts, W
IC s
aves
Med
ical
Ass
ista
nce
$12,
000-
$15,
000
in la
ter
med
ical
car
e ev
ery
time
a ve
ry lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t is
prev
ente
d.12
Alth
ough
Min
neso
ta is
one
of 2
6 st
ates
to s
uppl
emen
t fed
eral
fund
ing,
its
WIC
pro
gram
can
ser
ve o
nly
two-
third
s of
elig
ible
wom
en a
nd c
hild
ren
stat
ewid
e. A
n ad
ditio
nal $
25 m
illio
n/ye
ar (
in 1
993
dolla
rs)
wou
ld a
ssur
e th
at a
ll el
igib
le w
omen
and
chi
ldre
n in
the
stat
e co
uld
rece
ive
WIC
.
Uni
vers
al a
cces
s to
hea
lth c
are
In o
rder
for
child
ren
to g
et o
ff to
a g
ood
star
t in
life,
pre
gnan
t wom
en a
nd y
oung
chi
ldre
n al
so n
eed
acce
ss to
hea
lth c
are.
As
disc
usse
d ea
rlier
, nea
rly a
ll M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n no
w h
ave
finan
cial
acc
ess
tohe
alth
car
e.H
owev
er, t
hat i
s on
ly p
art o
f the
pic
ture
. Tho
usan
ds o
f chi
ldre
n co
ntin
ue to
exp
erie
nce
harr
iers
to h
ealth
car
e cr
eate
d by
dis
tanc
e, la
ngua
ge, l
itera
cy, a
nd c
ultu
re.
In r
ural
Min
neso
ta, f
amili
es o
ften
mus
t tra
vel a
n ho
ur o
r m
ore
each
way
to a
doc
tor's
offi
ce. T
hese
long
dist
ance
s of
ten
prev
ent f
amili
es w
ith li
mite
d in
com
es a
nd li
ttle
acce
ss to
tran
spor
tatio
n fr
om o
btai
ning
prev
entiv
e he
alth
car
e. S
ome
fam
ilies
als
o go
with
out n
eede
d ca
re b
ecau
se p
aren
ts h
esita
te to
go
plac
esw
here
they
them
selv
es c
anno
t com
mun
icat
e, fe
el u
nwel
com
e, o
r be
lieve
they
will
be
trea
ted
with
disr
espe
ct."
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, t
hese
bar
riers
res
ult i
n pr
egna
nt w
omen
goi
ng w
ithou
t crit
ical
ly n
eede
dpr
enat
al c
are
and
child
ren
goin
g w
ithou
t im
mun
izat
ions
and
oth
er n
eede
d pr
even
tive
care
. In
the
long
run,
the
child
ren
may
suf
fer
from
pre
vent
able
hea
lth p
robl
ems
and
soci
ety
will
pay
for
mor
e ex
pens
ive
care
and
spe
cial
edu
catio
n.
To
assu
re u
nive
rsal
hea
lth c
are
acce
ss fo
r ch
ildre
n, M
inne
sota
nee
ds to
dev
elop
a b
ette
r ge
ogra
phic
dist
ribut
ion
of h
ealth
car
e re
sour
ces
and
ensu
re th
at c
linic
s an
d ho
spita
ls b
reak
dow
n ot
her
barr
iers
, suc
has
lang
uage
and
lite
racy
.
Del
ayin
g ch
ild h
earin
g
Whi
le a
few
ado
lesc
ents
may
be
prep
ared
for
the
econ
omic
, em
otio
nal,
and
spiri
tual
res
pons
ibili
ties
ofpa
rent
hood
, mos
t are
not
. The
y ha
ve n
ot y
et c
ompl
eted
hig
h sc
hool
, hav
e fe
w, i
f any
, wor
k sk
ills,
and
have
not
yet
had
a c
hanc
e th
emse
lves
to fi
nish
chi
ldho
od. A
lso,
few
teen
age
girls
are
mar
ried
at th
e tim
eth
ey g
ive
birt
h, w
hich
usu
ally
mea
ns th
eir
child
ren
star
t life
with
the
econ
omic
and
em
otio
nal s
uppo
rtof
onl
y on
e pa
rent
. Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
's a
nnua
l rep
ort,
80%
of b
irths
to a
dole
scen
ts in
199
1 w
ere
to u
nmar
ried
mot
hers
.15
Res
earc
h in
dica
tes
that
a te
enag
e gi
rl's
or b
oy's
sel
f-im
age,
sen
se o
f pla
ce in
the
com
mun
ity, a
nd s
ocia
l-ec
onom
ic s
tatu
s m
ore
stro
ngly
influ
ence
cho
ices
abo
ut e
arly
par
enth
ood
than
any
oth
er fa
ctor
. Tho
sew
ith a
dequ
ate
fam
ily in
com
es, h
igh
self-
este
em, a
nd a
bel
ief t
hat a
dulth
ood
will
brin
g a
satis
fyin
g ca
reer
35I 9
q4 R
epor
t
A n
eigh
bor
repo
rted
a fa
mily
toH
enne
pin
Cou
nty
Chi
ld P
rote
ctio
n fo
r
negl
ect b
ecau
se th
e ch
ildre
n sp
ent
ever
y af
tern
oon
alon
e.It
turn
ed o
utth
at b
oth
pare
nts
wer
e ho
ldin
g do
wn
full-
time
min
imum
wag
e jo
bs th
at
didn
't of
fer
bene
fits,
and
they
cou
ldn'
taf
ford
chi
ld c
are.
Afte
r th
e re
port
toC
hild
Pro
tect
ion,
the
mot
her
clui
t her
job
in o
rder
to b
e at
hom
e w
ith th
e
child
ren.
With
out h
er e
arni
ngs,
how
ever
, the
fam
ily w
ent d
eepe
r in
deb
t,
and
the
mot
her
had
to r
etur
n to
wor
k.A
gain
, som
eone
cal
led
Chi
ld P
rote
ctio
n.
Thi
s tim
e, a
Chi
ld P
rote
ctio
n w
orke
r
help
rd th
e fa
mily
sol
ve th
e pr
oble
m b
y
findi
ng a
fford
able
chi
ld c
are.
I ()
36
and
role
in th
e co
mm
unity
hav
e a
muc
h ea
sier
tim
e de
layi
ngch
ildbe
arin
g th
an d
o te
enag
ers
who
se li
fe
expe
rien
ce te
lls th
em th
at a
dulth
ood
hold
s lit
tle o
r no
prom
ise.
'6
Com
mun
ities
, sch
ools
, gov
ernm
ent,
fam
ilies
, and
con
greg
atio
nsal
l hav
e ro
les
to p
lay
in g
ivin
g te
ens
faith
in th
emse
lves
and
thei
r fu
ture
s. S
ucce
ssfu
l str
ateg
ies
empl
oyed
in c
omm
uniti
es a
cros
s th
e co
untr
y
incl
ude
men
tors
hips
for
chi
ldre
n in
gra
de s
choo
l, ju
nior
high
, and
hig
h sc
hool
; spe
cial
aca
dem
icas
sist
ance
for
stu
dent
s w
ho h
ave
trou
ble
keep
ing
up w
ithth
eir
peer
s; in
form
al c
onne
ctio
ns b
etw
een
adul
ts a
nd k
ids
at r
isk
for
earl
y pa
rent
ing;
and
you
th c
omm
unity
serv
ice.
t7 T
hese
act
ions
bui
ld o
n th
e
child
's in
ner
stre
ngth
s an
d na
tura
l res
ilien
ce, e
ncou
rage
thou
ghtf
ul,
info
rmed
cho
ices
, and
hav
e a
posi
tive
effe
ct o
n ot
her
aspe
cts
of li
ving
. Con
fide
ntia
l fam
ilypl
anni
ng s
ervi
ces
shou
ld a
lso
be a
vaila
ble
for
adol
esce
nts
who
pla
n to
bec
ome,
or
are,
sex
ually
act
ive.
No
prog
ram
bui
lds
self
-est
eem
, how
ever
, as
wel
l as
a so
lided
ucat
ion,
a g
ood
job,
and
rea
l hop
e fo
r th
e
,utu
re. W
hen
child
ren
see
thei
r pa
rent
s in
jobs
that
sup
port
the
fam
ily, t
heir
sel
f-es
teem
incr
ease
s an
d
they
can
beg
in to
vis
ualiz
e a
futu
re f
or th
emse
lves
. Pub
lic a
genc
ies
and
priv
ate
busi
ness
es m
ust w
ork
toge
ther
to d
evel
op jo
bs th
at w
ill s
uppo
rt f
amili
es a
nd g
ive
child
ren
hope
.
Pro
tect
ion
from
vio
lenc
e an
d ne
glec
tM
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
fou
nd tr
oubl
ing
sign
s of
incr
easi
ngvi
olen
ce a
nd n
egle
ct in
chi
ldre
n's
lives
.
The
mos
t obv
ious
is th
at th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n fo
r w
hom
neg
lect
and
abus
e w
ere
subs
tant
iate
d ro
se
by 3
1.8%
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991.
The
incr
easi
ng v
iole
nce
of c
hild
ren'
s cr
imes
is a
noth
er in
dica
tor
of tr
oubl
e. A
lthou
gh th
e m
ajor
ity o
f th
eir
crim
es c
ontin
ue to
be
prop
erty
and
stat
us o
ffen
ses,
the
prop
ortio
n ca
usin
g di
rect
har
m to
peo
ple
crim
es s
uch
as m
urde
r, r
obbe
ry, a
ssau
lt, a
nd r
ape
incr
ease
d by
13.
8% b
etw
een
1987
and
199
1.
The
ris
ing
rate
of
scho
ol d
ropo
uts
can
be a
n in
dica
tor
of v
iole
nce
and
negl
ect i
n ch
ildre
n's
fam
ilies
, as
wel
l as
the
inab
ility
of
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
ms
to m
eet c
hild
ren'
s ne
eds.
Bet
wee
n sc
hool
yea
rs 1
986-
87
and
1991
-92,
Min
neso
ta's
ove
rall
scho
ol d
ropo
ut r
ate
rose
by
25%
,fr
om 2
.8%
to 3
.5%
.T
he
stat
ewid
e av
erag
e, h
owev
er, h
ides
the
muc
h hi
gher
rat
es e
xper
ienc
ed b
y ce
rtai
n gr
oups
of c
hild
ren.
In
1991
, 14.
1% o
f A
fric
an A
mer
ican
stu
dent
s dr
oppe
d ou
t of
scho
ol, a
sdi
d 13
% o
f A
mer
ican
Ind
ian
stud
ents
, and
11.
3% o
f H
ispa
nic
stud
ents
. Am
ong
"sig
ns o
f tr
oubl
e"on
ly th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n w
ho
died
vio
lent
ly im
prov
ed b
etw
een
the
mid
-198
0s a
nd th
e ea
rly
1990
s.
37
1994
Rep
ortir
Pilg
rim A
cade
my
prov
ides
qua
lity,
low
-
cost
chi
ld c
are
and
early
edu
catio
n to
fam
ilies
in th
e S
umm
it-U
nive
rsity
neig
hbor
hood
of 5
t. P
aul.
Pilg
rim
Bap
tist C
hurc
h, it
s ho
me
cong
rega
tion,
prov
ides
fina
ncia
l sup
port
. Mem
bers
of
Pilg
rim B
aptis
t for
med
and
cont
ribut
ed to
the
"Hun
dred
Dol
lar
Clu
b" to
hel
p w
ith th
e or
igin
al s
tart
-up
cost
s. 5
t. P
eter
Cla
ver
Cat
holic
Chu
rch,
whe
re th
e pr
ogra
m is
hou
sed,
supp
orts
the
Aca
dem
y by
red
ucin
g
the
rent
. 3319
94R
epor
t
Sch
ool,
com
mun
ity, a
nd fa
mily
mus
t beg
in e
arly
in c
hild
ren'
s liv
es to
wor
k to
geth
er p
rote
ctin
gch
ildre
n fr
om v
iole
nce
and
negl
ect.
To
crea
te a
saf
e, n
urtu
ring
envi
ronm
ent f
or a
ll ch
ildre
n,M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
rec
omm
ends
:
econ
omic
sec
urity
;
mor
e co
t Ipr
ehen
sive
chi
ld c
are
polic
ies;
prog
ram
s fo
r pa
rent
s; a
nd
safe
r co
mm
uniti
es.
Eco
nom
ic s
ecur
ityP
over
ty d
oes
not c
ause
chi
ld a
buse
.It
does
, how
ever
, inc
reas
e st
ress
and
frus
trat
ions
, whi
ch t.
an
lead
to a
buse
. Pov
erty
als
o pl
ays
an e
norm
ous
role
in th
e ne
glec
t of c
hild
ren.
In th
eir
stud
y, W
atte
nber
gan
d C
assi
dy fo
und
that
chi
ld n
egle
ct r
epre
sent
ed 4
5% o
f all
subs
tant
iate
d ca
ses
of a
buse
and
neg
lect
in M
inne
sota
bet
wee
n 19
84 a
nd 1
990,
and
that
the
negl
ect w
as a
lmos
t alw
ays
a re
sult
of fa
mily
pove
rty.
I R
Dur
ing
this
sam
e pe
riod,
sub
stan
tiate
d ca
ses
of n
egle
ct in
crea
sed
56%
.
An
effe
ctiv
e pr
even
tive
stra
tegy
for
redu
cing
chi
ld n
egle
ct is
to g
uara
ntee
fam
ily e
cono
mic
sec
urity
. As
men
tione
d ea
rlier
, fam
ilies
with
out e
cono
mic
res
ourc
es c
anno
t pro
vide
bas
ic n
eces
sitie
s fo
r th
eir
child
ren.
It is
no
solu
tion
sim
ply
to c
ateg
oriz
e th
ese
child
ren
as "
negl
ecte
d."
Com
preh
ensi
ve c
hild
car
e po
licie
s
Nur
turin
g ch
ildre
n ta
kes
time.
Yet
the
maj
ority
of p
aren
ts in
Min
neso
ta w
ork
outs
ide
the
hom
e(n
early
all
fath
ers
and
72%
of m
othe
rs o
f chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18)
and
mus
t tur
n to
oth
ers
for
care
for
thei
r ch
ildre
n. Q
ualit
y ch
ild c
are
and
a va
riety
of a
fter-
scho
ol p
rogr
ams
for
olde
r ch
ildre
n ar
e ne
eded
.F
amily
leav
e m
ust b
e av
aila
ble
for
pare
nts
with
new
born
or
il! c
hild
ren.
Hea
d S
tart
mus
t con
tinue
toex
pand
in o
rder
to s
erve
elig
ible
chi
ldre
n w
hose
par
ents
wor
k ou
tsid
e th
e ho
me.
Fam
ily le
ave
and
child
car
e po
licie
s w
ork
toge
ther
to n
urtu
re c
hild
ren.
In M
iie
sota
, new
par
ents
are
entit
led
to a
t lea
st s
ix w
eeks
of u
npai
d le
ave
whe
n th
ey h
ave
a ne
wbo
rn o
r ne
wly
ado
pted
chi
ld; p
aren
tsw
orki
ng fo
r la
rge
com
pani
es c
an a
lso
take
leav
e to
car
e fo
r a
sick
chi
ld. H
owev
er, l
ow in
com
e pa
rent
sca
nnot
affo
rd to
take
unp
aid
leav
e. P
aid
fam
ily le
ave
shou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
to fa
mili
es w
ith v
ery
youn
gch
ildre
n by
;ink
ing
subs
idiz
ed c
hild
car
e w
ith p
aren
tal l
eave
or
exte
ndin
g th
e ch
ild c
are
tax
cred
it to
pare
nts
who
sta
y at
hom
e. T
he b
ill b
efor
e th
e 19
94 M
inne
sota
Leg
isla
ture
to e
xten
d th
e ch
ild c
are
tax
cred
it to
par
ents
who
dec
ide
to s
tay
at h
ome
is a
ste
p in
the
right
dire
ctio
n.
Hea
d S
tart
is a
cos
t-ef
fect
ive
pre-
scho
ol p
rogr
am fo
r ch
ildre
n in
low
inco
me
fam
ilies
. The
pro
gram
prep
ares
chi
ldre
n fo
r sc
hool
and
pro
vide
s th
eir
fam
ilies
with
a w
ide
rang
e of
ser
vice
s, in
clud
ing
39-1
1111
1111
1111
1111
111
1I
"The
wal
ks a
nd ta
lks
we
have
with
our
child
ren
... h
ave
a gr
eat d
eal t
o
do w
ith th
e va
lues
they
will
che
rish
as a
dults
."
Edi
t h F
. Hun
ter,
edu
cato
r
Mem
bers
of t
he C
ass
Lake
/Wal
ker
Leag
ue o
f Wom
en V
oter
s he
aded
an
18-
mon
th c
omm
unity
effo
rt to
bui
ld a
play
grou
nd fo
r th
e ch
ildre
n of
Cas
sLa
ke. T
hey
rais
ed fu
nds
and
in-k
ind
cont
ribut
ions
; con
trac
ted
with
Rob
ert
Leat
hers
Com
pany
of I
thac
a, N
ew Y
ork,
for
the
desi
gn; a
nd o
btai
ned
perm
issi
on fr
om th
e sc
hool
boa
rd to
build
on
scho
ol p
rope
rty.
The
arc
hite
ctw
orke
d w
ith lo
cal c
hild
ren
durin
g th
e
desi
gn p
hase
. the
n di
rect
ed th
eco
nstr
uctio
n w
hich
was
don
e by
volu
ntee
rs. C
alle
d "D
ream
catc
her
Par
k,"
the
park
can
now
acc
omm
odat
e
200
child
ren
at a
tim
e (4
50 c
hild
ren
are
enro
lled
in th
e sc
hool
).
I'
40
pare
ntin
g ed
ucat
ion.
An
addi
tiona
l $66
mill
ion
(in 1
993
dolla
rs)
in s
tate
and
/or
fede
ral f
undi
ngw
ould
brin
g th
e cu
rren
t lev
el o
f Hea
d S
tart
ser
vice
s to
all
elig
ible
Min
neso
ta c
hild
ren.
The
sin
gle
mos
t im
port
ant f
acto
r in
ens
urin
g qu
ality
chi
ld c
are
is p
reve
ntin
g tu
rnov
er o
f chi
ld c
are
wor
kers
.Y
et c
hild
car
e te
ache
rs in
Min
neso
ta s
tart
at a
n av
erag
e $6
.50/
hour
or
$13,
520/
year
.19
Min
neso
ta s
houl
d co
ntin
ue to
exp
lore
way
s to
incr
ease
chi
ld c
are
wor
ker
wag
es, i
n or
der
to b
oth
impr
ove
the
qual
ity o
f car
e fo
r ch
ildre
n an
d to
cre
ate
wor
thw
hile
jobs
for
pare
nts.
Pro
gram
s fo
r pa
rent
sP
rove
n, c
ost-
effe
ctiv
e m
easu
res
for
prev
entin
g vi
olen
ce to
chi
ldre
n in
clud
e pa
rent
edu
catio
n, p
aren
tsu
ppor
t gro
ups,
res
pite
car
e, a
nd h
ome
visi
ts fr
om tr
aine
d co
mm
unity
mem
bers
.T
hrou
gh th
ese
stra
tegi
es p
eopl
e w
ith e
xper
ient
ial w
isdo
m a
s w
ell a
s ac
adem
ic k
now
ledg
e te
ach
new
par
ents
wha
tch
ildre
n ne
ed a
nd h
ow to
han
dle
the
inev
itabl
e fr
ustr
atio
ns w
ithou
t res
ortin
g to
vio
lenc
e. T
hey
also
give
par
ents
who
are
str
esse
d fr
om u
nend
ing
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
at h
ome
and
on th
e jo
b an
opp
ortu
nity
to le
ave
thei
r ch
ildre
n in
saf
e ha
nds
for
a fe
w h
ours
.
Saf
er c
omm
uniti
esIn
add
ition
to s
tabl
e ho
mes
and
fam
ilies
, chi
ldre
n ne
ed s
afe
and
nurt
urin
g co
mm
uniti
es. C
hild
ren
dono
t fee
l saf
e no
w. A
rec
ent n
atio
nal p
oll o
f par
ents
and
chi
ldre
n fo
und
that
vio
lent
crim
e is
the
prim
ary
fear
of a
iaaj
ority
of c
hild
ren.
20
Pub
lic le
ader
s, fr
om P
resi
dent
Clin
ton
to lo
cal s
choo
l prin
cipa
ls, a
re e
xpre
ssin
g th
eir
incr
easi
ng a
larm
at th
e le
vel o
f vio
lenc
e in
toda
y's
soci
ety.
Now
here
can
the
deva
stat
ing
effe
cts
of th
at v
iole
nce
be s
een
mor
e cl
early
than
in th
e liv
es o
f our
chi
ldre
nch
ildre
n m
urde
red
sens
eles
sly,
chi
ldre
n liv
ing
with
guns
in th
eir
hom
es a
nd c
omm
uniti
es, c
hild
ren
killi
ng o
ther
chi
ldre
n, a
ndch
ildre
n ch
oosi
ng s
uici
de
whe
n th
ey c
an n
o lo
nger
bea
r th
eir
pain
.
The
re is
no
sing
le k
ey to
sto
ppin
g th
e vi
olen
ce in
chi
ldre
n's
lives
.B
ut th
ere
are
man
y ch
ange
s th
at
toge
ther
will
beg
in to
turn
the
tide
of v
iole
nce.
In a
dditi
on to
nur
turin
g ch
ildre
n fr
om a
n ea
rly a
ge,
help
ing
adul
ts to
be
gcod
par
ents
and
incr
easi
ng e
cono
mic
sec
urity
, Min
neso
tans
sho
uld
supp
ort g
unco
ntro
l, re
duce
chi
ldre
n's
expo
sure
to g
lam
oriz
ed a
nd g
raph
ic v
iole
nce
in th
e m
edia
, and
teac
hm
edia
tion
and
conf
lict-
reso
lutio
n sk
ills
from
an
early
age
.
4119
94 R
ipen
lar.
"Thi
s i5
wha
t no
one
war
ns y
ou a
bout
,
whe
n yo
u de
cide
to h
ave
child
ren.
The
re
is 5
0 m
uch
writ
ten
abou
t the
cos
t and
the
chan
ges
in y
c,ir
way
of l
ife, b
ut n
o
one
ever
tells
you
that
wha
t the
y ar
ego
ing
to h
and
you
in th
e ho
spita
l is
pow
er, w
heth
er y
ou w
ant i
t or
not."
Ann
a Q
uire
ller
7
42
A c
lose
r lo
ok a
t our
selv
esT
he tr
ends
rev
eale
d in
this
clo
ser
look
at M
inne
sota
's c
hild
ren
are
dish
eart
enin
g, b
ut r
ever
sibl
e. T
hepo
wer
for
chan
ge r
ests
in o
ur h
ands
. How
do
we
begi
n?
We
begi
n w
ith u
nder
stan
ding
chi
ldre
n ar
e fu
ll hu
man
bei
ngs
plac
ed in
our
car
e te
mpo
raril
y. T
hey
need
us
to w
alk
with
them
, offe
ring
prot
ectio
n an
d gu
idan
ce, a
s th
ey g
row
tow
ard
adul
thoo
d.
Our
cal
l to
actio
n be
gins
with
the
child
ren
in o
ur o
wn
lives
. We
mus
t acc
ept r
espo
nsib
ility
for
thei
rca
re, b
e th
ere
whe
n th
ey n
eed
us, a
nd p
ut th
eir
need
s be
fore
our
ow
n. W
e ne
ed to
enc
oura
ge a
ndsu
ppor
t the
m in
diff
icul
t tim
es a
nd c
eleb
rate
the
good
tim
es. W
e m
ust m
ake
sure
we
mee
t the
ir ne
eds,
not u
se th
em to
mee
t our
s.
How
we
trea
t chi
ldre
n m
olds
how
they
val
ue th
emse
lves
and
trea
t oth
ers.
"If c
hild
ren
live
with
criti
cism
, the
y le
arn
to c
onde
mn.
If ch
ildre
n liv
e w
ith h
ostil
ity, t
hey
lear
n to
figh
t...If
chi
ldre
n liv
ew
ith e
ncou
rage
men
t, th
ey le
arn
conf
iden
ce. I
f chi
ldre
n liv
e w
ith fa
irnes
s, th
ey le
arn
just
ice.
"
If w
e w
ant o
ur c
hild
ren
to v
alue
just
ice,
we
mus
t red
istr
ibut
e re
sour
ces
so fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
are
not i
n po
vert
y.If
we
wan
t our
you
ng p
eopl
e to
del
ay s
exua
l act
ivity
and
pre
gnan
cy, w
e m
ust m
odel
resp
onsi
ble
beha
vior
as
adul
ts a
nd r
efle
ct th
at b
ehav
ior
in te
levi
sion
, mov
ies,
and
mus
ic.
If w
e w
ant
child
ren
to v
alue
pea
ce, w
e m
ust t
reat
them
non
-vio
lent
ly a
nd te
ach
them
to r
esol
ve c
onfli
ct p
eace
fully
.
Thi
s re
spon
sibi
lity
does
not
end
at o
ur fr
ont d
oors
. As
adul
ts, w
e ar
e re
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
e w
ell-b
eing
of
all c
hild
ren
in o
ur c
omm
unity
, our
sta
te, a
nd o
ur n
atio
n. It
is o
ur jo
b to
ass
ure
that
chi
ldre
n ha
ve fi
rst
clai
m o
n ou
r re
sour
ces
and
atte
ntio
n. C
hild
ren
who
find
a r
espo
nsiv
e w
orld
, one
that
mee
ts th
eir
basi
cne
eds
for
food
, she
lter,
clo
thin
g, a
nd n
urtu
ring,
will
exp
erie
nce
trus
t and
sec
urity
and
will
imag
ine
afu
ture
.
Ofte
n, w
hat w
e se
e in
our
chi
ldre
n m
irror
s th
e so
ciet
y ad
ults
form
. As
you
look
at t
he im
age
of th
ech
ildre
n in
you
r co
unty
, wha
t do
you
see?
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T c
alls
all
of u
s to
a n
ewun
ders
tand
ing
of w
ho c
hild
ren
are
and
a re
new
ed a
ccep
tanc
e of
res
pons
ibili
ty fo
r th
e ch
ildre
n in
our
lives
and
com
mun
ities
.
Ada
pted
from
Dor
othy
Law
Nol
te's
poe
m in
the
July
197
2 is
sue
of B
aptis
t Lea
der.
- --
----
-__
4319
94 R
epor
t
1111
1111
,1
0 1
$
itstc
vctr
y
'chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
VIZ
N
chik
lirve
enig
bh(i
)nri
gi
ChC
ihid
ifiC
eirl
ienbo
rn to
mot
hers
und
erag
e is
Chi
ldre
n bo
rnto
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an
12 y
ers
of
educ
atio
nC
hild
ren
abus
ed a
ndne
glec
ted
V11
11`l
ret%
drop
ping
out
of
scfr
:,",
"'"'
t4cr
ime.
; Lig
ains
tPe4
4
kids
coun
tm
inne
sota
1994
Rep
ort
46I
()
Kitt
son
Mar
shal
l
Ros
eau
Pen
ning
ton
,iRed
Lak
e
Pol
k
Lake
of th
eW
oods
Nor
man
Bec
ker
Cla
y
Wilk
In
Gra
nt
Tra
ver
Ste
vens
Pop
e
soS
wift
Otte
r T
all
Bei
tram
l
Hub
bard
Dou
glas
Tod
d
Cas
s
Koo
chic
hing
4 Itasc
a
Cro
wW
ing
Mor
rison
Ste
arns
Ben
ton
Aitk
in
Mill
sLa
cs
St.
Loui
s
Car
lton
Pin
e
lean
t)0
Coo
k
Lake
Min
neso
ta C
ount
ies
She
rbur
ne
Ano
ka
Kan
diyo
hlM
eeke
rW
right
qul P
aris
Chi
ppew
a
McL
eod
Car
ver
Yel
low
Med
icin
eR
envi
lle
LInc
oir
Lyon
Red
woo
d
Dak
ota
Sib
ley
Pip
e-st
one
Roc
k
Mur
ray
Nob
les
Cot
tonw
ood
Jack
son
Bro
wn
Wab
ash'
Blu
e E
arth
sell
Wet
onw
en
Mar
tin
1111
111C
dge
Olm
sted
Far
ibau
ltF
reeb
orn
Mow
er
Win
ona
Fill
mor
eH
oust
on
1
:31
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE'..
_.; .J
"We
know
this
gen
erat
ion
will
not
pas
s
this
way
aga
in."
Bis
hop
Dav
id W
. Ols
on,
Eva
ngel
ical
Lut
hera
n C
hurc
h in
Am
eric
a,M
inne
apol
is A
rea
Syn
od
4.IN
DIC
AT
OR
S O
F R
ISK
TO
MIN
NE
SO
TA
'S C
HIL
DR
EN
In o
rder
to ta
ke a
clo
ser
look
at c
hild
ren
in c
omm
uniti
es a
cros
s th
e st
ate,
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
Tse
lect
ed k
ey in
dica
tors
of
child
wel
l-be
ing.
The
indi
cato
rs m
easu
re th
e ri
sks
child
ren
face
in r
elat
ion
tow
hat t
hey
need
econ
omic
sec
urity
, str
ong
birt
h ci
rcum
stan
ces,
and
pro
tect
ion
from
vio
lenc
e an
dne
glec
t.
The
maj
ority
of
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n ar
e fa
ring
wel
l: th
ey a
re e
cono
mic
ally
sec
ure,
beg
in li
fe w
ith th
epe
rson
al a
nd f
amily
res
ourc
es th
ey n
eed,
and
are
gro
win
g up
in s
afe
envi
ronm
ents
. How
ever
, tho
usan
dsof
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n do
not
hav
e th
ese
basi
c un
derp
inni
ngs,
and
tren
ds a
re m
ovin
g in
the
wro
ngdi
rect
ion.
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T c
hose
thre
e br
oad
grou
ps o
f in
dica
tors
to s
how
how
wel
l Min
neso
ta c
hild
ren
are
doin
g.
"Fam
ily E
cono
mic
s" s
how
s th
e ex
tent
to w
hich
chi
ldre
n ar
c at
ris
k be
caus
e th
eir
fam
ilies
are
una
ble
topr
ovid
e fo
r th
eir
basi
c ne
eds.
Thr
ee in
dica
tors
are
incl
uded
in th
is g
roup
ing:
child
ren
livin
g in
pov
erty
child
ren
livin
g in
sin
gle
pare
nt f
amili
es
child
ren
depe
nden
t on
AFD
C
"Bir
th c
ircu
mst
ance
s" in
clud
es f
acto
rs p
rese
nt w
hen
a ch
ild is
bor
n th
at in
dica
te w
heth
er th
e ch
ild is
likel
y to
he
poor
or
suff
er s
erio
us h
ealth
pro
blem
s. F
our
indi
cato
rs a
re in
clud
ed in
this
gro
upin
g:
child
ren
horn
co
unm
arri
ed p
aren
ts
birt
hwei
ght l
ess
than
5.5
pou
nds
child
ren
horn
to m
othe
rs w
ho a
rc le
ss th
an a
ge 1
8
child
ren
horn
to m
othe
rs w
ho h
ave
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
educ
atio
n
"Sig
ns o
f T
roub
le"
prov
ides
a m
easu
re o
f th
e le
vel o
f vi
olen
ce in
chi
ldre
n's
lives
.Fo
ur in
dica
tors
are
incl
uded
in th
is g
roup
ing:
subs
tant
iate
d ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
scho
ol d
ropo
ut
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e co
mm
itted
by
child
ren
child
sui
cide
s, h
omic
ides
, and
oth
er v
iole
nt d
eath
s
4919
94 R
epon
48
Pers
onal
res
ilien
ce, a
sup
port
ive
fam
ily a
ndlin
kage
s to
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
mak
e a
criti
cal
diff
eren
ce, d
oing
muc
h to
alle
viat
e th
e ef
fect
s of
pove
rty,
abu
se, a
nd la
ck o
f a
form
aled
ucat
ion.
The
per
cent
cha
nge
betw
een
the
base
yea
r an
dth
e cu
rren
t yea
r in
dica
tes
whe
ther
chi
ldre
n's
lives
are
get
ting
bette
r or
wor
se o
ver
time.
Few
of
thes
e in
dica
tors
sta
nd a
lone
in a
chi
ld's
life.
Rat
her,
they
tend
to b
e in
ter-
rela
ted
and
conn
ecte
d
to p
over
ty. F
or in
stan
ce, a
teen
age
mot
her
is m
ore
likel
y th
an n
or to
be
sing
le,
have
few
er th
an 1
2
year
s of
edu
catio
n an
d be
poo
r,w
hich
put
s he
r ch
ild a
t hig
h ri
sk f
or lo
wbi
rthw
eigh
t and
ther
efor
e
mor
e su
scep
tible
to s
ever
eill
ness
, dis
abili
ties,
and
dif
ficu
lty le
arni
ng. O
ne in
12 n
ew f
amili
es in
Min
neso
ta in
199
0 w
as h
eade
d by
an
unm
arri
ed te
enm
othe
r w
ho h
ad n
ot f
inis
hed
high
sch
ool.
Whe
n th
ese
fact
ors
lack
of
educ
atio
n, m
othe
r un
der
age
18, a
nd p
aren
tsw
ho a
re n
ot m
arri
ed
occu
r in
com
bina
tion,
child
ren
are
at g
reat
ris
k fo
r lo
ng te
rm p
over
ty a
ndfa
mily
inst
abili
ty.
Whi
le M
inne
sota
ns m
ust b
e co
ncer
ned
abou
t ris
ks to
child
ren,
indi
cato
rs s
houl
d ne
ver
be r
ead
as
dete
rmin
ants
of
child
ren'
s fu
ture
s.Pe
rson
al r
esili
ence
, sup
port
ive
fam
ily a
nd f
rien
ds,
and
linka
ges
to c
omm
unity
res
ourc
esm
ake
a cr
itica
l dif
fer,
nce,
doi
ng m
uch
to a
llevi
ate
the
effe
cts
of p
over
ty,
abus
e, a
nd la
ck o
f a
form
al e
duca
tion.
Con
vers
ely,
the
abse
nce
of a
ny o
bvio
us r
isk
indi
cato
rs in
a
child
's li
fe s
houl
d no
t be
read
as
a ce
rtai
n "a
ll cl
ear"
sig
n.C
hild
ren
born
into
mat
eria
l com
fort
and
stab
le f
amili
es a
re a
lso
subj
ect t
o ill
ness
, iso
latio
n,de
velo
pmen
tal p
robl
ems,
vio
lenc
e, a
nd e
arly
pare
ntho
od.
How
to R
ead
the
Tab
les
The
fol
low
ing
tabl
es, o
ne f
or e
ach
indi
cato
r, p
rese
ntda
ta f
or a
bas
e ye
ar a
nd f
or th
e m
ost r
ecen
t yea
r
for
whi
ch c
ompl
ete
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
dat
a ar
eav
aila
ble.
The
tabl
es a
lso
show
the
perc
ent c
hang
e
betw
een
the
base
and
cur
rent
yea
rs.
Dat
a co
ncer
ning
pop
ulat
ion,
pov
erty
and
sin
gle
pare
ntho
useh
olds
are
fro
m th
e 19
80 a
nd 1
990
cens
uses
. The
Min
neso
taD
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n pr
ovid
ed d
ata
for
calc
ulat
ing
scho
ol d
ropo
ut r
ates
in s
choo
l yea
rs 1
986-
87 a
nd 1
991-
92. T
he S
upre
me
Cou
rt o
f M
inne
sota
pro
vide
d da
ta o
n ch
ild c
rim
e
for
the
year
s 19
87 a
nd 1
991.
The
Min
neso
taD
epar
tmen
ts o
f H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
prov
ided
the
data
for
all
othe
r in
dica
tors
usi
ng 1
986
as th
e ba
se y
ear
and
1991
as
the
curr
ent y
ear.
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T p
rese
nts
mos
t dat
a fo
r th
e ba
sean
d cu
rren
t yea
rs in
per
cent
age
form
, in
orde
r to
sho
w th
e re
lativ
e m
agni
tude
of
the
prob
lem
for
child
ren.
The
exc
eptio
ns a
re c
hild
abu
sean
d
child
dea
th b
y vi
olen
ce.
Bec
ause
the
who
le n
umbe
rs a
re s
mal
l in
com
pari
son
toth
e to
tal c
hild
popu
latio
n, th
e pe
rcen
tage
s lo
ok ti
ny a
nd c
ould
ther
efor
e be
inte
rpre
ted
as in
sign
ific
ant.
Whe
re
viol
ence
is c
once
rned
, how
ever
, any
num
ber
abov
e ze
rosp
ells
a s
igni
fica
nt r
isk
to c
hild
ren.
For
this
reas
on, t
he ta
bles
use
who
le n
umbe
rs f
or c
hild
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct a
nd c
hild
deat
h by
vio
lenc
e.
The
per
cent
cha
nge
betw
een
the
base
yea
r an
d th
e cu
rren
t yea
rind
icat
es w
heth
er c
hild
ren'
s liv
es a
re
getti
ng b
ette
r or
wor
se o
ver
time.
It is
the
key
to b
egin
ning
to u
nder
stan
d ho
ww
ell c
omm
uniti
es
are
cari
ng f
or c
hild
ren.
51..
1994
Rep
ort 1
1,11
r
Koe
chlth
ing
Itasc
a
1-4,
,hra
rc1
Dou
glas
Pop
eS
tear
ns
Sw
iftK
andl
yohl
Mee
ker.
Chi
ppew
a
Bro
wn
fi Isan
ti
Anoka
right
Car
ver
Dskots
alb
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
inM
inne
sota
1989
less
than
10%
10 -
19.
9%
20%
and
ove
r
Goo
dhue
Ste
ele
Wab
asha
CO
PYA
VA
ILA
BL
1'04
Rer
M f
Olm
sted
Nob
les
Jack
son
For
lbou
ltF
reeb
orn
PIll
nIO
nsH
oust
on
5253
Chi
ldre
n in
Pmer
ty
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
.10
10 W
OR
ST
akc
I mils
1(.1
rnsc
y
Car
lton
l'eni
fingw
nI i
enne
pal
NIA
rtin
blue
[Ara
i
54
Cha
nged
for
the
Bet
ter
Sta
te
Cha
nge
21.6
%-*
a
Cha
nged
for
the
Wor
se
I
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
80 C
ensu
s19
90 C
ensu
s%
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18*
1,15
6,53
91,
146,
790
-.8%
Chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in p
over
tyN
umbe
r11
7,96
714
2,20
2+
20.5
%
Pro
port
ion
10.2
%12
.4%
41.6
%
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e fo
r al
l fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n$2
2,21
3$3
9,93
9+
79.8
%
(Inc
ome
figur
es n
ot c
onve
rted
to c
onst
ant d
olla
rs)
'Pov
erty
is c
alcu
late
d fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n ex
cept
thos
e liv
ing
in il
l: lin
al0M
, mili
tary
barr
acks
, col
lege
dor
-
mito
ries,
and
(if
unde
r ag
e 15
) in
hom
es o
f non
-rel
ativ
es.
1I
=N
W
I...L
.4
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1990
Cen
sus
1980
Cen
sus
N # N -; r
8 11.1
,3Q
rsi f-
e *
N CO N '
co
Cou
nty
ao ci
1"00
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e III
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U.
88 rf.; II `4. U.
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tNi I T. 0
55
N 'ft I
N N oo sO
ic I N t-
:8
N ii19
94 R
epor
t
I I
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in p
over
ty a
rc a
t hig
h ris
k fo
r
mal
nutr
ition
, hun
ger,
col
d, p
oor
hous
ing,
fre-
quen
t mov
es th
at in
terr
upt f
amily
sta
bilit
yan
d
scho
olin
g, a
nd h
igh
leve
ls o
f per
sona
l and
fam
i-ly
str
ess.
The
se p
robl
ems
can
inte
rfer
e w
ith
inte
llect
ual,
phys
ical
and
em
otio
nal d
evel
op-
men
t and
ther
efor
e ca
use
long
-ter
m d
evas
tatio
nto
a c
hild
's jo
urne
y to
war
d ad
ulth
ood.
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T u
ses
the
fede
ral
pove
rty
line
to m
easu
re th
e nu
mbe
rof
chi
ldre
nw
ho a
re p
oor.
Som
e po
or c
hild
ren
mus
t rel
y
prim
arily
on
AF
DC
, whi
le o
ther
s liv
e on
the
inco
mes
of p
aren
ts e
arni
ng m
inim
al w
ages
.T
he p
over
ty g
uide
lines
are
so
low
, how
ever
,th
at th
ousa
nds
of c
hild
ren
livin
g ab
ove
the
pove
rty
line
are
also
at r
isk.
Chi
ldre
n in
Min
neso
ta a
re g
ettin
g po
orer
.A
ccor
ding
to th
e 19
90 C
ensu
s.12
.4%
of c
hil-
dren
(14
2,20
2) u
nder
age
l& w
ere
livin
g in
pove
rty
in 1
989,
a 2
1.6%
incr
ease
ove
rth
e
1979
leve
l. F
orty
-tw
o co
untie
s sh
owed
incr
eas-
es r
angi
ng fr
om 1
.6%
to 1
92.9
%, 4
4 sh
owed
decr
ease
s, a
nd o
ne n
o ch
ange
. The
cou
ntie
sw
ith th
e hi
ghes
t rat
es o
f pov
erty
in 1
989
form
a
clus
ter
in th
e no
rth
cent
ral p
art o
f the
sta
te, a
ndth
ose
with
low
est f
orm
a r
ing
arou
nd H
enne
pin
and
Ram
sey
Cou
ntie
s, c
ente
r of
the
stat
e's
larg
est m
etro
polit
an a
rea
(see
map
on
page
19)
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LE
Chi
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Sin
gle
tPar
ent l
bous
ehol
ds
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
158
Cha
nged
for
the
Bet
ter
Sta
te
Cha
nge
37.3
%
Cha
nged
for
the
Wor
se
tt
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1990
Cen
sus
1'18
0 C
ensu
s
Cou
nty
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
80 C
ensu
s19
90 C
ensu
s9'
o C
hang
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
IV1,
133,
632
1,12
0,66
9-1
.1%
Chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
:N
umbe
r13
3,39
618
1,78
8+
36.3
%
Pro
port
ion
11.8
%16
.2%
+37
.3%
Med
ian
inco
me
by fa
mily
type
Sin
gle
mot
her
fam
ily$1
0,40
8$1
6,93
2+
62.7
%
Sin
gle
fath
er fa
mily
$17,
519
$29,
046
+65
.8%
Mar
ried
coup
le fa
mily
$23,
141
$39,
895
+72
.4%
(Inc
ome
figur
es n
ot c
onve
rted
to c
onst
ant d
olla
rs)
'Chi
ldre
n in
clud
e so
ns o
r da
ught
ers
by b
irth,
ste
pchi
ldre
n, o
r ad
opte
d ch
ildre
n of
the
hous
ehol
der.
Fos
ter
child
ren
and
child
ren
in in
stitu
tions
are
not
incl
uded
e2
22
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x.ix
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5919
94 R
epor
t
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
In M
inne
sota
, chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
hous
ehol
ds a
re s
even
tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
live
inpo
vert
y th
an a
re o
ther
chi
ldre
n.N
early
83%
of c
hild
ren
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
live
with
thei
r m
othe
rs, 1
7% w
ith th
eir
fath
ers.
In 1
990,
fam
ilies
hea
ded
by s
ingl
e m
othe
rs h
ad a
med
ian
inco
me
of $
16,9
32, f
amili
es h
eade
d 1w
sin
gle
fath
ers
a m
edia
n in
com
e of
$29
,046
. In
con-
tras
t, fa
mili
es h
eade
d by
mar
ried
coup
les
had
am
edia
n in
com
e of
$39
,895
. Whe
ther
poo
r or
not,
a si
ngle
par
ent h
as th
e ad
ded
stre
ss o
f hav
-in
g to
do
the
wor
k of
two
at h
ome,
at s
choo
l
and
in th
e co
mm
unity
.
Bet
wee
n 19
80 a
nd 1
990
the
prop
ortio
n of
chi
l-dr
en li
ving
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
incr
ease
d in
ever
y co
unty
. Car
ver
Cou
nty
saw
the
smal
lest
incr
ease
(6.
5%)
and
Mar
shal
l Cou
nty
the
grea
t-es
t (13
4.8%
). S
tate
wid
e th
e ra
te o
f chi
ldre
n liv
-in
g in
sin
gle
pare
nt fa
mili
es r
ose
by m
ore
than
ath
ird, f
rom
11.
8% to
16.
2%. T
his
mea
nt th
at,
by 1
990,
181
,788
chi
ldre
n w
ere
livin
g in
hom
esw
ith o
nly
one
pare
nt
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6061
Chi
ldre
n D
epen
dcni
011
AID
(,
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
WO
RS
T
Ren
ville
Fra
ver.
Nin
nun
Pol
k
Frr
ibau
lt
(lay
Mar
tin
Mar
shal
l
Cvr
ionw
ood
62
Cha
nged
for
the
Bet
ter
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
8619
91%
Cha
ngc
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18'
1,12
5,85
41,
119,
373
-.6%
Chi
ldre
nde
pend
ent
on A
FDC
Num
ber
99,6
6911
5,51
2+
15.9
%
Prop
ortio
n8.
9%10
.3%
+15
.7%
AFD
C m
onth
ly g
rant
One
chi
ld a
nd o
ne p
aren
t$4
37$4
37no
cha
nge
Tw
o ch
ildre
n an
d on
e pa
rent
$532
$532
no c
hang
e
'Chi
ldre
n in
clud
e so
ns o
r da
ught
ers
by b
irth,
ste
pchi
ldre
n, o
r ad
opte
d ch
ildre
n of
the
hous
ehol
der
Fos
ter
child
ren
and
child
ren
in in
stitu
tions
are
not
incl
uded
.
Sta
te
Cha
nge
15.7
%(2
.;
Cha
nged
for
the
Wor
se
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1991
1986
Cou
nty
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414
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8 X
S X
-I
1994
Rep
ort
Indi
cato
r
Der
scrip
tion
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C a
re th
e po
ores
tof
poo
r ch
ildre
n. !n
199
3, M
inne
sota
's A
FD
Cgr
ant,
com
bine
d w
ithth
e va
lue
of fo
od s
tam
ps.
was
equ
al to
onl
y 75
% o
f the
pov
erty
leve
l.
Thi
s ex
trem
e po
vert
y pu
ts c
hild
ren
at v
ery
high
risk
for
hung
er, m
alnu
triti
on, u
nsaf
e ho
usin
gan
d de
bilit
atin
g ill
ness
, whi
ch in
turn
mak
e it
extr
emel
y di
fficu
lt fo
r ch
ildre
n to
suc
ceed
insc
hool
and
oth
er a
reas
of l
ife.
Sta
tew
ide,
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
rely
ing
onA
FD
C r
ose
15.7
% b
etw
een
1986
and
199
1.T
he p
erce
nt o
f chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
ing
AF
DC
ros
e in
46 c
ount
ies,
rem
aine
d th
e sa
me
in th
ree
coun
-tie
s an
d de
crea
sed
in 3
8 co
untie
s.
_s
.
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94 R
epot
s
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t."e:
,
65
Chi
Rom
totin
mar
ried
Par
ents
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s
1986
.122
1Y
oC
hang
;C
hild
ren
born
65,7
6667
,037
+1.
9%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sN
umbe
r10
,720
14,9
49+
39.4
%
Pro
port
ion
16.3
%22
.3%
+36
.8%
Pat
erni
ty h
as b
een
dete
rmin
ed fo
r on
ly 5
9% o
f the
chi
ldre
n in
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ld s
uppo
rt
syst
em.
The
rem
aini
ng 9
6% o
f chi
ldre
n ha
ve n
o le
gal c
laim
to fi
nanc
ial a
nd o
ther
sup
port
from
thei
r fa
rher
s.
Cha
nged
for
the
ill It
o
Bet
ter
I 1
I21
.$.1
\VO
.R1
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Lak
eY
ello
w M
eilit
ine
Gra
ntI a
ke 0
1 th
e \X
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1,
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son
Mar
tin
Car
lton
M.Ir
hal
l
Car
ver
Rig
Sto
ne
Mur
ray
Nor
man
Sw
iftltt
etI
Ail
Ste
ele
Mow
er
She
rbur
ne
I at Q
in P
arle
slot
66
Cha
nged
for
the
W""
I 00'
t.
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1991
1986
Cou
nty
CO N N rn
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it? 0. 0
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I kr+
rn
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I; O I
I en 5
r; rh I en I O
g N
1994
Rep
ort
O re?
I 1'
en I N N
I fel
ref
N
rn O
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Mos
t chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arri
ed p
aren
ts li
veou
t the
ir ch
ildho
-As
in p
over
ty a
nd s
uffe
rits
long
-ter
m c
onse
quen
ces.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s ar
e le
ss li
kely
than
chi
ldre
nof
div
orce
d pa
rent
s to
rec
eive
chi
ld s
uppo
rt(1
8% a
s op
pose
d to
61%
). T
he p
rimar
y re
a-so
n fo
r th
is w
ide
disp
arity
is th
at o
nly
54%
of
child
ren
of u
nmar
ried
pare
nts
are
know
n to
have
lega
l rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ith th
eir
fath
ers.
With
out c
lear
ly e
stab
lishe
d pa
tern
ity, j
udge
sca
nnot
ord
er c
hild
supp
ort.
In M
inne
sota
, the
per
cent
of c
hild
ren
born
toun
mar
ried
pare
nts
rose
36.8
% b
etw
een
1986
and
1991
. Whi
le fo
ur c
ount
ies
saw
mod
est
redu
ctio
ns, a
nd th
ree
no c
hang
e, th
e re
mai
ning
80 e
xper
ienc
ed in
crea
ses
rang
ing
from
a lo
w o
f
.8%
to a
hig
h of
289
.7%
. Tw
elve
cou
ntie
s sa
wa
rate
of c
hang
e ex
ceed
ing
100%
bet
wee
n19
86
and
1991
: Yel
low
Med
icin
e, L
ake
of th
eW
oods
, Mar
tin, M
arsh
all,
Big
Sto
ne, N
orm
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rt
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,
69
S S rj a.
hild
'en
'Wei
ghin
g L
ess
than
5.5
lbs
at B
irth
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
LIN
AU
T.
1 L:
14 \X
'OR
SI
lac
(1ui
Pul
eK
anab
eL
I you
Mar
shal
lR
envi
lleW
ilkin
)(in
cur,
Mur
ray
I ake
ol t
he W
uotls
Mee
ker
l'anh
ault
Red
woo
dA
icki
n
Sw
iftI e
Sile
llt
(.4)
ttonw
ood
She
rbur
ne
Vea
bash
aC
lupp
ew.,
70
Cha
nged
for
the
Bet
ter
Sta
te
Cha
nge
6.0%
at
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
8612
21%
Cha
ng
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn65
,766
67,0
37+
1.9%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs.
Num
ber
3,28
83,
553
+8.
1%
Pro
port
ion
5.0%
5.3%
+6.
0%
I
1,15
N
MN
IC
hang
edfo
r th
e17
540
Wor
se
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1991
1986
Cou
nty
8 N N
8 .6 N tr;
8 8 el
e e
8 N /`
111
8 8 $
I
%.6
I eIo
8 Ki
nI I I
8 I e-i g. o.
8.0
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8 1'
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41. 1 71
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0
is
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,41 M
to
1
I N co
I uG
K1 I
I kr: I
fY ar N I e-i
tr; I 1
N N I
(-4I $
1994
Rep
ort
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Infa
nts
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 2
,500
gra
ms
or 5
.5po
unds
at b
irth
are
40 ti
mes
mor
e lik
ely
to d
iedu
ring
the
first
mon
th o
f life
than
are
thos
e
with
hig
her
wei
ghts
.Lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t bab
ies
who
do
surv
ive
are
thre
e tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
expe
rienc
e se
rious
hea
lth a
nd d
evel
opm
enta
l
prob
lem
s th
an a
re o
ther
chi
ldre
n. A
wom
anw
ho is
poo
r, r
ecei
ves
inad
equa
te n
utrit
ion
dur-
ing
preg
nanc
y, is
you
nger
than
18
or h
as le
ssth
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
is a
t hig
her
risk
than
othe
r m
othe
rs fo
r gi
ving
birt
h to
an
unde
r-
wei
ght b
aby.
Sm
okin
g du
ring
preg
nanc
y, d
rug
and
alco
hol u
se a
lso
cont
ribut
e to
low
birt
h-
wei
ght.
In 1
986,
Min
neso
ta r
each
ed th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s'Y
ear
2000
goa
l for
low
birt
hwei
ght b
abie
sno
mor
e th
an 5
%bu
t by
1991
was
losi
nggr
ound
as
the
prop
ortio
n gr
ew to
5.3
%. W
hile
the
stat
ewid
e ch
ange
is s
mal
l, in
crea
ses
occu
rred
in 4
9 co
untie
s, a
nd in
sev
enA
itken
,F
arib
ault,
Kan
abec
, Lak
e of
the
Woo
ds,
Mar
shal
l, R
osea
u, a
nd W
ilkin
the
rate
of
chan
ge b
etw
een
the
two
year
s w
as 1
00%
or
mor
e.
tir19
94 R
epor
t
7273
(Chi
ldre
n B
orn
toM
othe
rs U
nder
Age
18
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
1LN
lib,.
wo
Rs
Is
chip
rew
.,I i
thoi
n(
110k
Mow
erK
ittso
nM
etha
neLi
keI r
.rer
st.
Try
S%
rti
Ru,
kS
herb
urne
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ohl
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on
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r.ty
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e of
the
\X'o
oils
Pen
ning
ton
41
74
Cha
nged
for
the
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ter
Sta
te
Cha
nge
8.0%
Cha
nged
for
the
Wor
se
OW
,
lap
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1991
1986
Cou
nty
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
8619
91%
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn65
,766
67,0
37+
1.9%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8N
umbe
r1,
644
1,81
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10.1
%
Pro
port
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2.5%
2.7%
+8.
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Am
mon
omom
o19
94 R
epor
t
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
who
are
und
er a
ge 1
8ar
e at
hig
h ris
kfo
r liv
ing
in p
over
ty 1
, los
tof
thei
r liv
es. T
hey
are
also
at h
igh
risk
for
havi
nglo
w b
irthw
eigh
t and
for
faili
ng in
sch
ool.
Tee
n m
othe
rs a
re le
ss li
kely
to fi
nish
hig
hsc
hool
than
are
oth
er g
irls.
Thi
s in
turn
lim
itsth
eir
job
pros
pect
s an
d ab
ility
to e
arn
enou
gh to
supp
ort t
heir
child
ren
inde
pend
ently
.T
een
mot
hers
are
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e si
ngle
than
old
erm
othe
rs a
nd, w
hen
they
do
mar
ry, a
re m
ore
likel
y to
sep
arat
e an
d di
vorc
e.
In M
inne
sota
, birt
hs to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
3gr
ew 8
% b
etw
een
1986
and
199
1. F
orty
-eig
htco
untie
s sa
w m
easu
rabl
e in
crea
ses
rang
ing
from
a lo
w o
f 4%
in C
arlto
n C
ount
y to
a h
igh
of40
0% in
Mow
er C
ount
y. T
he r
ate
incr
ease
d by
over
100
% in
13
coun
ties.
The
pro
port
ion
wen
t dow
n in
37
coun
ties.
Fiv
e in
this
gro
upsa
w d
ecre
ases
of 1
00%
Chi
ppew
a, C
ook,
Kitt
son,
Lak
e an
d T
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ren
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ndfo
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emse
lves
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g pa
rent
s at
an
early
age
.
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num
ber
of c
hild
ren
born
to w
omen
who
had
not y
et c
ompl
eted
12
year
s of
sch
ool r
ose
in M
inne
sota
by
12.4
% b
etw
een
1986
and
1991
. The
per
cent
wen
t up
in 5
4 co
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d st
ayed
the
sam
e in
thre
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ntie
s ex
perie
nced
a p
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rtio
nal
incr
ease
of m
ore
than
100
% b
etw
een
1986
and
1991
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1986
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here
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the
num
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of c
hild
ren
for
who
m a
buse
and
neg
lect
are
sub
stan
tiate
d is
sm
alle
r th
an th
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tal n
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Rep
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rr N rr M
e'S e;!
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Chi
ldre
n su
fferin
g ph
ysic
al a
nd s
exua
l abu
se a
reat
hig
her
risk
for
failu
re in
sch
ool,
trua
ncy
and
juve
nile
del
inqu
ency
than
are
oth
er c
hild
ren.
In fa
ct, t
hey
are
far
mor
e lik
ely
to r
epea
t the
cycl
e an
d be
com
e pe
rpet
rato
rs o
f vio
lenc
eth
emse
lves
. Sur
veys
of M
inne
sota
hig
h sc
hool
stud
ents
in 1
989
and
1991
foun
d th
at "
fam
ilyvi
olen
ce is
rou
ghly
two
and
a ha
lf tim
es m
ore
prev
alen
t in
the
hom
es o
f ado
lesc
ents
in c
orre
c-tio
ns/d
eten
tion
cent
ers
than
in th
e ho
mes
of
stud
ents
in r
egul
ar s
choo
ls."
The
num
ber
of c
onfir
med
cas
es o
f neg
lect
ros
em
uch
fast
er b
etw
een
1984
and
1990
, tha
n di
dca
ses
of p
hysi
cal o
r se
xual
abu
se. M
any
rese
arch
ers
belie
ve th
is is
dire
ctly
cor
rela
ted
with
the
incr
ease
in p
over
ty a
mon
g fa
mili
esw
ith c
hild
ren
and
the
decl
inin
g va
lue
of A
FD
Can
d ot
her
gove
rnm
enta
l ass
ista
nce.
The
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
for
who
m a
buse
and
negl
ect w
as c
onfir
med
gre
w d
ram
atic
ally
betw
een
1986
and
199
1 in
Min
neso
ta, f
rom
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0 to
10,
224,
a 3
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.
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tiate
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ect i
ncre
ased
in 4
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untie
s, d
ecre
ased
in 4
3, a
nd d
id n
ot c
hang
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four
. In
nine
the
rate
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ncre
ase
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the
two
year
s w
as m
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than
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nges
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r
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nged
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ter
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tew
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tistic
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1986
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1991
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ldre
n en
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332,
104
331,
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n dr
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ng o
ut o
f sch
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111
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se
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87
I N N
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8 cc?
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Dro
ppin
g ou
t of s
choo
l bef
ore
high
sch
ool
grad
uatio
n us
ually
res
ults
in a
life
time
of s
po-
radi
c lo
w-w
age
empl
oym
ent a
nd p
over
ty.
Chi
ldre
n w
ho d
rop
out o
f sch
ool h
ave
few
erop
tions
for
empl
oym
ent t
han
do h
igh
scho
olgr
adua
tes
and
stud
ents
who
go
on to
pos
t-se
c-
onda
ry tr
aini
ng o
r ed
ucat
ion.
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h sc
hool
drop
outs
als
o ex
perie
nce
long
er p
erio
ds o
fun
empl
oym
ent a
s ad
ults
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Min
neso
ta, t
he
unem
ploy
men
t rat
e fo
r i6
-19
year
-old
dro
pout
sw
as 1
7.9%
in 1
990
com
pare
d to
the
stat
e av
er-
age
of 5
.1%
.
Sta
tew
ide,
the
prop
ortio
n of
stu
dent
s dr
oppi
ngou
t of s
choo
l ros
e by
25%
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd19
91. T
he r
ate
of s
choo
l dro
pout
s in
crea
sed
in
51 c
ount
ies,
dro
pped
in 3
1 co
untie
s, a
nd s
taye
dth
e sa
me
in th
ree
coun
ties
(tw
o co
untie
s -
Big
Sto
ne a
nd T
rave
rse
- di
d no
t rep
ort d
ropo
uts
for
scho
ol y
ear
1991
-92)
. In
seve
n co
untie
s -
Car
ver,
Cas
s, G
rant
, Jac
kson
, Nob
les,
Red
Lake
, and
McL
eod
- th
e ra
te o
f cha
nge
was
over
200
%.
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la
1r19
94 R
epor
t
Rep
ort,
from
the
co8t
8 do
not
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
iiho
ob o
n re
serv
atio
n,.
ot,
,111
Wre
il's
( ,r
ime.
%
Ag4
inst
Peo
ple
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
rC
hang
edfo
r th
eB
ette
r
Sta
te
Cha
nge
13.8
%
Cha
nged
for
the
Wor
se
loti
,
II' 25'
12i"
.-
,51
I-
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
8719
91%
Cha
ts
Del
inqu
ency
pet
ition
s in
volv
ing
child
ren
17,0
5620
,881
+22
.4%
Num
ber
that
wer
e fo
r fe
loni
es99
21,
370
+38
.1%
Pro
port
ion
that
wer
e fo
r fe
loni
es5.
8%6.
6%+
13.
8%
.1.1
..N 1
301.
,rei
11,1
11, f
ling
III
I,
14,e
dAct
id
r,o.
t.r,
iond
lnie
Aok
in
onk
I)ud
ge
Iks
on
I A
ke
I vo
nM
eeke
r
OV
.LE
100
9Q
Mor
tistin
Penn
ingt
onPi
pt,to
neR
envi
lle
Ric
e\.V
.iden
.1
\X'a
tttnw
An
Yel
low
Met
litlll
e
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1991
1987
Cou
nty
O 0 O V^
0.4 a.
90
g 4
g C?
:
"'9
I er;I
4 4
g 4
SO
4 r4
O. g:l 8
MO
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i
I: I
.§ , zj
ri
gQ
crer
N-
err.
N M
. N N
CA
"7V
I' N
N 0
0 gv,
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:
4g e
.eee
e: e
eee*
8 N
ix!
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4 4
4 .4
N,e
t,
s.6
4. 0
ri rry
M
sti ca
P.
t14
i Egl
i6
3-6
a6
33
23 9
,f,
aG
.2
A -e )
I
g I I at
i
I NA
: fN
:'.7
1
r e.),
v.,
4, c
i.
-
'
indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
Whi
le a
ll fo
rms
of c
rime
by c
hild
ren
give
caus
e fo
r co
ncer
n, c
rimes
aga
inst
peo
ple
are
espe
cial
ly tr
oul.:
ing
beca
use
they
sho
w a
lack
of c
arin
g fo
r ot
her
peop
le a
s w
ell a
s a
disr
egar
dfo
r th
e so
cial
ord
er. V
iole
nt c
rimes
by
chil-
dren
ran
ge fr
om s
impl
e as
saul
t to
mur
der.
The
ris
k fo
r so
ciet
y an
d th
e ch
ild p
erpe
trat
oris
gre
at b
ecau
se th
e ch
ild o
ften
goes
On
as a
n
adul
t to
inju
re m
ore
peop
le, a
nd to
spe
ndm
uch
of h
is o
r he
r lif
e in
pris
on.
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
re b
ecom
ing
mor
e vi
olen
tin
Min
neso
ta. T
he p
ropo
rtio
n of
crim
es c
om-
mitt
ed b
y ju
veni
les
that
wer
e ag
ains
t peo
ple,
rath
er th
an p
rope
rty,
incr
ease
d 13
.8%
bet
wee
n19
87 a
nd 1
991.
For
ty-t
hree
cou
ntie
s sa
win
crea
ses,
ran
ging
from
1.1
% to
523
.1%
(te
nof
thes
e ha
d se
en n
o ju
veni
le c
rimes
aga
inst
peop
le in
198
7), 3
7 co
untie
s sa
w d
ecre
ases
,an
d se
ven
saw
no
chan
ge. T
wel
ve c
ount
ies
had
mea
sura
ble
incr
ease
s of
100
% o
r m
ore:
Aitk
in, C
ass,
Cle
arw
ater
, Dod
ge, D
ougl
as,
Kan
abec
, LeS
euer
, Mor
rison
, Mow
er, N
icol
let,
Ric
e an
d W
aton
wan
.
1
co ati
g *
6
11,
1994
Rep
nrt
*ts
.
* *
50 es
g ;0
°6
'
gt`'.
01g*
ig6
6n6
6
- a
g,-I
55
7jI
O:
92
7. Z
0
UC
00
E
Z 5
1' C o
1E .!
n 0
cry
OO O I
re,
co rr.;
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v's
S * *
rs.
Pi a
5 5 st
r.41
.
S N'
Ii
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I 0
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gggg
8 r
8 8
2.9
g *
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.
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g, 5
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C:
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:
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g' g
, .666
r.;
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0'5
tb3
;E;I:
Scg
.e
i'
hil(
.lrcn
1)yi
nr.,
Vio
lent
IN
Cou
nty
Cha
nges
for
this
Indi
cato
r
11)
Cha
nged
for
the
Bet
ter
Sta
te
Cha
nge:
Cha
nged
for
the
Wor
se
1
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
s19
8619
91%
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
170,
426
1,16
7,28
0-.
3%
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
266
199
-25.
2%
Typ
e of
dea
thS
uici
de47
28-4
0.4%
Hom
icid
e14
21+
50.0
%
Mot
or v
ehic
le20
515
0-2
6.8%
.2%
.,..
( $ $ I
.....4
...I1
1 1 I
:4.4
41"1
1
i f: \
.1.1
""4:
PI
-1,
-L
.
."'
.
V :
V
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
cn
e `.?
t/tIk
Mur
ray
1991
Cot
tonw
ood
Nto
bles
I14t
ugl,t
sP,
rm r
igio
nI
illm
otc.
( ;r
ant
at Q
I/1
I tr
koln
Vin
e
l'ipv
,tone
14.1
I J
1<t
kedw
,ai
1986
re)
!Mar
shal
l`k
blet
.
NI
run
I od
d
Min
e I
at s
Cou
nty
O
94
N Th.
! 0 0
%/1
1 O
g4gg
gg:
gr-
..
..
..
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,o
o 8
88
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pr
I0
, C1r
,tr
,I)
, M. N
r,
N 0
Y
36
O1,
1 .95
0 ert
re1
O;
I .0
1994
Rep
ortIt
r
Indi
cato
r
Des
crip
tion
The
vio
lent
dea
th o
f a c
hild
is th
e ul
timat
e si
gnth
at w
e ha
ve fa
iled
our
child
ren.
Chi
ldre
n w
hoco
mm
it su
icid
e ha
ve tu
rned
thei
r an
ger,
frus
tra-
tion
or d
epre
ssio
n on
them
selv
es. M
urde
red
child
ren
have
bee
n vi
ctim
ized
by
peop
le u
sing
viol
ence
to r
esol
ve c
onfli
ct. T
hey
are
ofte
nin
noce
nts
caug
ht in
the
cros
sfire
of c
onfli
ctbe
twee
n fa
mily
mem
bers
or
neig
hbor
s.
The
goo
d ne
ws
is th
at, u
nlik
e th
e re
st o
f the
coun
try,
Min
neso
ta s
awth
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n
dyin
g fr
om v
iole
nce
shrin
k by
25.
2% b
etw
een
1986
and
199
1 ho
rn 2
66 to
199
. Des
pite
this
good
new
s, 2
5 co
untie
s sa
w in
crea
ses.
Of t
hose
,10
had
see
n no
chi
ld d
eath
s by
vio
lenc
e in
1986
.
gggg
gg
tg.g
ggZ
ggg
gS
pS
$8
g 8
g 8
8 ,4
6 S
.5:
g8
,v-
.t
AA
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e!1
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C C
C -
O e
eO
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el
0 O
-ri
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-C
O
E =
to,
c
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>7
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sg
3g
trP
.
loot
Rep
t,
96
O 3
re,
f.1.
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o ci06
d.a- o
8 s_
ee
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te.
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elC
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CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
E
.111
0* 0
141.
1111
17.
M..
Hub
bard
.....]
If) 13 3 Tod
d
kids
coun
tm
inne
sota
1994
Rep
ort
Fam
ily E
cono
m;c
s
ii.in
g Ir
l pov
erty
Chi
ldre
nliv
ing
inpo
vert
y ar
eat
high
risk
for
mal
nutr
ition
. hun
ger,
col
d, p
oor
hous
ing,
freq
uent
mov
es th
at in
terr
upt f
amily
sta
bilit
y an
d sc
hool
ing,
and
high
leve
lsof
pers
onal
mid
fam
ilyst
ress
.T
hese
prob
lem
s ca
n in
terf
ere
ss A
m in
telle
ctua
l, ph
ysic
al, a
ndem
otio
nal d
evel
opm
ent a
nd th
eref
ore
caus
e lo
ng-t
erm
deva
stat
ion
to a
chi
ld's
jour
ney
tow
ard
adul
thoo
d.
Chi
L.le
n liv
ing
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
InN
I inn
esot
a,ch
ildre
nliv
ing
insi
ngle
pare
ntho
useh
olds
are
sev
en ti
mes
mor
e lik
ely
to li
ve in
pov
erty
than
are
oth
er c
hild
ren.
Nea
rly 8
1"O
of c
hild
ren
insi
ngle
par
ent f
amili
es li
ve w
ith th
eir
mot
hers
, 19"
o w
ithth
eir
Whe
ts.
In 1
989.
the
med
ian
inco
me
for
fam
ilies
head
ed b
y si
ngle
mot
hers
was
$16
,932
, for
fam
ilies
head
ed b
y si
ngle
fath
ers
S29
,046
, and
for
Kun
ilies
Inva
ded
bc m
arrie
d co
uple
s $3
9,89
5.
L.:h
i/dr-
en d
epen
dent
on
AF
DC
(A
id to
F,It
rilirs
with
Prp
erde
nt C
hild
ren)
depe
nden
t on
AF
DC
,ire
the
poor
est o
f poo
rch
ildre
n.In
1993
,M
inne
sota
's A
FD
Cco
nils
ined
,sid
le th
e va
lue
of fo
od s
tam
ps, w
as e
qual
toon
ly '5
,, of
the
pove
rty
leve
l.T
his
extr
eme
pove
rty
puts
,hild
ren
at v
ery
high
ris
k fo
r hu
nger
, mal
nutr
ition
.un
sate
hou
sing
, ind
kit1
)111
1.1r
ing
illne
ss.
II
100
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
thar
i 5.5
pou
ric4t
,
at b
irth
Infa
nts
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 2
,500
gra
ms
(5.5
pou
nds)
at
birt
h ar
e 40
tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
die
dur
ing
the
rust
mon
th o
f life
than
are
thos
e w
ith h
ighe
r w
eigh
ts.
Loss
birt
hwei
g,ht
bab
ies
who
do
surv
ive
are
thre
e tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
exp
erie
nce
serio
us h
ealth
and
dev
elop
men
tal
prob
lem
s th
an a
re o
ther
chi
ldre
n.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sM
ost c
hild
ren
horn
to u
nmar
ried
pare
nts
live
out t
heir
child
hood
sin
pove
rty
and
suffe
rits
long
-ter
mco
nseq
uenc
es. C
hild
ren
horn
to u
nmar
ried
pare
nts
are
less
like
ly th
an c
hild
ren
of d
ivor
ced
pare
nts
to 1
Tc:
eke
child
sup
port
(18
90 a
s op
pose
d to
619
o). T
he p
rimar
yre
ason
for
this
wid
e di
spar
ity is
that
in M
inne
sota
onl
y54
00 o
f chi
ldre
n of
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s ar
e kn
own
toha
ve a
lega
l rel
atio
nhip
with
thei
r fa
ther
s.W
ithou
tcl
early
est
ablis
hed
pate
rnity
, jud
i,,es
can
not o
rder
supp
ort.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
,t3(:
Imild
ren
born
to te
en m
othe
rs a
re.it
high
ris
kfo
r
spen
ding
thei
r en
tire
child
hood
s in
pov
erty
and
for
not
succ
eedi
ng in
sch
ool.
The
ir m
othe
rs a
re le
ss li
kely
tofin
ish
high
sch
ool t
han
are
othe
r gi
rls a
nd m
ore
likel
y to
he s
ingl
e th
an o
lder
mot
hers
.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
erth
an 1
2 ye
ars
educ
atio
nC
hild
ren
born
to m
othe
rs w
ho h
ave
less
than
a h
igh
scho
ol
educ
atio
n fa
ce th
e ris
k of
pov
erty
at b
irth
and
thro
ugho
ut
child
hood
.T
hese
chi
ldre
n ar
e at
hig
her
risk
than
of r
efch
ildre
n fu
r no
t doi
ng w
ell i
n sc
hool
, fin
dro
ppin
g ou
t.an
d tO
r th
emse
lves
bec
omin
g pa
rent
s at
an
cad,
' age
.
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
child
abu
se a
nd n
e..:l
ect s
ubst
antia
ted
Chi
ldre
n su
fferin
g ph
ysic
al a
nd s
exua
l abu
se a
re a
thi
gher
ris
k fo
r fa
ilure
in s
choo
l, tO
r tr
uanc
y, a
nd fo
rju
veni
le d
elin
quen
cy th
an a
re o
ther
chi
ldre
n.In
fact
,th
ey .i
re fa
r m
ore
likel
y to
rep
eat t
he c
ycle
and
bec
ome
perp
etra
tors
of v
iole
nce
them
selv
es.
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
Dro
ppin
g ou
t of s
choo
l bef
ore
high
sch
ool g
radu
atio
nus
ually
res
ults
ina
lifet
ime
of s
pora
dic
low
-wag
eem
ploy
men
t and
pov
erty
.(:
hild
ren
drop
ping
out
of
scho
ol h
ave
few
er o
ptio
ns fo
r em
ploy
men
t tha
n do
hig
hsc
hool
gra
duat
es a
nd s
tude
nts
who
go
on to
pos
t-se
cond
ary
scho
ols.
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
eC
rimes
aga
inst
peo
ple
show
a la
ck o
f car
ing
for
whe
tpe
ople
as
wel
l as
a di
sreg
ard
hir
the
soci
al o
rder
. 1'io
lent
crim
es b
y ch
ildre
n ra
nge
twin
sim
ple
assa
ult t
o m
urde
r.T
he r
isk
tmr
soci
ety
and
time
chiA
per
petr
ator
is g
reat
beca
use
the
child
ofte
n go
es o
n as
an
adul
t to
MO
peo
ple,
md
to s
pend
muc
h of
his
of h
er li
fe in
pris
on.
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Inc
viol
ent d
eath
of a
chi
ld is
the
ultim
ate
sign
that
soci
ety
has
faile
d its
chi
ldre
n.(:
hild
ren
who
com
mit
suic
ide
have
turn
edth
eir
ange
r,fr
ustr
atio
n,or
depr
essi
on o
n th
emse
lves
.M
urde
red
child
ren
have
been
Vet
Moi
led
by p
eopl
e us
ing
s m
ien,
c'tin
icsu
lsc
Lniti
ls I
(Iln
lidC
led
hin
noce
nts
caug
htin
the
cios
stire
of c
onfli
ct b
etw
een
fund
s'm
onbe
is u
r ne
ighb
ors
101
lifr
1994
Rep
ort
0-
1
DF
MO
GR
AP
1i1C
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18
4,42
4,76
3
1,16
7,90
9
- A
fri:a
n A
mer
ican
36,5
41
Am
eric
an In
dian
19,9
20
Asi
an A
mer
ican
34,3
76
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an1,
068.
156
Oth
er8,
916
I lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)21
,613
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
640
6,75
1
Med
ian
;1in
com
e$3
0,11
1
1VO
NO
MIC
:S
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
7.0"
6
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Cer
vice
s: 2
3.4%
- S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yD
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g: 1
3.1%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
Ser
vice
s
Slo
wes
tC
onst
ruct
ion
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(190
3)5.
1%
102
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(ln)
V5%
) 15
0%1
f25%
)0%
25%
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Yea
rC
hang
e
50%
75%
KO
%E
xcep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
1991
I .11
111I
NI
t ()T
OM
O(
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
I 0.2
9i)
12.4
%21
.6%
(19'
9 19
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sI
I .8%
16.2
%37
.3%
(/98
0.19
90)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C8.
90'0
10 .
.3"b
16,7
%
Birt
h C
irctii
iista
ncc
Chi
ldre
n bo
,1 to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s16
.3%
22.3
%36
.8qb
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.3%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82,
5%2.
7"0
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
8,90
0fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n10
.0%
12.4
%
Sid
nsof
I rou
ble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed,7
6031
.8"i)
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.8%
3,5"
o25
.0"il
0, b
oot y
edn
1986
8' a
nd 1
990
9/
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e5.
8%(,
(,i)
13.8
"'0
098-
/09/
i
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
266
199
25.2
"0
Sta
re
103
11)4
1 %
tt,
Aitk
in
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
pul
atio
n12
,477
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
182,
960
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an5
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an79
Asi
an A
mer
ican
18
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an2,
845
- O
ther
13
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
35
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
683
5
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
1,26
3
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)F
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e4.
90%
I arg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 2
001)
Sec
mid
larg
est i
ndus
try.
..S
tate
and
loca
l
govt
.: 19
.9%
Indu
stry
(;r
owth
(I')
80-
1990
)
-F
aste
stT
rans
port
atio
n/ p
ublic
util
ities
-S
low
est
Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
actu
ring
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3) ..
.80%
1(1
104
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Yea
r
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
)10
1(75
%)
(50%
) (2
5%)
0%25
%50
%75
%I C
O%
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d19
8619
91
jtti
A
i..,
:.!$0
. I,
tt ''.
5'',
I ;11
1111
N'
I cO
LIO
nric
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
()97
9-19
89)
21.1
%26
.2%
24.2
%21
.6%
--
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s10
.1%
16.8
%66
.3%
37.3
%
(198
0-19
90)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C15
.0%
16.2
%8.
0%15
.7%
Birt
hlis
t] in
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s23
.2%
25.2
%8.
690
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
2.6%
5.2%
100.
0%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
86.
5%2.
6%-6
0.0%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
14.2
%16
.5%
16.2
%12
.4%
,Ign,
of I
rmild
u
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed39
22-4
3.6%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.5%
2.1%
-16.
0%25
.0%
(Stk
oai y
ear,
198
6.87
and
199
0 91
)
4111
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
987.
1991
)
9.5%
20.0
9'0
110.
5%13
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
II
0.0%
-25.
2%
Cou
nty
Sta
te
1994
Rip
on
r-
Ano
ka
DE
MO
GR
APH
ICS
(199
0)
'Foc
alpo
pula
tion.
. ....
......
......
..24
5,60
9
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18'4
,528
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
"55
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an ..
..
7 7
I
Asi
an A
mer
ican
1,10
6
Fur
opea
n A
mri
an
Oth
er ..
....
......
......
......
....
.... .
....3
86
I Iis
pam
c (o
f all
race
s).
.102
9
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6'5
,984
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e...
......
.... 1
42.9
31
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)m
omic
gro
wth
rat
e ..
..-.6
"0
I arg
ot in
dust
ry.
......
...go
ods
man
ufac
turin
g: 2
6.9°
o
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try,
......
. Ser
NIC
CS
: 18'
r
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
( 1
980-
1990
1
Fas
test
......
....
_Ser
vice
s
Slo
wes
t ....
. ..D
urah
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
rnem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
99
.0)q
4 R
epos
,
106
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(t00
%)
(5.1
%1
(25%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Fw
rpt w
bere
mei
:car
ed
I .0
(011
0111
.10,
,
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s/''
4r1'
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
l:DC
Birt
h C
111.
1.11
11I.I
IILL,
,
1
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
'1ig
hlt o
f lio
olde
1111
1("
1111
1 l'
1111
1S
UIC
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
rear
, / W
M 8
" n
d I 9
90I
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e/9
9/
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986 5
.2"o
I 0.8
"o
,4 .9
0
13.0
°6
4.1"
o
2.2"
o
3.90
0
33" 2.
84b
5.7%
I 3 107
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
e
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e19
91
-,0.
4"0
2 I .
(1"6
1+9"
o38
.0"o
r.3"
i"o28
.11"
oI C
.
I B. "
°6
4 .S
°u
16.8
"
5.20
426
.8"o
6.0
"o
2.4"
o').
1 °0
8.0"
o
".9"
011
12,6
0oI 2
.4"0
401
19.0
%31
.8%
2.6"
0-7
.100
25.0
"6
6.5%
1 4.
0" 0
13.8
%
46.2
"015
.2°0
aa
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n27
,977
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
188,
083
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an78
9-
Asi
an A
mer
ican
38
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an7,
244
Oth
er12
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
49
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
62,
518
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e...
......
......
......
.$24
,994
EC
ON
ON
1IC
S
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
6.80
0/0
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
22.
3%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing
& s
tate
and
loca
l gov
t.:15
.8%
ea.
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
-F
aste
stD
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g-
Slo
wes
t'T
rans
port
atio
n/pu
blic
util
ities
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)7.
40%
108
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(IA
) (7
5%)
(50%
)(2
5%1
0%25
%50
%75
% 1
A
I
coun
tyS
tate
Exc
ept
Bas
e
Yea
r
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Stat
e
Cha
nge
1 a
oil I
) E
cono
mic
~
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
18.7
%23
.0%
23.0
%21
.6%
(197
9-19
891
Chi
ldre
n :n
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s11
.9%
18.1
%52
.1%
37.3
%11
980-
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C12
.4%
15.6
%25
.8%
15.7
%
Birt
h (
ittui
rista
nccs
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s21
.1%
30.9
%46
.4%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
loss
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.2%
4.6%
-11.
5%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
l:rs
unde
r ag
e 18
3.6%
4.6%
27.8
%8.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
17.5
%17
.3%
-1.1
%12
.4%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
ofit
oul,I
L
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed17
871
60.1
%31
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.9%
ts. h
ooi y
ear%
198
( 87
and
1 9
90.9
/)
1.4%
-26.
3%25
.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e2.
7%3.
0%11
.1%
1.3.
8%09
8749
911
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
62
-66.
7%-2
5.2%
1994
Rep
ort
Bel
tram
i
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Fou
l pop
ulat
ion
14,5
54
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18 ..
... ..
......
.....
...10
,22'
Alri
can
Am
eric
an
Am
eric
an In
dian
484
Asi
an A
mer
ican
Fur
opea
n A
mer
ican
',59'
Oth
cr...
......
......
....
......
20
hisp
anic
(of
a l
lra
tes)
11
6
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
63
506
!1(li
.in fa
mily
in«n
S25
.133
FC
ON
ON
IICS
Pro
file
11')9
0)
[col
umnc
gro
wth
rat
e....
......
... ..
....
50%
I arg
est i
ndus
try
...S
tate
& lo
cal g
ovt.:
27q
0
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
tierv
ii es
. 21.
7%
Indu
stry
lito
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
....
.Dur
aHe
good
s m
anuf
actu
ring
Slo
wes
tC
onst
ruct
ion
Une
mpl
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ent r
ate
(199
1)5.
10%
1,,4
Rer
on r
110
PE
RC
EN
T' C
HA
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VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
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r
(100
%)
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)(5
0%)
125%
10%
25%
50%
75%
100%
pr.
U.
III
Cou
nty
1111
1S
tate
Bas
e
Yea
r
F%
ept w
here
otd
uare
d19
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Cur
rent
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r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
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te
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nge
I .11
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V1
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tilis
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
20.0
%(p
ro /9
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28.2
%41
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.6%
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
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nt h
ouse
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s16
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37.3
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9'8
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ldre
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pend
ent o
n A
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25.9
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615
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1111
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(in
unts
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ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
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rent
s34
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ldre
n w
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ing
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than
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0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
86.
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5,3%
8.0"
6
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
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ars
of e
duca
tion
18.1
0615
.7%
-13.
.3%
12.4
%
of In
o.rh
ic
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed18
191
)-5
0.3%
31.8
u,ii
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng O
ut o
f sch
ool
3.4"
o2.
3%-3
2.4N
25.0
%1.
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oa "
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911
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
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eopl
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98'4
990
4.0%
4.79
'017
.6%
13.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
42
50.0
%-2
5.2%
I.s
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n30
,307
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
189,
078
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
64
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an87
-A
sian
Am
eric
an59
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an8,
863
-O
ther
5
-I l
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
36
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
63,
1 1
5
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
1,94
2
EC
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ON
1IC
S
Pro
file
(190
0)-
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
7.20
%
I arg
ot in
dust
ryN
on-d
urab
le g
oods
inan
ufa
totin
g: 1
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ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
serv
ices
:15
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0
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stry
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990)
Fas
test
Far
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e
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GE
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ter
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te
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1 .1
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S
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e
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r
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re in
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ted
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Stat
e
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
11.5
%10
.5%
-8.7
%21
.6%
(197
9/98
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s7.
7%14
.2%
84.4
%37
.3%
(198
0.19
90)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
ltjrt
h (:
irciin
ist.m
ccs
6.4%
7.2%
12.5
%15
.7%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s12
.5%
21i.7
%65
.6%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
3.4%
5.2%
52.9
%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82.
1%0.
8%-6
1.9%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
7.2%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
6.8%
-5.6
%12
.4%
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;11S
4)1
1141
LII)
1C
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed27
5292
.6%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.6%
rulto
ol y
ean
190
and
1990
91)
0.4%
-75.
0%25
.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e3.
6%2.
3%-3
6.1%
13.8
%
(198
7.19
91)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
13
200,
0%-2
5.2%
113
1994
Rep
st
Big
Sto
ne
DE
NIO
GR
AP
I(1
990)
IOW
)po
pula
tion
6,31
1
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
642
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
Am
eric
an In
dian
15
Asi
an A
mer
ican
15
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
1.61
2
Oth
er0
I lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)17
(:hi
ldre
n un
der
age
651
6
Med
ial,
fam
ily in
com
e$2
3,89
3
EC
:ON
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ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
FLo
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
310%
1 ar
gest
indu
stry
.....
.....
_far
min
g: 2
9.2%
Sec
ond
larg
est
......
......
....S
tate
and
loca
l gov
t.: 1
7.1"
h
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
.....
.....
.....
....
......
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viie
s
Slo
wes
t ....
.....
. ....
......
.tr
ade
!nem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
990
..3
.80%
1994
Per
ot1:
111:
7
114
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
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VE
R T
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seB
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I r.
Bas
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urre
ntC
ount
yS
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ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
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ept w
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indi
cate
d19
8619
91
0 11
ottl
ic s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
11 9
'9 1
989/
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sro
mo
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
MC
Birt
h (
ircio
nsta
nces
4
U
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
16.4
%
7,7%
7.5%
(i.9%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
3.4%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8I
.I %
9,2%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
sig,
11,,
of li
otik
le
1111
11.1
111
11S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
S. h
oot K
an 1
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. and
IWO
91)
0.5%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e0.
0%(O
r. 1
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
0
115
18.6
%13
.4%
21.6
9'0
9.2%
19.5
9/o
37.3
%
7.10
'0-5
.3%
1 5.
706
17.4
%15
2.2%
36.8
%
4.30
/o26
.5%
6.0%
1.4%
27.3
%8,
0%
13.0
%41
.3%
12.4
%
1385
.7"0
31.8
%
25.0
4/0
0.0%
13.8
%
0-2
5.2%
DE
MO
G R
AN
I IC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n5,
570
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18...
....
......
...12
.3-5
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
33
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an-
Asi
an A
mer
ican
201
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an11
,996
-O
ther
120
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)'0
2
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
64,
213
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
2,55
0
EC
ON
OM
ICS
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file
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0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5 30
90
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 2
3.8%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
tate
&
loca
l gov
t.:9.
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stry
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ces
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le g
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ufac
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Une
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(199
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116
PER
CE
NT
CH
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GE
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ter
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re in
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ifts
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r/9-
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ldre
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rent
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Chi
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irce
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Chi
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ldre
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at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
ofI r
ould
r.$
1111
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
b001
'4n
1 98
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4' a
01,1
I P
10.9
1)
Chi
ldre
n's
min
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e09
87./.
.)9/
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
117
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
t.
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e19
8619
91
10.0
%14
.8%
48.0
%21
.6%
10.5
%15
.2%
44.8
° /u
37.3
90
9.89
09.
390
-5.1
%15
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13.5
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66.7
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.89.
0
4.79
03.
1%-3
4.0%
6.09
0
1.30
.02.
390
76.9
%8.
090
6.6%
10.1
9053
,0%
12.4
%
162
188
16.0
0/0
31.8
%
2.3%
2.5%
8.79
/025
.0%
8. 3
903,
290
.61.
4%13
.890
5I
-80.
0%-2
5.2%
1994
Rip
en
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n27
,120
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
187,
439
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
4
Am
eric
an In
dian
11
Asi
an A
mer
ican
76
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
7,33
0
Oth
er18
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
93
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
62,
365
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
0,68
1
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e5.
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rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Non
-dur
able
good
s m
anuf
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ring
Indu
stry
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owth
(19
80-1
990)
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test
.....
....
. Ser
y it
es
-S
low
est
Ret
ail t
rade
rnem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
993)
_3.8
0%
11-
1
1994
Rep
ort
118
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
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ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
1100
1075
%)
(50%
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0%25
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%10
0%E
rcep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
1 .1
1111
1 \ 1
1tnn
n11
1.R
.
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(pry
198
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
980-
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
11(
it( ti
tint
1
;
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986 10
.0%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
3.9%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82.
9%
2.2%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
tiit n
. id
I n.1
11,1
c
.11
Cou
nty
1111
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(Sch
ool r
an 1
986-
87 m
a 19
9091
1
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
9R7.
/99/
)_
.
Chi
ldrc
it dy
ing
viol
ently
47
0.8%
1.5%
0
119
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
e
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e19
91
8.5%
-24.
1%21
.6°0
10.5
%45
.8%
37.3
%
4.2%
-6.7
%15
.7%
19.7
%97
.0%
36.8
%
6.9%
76.9
%6.
0%
2.3%
-20.
7%8.
0%
8.3%
277.
3%12
.4%
32-3
1.9%
31.8
%
1.5%
87.5
%25
.0%
2.6%
73.3
%13
.8%
2>
100%
-25.
2%
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
'loca
l pop
ulat
ion
29,3
38
Chi
ldre
n un
der
agc
188,
245
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an10
Am
eric
an In
dian
.....
......
......
......
......
494
-A
sian
Am
eric
an61
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an
Oth
er3
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6...
......
.....
.....
2,46
3
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e53
0,20
8
EC
ON
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ICS
Pro
file
(199
0
Eco
nc,v
1c g
row
th r
ate
4.90
%
arge
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try
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te a
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larg
est i
miu
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man
ufac
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198
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test
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nty
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1.11
1111
V I
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Chi
ldre
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erty
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9 19
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Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
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nt h
ouse
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s(1
980-
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
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8111
11(
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1.11
1te%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
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ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
`lign
01Ii
otdd
c
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Adr
en d
ropp
ing
out o
f sch
ool
(sfh
od v
ears
198
6 8'
and
/91(
1h
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
987.
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Stat
e
121
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986
1991
9.4%
15.2
%61
.7%
21.6
%
12.8
%18
.3%
43.0
%37
.3%
12.3
9011
.3%
-8.1
%15
.7%
24.4
°/o
24.2
%-0
.8%
36.8
%
4.8%
4.0%
-16.
7%6.
0°'o
2,5%
2.6%
4.0%
8.0%
12.3
%8.
9%-2
7.6%
12,4
%
4834
-29.
2%31
.8%
1.7%
3.4%
100.
0%25
.0%
2.7%
3 (0
033.
3°o
1.5.
8%
73
-57.
1%-2
5.2%
1994
&pe
n
Car
ver.
DE
MO
GR
AP
IIIC
S (
1990
)T
otal
pop
ulat
ion
48,1
16
:hild
ren
tinde
r ag
e 18
14,4
98
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
168
hiro
pean
Am
eric
an14
,246
Oth
er
lispa
nic
(ol a
ll ra
ces)
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
65,
362
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e.$4
3,55
4
F.C
ON
OM
R:s
l'r lf
ile (
1990
)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
11.0
0%
1 ag
es' i
ndus
try
Non
dura
ble
good
s 11
1:11
1111
.1C
t uri
ng: 2
5.7%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Dur
able
goo
dsm
anuf
actu
ring:
19.
0%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
attu
ring
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
t iie
rnpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)2.
90%
122
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(100
%)
(75%
) (5
0%)
125%
10%
25%
50%
75%
IDA
acep
t whe
re in
dica
red
I .11
1 1
1l V
I c
111
0 1
1 1
Ic
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(10'
9 /9
801
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sr/
/81)
two)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Ri I
(lo
st A
in L
is
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
imm
iner
m
III c
ount
y11
11SI
M!
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
ked
year
, 198
6-14
7an
d 99
0 9/
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(J
9147
499/
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986
1991
6.4(
'4.
91'6
-23,
106
21.6
%
9.2%
9.8%
6.5%
37.3
%
2.0%
2.6%
30.0
%15
.7%
9,7%
9.7%
0.0%
36.8
%
4.99
63.
9%-2
0.4%
6.0%
1.8"
h1.
6%-1
1.1%
8.0%
5.2%
3.6"
-30.
8%12
.4"6
100
56-4
4.0%
3 1
.8%
1.5%
6.5%
333.
3%25
.0%
3.8%
6.6%
73.7
%1
3.89
i,
4i
-25.
0%-2
5.2%
123
I qq4
Rep
ort
Cas
s
L)E
N1l
)(iR
AP
III(:
S 0
9901
'Fou
l pop
ulat
ion
.....
21.8
80
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18...
.
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an18
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
17
Isur
opea
n A
mer
isam
...
.8 1
`)
Oth
er...
..
......
...
Chi
ldre
n Li
nder
age
o. .
1,92
0
Med
ian
tam
il%.
..$2
2.02
2
E(A
)NO
N11
(:N
Pro
tIle
i 199
01
Int
)111
1l g
ross
th r
ate
larg
est i
mlu
str
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
irs
6.00
°0
Ser
l 1.0
Sta
te a
nd 1
411a
1
govt
.
Indu
strs
(,r
osst
h19
8010
`10)
fast
est
Sta
re a
nd lo
cal B
ost.
`slo
sves
t.C
onst
ruct
ion
.m.m
plo%
mem
rar
e t 1
99 II
..81
1",,
)
124
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(I"
t75%
) 15
0%)
(?h)
0%25
%50
%75
%11
1)%
gpt w
hen
indh
atd
I Lom
in ic
s
( hi
ldre
n in
pow
ery
110-
9 1)
8.)1
C'h
ildre
'n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s
Chi
ldre
n de
pells
kill
4111
Al-i
)t.
Nub
Circ
umst
ance
s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
:ighi
ng le
ss th
an 5
.5 lb
s at
birt
h
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
ssI
thfe
wer
than
12
scar
sed
ucat
ion
CtIU
111%
Sta
le
I'InI
cIre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
4.1
va, 1
'086
and
I.'',
Chi
ldIV
II'S
.44.
1111
sr p
etT
IC/0
8 pm
)
(luld
ren
dyin
g so
ilent
iv
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
23.1
"029
,5"0
26.1
00
1,i.8
9020
.6"0
20.k
)",)
20 .0
".+
°o
24.0
0o39
.5%
00.6
%
3.0"
o0.
490
77.8
90
2.-0
05,
40u
100.
0%
'. P
IO16
.'00
-4.1
0"
5590
63.0
90
1.99
05.
890
205.
3%
1.3"
()8.
190
523.
1%
433
.3%
Sta
te
Cha
nge
21.6
"o
30.8
"o
0.09
0
8.0
"u
12.0
o
31.8
90
25.0
" ii
13.8
%
25.2
"o
1994
Rep
on
Chi
ppew
a
DE
MO
GR
AIII
ICS
(19
901
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n13
,316
Chi
ldre
n lim
ier
age
183
576
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
12
Am
eric
an In
dian
16
Asi
an A
mer
ican
11
Ltio
Am
eric
an3,
526
-O
ther
11
-I l
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
47
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
087
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
7,36
1
LCO
NO
MIC
S
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate.
....,,
......
5.00
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
......
.....
20%
.Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s. 1
6.8%
Indu
stry
(;r
owth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
.....
. Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
actu
ring
Slo
wes
t ....
,..F
rans
port
atio
n/pu
blic
util
ities
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)..3
.60%
r190
4 R
epor
tor
k:no
_HA
NI
126;
:
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
PM
(75
%)
(50%
)12
5%)
0%25
%90
1415
%10
0A
(:,.,
yill
Sta
te
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
Fxc
ept
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
1991
I.111
111
cono
ntic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
16.3
"615
.1%
-7.4
%21
.6 °
b
//9-9
-/98
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s6.
69'0
rr98
0. 1
9901
12.3
%86
.4%
37.3
%
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C5.
2%6.
4%23
.1%
15.7
%
Rif
th
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s10
.7%
13.0
%21
.5 °
6.3
6.8%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
2.1%
4.1%
95.2
%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
2%0.
0%-1
00.0
%8.
0"o
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
f :C
s w
ith6.
4%2.
7%-5
7.8%
12.4
%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
r.,it
s, o
fI t
o til
de
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed36
4113
.9%
31.8
°.6
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
0.7%
hool
rea
p 19
86 8
' and
990
911
1.6%
128.
6%2S
.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e3.
3%4.
3%30
.3%
1.3.
8%
(198
7.19
91)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
2I
-50.
0%-2
5.2%
127
Chi
sago
DE
NIO
GR
AP
IIIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n30
,628
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18..
......
..9,
428
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an23
Am
eric
an In
dian
60
Asi
an A
mer
ican
-48
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
__...
.... .
.... .
9.27
0
Oth
er
His
pani
c io
f all
race
s)58
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6....
.. ...
....
....
.....
3,06
2
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
5.22
9
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
1199
01
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e...,
Larg
est i
ndus
try
......
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
_
......
.8.7
0%
.Ser
vice
s. 2
5%
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 1.
4. I
Indu
stry
Gro
ss th
119
80 1
9901
Fas
test
.....
.. _
Ser
vice
s
-S
low
est .
......
. ....
......
...R
etai
l tra
de
t 'tie
rnpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4
90%
428
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
1153
)175
11)
(50%
)12
5%)
0%25
%50
%75
% In I I
El
1111
Cou
nty
1111
Sta
te
Exc
ept
fam
ily E
cono
mic
s
Bas
e
Yea
r
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Stat
eC
hang
e
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
6.7%
9.3%
38.8
%33
.0%
(197
9.19
891
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s8.
2%12
.1%
47.6
%.3
7.3%
1198
0.19
90)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C6,
4%6.
3%-1
.6%
15.7
%
I(1
1(
c to
ns
t a n
ces
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s16
.6%
19.9
%19
.9%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
2.9
°io
4.8%
65.5
%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
6%2.
1%-4
1.7%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
11.9
%9.
4%-2
1.0%
12.4
%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of' e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
fI r
oubl
e
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed33
6597
.0%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.8%
(seh
eoi w
ean
1986
/r a
nd /9
90 9
11
4.3%
53.6
%25
.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e6.
3%4.
6%-2
7.0%
1 38
%
1198
7499
11
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
22
0.0%
-25.
2%
1994
Rep
ort
Cla
yP
ER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
ItAl 7
5%(
ISA
I In)
0%25
%50
%15
%10
0%
PF
NIO
C,
PI I
I( 'S
(19
90)
1111
11ro
t,d p
opul
atio
nsi
,102
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an
Asi
an A
mer
ican
12,6
6- 1-9
107
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
11.8
-0
-O
ther
357
Elic
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)50
-
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
64,
285
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e .
......
.....
Si2
,083
ICC
)NO
N11
CS
Pro
file
(199
0)
...so
nonl
ii. g
row
th r
ate.
5.50
%
-la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
er. l
ies:
22.
4"o
Sec
ond
1.1r
gect
indu
stry
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
. 21
.4%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
..fa
rmin
g
Slo
wes
t .C
onst
ruct
ion
Irne
ntpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
i 80%
ItI 9
94 R
rrrt
130
Erc
rpt w
here
indi
cate
d
-1 .1
1111
1%I c
onc,
naic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
Pr,
/ mo
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s1
'?80
19,
811
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
'Birt
h C
ircur
nsta
nCH
.
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
coun
tyS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
boot
wan
198
1, 8
' and
19.
5). 9
/1
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
eI9
819
911
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
1986 8.
3 °o
1 1.
0%
9.9°
6
1991
14.5
%
I 6.8
%
14.5
%
74.7
%
43.6
%
46.5
%
21.6
%
37.3
%
IC .7
u 6
14.6
%23
.9(1
663
.7"0
36.8
%
6.4%
4.7%
-26.
6%6.
0%
1.1%
3.5%
218.
2%8.
0%
5.6"
h1
2.2°
6I I
7.9
°i,
12.4
%
10(1
101
1o
i1.8
°6
0.8%
1.3"
662
.5°0
26.0
%
4.50
02.
1%.5
i.3%
13.8
%
I2
1(1(
1,0%
-26.
2%
II
DE
NIO
GR
AP
HIC
S k
q901
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n8,
328
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1842
1
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
Am
eric
an In
dian
270
Asi
an A
mer
ican
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
2,14
4
Oth
er0
Ilisp
anic
(of
all
race
s)12
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
o73
1
'Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
1,5"
2
EC
ON
ON
IICs
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5 "t
roLa
rges
t ind
ustr
y S
tate
& lo
cal g
ovt.:
25.
9%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
y __
Ser
vice
s: 1
37%
Indu
stry
( r
owt I
t 119
80 1
01N
Fas
test
.....
......
.....
.....
RIL
`low
est..
Ret
ail t
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3) ..
-11.
4000
132
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
gekh
15%
) til
th12
5%;
a%
4.11
1111
11
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
ySt
ate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
25%
54:'%
75%
10,
1::%
,erl
whe
re m
e/ha
ted
1986
1991
I ani
llyco
w.)
rnic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
23.3
9030
iMtt
28.8
1%21
.6%
(19-
9 /9
891
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s12
.6%
(ioN
o./9
90)
16.9
%34
.1%
37.3
%
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
CI 8
.9%
17.9
%-5
.3%
15.7
%
Birt
h C
ire u
ntst
.ull
s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s22
.5%
27.c
)%24
.0%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
2.2%
4.1%
86.4
0/0
6.09
0
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
84.
3%3.
340
-23.
3%8.
090
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
20.3
%15
.6%
-23.
2%12
.4%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed2
1355
0.0%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
t of s
choo
l2.
4%
pe,tr
. /98
6 8'
.yle
l'1
/ I
3.4%
41.7
%25
.00,
6
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
otpi
e1.
9%3.
8%10
0.0%
13.8
"o
(191
0499
1)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
.ntly
0I
100%
-25,
2%
Cou
nty
MI
Sta
te
133
1994
Rep
ort
Coo
k
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
'Foc
al p
opul
atio
n3,
873
Chi
l,' e
n un
der
age
1891
9
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an4
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
18
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an82
5
-O
ther
0
I lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)()
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
632
0
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
7,83
9
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
6.60
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 2
8%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
....
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 21
.4%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
fast
est
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
/pub
lic u
tiliti
es-
Slo
wes
tD
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3).
. 2.1
0%
134
,
1094
Rep
ort
111.
1111
111,
111!
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(75%
) (5
3) (
25%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
in
11-
IN C
ount
yII
IS
tate
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
eE
xcep
tw
here
indi
cate
d19
8619
91
I .1
t111
11I
0110
111k
`,
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
12.2
(1:.
15.1
%23
.8%
21.6
%(1
9'9
/989
1
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s11.
7%r/
980-
1990
113
.4%
I4.
5%37
.3%
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C7.
2°.)
4.6%
-3r,
I 9'0
15.7
%
Bir
th(%
runt
t.uuc
.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s13
.3%
17.4
%30
.8%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
2.2%
2.2%
0.0%
6.0%
:hild
ren
born
to m
othe
rs u
nder
age
18
4.4%
0.0%
-100
.0%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
13.3
%13
.0%
2.3%
12.4
%fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
(dI
rotil
de
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed27
15-4
4.4%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.4%
rs'S
vo/r
dirr
19R
(.8-
and
199
0 9/
)1.
7%21
.4%
25.0
%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e0,
0%4.
3%7,
100%
13.8
%(1
9874
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
20
-100
.0%
-25.
2% tiI
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S i
I99(
1
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n12
,765
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
183
306
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
38
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
3 24
6
- O
ther
.15
-I i
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
34
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
695
1
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
6,75
6
LON
ON
11
Pro
file
(199
0)
Fco
norn
ic g
row
th r
atc
2.80
%
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing:
30
9%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s17
.2%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
_Ser
. ice
s
-S
low
est.
Ret
ail t
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)8.
30%
136
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(10C
s, J
54)
,504
1 (2
5Ni
0%25
%50
%75
%IX
%E
xcep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
1.co
noin
ics
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(197
9- 1
989)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
98a/
9901
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Unt
il C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Cou
nty
MI S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(Sch
ool r
eam
198
68 a
nd 1
990
91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
987.
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Stat
eC
hang
e
15.0
%17
.9%
19.3
%21
.6%
7.2%
11.9
%65
.3%
37.3
%
5.4%
7.I%
31.5
%15
.7%
11.8
%15
.9%
34.7
%36
.8%
6.2%
3.6%
-41.
9%6.
0%
1.2%
2.2%
83.3
%8.
0%
9.3%
11.6
%24
.7%
12.4
%
3957
46.2
%31
.8%
0.6%
0.8%
33.3
%25
.0%
3.4%
2.9%
-14.
7%13
.8%
20
-100
.0%
-25.
2%
Ann
om19
94 R
epor
t
r-.-
Cro
w W
ing
Win
g
DE
NIO
GR
AP
I 11(
'S (
1090
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n41
,462
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1811
,919
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
Am
eric
an In
dian
102
Asi
an A
met
i ran
47
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
11,6
43
-O
ther
33
I lis
pank
(of
all
race
s)13
4
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
861
Med
ian
hmily
inco
me
$27,
274
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
7.80
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 2
2.9"
6
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
.. S
tate
and
loca
l
govt
.: 21
.3%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(I 9
80-
1990
/
Fas
test
....D
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
-S
low
est .
......
.tran
spor
tatio
n/pu
blic
util
ities
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4.
60",
t13
8'
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(IO
N (
75%
)15
C%
1(2
5%)
0%25
%50
%75
%10
0%E
xcep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
I mud
s I c
o no
ins
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(19.
9 19
891
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
9M H
OW
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h Li
rclu
n \ t
an(
cs
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
18.8
%1
8.4%
-2.1
%21
.6%
15.7
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
21.1
"0
24.4
%15
.6%
36.8
%
5.4%
5.2%
-3.7
%6.
0%
3.9%
3.1
5.4%
8.0%
14.9
%1
3,t (
)/f)
-8.7
%12
.4%
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed18
220
613
.2%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f st h
old
rsdu
vi y
ean
1986
Nan
d O
W 9
11
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
91,1
' 199
11
4.3"
i,4.
4%2.
3%25
,0%
1111
1111
1.11
1111
IN C
ount
y11
11
150.
0'6
25. 2
"
Sta
le
1994
Rep
ort
tt 1
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Iot
al p
opul
atio
n2-
S.99
.1
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
ISS2
.3c2
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an1
101
Am
eric
an I
ndia
n .
102
Asi
an A
mer
k an
2,;5
3
huro
pean
Am
erka
nO
ther
.so
n
Iiis
pank
or
all r
aces
,1.
023
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
n30
.0-0
NIe
wan
tain
ikS-
4- 1
30
EC
ON
ON
1IC
S
PrO
rl:C
1"q(
t
h.,'n
,vni
. gr's
sth
rate
10 3
0'0
I ar
gest
'3er
s ic
e,1
S
skko
nd la
rges
t ind
ustr
y.1)
urab
lm
anut
a,tii
rIng
. 12
IndL
otr
10-'1
.10t
)(17
Iast
otse
ts ic
es
luss
est
Con
stri
ii.no
n
Une
mpl
o%rn
ent r
ate
,1,1
9
6
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
E
Wor
seB
ette
r
1140
5%1
125%
1Ji
25i A
75%
IA
I I II 1
Cou
nts.
1111
Stat
e
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
ySt
ate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
,,it
Iunt
ilt L
cunu
nlic
s
14 ly
re 1
1111
1111
trd
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
ert
4.41
005.
4%22
.7%
21.6
"o
(19-
91w
49)
Chi
ldre
n in
sing
le p
aren
t hou
seho
lds
10.4
0013
.9°0
33.7
0o.1
- it,
.
1194
11 f
').l)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
hl3.
8".
.4.8
"i)
Firt
h (
irc'tm
ista
nces
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s10
-uu
1 4
."°o
3'.4
0o36
.80u
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
4 60
14.
800
4.3"
0(t
110
0
Chi
ldre
n bu
rnto
mot
hers
unde
r ag
e 18
5°,
1 .3
0u11
300
8 O
u,,
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
%sa
il5
i"0
5.0"
oI 2
.4u.
few
er th
an12
year
s U
cdu
cat i
on
tit)
ns o
f
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
edii'
)58
572
.6°L
)31
,8 °
u
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng n
ut u
t3.
2°u
2.90
0.9
.400
250°
u
19m
.0/
Chi
ldre
n's
inur
es a
gain
st p
eol,l
e4
"oIt
1 go
-27
400
13 8
0o
/99/
( hi
ldre
n dy
ing
siol
ntl
105
-50.
0qo
-25.
2u"
I994
Rep
on
Dod
ge
DE
MO
( ;R
AN
I IC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n15
,895
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
184,
920
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
6
Am
eric
an In
dian
13
Asi
an A
mer
ican
56
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
4,79
9
-O
ther
46
1lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)76
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
624
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
3,58
2
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5.50
2/n
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing:
23%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
......
.Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 15
.9%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
1)tir
ahle
goo
ds m
anuf
actu
ring
-S
low
est
Con
stru
ctio
n
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4.
10%
142
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(1n)
(75
%)
150%
) (2
5%)
0%25
%50
%75
%11
:17%
U11
111
Cou
nty
1111
1S
tate
I9'7
4 R
epor
t
Bas
e
Yea
r
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d19
86
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
10.0
%7.
4%-2
6.0%
21.6
%(/
979.
1989
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s5.
6%9.
2%64
.3%
37.3
%(1
980
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C5.
1%4.
0%-2
1.6%
15.7
%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sI0
.0%
1 1
.3%
13.0
%36
.8%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
6.1
%5.
5%-9
.8%
6.0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
9%3.
1%63
.2%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
10.3
%12
.5%
21.4
%12
.4%
few
er th
an 1
1 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
l'uou
ldc
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed21
210.
0%3
1 .8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.4%
0.7
°/n
-50.
0%25
.0%
(Sch
aaf '
,ran
986
8' a
nd/9
90 9
/
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e1.
70/0
8.9%
423.
5%13
.8%
(I 9
R7
/991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
23
50.0
%-2
5.2% (,1
II
DE
MO
GR
APH
ICS
(199
0)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
,...,
28,7
89
7,79
3 14 .30
......
.....
.....6
0
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
.. ...
....
7.68
5
-O
ther
......
....
..
.4
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)37
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6..
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e52
6,88
6
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Ec,
.mom
ic g
row
th r
ate.
larg
est i
ndus
try.
.
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
,7,
10%
Ser
vice
s: 2
1.2%
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
gost
.. 16
8"0
Indu
stry
(iro
wth
(19
80.1
(.19
0)
Fas
test
Dot
al*
good
s m
anuf
actu
ring
Slo
wes
t...
.Con
stru
ctio
n
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)3.
50%
(
144
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
E
Wor
seB
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r
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rt)
(50%
) (2
5%)
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%75
s. 1
%
I 111
1
..1. ,
ii.1
1111
Cou
nty
1111
Sta
te
btep
r
I .tn
tilh
I Lnn
oink
s
Bas
e
Yea
r
whe
re r
nelic
ared
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Stat
e
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
15.3
%i/9
'9 1
989)
13.2
° /u
-13.
7%21
.6%
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s7.
50.0
11.9
%58
.7%
37.3
0,o
1/ 9
80-
1990
,
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C6.
7%6.
2%-7
.5%
15.7
%- -.
.)
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s12
.1%
16.7
%38
.0%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
3.5
°/u
6.1%
74.3
%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82.
7%1.
7%-3
7.0%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
ss
ith7.
940
6.1%
-22.
8%12
.4%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns Id
Rou
ble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed60
155
158.
3%31
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.2%
1.6%
33.3
%25
.0%
(Ow
l pea
rl/9
86 8
'a,le
l
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e1.
390
5.0%
284.
6%13
.8%
(/98
7499
/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
1(1
-100
.0%
-25.
2%
__)
145
111.
1.11
11m
1.11
1994
Rep
ort
Irl
DE
NIO
GR
AN
11(
(199
0)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n17
,170
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
184,
523
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an13
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an13
-A
sian
Am
eric
an73
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
4,36
4
Oth
er60
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)11
6
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
331
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
7,60
6
FLO
NO
M1(
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
3 50
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 2
5.2%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
13.
7%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
-F
aste
stN
on-d
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
-S
low
est
Who
lesa
le tr
ade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)3
90%
146
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
1100
%)
1750
(50
%)
(2A
)0%
25%
50%
15%
100%
a
Evc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
Lou
iv
onom
i
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(/9-
9 /0
89)
14.1
0015
.2%
7.8"
o21
.6%
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s7,
906
12.6
0059
.5°i
)3-
.3%
(IM
O 1
9001
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C7.
0"o
10.3
064,
.1 °
uI S
...."
0
Birt
h(
it U
nntit
.ullc
ti
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn r
o un
mar
ried
pare
nts
Ii"'
017
,5%
54.9
0636
.s0b
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
3.0°
07.
900
163.
390
6.0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
7%2.
3%35
.3%
8.04
0
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
of F
roub
lc
7.8°
01
1.3%
44.9
%12
.4%
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed66
660.
0 °i
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
0.4%
1.1%
1 75
.119
'O25
.0%
(8,b
an1
yean
198
6 8'
and
199
0 0/
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e3.
9%7.
5%92
..3%
I3.8
%II
'(R' /
990
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
0I
> 1
00"
'6-2
5.24
0
I. C
ount
yIII
I Sta
te
147
R11
.11
51)9
4 P
erm
'
DE
N1(
)(;
RA
N il
l:S 1
/41
0901
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n'0
,839
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
185,
-84
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an,,.
..,.,.
,-
Am
eric
an In
dian
..17
Asi
an A
mer
ican
i9
Fur
ope.
in A
mer
ican
5,71
5
-O
ther
.....
. ....
......
.....
......
....
......
11
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
. ...
.....
......
.... 3
S
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6...
...1,
820
Med
i in
fam
ik:
......
E(.
()N
ON
IICS
Pro
file
(199
01
grov
ith r
ate
..5.
I W
..
[arg
ot in
dust
ry ..
.. ...
....
Far
min
g: 2
6.3%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try_
_ S
ervi
ces:
16.
7%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
i198
0.19
90)
Fas
test
_Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
actu
ring
-S
low
est
V'h
oles
ale
trad
e
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
4.50
4o
118
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
la*
t75k
1 i5
A1
(25k
1a
a%5'
%75
%la
h
I.
erup
t whe
re in
dica
ted
l.nni
ly'
cono
mic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(197
9498
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
9804
990)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h (.
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bu
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
heis
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f Iro
tible
MN
=0.
Cou
nty
in S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
tsdm
oi "
eon
986.
87 a
nd 1
990
9!)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
9147
./9'9
11
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
eY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
1986
1991
18.9
%19
.6%
3.7%
6.3%
10.4
%65
.1%
5.7%
4,0%
-29.
8%
9.3%
16.4
%76
.3%
5.3%
3.2%
-39.
6%
2.3
°/o
3.2%
39.1
%
9.7%
14.2
%46
.4%
630
400.
0%
1.5%
1,2%
-20.
0"i3
8.0%
2.3%
-71.
3%
20
.100
.0%
21.6
%
37.3
%
15.7
%
36.8
%
6.0%
8.0%
12.4
%
31.8
%
25.0
%
13.8
%
.25.
2%
149
1994
Rep
ort
Free
born
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n34
,156
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
188,
648
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
2
Am
eric
an In
dian
15
Asi
an A
mer
ican
57
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
8,25
8
-O
ther
.3
I fis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)
5(1)
(
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
62,
678
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
9,60
4
I CO
NO
MR
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
3. I
0%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 1
7.8%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 1
6.1%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
Ser
vice
s
-S
low
est
Non
-dur
able
goo
ds
man
ufac
turin
g
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4.
90%
150
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
Itl (
75%
) (5
0V 1
25%
10%
25%
50%
75%
1CO
%E
xcep
t
Bas
e
Yea
r
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1,11
1111
N'
I)
11 W
111
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
10.4
%12
.4%
19.2
%
(197
9.19
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s9.
7%14
.2%
46.4
%
(198
0199
0)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C8.
1%9.
5%17
.3%
Birt
h C
irctin
istA
ticcs
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s15
.7%
26.4
%68
.2%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
4.7%
8.6%
83.0
%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
3%3.
8%15
.2%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
12.1
%15
.6%
28.9
%fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
Sig
ns o
f lio
t11)
1c
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed10
810
1-6
.5%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.3%
4.2%
82.6
%
( C
Iho
of r
an/9
86 8
7 an
d 19
9091
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es lg
ains
t peo
ple
5.6%
(i987
./99)
2,7%
-51.
8%
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
22
0.0%
Sta
teC
hang
e
21.6
%
37.3
%
15.7
%
36.8
%
6.0%
8.0%
12.4
%
31.8
%
25.0
%
13.8
%
-25.
2%
151
19'4
Rep
ott
Goo
dhue
DE
N1O
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n40
,874
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1811
,514
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an51
Am
eric
an In
dian
136
-A
sian
Am
eric
an10
0
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an11
,192
Oth
er35
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)93
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
63,
713
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
5,15
1
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
7.20
%-
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Non
-dur
able
goo
dsm
anuf
actu
ring:
17.
7%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 1
7.4%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
Ser
vice
s
- S
low
est
Ret
ail t
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)3.
60%
II
152
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(75%
) 15
0%)
125%
1C
I%25
%50
%75
%IC
C%
NI
&ce
p: w
here
indi
cate
d
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(19'
9198
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(
/980
-199
0)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
ilers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f1
iot1
1)it.
1111
Cou
nty
.11
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
min
.( w
an /9
86.8
7 an
d /9
9091
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
9874
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sla
t
Cha
n
8.1%
-2,4
%21
.
7.9%
11.4
%44
.3%
37.
5.2%
5.2%
0.0%
15.
11.0
%17
.0%
54.5
%36
.
3.7%
3.80
/o2.
7%6.
1.0%
1.8%
80.0
%8.
8.2%
9,1%
11.0
%12
.
103
85-1
7.59
4,31
.
2.3%
2.2%
-4.3
%25
.
6.3%
1.6%
74 fi
%13
.
43
-25.
0%-2
5.
1994
Rep
ort
tl
1)E
MO
GR
AI'H
ICS
( 1
990)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n6,
248
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
625
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an8
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an9
Asi
an A
mer
ican
10
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
1,59
8
Oth
er0
His
pani
c (o
f all
rate
s)
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
(48
0
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
4,61
6
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5.60
()))
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 3
3.8%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s!.3
%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
...
_Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
/pub
lic u
tiliti
es
-S
low
est
Who
lesa
le tr
ade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4
20%
154
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
MI (
75%
)(5
041
(2h)
0%25
%50
%75
%10
0%
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
Esc
epr
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
r/9-
9 /9
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(/
980.
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Bit
di(
11,1
11,,t
,111
(c,,
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s11
.5%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
1.3%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
80.
0%
2.6%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
I rul
lllC
1111
Cou
nty
MI S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(saw
( pe
an 1
986.
87 a
nd 1
990
9/)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e09
8' /9
90
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
24
0,1%
4.2%
3
16.0
%-
1 .2
%2
I .6%
8.7%
55.4
%37
.3%
8.4%
29.2
%15
.7%
10.9
%5,
2%36
.8%
1.8'
038
.5%
6.0%
0.0%
8.0%
9.1%
250.
0%12
.4%
2-9
1.7%
31.8
%
0.7%
600.
0%25
.0%
0.0%
100.
0%13
.8%
0-1
00.0
%-2
5.2%
15
IM/4
Per
ri
DE
MO
( .A
PH
ICS
(19
90)
tota
l pop
ulat
ion
1,04
4.90
1
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1823
8,54
4
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an/3
206
Am
eric
an In
dian
5,86
0
Asi
an A
mer
ican
11,6
98
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
195,
800
Oth
er1,
980
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)4,
667
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
691
,772
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$4
4,18
9
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e7.
60?0
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
27.
3%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Dur
able
goo
dsm
anuf
actu
ring:
12.
8%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
8019
90)
-F
aste
stS
ervi
ces
- S
low
est
Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
ictu
ring
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4.
10%
156.
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
VO
N (
75%
1 )5
0%1
(25V
25%
50%
75%
ICO
%
1.in
tils
I tot
ioirt
ic,-
-
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(i 9'
9.19
89)
&tin
win
indu
cted
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
e
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
980
149M
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Rirt
h C
it(tit
tp.t.
inku
s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2ea
rs o
f edu
catio
n
',Tn.
, of
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(S, L
oot
1986
.8' a
nd 1
990
911
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
987
1991
)
111
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
8.5
°013
.2"o
5 5.
3"21
.6 °
o
17.8
%22
.0 °
o23
.6".
o37
.3"o
11
.6%
15.2
°631
.0°6
5.7"
0
20.6
°027
.0%
31.1
"o
36.8
"
5.9°
6.2
°o5.
1°
i)6.
0" O
2.6
°o3.
3"b
26.9
%8.
0%
10.4
%1
1 .6
"o11
.50o
I 2o
1,71
33,
048
77,9
%31
.8%
4.9%
6.0%
22.4
0625
.0%
8.9%
10.3
9.o
15,7
063.
8().
o
4935
-28.
6%-2
5.2%
Cou
nty
Sta
te
119
94 R
epol
i
Hou
ston
DE
MO
G R
AN
IIC
S (
1990
)
Iota
' pop
ulat
ion
18,5
44
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
185,
328
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an23
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an34
-A
sian
Am
eric
an. .
......
......
...52
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
5,21
4
Oth
er...
......
......
.....
....
......
hisp
anic
(of
all
race
s) ..
......
......
.....
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
r,
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e
11
1,-5
3
.10
,937
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5.30
%
l.arg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 2
0.3%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
y....
Far
min
g: 1
6.0%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
..D
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
Slo
wes
t...
. ....
.R
etai
l tra
de
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)3.
70%
tri
,,,,,,
,
158
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
MI (
75%
)(5
e%)
(25%
)0%
25%
504
75%
100%
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
l',11
1111
1 I 1
0110
1111
t,,,
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
0 -0
/989
1
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
080
. 100
0,
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
ircum
st.in
ccs
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
1111
s O
f 110
111/
1C
III C
ount
yN
M S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(s.lt
nel "
eon
1986
87
ived
199
0 9/
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
98' 1
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
12.6
%
7.2%
4.8%
46
0.8%
9.4%
0
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
9.8%
-22.
28'0
21.6
06
12.9
%79
.2%
37.3
%
4.4%
-8.3
%15
.79b
13.7
%35
.6%
36.8
%
2.2%
-12.
00/0
6.0%
2.62
:b85
.7%
8.0%
6 3%
-17.
1%12
.4%
14-6
9.6%
31.8
%
0.6%
-25.
0%25
.0%
8.2%
-1 2
.8%
13.8
%
1.,1
00%
-25.
2%
159
Hub
bard
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
199
0)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n14
,971
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
184,
088
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an2
Am
eric
an In
dian
118
Asi
an A
mer
ican
7
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
Oth
er
3.95
7 4
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)15
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
271
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e82
4,12
7
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)-
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
7.30
%
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
25.
1%
-S
econ
i lar
gest
indu
stry
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 18
.8%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
-F
aste
stN
on-D
urab
le G
oods
Man
ufac
turin
g-
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l Tra
de
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)5.
80%
160
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
MC
%)
(75%
)(5
0%)
(25%
)0%
25%
50%
15%
100%
IIII I 11
11
IIII C
ount
yIII
I Sta
te
Ere
pt w
here
II c
on o
nt s
Bas
e
Yea
r
indi
cate
d19
86
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
22.7
%21
.4%
-5.7
%21
,600
(19"
9.19
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s11
.1%
13.2
%18
.9%
37.3
%(1
980-
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C15
.0%
12.7
%-1
5.39
4)15
.7%
Birt
h C
m_
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s14
.9%
21.0
%40
.9%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
ar b
irth
2.6%
4.3%
65.4
%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
84.
6%3.
2%-3
0.4%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
11.3
9/n
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
11.8
%4.
4%12
.4%
lign
IdI
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed37
6267
.6%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.1%
2.8%
33.3
%25
.0%
(Sch
eel y
ear?
198
6-87
and
199
0-91
1
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e3.
0%2,
5%-1
6.7%
13.8
%(1
98'1
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
00
-25.
1%
161
1994
Rep
ort
elr!
Isan
ti
I )1'
Nlt
)t; I
tAP
I 1'S
(19
001
foca
l pop
ulat
ion.
....
......
.....
26,0
26
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
188,
107
Afr
ii an
Am
eric
an ..
....
....
.....
29
Auk
an In
dia
err.
Asi
an A
mer
ican
... ..
.....
....
....
.... 5
2
Fur
opea
n A
mer
ican
7,00
6
()til
er...
......
....
......
.. ...
..8
His
pani
c (o
f .d1
rac
es)
42
(..h
ildre
n un
der
age
6....
......
.....
2,S
10
rsle
chan
fam
ily in
com
e ...
..
FC
()N
t )ts
11(
Pro
file
(19.
110
()m
imic
gro
wth
tate
6 60
"0
larg
est i
ndus
try,
,.S
tate
and
lot a
l gov
t.:
25.4
%
will
larg
est i
ndus
try
St.r
. it c
s)/
4.1)
"
Indu
stry
Gro
ss th
098
0 19
901
Fas
test
..N
on d
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
Slo
wes
t ....
hira
ble
good
s m
anuf
actu
ring
t Ine
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(I 9
9.i)
4.60
%
162
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Wor
seB
ette
rY
ear
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
ITN
(79
) (5
0%)
(25%
)0%
25%
II
(olit
tly
50%
75%
100%
Es,
ept w
ere
indi
cate
d19
86
FM11
1V
0110
111.
R
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
rr9-
9198
9)7.
700
1(1.
1%31
.2%
21.6
9/o
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s8.
5%14
.4%
69.4
%37
.3%
1198
0 19
901
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C7.
6o/o
8.64
013
.2%
15.7
%
Birt
h C
irctim
stan
ccs
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s17
.9)>
>21
.3 >
110
.0%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
2.50
62.
6%4.
0%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
7%2.
6%52
,99
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
12.1
1%9.
8%-1
9.0%
12.4
%fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
tiifn
s of
hou
blc
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed28
3317
.0%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1 4°
04.
1%70
.8%
25.0
%(O
we,
/ rea
r, 1
916
8' a
nd /9
90 9
/)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e5.
5%5.
9%7.
3%13
.8%
(/98
' ('1
9/1
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
300.
094,
25.2
%
Sta
te
19.)
.1 W
ert'
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n41
,052
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1811
,638
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an25
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an53
8
Asi
an A
mer
ican
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an11
,026
-O
ther
16
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)10
1
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
63
343
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e42
",25
2
FC
ON
OM
WS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Sta
te
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
-F
aste
st ..
....
......
......
..
-S
low
est
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)
4.20
%
& L
ocal
Gov
t.:21
,2%
Ser
vice
s. 2
0.0%
......
_S
ervi
ces
Min
ing
9.00
%
164
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(10A
))5
0%)
125%
)04
)25
%50
%75
%M
C%
1111
Cou
nty
1111
Sta
te
Bas
e
Yea
r
Eve
pt w
here
indi
cate
d19
86
.111
111v
I<<
Ono
nti«
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(i.)"
9 / Q
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f Fro
ulde
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
11, L
w/ y
ear,
198
5.8'
,9od
199
0 91
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e!1
9819
9!1
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
22.5
"0
7.0"
b
4,1%
1.24
o
3')
165
1.4%
4.3%
2
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
21.1
"o77
3 "
621
.6"0
6.'"O
46.2
"o37
.3"o
,1.2
"o-9
.0"o
1 S
. "o
3 1
.9")
)41
.8"o
36.8
"o
o.I
-1
2.9"
))6.
0"i)
4.79
i)I 4
.6()
i)8.
0"
Ii 2
.5"o
I 1.6
" o
I 2.4
"o
2438
.6"i)
31 .8
"O
3.9"
oI 7
8,6"
O
3. I
oo-2
7.90
63.
8(16
90,0
"1,
-25.
21b
25.0
"o
1994
Rev
olt
Jack
son
DE
MO
GR
AP
I-11
(:S
(19
90)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n11
248
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
183
153
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
0
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an0
-A
sian
Am
eric
an10
5
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
3,00
3
Oth
er45
-I l
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
47
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
697
9
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e..
......
.....
2S,3
7()
hCO
NO
NIIC
S
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
2.90
%
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing:
37.
7°1)
-
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
....S
tate
and
loca
l
govt
.: 13
.7"'
Indu
stry
( ir
owth
(19
80.1
990
)
Fas
test
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion/
puhl
ic u
tiliti
es
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
Ifnem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
993)
.6.
10%
r199
4 ite
rtt
166
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
175%
1(5
0%1
(25%
10%
25%
50%
75%
100%
&re
pt O
we
indw
ated
L nt
ils 1
0non
tics
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(197
9 /0
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(/
980.
/99(
,1
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
IDC
Birt
h Li
rcom
stai
thcs
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Siro
s of
lrou
hlc'
1111
1 co
unty
1.11
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(1r6
sel y
ean
198(
8' a
nd /9
90 9
1)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(
/98'
/99/
1
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
g
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986
18.4
9i,
1991
15.0
%-
1 8,
5)/0
21.6
'!b
6.69
/61
1 .0
",i)
66,7
%3'
.3%
7.8°
08.
4%7.
79b
I S.7
°
10.3
(Li)
I ,i.3
9/0
29. 1
".i0
36.8
%
6.9%
4.70
/0-3
1.9%
6.0%
3.4"
),0.
8%-7
6.5%
8.0%
7. 5
ai,
7.89
414.
09'6
12.4
%
1212
0.0%
31.8
%
6.2%
0.8%
300.
0%25
.0%
0,0%
2,6%
>10
0%13
.8 °
%0
0(1
-25.
2%
167
DE
MO
GR
AP
I:(
1 99
0)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n12
,872
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1886
5
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an2
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an18
-A
sian
Am
eric
an54
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
3,76
6
Oth
er
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)42
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
172
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e52
7,44
5
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
01
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5.40
%
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yR
etai
l tra
de: 1
7.9%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
tate
and
loca
l
govt
.: 16
.5%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
9901
-F
aste
stS
ervi
ces
Slo
wes
tC
onst
ruct
ion
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3).7
.50%
168
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(IO
N (
75%
) 15
041
(25%
0%25
%50
%75
%IC
U%
Exc
ept w
bere
turb
aned
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
e
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
I.1
11
li1V
I toi
l 1)
I (
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(19.
9 / 9
89)
Chi
ldre
nsi
ngle
par
ent h
ouse
hold
s(1
980-
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Mirt
hti
rip?t
s
17.9
%19
.0"
i>6.
1"6
2 I .
6"6
0.7%
14.2
° i)
46.4
%1(
')
8.4%
10.4
9n23
. S %
I S.'"
"i,
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
17.0
9/0
27 .2
%54
,50o
36.8
°)
3.2%
10.2
()))
21 ti
.8"
i)6.
0(! o
3.7%
4.1(
N)
10.8
%8.
0%
13.3
%15
.0%
12.8
%12
.4%
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(5(
hod
yran
/986
87
and
/990
90
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e11
98' /
99!)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
3.50
/03.
8%8.
6%25
.0%
3.5%
10.6
%20
2.9%
,13
.8%
>10
0%-2
5.2%
MI C
ount
yS
tate
1914
Rep
ort
Kan
diyo
hi
pls.
Mot
(199
01
foul
pop
ulat
ion.
.40.
01 2
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
INI 1
,082
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an58
Am
eric
an In
dian
122
Asi
an A
mer
ican
66
Eur
opea
n..I
0,54
1
Oth
er20
5
r [p
anic
(of
all
_680
t.Iti
ldre
n un
der
age
63,
691
firm
ly in
cnrn
,.$
30.6
20
FC
()N
t )M
1CS
Pro
file
1190
01
Eco
nom
ic g
ross
ill r
ate.
....
-.0
0"k
arge
sr in
dust
ry..
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal 20
.1%
-S
cion
s' la
rges
t ind
ustr
y..
.S
ervi
kes
19.6
°4
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(10
80.1
9010
Fas
test
..N
on-d
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
-S
low
est
fran
port
atio
n/pu
hlit
utili
ties
Inem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
90 )
1...
......
1.20
0b
1.1.
),.,,
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
ySt
ate
Wor
seB
ette
rY
ear
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
beep
whe
re I
ndic
ated
19bo
1991
Km
(75
%1
150%
)(2
5%)
0%25
%F
A15
%11
:I096
I.111
111
1
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
wry
r0,
491
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s01
,50
'05)
'
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
MC
Birt
h C
irtur
n \ta
nk e
s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of (
duel
. ion
1ign
`.. o
f Tro
uble
(:ru
nty
StA
le
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
boa
'ram
198
6 $'
and
199
0 91
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(!
55/9
0/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
170
17110
.3"0
15.1
%46
.696
21.6
%
8.40
01
2.6"
.050
.0"i)
3 -.
3c1i
.)
9.6"
011
.8%
22.9
°0
15.7
00
1 1.
6°0
21.8
%87
.0%
36.8
%
3.89
64,
0%5.
3%6.
0%
1.4%
4.00
618
5.70
08.
0%
8.2"
014
.3°
74.4
%12
.4%
85').
4 "6
31.8
%
I.8 °
5. 1
°6
I83,
3"b
25.0
%
7.4%
4.7%
-36.
5%13
.8%
I6
500.
0%-2
5.2%
Kitt
son
DE
NiO
GR
AP
} IIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n5.
808
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
511
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
0
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an0
-A
sian
Am
eric
an
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an-
Oth
er
1,50
4 S
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
/ 3
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
649
2
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
eS
19,6
43
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e5.
20"6
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing:
49.
5%-
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
_...
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 13
.6%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
( 1
98(
l 199
0)-
Fas
test
_Far
min
g-
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)5,
70%
RI)
172
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(75%
) 54
:%1
c25%
12%
25%
50%
75%
100%
E
1111
1C
ount
y1.
11S
tate
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
hoer
whe
re ',
affo
rd19
8619
91
rarn
ilv r
(ono
rliic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
fq,s
vi1
2.9%
I 1.3
" o
3.1"
.2
I .6"
o
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s.1
0o10
. 3"
i)4
3.1"
o..1
"I,
(Ng(
) N
ow
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
EI)
(;S
.6"
o4.
2 "u
- 25
,0''o
15.-
0o
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s.8
"b6.
1"0
36.8
"6
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ills
at b
irth
4.90
.01.
9"i)
61.2
')i)
0.0"
o
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
906
0.0°
0-1
00.0
"i,8.
(1 °
o
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
6.89
61.
996
-72.
1()(
t2.
4')i)
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
*...n
s of
Frim
ble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed12
I-
91.7
"b
31.8
06
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(s. N
o/ p
earl
I'M(
8' a
nd 1
900
1 01
10.
7%0.
1%-4
2,9"
i)25
.09i
,
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e0.
00o
0.09
61.
1.8"
6P
M W
M
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
0I
>10
09i)
-26.
2"6
173
1004
Rep
oli
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
nI 6
,603
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
184.
219
Mik
an A
mer
ican
13
Am
eric
an In
dian
......
.....
.A
-0A
sian
Am
eric
an
Eur
opea
n A
nier
itan.
.....
......
...i,
959
Oth
er54
1 I i
span
ic (
of a
ll ra
ces)
... ..
......
......
74
(lhild
ren
unde
r ag
e 6
......
......
...1,
223
!sle
dian
hin
ds' i
ncom
e$2
8 21
1
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
8.90
44
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
y...
.. C
onst
ruct
ion:
38,
7%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Non
dur
able
good
s m
anuf
actu
ring:
21.
3%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
kist
ect.
'onc
irm ti
on
-S
low
est .
..._S
tate
and
loca
l gov
t.
I 'ne
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)6
50°
I0'1
4 R
epor
t
17
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
i75%
'5:
4t25
%1
';%,
8N50
N75
%10
C%
&ce
p w
here
indi
cate
d
I.1 M
IR. L
. ) ).
0 1
1 0
llti
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
19X
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
siA
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(/
9.4o
990)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
irtun
tsta
ntes
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
nth
ers
unde
r ag
e 18
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
('min
tyS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
nes
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
rs. b
en/ y
ear.
1'1
X(
8" a
nd l9
'0 9
11
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(P
m-
1991
1
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986
1991
13. 1
"o
16.6
0426
,7%
2I 6
°40
II .
1"o
19.7
1".6
78.4
0'0
37.3
°/o
13.5
%10
.3°6
- 23
.7 °
uI 5
.7%
17.4
(%31
,6%
81.6
%36
.ert
2.9(
'),4.
2%44
.8%
6.0%
2.3%
3.3°
.ii43
.5%
9.3%
13.2
%41
.9%
12.4
°n
3825
-34.
2%31
.8%
2.2%
2.5%
13.6
%25
.0%
1.5%
0.0%
-100
.0%
13.8
%
000
%25
.2%
175'
I )(;R
AP
E II
CS
(19
90)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n8,
944
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
182,
354
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an4
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an5
-A
sian
Am
eric
an11
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an2,
328
-O
ther
6
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
10
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
674
8
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e82
5,98
7
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
2.30
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
.Far
min
g: 3
7.5%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
,,...
.Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 14
.5%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
-F
aste
st...
......
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal g
ovt.
Slo
wes
tW
hole
sale
trad
e
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3) ..
.....
.....
.3.8
0%
8 '
176
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
VeC
il(75
%1
(50%
) (2
5 %
)0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
S.
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
( /9
79 1
9749
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(
9NO
I 91
)01
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
r.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
houi
dc
ft=11
1.C
ount
yS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(Seh
ool r
an 1
986.
87 a
nd 1
990
9)1
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
98' /
990
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
1.77
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Yea
rC
hang
e
1986
1991
18.6
%14
.1%
- 24
.2 "
0
5.9%
6.5%
10.2
%
3.6%
2.7%
-25.
0%
9.3%
9.9%
6.5%
5.4%
1.0%
-81.
5%
2.3%
2.0%
-1 3
.0%
3.9%
7.9%
102.
6%
442
.9%
0.4%
0.1%
-75.
0%
0.0%
0.0%
0-1
00.0
%
Sta
te
Cha
nge
1994
Rep
ort
21.6
%
37.3
0b
15.7
140
36.8
%
6.0%
8.0%
I 2.4
%
31.8
%
25.0
%
13,8
%
-25.
2%
DE
NIO
G R
AN
I IC
S (
19)0
1
Fou
l...
.....
......
.10.
4E8
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
182.
51 3
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an3
Am
eric
an In
dian
.....
......
......
....2
3
Asi
an A
mer
ican
15
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
. ._2
.472
Oth
cr0
I Iis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)14
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
676
5
Med
ian
fam
ily in
wm
e$2
8,06
7
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
01
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
0.20
%
larg
est i
ndus
try
Min
ing:
20%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
...S
tate
and
loca
lP
vt
16.9
'6
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
( 1
980
1990
)
Fas
test
....
.D
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
-S
low
est
Min
ing
linem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
993)
6.20
%
rt,1"4
lean
t
178
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(10N
175%
) (5
0%)
(25%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
( / 9
'9 /
9/49
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s11
'1X
0 19
x))
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
irco
stal
l( s'
S
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Cla
inty
1111
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n :b
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(c, h
nol '
,tan
1986
8' a
nd 1
'x90
.91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
91r.
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
entli
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
4.2%
12.3
"619
2.9%
21.6
%
8.7%
13.8
%58
.6%
37.3
%
-5.1
%15
.7%
99qb
9.4%
2411
11
10.9
9616
.8%
54. I
%36
.8%
3.6%
5.0%
38.9
%6.
0%
2.9%
0.0%
100.
04n
8.0%
6.6%
5.0%
-24.
246
1 2.
4%
812
50.0
To
.0W
01
.1 0
,a10
.0%
31.8
%
25.0
%
0.0%
2.2%
>10
0%13
.8%
00
-25.
2%
1111
1111
1=11
111U
NIM
MIIM
MIN
IIII
;
ake
of th
e W
oods
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n4,
096
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
143
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an12
Asi
an A
mer
ican
4
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an1.
127
-O
ther
0
His
pani
c (o
f .,!l
iace
s)12
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
640
5
Med
ian
fanc
ily im
ome.
..5
29,1
21
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
-.10
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 1
9.5"
o
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
y.S
tate
and
loca
l
govt
.: 19
.3%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
.....
Far
min
g
-S
low
est
Ret
ail t
rade
L'oe
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)40
%
180
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(In)
(75
%)
(M)
(25%
)O
N25
%50
%75
%I0
J%&
fpw
here
indi
arre
d
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
Pr9
198
94
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(N
M 1
0901
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
111.
1ou
ilt
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
'Sta
teC
hang
e
20.5
%11
.0%
-46.
3%21
.6°6
8.6%
12.8
°648
.80.
o
6.6%
5.2"
o-2
1 .2
"oI S
.7"0
2-i ,
6" o
21 I
.4"o
30.8
"0
3.2°
68.
8n0
175.
0°0
6.0°
0
4.8°
0I .
810
-02.
S"O
8.0"
0
9,6°
6I 0
.S°o
11)5
'I2
.4'
12.4
o31
.8'
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.8%
2.3"
o2'
.8°o
26.0
"oIn
! rea
m 1
9116
87
and
19.)
11. 9
11
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
eti9
8-.1
0911
1 0.
5"2"
060
.0"0
I 3.8
°0
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
025
2",
,
161
1994
Rep
ast
a
MA
R(
; RA
P1-
1(1
990)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n)
3 37
2
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
186,
845
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
9
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an7
-A
sian
Am
eric
an50
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an6,
756
-O
ther
23
I lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)7.
3
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6,1
51
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
2,75
2
I.CO
NO
M1(
:S
Pro
file
(199
01
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e5.
40%
1 ar
got i
ndus
try
Dur
able
goo
ds
man
aufa
ctur
ing:
16.
7%
Sec
ond
larg
e.t i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 1
5.9%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
Far
m e
rg
Slo
wes
tN
on-d
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4.
70%
182
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(100
%)
(75%
)15
0%)
(25%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
ICC
%E
xcep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
0111
1I c
onom
icti
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(Iv
-v /9
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(/
980.
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
i r1
ti
1.11
Cou
nty
MI S
tate
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
)nti
nl1
I 11
111)
14..:
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
righo
olye
ari 1
986.
8 7a
nd 1
990
91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
(198
7.19
91)
..
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
1
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986
1991
9.7%
8.6%
-11.
3%21
.6%
6.5°
610
.4%
60.0
%37
.3%
5.40
05.
3%-1
.9%
15.7
%
10.7
%22
.3%
108.
4%36
.8%
3.3%
6.5%
97.0
%6.
0%
2.4
°/o
2.8%
16.7
%8.
0%
8.6%
8.7%
1.2%
12.4
%
5844
-24.
1%31
.8%
1.1%
1.3%
18.2
%25
.0%
7.3%
16.7
%12
8.8%
13.8
%
2I
-50.
0%-2
5.2%
319
94 R
erm
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n6,
899
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
799
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
0
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an
Asi
an A
mer
ican
11
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an1,
777
-O
ther
4
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)4
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
646
7
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
4,28
6
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
......
..
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 4
3.7%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
16.
7%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
-F
aste
st..T
rans
port
atio
n /p
ublic
util
ities
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)33
0%
184
?
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
()n)
(75
%)
(504
)12
5%)
2%25
%50
175
%10
2%E
vert
whe
re in
dica
ted
1.11
1111
N}
=C
hild
ren
in p
over
ty(1
9-9
/989
1
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sI/W
.199
0)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h
Im
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
,our
ity.
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(s, b
oo/ p
ram
/986
A"
and
199f
) 9)
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(/
98)/
99/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
185
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
28.9
%
S.9
0 6
13,0
%
20 0.90
,b
7.7%
Cur
rent
Yea
r
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
1991
18.3
0-3
6,7%
8.0"
i,4
5 .8
" 0
12.6
"o-9
.4%
1 9.
-'0 0
82 .4
()i,
4.5"
-16.
76
3.0%
-,10
0"6
6.1%
-43.
5%
8-6
0.0"
b
0.8
°n-1
1.1%
0.0
i,-1
00.0
()i)
-()
WW
I
1994
Rep
ritt
Sta
te
Cha
nge
15.7
1)6
36.8
"o
6.0%
8.0%
12.4
%
31.8
00
25,0
"i)
3.8"
6
25.2
"h
DI M
t 8 ;R
AN
I I(
(19I
)01
Fou
l pop
ulat
ion
......
......
....
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18
25,0
0'
6,75
0
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
)-
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
63
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an6
530
Oth
er...
.....
....
......
......
......
.10
6
Iliya
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
129
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6...
... ..
.....
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
....
...$
36,5
82
I CO
NO
MIC
S
Pro
file
(1'1
90)
Eco
nom
ic g
rosc
th r
ate.
Litg
eSt i
ndus
try
Non
dur
able
good
s m
anuf
actu
ring:
l'.8
00
seco
nd la
rges
t ind
ustr
y....
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 16
.9to
Indu
stry
Gro
ss th
(19
80 1
c)9(
1)
Fat
test
Non
dur
able
goo
ds 'm
anuf
actu
ring
-S
low
est.,
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etai
l tra
de
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ploy
men
t rat
e (1
90i)
2 51
10
11.1
1')7
{Ftr
pof
i
186
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EB
ase
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
eW
orse
Bet
ter
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
pro
(75%
) 15
,N12
5 %
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25%
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15%
ICO
%F
,ept
whe
re m
in:te
n'19
8619
91
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
1 /9
-/0
8Q
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sot
ise.
10.L
S,r
0,co
/'5
(7hi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FI)
C
Birt
h C
ircur
octa
nccs
1111
11(
omit%
1111
11State
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
1.2.
0"0
II .
2"o
-13.
2"o
21.0
"1,
S"
I 3.8
"o81
.0"0
3".
4. I
"ii2"
02.
0"o
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0i"0
36.S
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1.a"
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11.8
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11"0
(1.t)
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it),
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S.(
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0"
0.6"
`1.1
1 "0
36.4
"1
2 ..1
"0
of !r
ooki
e
4 1
.101
,31
Sull
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
boo/
yea
r, /
9" /4
/,+90
9/ !
(361
1(1
1(1
"o166
.riti
2S.1
1 "0
(2hi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
erig
ri H
ob11
,1 "
"I5
.8'0
s 00
"0I i
.8"0
('Ilil
dren
dyi
ng v
iole
ntly
i",25
.2",
=ra
mor
-18
78
Mah
nom
en
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n5.
065
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181.
574
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an2
-A
mer
ican
Ind
ian
518
Asi
an A
mer
ican
2
Isur
opea
n A
mer
ican
1.05
2
Oth
er0
His
pani
c (o
f al
lra
ces)
11
Chi
ldre
n un
der
ag 6
422
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e52
0,40
6
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Prof
ile (
1990
)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
larg
est i
ndus
try
......
....
Seem
ly' l
arge
st in
dust
ry...
9.40
%
Fart
ing:
33.
6 °i
Stat
e an
d lo
cal
govt
.: 20
.5%
Indu
stry
- (;
row
th (
1980
-199
0)
Fast
est .
....la
rmin
g
Slow
est
Ret
ail t
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(109
3)...
.... .
6.40
14,
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
110N
175%
) 15
0%11
25%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
I.
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(1'9
-9 /9
7;9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s1/
'180
199
0)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
l:DC
Birt
h C
irtim
iNt.i
ntc,
,
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Of
Froo
l,le
U
(.01
111t
yS
tile
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1%4
bon/
ran
198
6 8"
and
199
0 91
1
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(V
' 199
/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Stat
eC
hang
e
29.9
%34
.3%
14.7
%21
.6%
8.3%
18.4
%12
1.7%
.37.
3%
17.4
%20
.5%
17.8
%15
.7%
31.1
%39
.7%
27.7
%36
.8%
4.1%
4.8%
17.1
%6.
0%
er-
5.4%
3.2%
-40.
7%8.
0%
17.6
9'o
17.5
"i)
-0.6
"012
.4%
"...V
I I,
42'
)(c
25 "
%31
.8%
1.6%
0.8%
-50.
0%25
.0%
6.1%
6.5%
6.6
°ii
13.8
%
01
>10
0%-2
5.2%
188
189
'4){
ITN
Mar
shal
l
DF
MO
GR
AP
I IIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n11
.055
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
183,
181
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an4
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an15
-A
sian
Am
eric
an10
-I:L
imp:
an A
mer
ican
3 13
7
-O
ther
Iis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)28
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
687
4
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e52
6,13
2
1.C
ON
OM
IC5
Pro
file
(199
01
-F
cono
mic
gro
wth
we
5.20
%
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing:
50.
9%
S!,c
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 12
.1%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80I 9
901
laci
est..
,...
.. tie
r% R
C%
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
..50
%lln
empl
oym
, lit
rate
(19
9
rnn4
Rep
tnt
ir19
0.,
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(10A
) (7
5%)
(50%
) 12
5%)
0%25
%50
%75
%11
:0%
&ce
p: w
here
indi
cate
d
la m
il \ F
u,nu
ntic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
/ 9-9
/ 98
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
9x0.
1990
1
Chi
ldre
r de
pend
ent o
n A
l:DC
Birt
h (-
us u
nist
atis
cs
=11
11.1
1
4.11
111.
11 %N
E
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
fIt
0116
1e
mu I
Cou
nty
11.1
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(S h
ad "
fan
1986
N7
and
1990
911
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(
/98
X'9
91)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
18,3
%
4.6%
3.6%
5.8%
2.9%
0.7%
5.8%
59
0.6%
0.0%
1j'C
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e19
91
15.1
%-1
7.5%
21.6
%
10.8
%I 3
4.8%
37.3
%
4.9%
36.1
%15
.7%
16.5
%18
4.5%
36.8
%
9.0%
210.
3%6.
0%
1 .5
011
114.
3%8.
0%
10.5
%81
.0%
12.4
%
12-7
9.7%
.31.
8%
0.5%
-16.
7%25
.0%
0.0%
13.8
%
0-1
00.0
%-2
5.2%
Mar
tin
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n23
,018
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
:86,
165
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
10
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an34
Asi
an A
mer
ican
80
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an6,
012
Oth
er29
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
46
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6.1,
941
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$2
9,85
6
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0'
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e4.
90%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 1
8.6%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 1
7.0%
indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
Ser
vice
s
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3),
...
19V
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
11A
1175
%1
r25%
1C
i25
%50
t%75
% in
E'.c
rpt w
here
indi
cate
d
F.11
1111
%1
Wit
)11l
ics,
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
-rty
(r9-
9 /9
891
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
1B11
111
(14
.111
11'4
.111
t's
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
co.,y
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(Sch
ool y
ean1
996-
87 a
nd 1
990.
91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
ew
ax"
/99/
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986
1991
9.7°
614
.401
148
.500
2 I .
6"0
8.0%
12.9
"061
.300
7.6%
40.7
"o15
.7%
8.4°
o25
.1"0
198.
8%36
.8%
3.9%
4.7%
20,5
%6.
0%
2.9%
4.1"
041
.400
8.0°
o
8.4%
10.5
"025
.0%
12.4
%
6828
-58,
8%31
.8%
1.3%
1.2%
-7.7
%25
.0%
10.3
%3.
3%68
.0%
13.8
06
1-1
00.0
%-2
5.2"
o
193
1994
Rep
ort
1 I
Di A
il1(
aA
ili11
99(1
1
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n.t2
..t0
(:hi
ldre
n un
der
age
1 8
Afr
iLan
Am
eric
an...
..
Am
eric
an In
dian
....
....
11
Asi
an A
mer
ican
.,0-
Flin
Tea
ti A
mer
ican
.
Oth
er
His
pani
c lo
t all
rase
d.
I'S
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
().
...;1
(i2
Med
ian
f ann
h tn
ioni
eso
h(fO
N()
\1P
rofil
e(I
09(1
1
l'con
omiL
gro
wth
rite
r, 9
u",,
1 ar
);es
t ind
ustr
y..
Non
dur
able
goo
dsm
aini
tas
tinin
g2S
`sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
trs.
...D
urab
le g
oods
man
ulat
iliin
g 21
.4".
.
1 m
ins!
ry
iross
th10
80. I
990
1
Dur
able
goo
ds m
anill
as (
tirin
g
Slo
wes
t ....
......
.C
onst
rutti
on
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(19'
014
6011
.,
194
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NC
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
2541
2%25
%50
%75
%1a
'%
( 01
1111
(
I %.,r
tIC
ho(1
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
198(
s19
91
1ani
ilyI t
onin
nit,,
(hi
lt.lre
n in
pos
ert.
S i"
,I
I. t
210"
.
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt li
ouse
hol,l
s11
2"
0;
i"ii
t" t"
,,
lhild
ren
depe
nden
t on
All
/.i
ii",
t -"
Firt
hria
1111
St a
ric
e%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
ten'
,I 2
21-
1;i,
Chi
ldre
n ss
eigh
ing
less
than
S.S
Ih. a
t birt
h.4
. U.,
2S'
'i/i'i
,')"1
1i)
"11
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hrs
tinde
r ag
eIS
11.-
'1.
s",
1 la
;"..
s
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
12.
I",
less
er th
an 1
2 se
ars
of e
shis
tton
Sig
ns o
f Fro
nMe
Sine
'hild
ren
abus
ed a
nd n
egle
cted
I;
II
;; 1
s",
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng n
il of
%Li
mo'
(19"
,2
5"..
21 1
1".
;.c
Clu
ltIre
n't (
times
aga
inst
peo
ple
(,11
1,,
II
S/1
)8
:hild
ren
dyin
g si
olen
tiv1
r;1
11)
1.1.
1.iR
rrm
ON
Mee
ker
1)E
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
hual
pop
ulat
ion
21.0
14
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
186,
I 37
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an6
Am
eric
an In
dian
8
Asi
an A
mer
ican
63
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
6,00
3
Oth
er57
Iis
raok
(of
all
race
s)10
1
(f)
ldro
l und
er a
ge 6
.....
...
Med
ian
fam
ily29
,2 I0
:( )
tik )
N11
('S
Pro
file
(199
0)
Fto
niim
u gr
owth
rat
e ...
larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g:
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
..1)u
rahl
e go
ods
12.3
9'0
Indu
stry
( ;r
owth
(19
91-1
99M
Vas
test
Far
min
g
Slo
wes
t ....
....
.....
....
..Con
stru
ctio
n
'nem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
993)
_(1.
40%
4 )
196
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NC
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seR
ater
(75%
)50
%75
%10
0%Fr
i ept
iebe
re in
du w
ed
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(/')
1989
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s/ 9
80 /
99//)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
irctin
ict.t
riccc
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
ocr
vedr
i / 9
86 5
' , ,
, . ?
/990
9))
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
ero
rr /9
9/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
197
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
14.6
%12
.3%
-15.
8%
6 5%
II .
0%69
.2%
6.9%
6.3%
-8.7
"6
1 3.
799.
,20
.0%
46.0
%
5.1%
2.62
6-4
9.0%
I .9(
!4)
2.2`
)65.
8"6
9.9(
4)12
.6%
27.3
%
2111
.47,
6%
1.3%
I .2%
-7.7
%
0.0%
6.1%
>10
0%
23
50.0
%
Sta
te
Cha
nge
21.6
%
37.3
%
15.7
%
36.8
%
6.0%
8.0%
12.4
46
31.8
%
25.0
%
13.8
2'n
25.2
% tr1q
94 R
epor
t
0" rm.
It" I!" "41
Mill
e L
acs
1)1'
.N1(
)C
,RA
1'11
1(:S
(I t
)90)
I oril
I 8.-
.ips
18.
S,4
4),
Ain
eri,a
11.
.21
Ain
erii.
in In
dl.n
l25
'I
Ani
eria
nI
I iiro
rean
nier
ik5.
126
t fill
er.
II
1111
II,.1
1114
..1
.. f.I
tc%
..
(11
1111
'4.'1
1 tin
der
age
4
\IA
116
inw
pilc
S' -
.1 -
()
IC.(
)N()
MIC
S11
1191
))
I.Lon
onm
gro
vdh
roc
Iirg
e%t i
ndio
try
Hr.
.!h
irabl
e go
ods
man
tilat
iirin
g,. 2
2 2"
1,
cold
Lug
st i
nthi
str
.se
p, it
ctI')
Indu
stry
Cao
wli
(198
1)-
PP
M)
Fas
test
)tim
ble
good
s m
aini
lat o
aing
'slo
wes
tF
arm
ing
rite
I'm 4
1i 9
0",
198
,
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NC
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
Itl (
15%
) 15
0%)
125%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Itcpt
wiv
e in
,114
.Ind
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pot
ent
11
5 "0
16.6
".
:hild
ren
in s
ingl
e pa
tent
hoo
scho
lds
II
i"0
vhild
ren
depe
nden
t on
AID
(1
II
,4".
.-0
9".
I C.-
"0
Birt
h C
ireim
ista
m C
S
(111
16 e
ll bO
in to
oni
narr
iet1
par
ents
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
Is th
an 6
.5 lb
s at
birt
h
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
S. I
"..
4.-1
",)
I i.2
"
29.6
..,
5.6"
,,').
8 ""
(vi.-
",)
4), S
'io
6.0"
o
8.0"
o
12..4
"nh.
1%,..
t- th
an 1
2 tr
am 0
1 cd
o,,,i
loo
Sig
n. O
f Rou
ble
:hild
ren
abus
ed a
nd n
egle
cted
81I 4
.6"0
.11
.5"0
(.hl
ldre
n d1
'01
ig
otit
of s
choo
l.4
.6"0
16 "
SS
(11
'025
.1)"
11
IN, b
oo/
01,k
1104
a.if
i.)
/
(laild
ren'
s cr
imes
aga
inst
peo
ple
opm
2.1"
01)
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ing
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199
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RA
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119
901
Tot
al p
opul
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,701
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
189,
281
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fric
an A
mer
ican
5
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mer
ican
Indi
an
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an A
mer
ican
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urop
ean
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eric
an..
....
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95
-O
ther
11
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)55
Chi
ldre
n un
cle;
age
62,
909
Med
ian
fam
ily in
,une
$26,
784
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ICS
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0)
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row
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ate
6.70
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t ind
ustr
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vice
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est i
ndus
try
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te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 14
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Indu
stry
Gio
wth
(19
8019
90)
Fac
tor
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ds m
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low
est
Ret
ail t
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ldre
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h C
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rent
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ldre
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irth
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o
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ldre
n bo
rn to
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hers
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er a
ge 1
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2"0
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
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wer
than
12
year
s of
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catio
n
Sig
ns o
f !ro
uble
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ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed25
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ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
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ear,
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rent
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h
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n ab
used
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S 1
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ng 4
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rican
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l rac
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1190
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Ir 1
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1986
1991
Fam
ily I
con
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Chi
ldre
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pov
etts
2 1.
8"11
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21 (
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ldre
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io
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
own%
Mil
Sla
te
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
ssei
ghin
g le
ss th
an S
.S Il
ss a
t bot
hs
So
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
cin
der
age
18
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
-.2"
03.
9"0
less
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
'sig
ns u
f Tro
uble
'
Chi
ldre
n ab
use(
' and
neg
lect
ed12
8
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
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11.1
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",
12 f"
,,
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1'1,
,
Chi
ldre
n's
clim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e0.
0"(i
I;
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
vioL
litly
205
I 094
Rtr
Of
r-
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olle
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l pop
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28, 1
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Chi
ltire
n tin
der
age
I g ..
......
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can
Arn
erita
n
Am
eric
an In
dian
....
......
....
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Asi
an A
mer
ican
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rner
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......
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1
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er ..
......
....
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pani
t (of
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s)
(111
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age
6.2
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milv
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file
I 199
01
ftono
mit.
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sstli
rat
e ...
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ent i
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:
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%
Chi
ldre
n w
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irth
3.9%
5.3%
35.9
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Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
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hers
und
er a
ge 1
8,7
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H 0
%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
4. I
9i,
5.1%
24.4
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2.4%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
V'
1111
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed51
2,0
388.
2%31
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
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50.0
%25
.0%
boot
'ear
l /98
6 ,4
'and
199
0 9/
1
( :h
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n's
crim
es a
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st p
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8'!i
3.71
14,
362.
5°6
II.8
01)
tom
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ii
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
2I
50.0
%-2
5. 2
0i)
Nob
les
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S 1
1990
1
loca
l pop
ulat
ion_
_ ...
......
.
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18._
.....
..
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Am
eric
an In
dian
59
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sian
Am
eric
an...
.. _9
9
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
.5,
984
Oth
er...
141
His
pani
c. (
of a
ll ra
ces)
.....
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6...
Med
i,in
timilv
inco
me.
.52
8,42
-
20,4
9'
5,38
6
EC
( )N
ON
11(:
S
Pro
file
( 19
90)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5.10
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est i
ndus
try
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urab
le g
ood.
.17
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s.nr
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rges
t ind
ustr
y.
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ning
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stry
Gro
wth
(19
8019
910
Fas
test
....
Non
-dur
able
goo
ds
man
ufac
turin
g
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low
est
Ret
ail t
rade
f 'ne
mpl
oym
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ate
(199
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208
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1V L
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Chi
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erty
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
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nt h
ouse
hold
s
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
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( cs
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
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arrie
d pa
rent
s
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ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sir,
rri o
f l F
roub
le
t. m
inty
1111
1S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.1,
boo
/ ran
198
6 8'
and
I 99
O 9
!)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e
(:hi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
15.1
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1i 0
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9"0
21 (
)uo
8.8"
.III
II".
I i.(
)".
,,i°0
6 I"
.-1
6.40
.
5.9"
.
1.5°
0
1".
1
5.50
0.6
,8".
6.0"
.
I.0 "
.-4
4.4"
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0".
1I .
1".
68.2
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1 Li
".31
,8".
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r22
0.0"
.26
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I1"
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6.2"
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1994
Rep
ort
200
e- e-
Nor
man
MI N
I( )
(I
Now
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n.
8.05
9
( hi
lcIr
en u
nder
age
18.
.....
,, 2
1-9
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an ..
....
.....
4
Arn
erit,
u, In
dian
.....
....
....
40
Asi
an A
mer
ican
.....
.....
.....
....
.....
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eric
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......
.... 2
,110
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ther
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ll ra
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ily in
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520,
413
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l
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ail t
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urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
Fue
pr O
wn.
Indh
ated
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(1,1
,1 1
9;01
1
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s10
11,
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
MC
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
ati.
is S
ure
18.8
%
4.30
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s0.
0%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
4.0"
o
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82.
0")
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
5.0"
0fe
wer
than
12
Yea
rs o
f edu
catio
n
16.3
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3.3
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2 1
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Sig
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Chi
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est
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nd la
rges
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ustr
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1991
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gle
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n ho
rn to
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aren
ts
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ldre
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th
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ldre
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num
bers
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er a
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ldre
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ldre
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Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1813
,448
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fric
an A
mer
ican
11
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mer
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Indi
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eric
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urop
ean
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eric
an..
......
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,189
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er...
....
.....
.....
....
....
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His
pani
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....
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Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6..
......
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198
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61,
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0)
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218
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ldre
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8
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ldre
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used
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lect
ed
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oppi
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Bas
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ount
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nge
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nge
1986
1991
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219
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mer
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......
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104
Rep
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466
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age
189,
161
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ican
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eric
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mer
ican
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mer
ican
52
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urop
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751
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4
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pani
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6
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age
62,
885
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222
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I100
%I (
75e1
15C
;31
325%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
102%
mod
I.
t.oun
tyS
tate
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
13.1
%
8.90
0
16.3
%
15.3
00
24.4
90
71.9
1'0
21.6
%
3.3%
1 x
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
1/9
-9 /9
89!
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt ii
,;:is
ehol
ds
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C.
13,0
0619
.6%
50.8
%15
. uo
Birt
h
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s18
.0%
23.6
93,
31,1
°636
.8%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
2.7°
o4.
8%77
.8%
6.0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
3%2.
506
-24.
203,
8.00
o
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
13.3
%1
6%32
.30o
12.4
0)
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f1'
1'1)
111,
1c
Chi
ldre
n ab
,,sed
and
neg
lect
ed60
147
145.
0"b
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.8"
b
rs,4
0../y
hm /9
86 1
7' a
nd 1
990-
9(1
2.7%
50.0
%25
.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e5,
6".6
-33.
3%13
.8%
(198
'./99
1)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
2-3
3.3%
-25.
2%
1.22
31
004
Rep
ort
...
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)Ic
ital p
opul
atio
n..
......
......
......
.. 10
,-49
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18...
......
......
.2,
9-1
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
Am
eric
an In
dian
11
Asi
an A
mer
ican
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
2,9S
0
othe
r
lispa
nic
(of a
ll...
..
.
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
......
.....
Nle
dian
fam
ily...
....
.
FC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
(0
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
4.80
%
larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 2
5.'"i
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
17
1%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
.....S
ersi
ces
Slo
wes
t.
Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
actu
ring
l 'ne
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
I).4
20%
I 06
224
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
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r
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:%5C
%75
% In
°tin
tsS
tate
acep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
1.11
1111
VI (
1111
0MR
S
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
/iNw
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s,/i
40
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
',Igo
,. of
Irou
bloi
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
wan
198
6nd
199
0.91
1
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(m
it- /9
91)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
20.3
%
5.8"
ii
I1.3
°6
6.0"
o
2.0°
o
3"0
I4
1 5%
10.0
0o
225
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
17.5
"o-
13.8
°o
21.6
%
11.1
"0
.4 0
03;
,30o
5.9"
0-2
5.3"
01
5."'1
11
I 6.2
"o43
.4"o
30.8
0O
5.4"
o-1
0.0"
o6.
090
1.6%
-25.
0°0
8.0%
02"o
26.(
1 "0
2.4°
6
2S-8
.6°o
31.8
%
0.7"
6-5
3.34
025
.0"i)
3.13
.8°0
0-2
5.2"
o
1994
Rep
ort
m
I\1
0(I I
(lo
gi»
I (na
l pop
ulat
ion
(hi
ldre
n un
der
agc
Is.
Alri
can
Am
eric
an
Atti
eriL
art
Asi
.m A
mer
ican
__
huro
i,van
()til
er..
Ilisp
antt.
tot a
ll ra
ces)
..
hilk
lien
Lim
ier
.ig'
\ 1L,
han
hind
\ inc
ome
..
1(
C\c
;\11(
Pro
file
t lou
t»
1 co
rioftl
ILIft
'
to8.
2`2
111)
.t/tY
"
Ctr
o
larg
est i
miti
strN
`ors
Rev
22
,,tid
Imps
( on
totr
NN
on d
urab
le
good
s m
anul
at ti
trin
g0"
,,
Indt
mrs
ains
th (
1980
199
01
I ast
est
'set
s!, e
s
Slo
sses
tR
etai
l tra
de
l 'ne
mpl
in m
em r
ate
(190
1)3
-0"1
.
226
PE
R(T
NT
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GE
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ER
TIM
EW
orse
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ter
254:
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754:
MI I
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Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
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rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
l,,rp
i It l
yre'
indn
ared
1986
1991
1.11
1)11
Vs
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
I0,0
""
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pate
nt h
ouse
hold
s1'
.2
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n .,1
1:11
C.
14.0
"u
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s2
1.4"
.
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
6.0"
u
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
3"u
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
10.,1
"ofe
wer
than
12
gars
of e
duea
tion
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed(4
,9
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
4.9"
0/0
8(.8
/ow
l "0
(luld
rens
crim
es a
gaio
si p
eopl
e(,
0",
(PM
' /9.
q)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
25
I -.2
".-2
.0",
.
22.5
"o30
.8".
3" 3
"0
1 5.
3"it
30.-
"o5.
-"0
28.4
".32
.-00
36.8
".
6.2"
63.
3"o
6.0"
o
3,9"
618
.200
8.0"
0
1.""
012
.4'',
I.) 3
38.i.3"()
ro
".6"
,
1;
30.6
",
2")
S i,
Nit,
25,0
"0
Ii
25 2
"tt
227
I
pa
DIA
10(iR
AP
IIIC
S (
1990
)
rota
! pop
ulat
ion
,,,,
......
. .,,5
92
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
IS1.
354
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
Am
eric
an In
dian
Asi
an A
mer
ican
.....
......
......
.
Fur
opea
n A
mer
ican
.....
....
. I.5
1 2
-O
ther
,
IiIsp
anic
(of
all
rase
s)
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6.
.30
6
\ led
im fa
milc
incn
rnc
S2
C. I
-4
I
[C()
NO
NI1
CS
Pro
file
101(
1)
Fso
tiont
i, gr
oss
th r
ate
.
larg
est i
ndus
try
.....
......
.fa
rmin
g: .4
1.2"
0
c'si
,11,
1 la
rges
t ind
ustr
l:S
tate
and
loca
l
go%
t,:
I .5,
8"0
Indu
stry
tiro
s%th
(1'
)80
199n
aste
stfa
rmin
gsl
osse
st...
Ret
ail t
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(1')'
)4)
I1
8(1"
0
10g
228
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NC
E O
VE
R T
IME
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Wor
seB
ette
rY
ear
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
i75%
1,ti
't'25
k5%
lir%
tt w
hew
ilul
hare
d19
8619
91
Fam
ily F
snno
mic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
2 1
Auo
15.8
"o
26.2
"o21
.6"o
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(,
S"0
8 .1
"02'
).2
"0i".
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
MC
,4,3
"0
lB
irth
Circ
umst
ance
s
(.7h
ildre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ills
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er h
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
t. ow
ns
1111
1S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
iy/ v
n,n
1986
8/1
11!1
91
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e/w
in
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
9
23.3
",
1.3"
oI 3
.3"
0-.
0"0
36.8
"0
4.8"
o6.
-"0
39.6
"o6,
0"0
3,2°
02.
2",
-31
.3"
o8.
0"
II .
1"o
8.9"
o-
I 9.8
"o12
.4"o
31.8
"0
0.2"
,0.
0",
550.
0'),
M"
0.0"
0.0"
,100
(',I 1
.8"6
2-1
00.0
"25
.2",
kepo
rttr
1 1
14A
10(A
AIII
I(ti
1990
)F
ool p
opul
atio
n17
,299
(:hi
ldre
n un
der
age
18.
4,85
6
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an ..
.4
Am
eric
an In
dian
I i3
Asi
an A
mer
ican
doro
pean
Am
eric
an__
_4,0
7(
)the
n ...
..4
I lis
pani
c lo
r al
l rac
es).
_
(luld
ren
unde
r ag
e 6
..1,5
82
Ma
lian
fam
ily in
com
e....
.....
....
82
I C(
)NO
N11
( 1/
4;
Pro
file
(1')9
01
I (.0
noni
tc g
row
th r
ate.
Larg
est i
ndus
try
.
3.40
"h
Larm
ing,
'sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
.cw
rvite
s. I4
%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80,1
900)
Fas
test
...
......
.. ...
......
......
......
..Ser
vice
s
tilow
eu\X
'11(
)Icu
ir tr
ade
'11)
111
1111
11 m
um r
ate
( 19
9 i)
4 ill
%
230
PE
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T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
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seB
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r
1100
%)
(75%
1I5
0SI
i25%
)0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
ept !
dirt
y tr
alita
teri
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
r9-9
/ 98
9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sdo
wn
rg9o
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h (f
ir,. 1
1st
ancc
s
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
'sig
ns ',
ofI t
tibic
I min
tyS
ure
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(5(h
oo1
year
,/ 9
1,16
14'
and
/990
91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(P
m-
1991
)
(liild
r,dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
1:;.
"o14
.6%
-19,
3%21
.6"6
6.3%
10.7
%69
.8%
37.3
%
5.4"
o3.
8"n
29.6
"
7,7%
15.9
%10
6.5%
36.8
"6
4.2%
2.2%
-47.
6%6.
0%
0.4%
0.9%
1 25
.0%
8.0%
5.09
69.
7%94
.0%
12.4
%
2336
,1%
31.8
%
1.5%
1.0%
-33.
3%25
.0%
5.2%
0.0%
-100
.0%
13.8
%
0.1
00.0
%25
,2%
231
l'Pl4
I 09
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S(1
99))
I ota
l pop
ulat
ion
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18.4
,943
.Atik
an A
mer
ican
... 0
Am
eric
an In
dian
25
Asi
an A
mer
ican
....
-E
urop
ean
Arn
eriL
an
Oth
er...
.. .
......
.
flisn
anic
(of
all
race
s)15
5
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6....
.. ...
...
.....
1,59
3
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
eS
28,1
09
IsC
1)ti(
)MIC
S
Pro
file
1199
01
gro\
stii
rate
4
I.arg
est i
ndus
try.
..,...
.I a
rmin
g: 3
2.9"
0
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try_
_ _S
ervi
ces.
1io
-,
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
11
980
1990
)
Fas
test
...
Ser
.
-',l
owes
tP
etai
l tra
de
l.'ne
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3).
.4 5
09),
232
1 10
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NC
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
175)
25%
50%
15%
In
......
Fam
ily F
cono
ntic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(/9-
9../y
89)
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
blep
t whe
re m
ei:c
ared
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s19
80 1
990)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
irc. t
i nis
ta [R
es
14.6
°i,
1-.5
"i,19
.9 "
b21
.6")
,
5.3%
10.4
%96
.2"l)
37.3
"6
3.6%
63.9
9'0
15.7
%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s9.
604)
i.31
.540
30.8
1.6
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
4.0%
1.4%
-65.
0%6.
0')u
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
2%2.
4%-2
5.0%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
60"1
,8.
1"),
35.0
"»
Sig
ns o
f Fro
nhIc
ount
yS
late
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(54,
w/w
art 1
986
8" a
nd /9
00
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e19
91)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
233
28-2
00 ,
0.9"
6-1
0.0%
4.1"
),)1
009,
,
20,
0"6
1094
Rep
ort
31.8
"O
25.0
%
13.8
1ru
25.2
%
Ric
e
;RA
N il
cs (
1990
1
['ora
l pop
ulat
ion.
......
......
....9
,505
Chi
ldre
n un
u.r
ige
1812
,900
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an ..
......
......
.....
3-4
Am
eric
an In
dian
()3
Asi
an A
mer
iem
... 1
.41
Fur
opea
n A
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ican
12.1
,20
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er42
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pani
c 04
.111
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Chi
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6...
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ICS
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ic g
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te a
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ing
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ail t
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e
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r
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rent
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nty
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te
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eC
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e
1991
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ldre
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erty
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o-.
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ldre
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nt h
ouse
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rent
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eigh
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than
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at b
irth
S1.
500
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6.0"
r)
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ldre
n bo
rn to
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hers
und
er a
ge 1
8I
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8.11
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ldre
n ho
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1114
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Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed11
421
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n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
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%
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100
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Chi
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l pop
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ican
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lect
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es a
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st p
eopl
e11
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ldre
n dy
ing
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ently
Bas
e
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r
1986
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Cur
rent
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nty
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der
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18...
.....
......
4,65
8-
Afr
ican
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an ..
..2
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an68
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an10
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.. ...
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ian
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ail t
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VE
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te
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25%
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ICO
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vart
whe
re o
whc
ated
1986
1991
lam
ilv
Eco
nom
ics
Chi
ldre
n in
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i"11
.8"o
-31.
8°6
2 I .
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19.9
. /9.
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ldre
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nt h
ouse
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ldre
n de
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0
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tit.tn
crc
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ldre
n ho
rn to
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rent
s8.
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1 5.
20 o
87'.6
"ti
36.8
00
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ldre
n w
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ing
less
than
5.5
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at b
irth
1.7"
O4.
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182.
400
6.0"
o
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82.
1°0
2.2°
04.
8"o
8.0"
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
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hers
with
9.40
(i9.
100
-3.2
°0
114'
!6fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
Sig
ns o
f. lio
uble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
edh
.8"0
3 1
.8"0
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
0.8%
14.3
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.00i
i
Lon
(ye
ar, P
M6
t- a
nd !W
Y)
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Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e6.
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1 .6
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.8(v
o
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
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ently
250
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25.2
%
1111
1(
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ty11
11S
tate
239
19'1
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epor
t
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AP
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S 1
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n19
9,14
5
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1848
,419
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
364
Am
eric
an In
dian
1,46
4
Asi
an A
mer
ican
432
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an.
.....4
6,06
I-
Oth
er ..
.....
......
......
......
....
.98
I lis
pani
t. (o
f all
rate
s)39
5
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6..
-14,
875
Mcd
ian
fam
ily in
com
eS
43,8
90
CO
NO
MIC
Pro
file
(I 9
90)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
......
......
.....3
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larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 2
5.0%
-S
econ
d la
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t ind
ustr
y. _
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.: 18
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240
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d19
8619
91
1.11
1111
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s
Chi
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8.8%
(/9.
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Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s13
.2%
(198
0. 1
990)
Chi
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n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C16
.5%
Birt
h (
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stan
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Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
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d pa
rent
s21
.2%
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ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.5%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
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Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
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ars
of e
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tion
Sig
ns o
f l r
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e
11.1
(ut
ility
1.1
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
12.4
%
284
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.7%
(.G
lad
/pea
rs 1
986
87 a
nd 1
9909
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Chi
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)
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n dy
ing
viol
ently
I2
15.7
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21.6
%
19.6
%48
.5%
37.3
%
16.8
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27.9
ab31
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636
.8%
5. 1
%-7
.3%
6.0%
3.1%
-11.
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10.5
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5.3%
12.4
%
510
79.6
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4.1%
51.9
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.0%
5 1%
0.0%
13.8
%
II
-8.3
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5.2%
241
1')9
4 R
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24
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ican
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eric
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128
Asi
an A
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ican
' i2
Fur
opea
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mer
ican
17,5
30
Oth
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lispa
nis
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ll ra
ces)
. ....
......
.. ...
.....
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der
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ri6.
413
Nle
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61
EC
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ICS
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file
(199
0)
1:L1
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gro
wth
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......
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larg
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Dur
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pow
Chi
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rnst
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s
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n w
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8
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ldre
n ho
rn to
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hers
with
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ars
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ns o
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ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
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ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(s, b
oot y
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1718
6 8-
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1990
Chi
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ently
4
Bas
e
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r
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te
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1986
1991
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4.30
o-1
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06
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13.1
0032
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8.6°
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243
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8
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ian
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rent
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rs w
ithfe
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n
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
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ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
t, Ln
rl ,e
,1, /
9,46
8. a
nd W
OO
91'
(lhild
ren'
s cr
imes
aga
inst
peo
ple
, pig
moo
r
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
45
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
Si)'
.0-.
two
-1 2
s"t,
21 .(
0'
""o
I OA
".3
1 (1
"o3-
;",,
S)
"0S
.2".
OM
",15
.
1: 8
"o1
4",,
3(1.
8"o
5.3"
o94
).3"
o(.
0" o
10.8
°0.4
",S
1.5'
,I 2
.1"
58.2
0;0
,,8"
0
2.,4
"o10
',2'
)0
2.1"
o1
9"o
5"o
18"
,
5W
I I 1
"02
2"0
1.1.
,. It,
r"r
i
Sibl
ey
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n14
.475
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
184,
094
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
0
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an2
-A
sian
Am
eric
an
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an4,
052
-O
ther
14
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)59
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
320
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e ...
......
..$31
,150
E.C
( )
S:O
NIIC
S
Pro
file
(199
0)
-E
cono
mic
- gr
osst
h5
100i
,
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yF
arm
ing:
32.
4%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s: 1
C.6
"1)
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Eas
iest
Far
min
g
-S
low
est .
.....
......
Ret
ail T
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)5.
00%
r,
.,4..
246
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(75k
liE,N
125
k)0%
25%
50%
75%
IC(%
IN
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
la 1
101V
li. 0
1101
101S
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(19-
9 19
89)
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
14.2
% 6
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s4.
70%
(198
0./ 9
90)
4.6
°oC
hild
ren
depe
nden
t on
AF
DC
Birt
h (-
ire tu
rr,ta
nt C
S
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s7.
7%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.2%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
0°6
4.6%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f-T
roub
le
Mum
°um
,.II
IIS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(sch
oei)r
dn 1
986
8' a
nd 1
990.
91)
8 1.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e9.
1%(1
987.
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
247
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
12.8
%-9
.9%
21.6
%
9.2%
95.7
%37
.3%
.1.9
%-1
5.2%
15.7
%
10.6
%37
.7%
36.8
%
4.5%
-13.
5%6,
0%
I .5%
50.0
()i)
8.0%
7.5%
63.0
%12
,4%
3736
2.5"
031
.8%
2.3%
130.
0%25
.0%
6.4%
-29.
7%13
.8%
1)10
0.0'
!%-2
5.2%
1I
Stea
rns
DE
MO
( ;R
:11'
1 II
CS
(199
0)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n11
9,26
8
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1833
430
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
205
-A
mer
ican
Ind
ian
178
-A
sian
Am
eric
an17
6
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an32
,806
Oth
er65
-H
ispa
nic
(of
all r
aces
)20
3
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
610
,985
Med
ian
fain
tly in
com
e$3
2,94
9
I L
ON
ON
1I(
:s
Prof
ile (
1990
)
Eco
nom
ic g
rioN
th r
ate
..8
-I
arge
nt in
dust
rySe
rvic
es:
23. I
wo
5a m
idla
rges
t ind
ustr
y..
,.....
.Ret
ail t
rade
:15
.1%
Indu
stry
Cir
ewth
(19
80 1
990)
[wes
t ....
......
......
......
. ....
Ser
s ic
es
Slow
est
I ra
nspo
rtat
ion/
puhl
ic u
tiliti
es
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3) ..
......
......
..4.2
0'41
248
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(75%
)25
k,e%
25%
50%
75%
IC(%
4
(.01
1111
5'SW
!
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
e
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
eE
xcep
t uili
eie
indi
cate
d
I.nE
cono
mic
.%
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
11.5
9.9%
-13.
9%21
.6%
//9-9
198
91
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sow
./ 99
0)7.
5%12
,7%
69.3
%37
.3%
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FDC
5.7%
5.2%
-8.8
%15
.7%
Bir
th C
ircu
mst
ance
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arri
ed p
aren
ts12
.5%
I 8.4
%47
.2"o
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
4.%
5.9%
4 3.
9%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n lx
)rn
to m
othe
rs u
nder
age
18
1.5%
1.7%
13.3
%8.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
5.9%
5.9%
0.0%
12.4
%
(ig(
), (
)fh(
1tii)
it;
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed11
710
6-9
.4%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sc
hool
0.5%
1.2%
140.
0%25
.0%
986
/4 7
and
/990
9/)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
ee/
987/
99/)
5.3%
4.4%
-17.
0%13
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
67
16.7
%-2
5.2%
249
1994
Rep
ort
Stee
le
DV
MO
( ;R
AN
I IC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n31
,355
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
188,
769
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an50
Am
eric
an In
dian
-A
sian
Am
eric
an13
0
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
8,42
7
Oth
er14
1
I lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)25
1
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
62,
972
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
6,15
8
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
- E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e6.
10%
-I a
rgen
t ind
ustr
yD
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g: 3
3.('
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s:
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
Ser
vice
s
-S
low
est
Far
min
g
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)3
80%
2pv
t4 R
epo
rt
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
(1 A
) (7
54)
(50%
1 R
SV
0%25
%50
%75
%10
0%
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
ySt
ate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d19
8619
91
IIu
mum
icti
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(1'1
'9.1
'189
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
980-
(990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Iiirt
h C
irctim
st.m
«.,
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
ofI r
oubl
e'
I. co
unty
INS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(s,./
tool
ran
198
6 8'
and
199
0-9/
I
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e//9
/17.
/99/
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
7.7%
8.4%
4.0%
12.6
%
3.6%
1.4%
7.2%
125 1.
3%
3.3%
7.7%
0.0%
21.6
%
10.3
%22
.6%
37.3
%
4.7%
17.5
%15
.7%
12.7
%0.
8%36
.8%
4.6%
27.8
%(i.
0%
1.2%
-14.
3%8.
0%
8.0%
11.1
%12
.4%
100
-20.
0%31
.8%
1.9%
46.2
%25
.0%
5.5%
66.7
%13
.8%
2-3
3.3%
-25.
2% 1 1'
)25
1
PI N
IOC
,R J
IM'S
100
0)1
otal
pop
ulat
ion,
-14
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1...
......
....
.2,C
I('
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an...
...
......
.....
3
-.A
mer
ican
Ind
ian
...
,-N
ian
Nm
eric
an...
..
-E
urop
ean
Am
ens
..
2.iO
3
Oth
er .
....
18
Ilis
pani
c (o
f al
l ras
es)
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6, ..
Nle
dian
fam
ily in
com
e.$2
0.34
5
I C
ON
ON
IIC
Prof
ile (
1 0
901
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e4
Sir,
.
Lar
gest
indu
stry
``ta
re a
nd lo
cal g
ovt.:
2.I.
20o
5e, a
nd la
rges
t ind
ustr
y..,.
. Far
min
g' 2
1. 1
"0
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
110
80-1
c1'1
0)
Eas
iest
..Sn
ices
Slow
est..
.....,
..ha
rmin
g
lnem
ploy
men
t rat
e I
lt",
2.1
01)0
252,
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Wor
seB
ette
rY
ear
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
Es,
err
rr b
oyih
ated
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
sto
,o,
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent O
n A
FDC
Bir
th C
ircu
ivst
ance
s
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arri
ed p
aren
ts
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
6.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
'.SO
"11
.Y0
;00
-.1
0,,
I 6,
0",,
11
1 .3
",,
i."°0
- 1
4.0"
,)
14"
,,2.
8",,
1 00
.0",
,
(1.1
1°,,
, 10(
1 "
1 2.
4",
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
edi
566
.-00
318°
0
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
fsch
ool
0.6°
60.
100
.8 i.
i°0
25 I
1"o
1,+
o1 y
ear,
1 98
6an
d 10
0001
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e2.
9"o
-82.
6"o
13.8
".(P
M 1
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
,26.
2"0
t. m
inis
Stat
e
Swif
t
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n10
,784
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
182,
797
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an2
Asi
an A
mer
ican
19
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an2,
769
Oth
er7
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)39
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
684
3
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e82
4.43
4
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
5.10
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 3
6.3%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
...S
tate
and
loca
lgo
vt14
.8%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
-F
aste
stF
arm
ing
Slo
wes
tD
urab
le g
oods
man
ufac
turin
g
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)3.
90%
254
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
on)
75v
'25%
)C
%25
%50
%75
%Ic
e%
111
Cou
nty
1111
Sta
te
&ce
p:
Bas
e
Yea
r
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
I.1
111
II
V0
11 (
Ill I
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
18.5
%15
.5 °
-b
-16.
2%21
.6%
(19-
9 19
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s5.
8%9.
9%70
.7%
37.3
%(1
980.
1990
)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C7.
2%7.
9%9.
7%15
.7%
15.4
%15
.4%
0.0%
36.8
%C
hild
ren
born
to u
nmar
ried
pare
nts
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.1%
2.8%
-45.
1%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
84.
4%0.
7%-8
4.1%
8.0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
8.1%
9.8%
21.0
%12
.4%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
r.,1
1{
1h
1111
!Nit:
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed19
2847
.4%
.31
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.2%
1.2%
0.0%
25.0
%N
ivel
yin
198
647
end
1990
.911
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e5.
1%0.
0%-1
00.0
%13
.8%
(198
7.19
91)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
2>
100%
-25.
2%
255
1°94
Rep
ort
'II
DE
MO
t;RA
PIII
CS
119
90)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n23
423
,
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
187,
153
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an3
Am
eric
an In
dian
20
Asi
an A
mer
ican
30
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
7,09
6
Oth
er4
I lis
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)...
....
......
......
....
19
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
62,
079
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
eS
23,4
62
EC
ON
ON
1ILS
Pro
file
(199
0)
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e6.
20%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 2
2.2%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Non
-dur
able
good
s m
anuf
actu
ring!
18.
5%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
..N
ondu
rahl
e go
ods
man
ufac
turin
g
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l tra
de
riem
ploy
tnen
t rat
e I 1
993
/5.
00%
,
256
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
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VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
100%
) i7
5%)
;RV
'aik
l0%
25%
KA
75%
100%
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d
F.11
1111
VC
110
Mks
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(!9.
9 19
80)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s09
80./9
90)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
imp
.111
Cou
nty
1111
Sta
te
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
(srh
oo/y
een
/ 986
47 a
nd 1
990-
91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
987.
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
257
Bas
e
Yea
r
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
23.4
%20
.5%
-12.
4%21
.6%
6.9%
10.7
"655
.1"i)
37.3
%
8.4%
8.0%
-4.8
%1
5,7%
12.6
%21
.9%
73.8
%36
.8%
4.5%
6.2%
37.8
%6.
0%
3.4%
4.0%
17.6
%8.
0%
10.2
%10
.29.
60.
0%12
.4%
3943
10.3
%31
.8%
1.3%
1.6%
23.1
%25
.0%
2.3%
4.1%
78.3
%13
.8%
I0
-100
.0%
-25.
2%
1994
Rep
ort
IICS
11'
790)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n4,
475
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
179
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
Alli
er r
an In
dian
44
Asi
an A
mer
ican
15
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
1,12
0
-O
ther
Ilisp
anic
(of
all
race
s)6
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
616
6
NIc
di.ln
fam
ily im
ome
......
... ..
$24,
830
[CO
NO
MIC
SP
rofil
e (1
0901
kono
mi g
row
th r
ate
6.00
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 4
8.0%
Sto
md
larg
est i
ndus
try
.Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 12
.1');
)
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(10
8019
90)
laci
est .
[arm
ing
-S
low
est
......
....
....
_Ret
ail t
rade
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)4.
90%
258
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
rskl
,s'y
k(2
5%1
CI%
25%
50%
75%
IDA
U U
Fxce
pt w
here
Int/w
ard
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(14)
-.9
/989
)
Chi
ldre
t. in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s/9
80 /9
90)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
ircum
r,ta
rices
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Its
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
- C
ircui
tyII
IS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
, It o
f sch
ool
(.5.
boo
/ "ra
n 19
86an
d 19
90 9
/ )
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e(1
9874
99/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
1986
1991
21.4
°6
20.2
%-5
,6%
21.(
1%
3.7%
8.9%
56.1
%37
.3%
4.7"
i)7.
6%61
.79.
61
5.70
,6
11.4
")
13.2
%16
.8%
36.8
%
5.I °
65.
7%11
.8%
6.0%
I.3 °
60.
0%-I
00.
0%8.
0%
5.1%
3.8%
-25.
5%12
.4%
1210
I 6.7
" )
31.8
%
25.0
%
1 6.
7"6
0.0%
-100
.0%
13.8
%
00
25.2
%
259:
19'1
4 P
rpro
l
Wab
ashd
"
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al.
......
......
.....
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
IS5,
692
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an ..
......
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an
Asi
an A
mer
ican
. ....
....
......
....
....2
0
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
.. ...
......
......
..5,
668
-O
ther
.....
....
..
His
pani
c (o
f all
rase
s) ..
......
......
.. ...
.32
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61.
902
'Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e....
..,.,.
...$
32,0
23
FC
C)t
it)%
1IC
S
Pro
file
1.19
9(11
FL
onom
c g
ruvo
li r,
10.
I arg
ent i
ndus
try.
.
On"
,
SC
rIle
s' Il
l Po
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
_Far
min
g. 1
4.9"
i,
Indu
stry
( ;r
owth
(1
9 8
0 19
901
Eas
iest
.....
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion/
publ
ic u
tiliti
es
-S
low
est
Dur
able
goo
ds :
unuf
aLtu
ring
l'nem
ploy
men
t rat
e (1
993)
......
... .
..3.8
0"o
260
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(1:e
4) (
75v
,R%
:25
4...
7%25
%50
%75
%Q
C%
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
f. s,
)pr
n h
ere
indh
.ate
d19
8619
91
mili
min
mon
smC
hild
ren
in p
over
ty/9
391
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s,/"
No
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FI)
C
WE
I
.....
I U
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
oun0
1111
1S
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
hoot
va.
1 I0
86 8
' and
1,1
00
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
eriq
c to
w)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
61
1I
o9.
3"o
-1-
o21
.6 "
0
0
5.2°
0
12.1
"o
.1.9
"0
61 5
"0
-5.8
"0
I 0."
o16
.9°0
5.9°
036
.8"0
^i.'6
2.80
o-4
0.4"
06.
0"0
2.00
02.
1"0
5.11
°0
8.00
0
10.4
°o
6.6"
o36
,5 °
0I2
.4 "
6
2836
28.6
"03
I .8"
0
1.0°
60.
0°0
-40.
0°0
25.0
"
4.1%
0.00
O-
I 00.
0"o
I 3.8
N)
0I 0
0.0n
ir-2
5.2°
6
0144
Rep
ot,
Wad
ena
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n13
,171
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
183,
733
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
Am
eric
an In
dian
34
Asi
an A
mer
ican
14
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
3,68
5
-O
ther
0
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s) ..
......
......
.....
4
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
188
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e .
.122
,872
I CO
NO
MIC
S
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
are
S 6
0M
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal g
ovt.:
18.5
%
-S
econ
d la
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
17.
6^i)
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
8019
90)
Eas
test
....
.....
.....
......
......
......
.....F
arm
ing
Slo
wes
t...
Con
stru
e tio
n
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)5.
90%
tr26
2
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
on)
(75%
, (5o
y 12
5v1% a
mum
s'
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
25%
50%
75%
107%
Evc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d19
8619
91
1.11
1111
1' F
r.on
omi(S
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
19.3
"ir23
,0%
19.2
1'6
21.6
%(1
9-9
1989
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s7.
51)b
(198
0.19
90)
17.4
"b13
2.0%
3-.3
()i,
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C12
,006
11,7
26.2
.5%
115.
-16
birt
h C
inum
stan
rcti'
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sI4
,9°
24.6
°969
.196
36.8
26
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
5.34
63.
4%35
.8",
116.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
83.
1%2.
8%8.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
8 3°
612
.31)
648
.2%
12.4
11b
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
'Niro
,. of
I loo
l)lc
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed42
8911
1.9'
'31
.846
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.8"
00.
9"i)
-90.
))%
25.0
%
(s,k
nedr
an 1
9" A
" an
d 19
909/
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e0,
0"o
2.1"
.%>
1001
'611
.89'
n
(198
' 199
1
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
0,0%
.25.
2"9
stat
e
0'4
Rep
ort
1'
to
,.
1rr
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S 1
,990
1
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n. ..
......
.....,
.18,
226
(:hi
ldre
n un
der
age
185.
210
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an17
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an17
-A
sian
Am
eric
an15
SI 1
1E
urop
ean
Am
eris
an
Oth
er,
.18
I lis
pani
c (4
.111
ras
es)
61
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
61,
631
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e51
2,28
2
FC
()N
OM
ICS
Pro
file
(I'1
90)
I con
omic
gro
wth
rat
e...
...6
20u0
arge
nt in
dust
ry.
.,..
Non
- du
rabl
e go
ods
man
ufac
turin
g: 2
3.0%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Dur
able
goo
ds
man
ufac
turin
g: 1
7.90
1)
Indu
stry
;row
th 1
1980
1 99
01
Fas
test
...S
emite
s
Slo
wes
tR
etai
l trid
e
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
1)4.
101'
n
I'6
26j
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
MN
(II)
(53
, in)
325
b50
%75
% In
Evy
epr
Ow
e in
dica
ted
I an
t ifs
'I
cono
ti1llt
i
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
1/9-
9 19
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
980
/990
1
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Firt
h C
inun
t,I.r
ncce
1.
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
of Ir
oul)l
e
I.
ount
yS
tate
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
/vet
?ra
n 1
986
8' a
nd 1
990
911
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e11
98' /
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
265B
ase
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Stat
e
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1986 8.
3%
1991
Ii ,
3°.o
36.1
(.!0
8.1%
13.2
4063
.0%
6.2%
5.6%
-9.7
%
11.8
°o20
.8%
76.3
"o
2.86
04
61),
664
.340
2.0"
O1.
7"o
-15.
00O
9.1%
5.8
°0-3
6.39
0
4038
5.0%
0,9%
1 S
" O
66,7
%
5.39
/n4.
4%-1
7.0%
11
0.0%
t994
Rep
ort
21.6
"o
3',3
°o
15.7
%
36.8
"6
6.11
90
8.0%
12.4
%
31.8
"o
26.0
00
13.8
%
-25.
2%
Was
hing
t
(199
0)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n14
7,88
5
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1844
, 3 5
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an56
4
I
Am
eric
an In
dian
,i5A
sian
Am
eric
an83
5
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
42,4
38
Oth
er26
3
f lic
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
614
.880
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$4
8,09
8
IC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
lde
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
0.40
"6
I arg
est i
ndus
try
Dur
able
goo
ds
man
ufac
turin
g: 2
2.9%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try.
.....S
eryi
ces!
17.
8"6
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
Fas
test
....F
inan
ce/in
sura
nce/
real
est
ate
Slo
wes
t ....
. _T
rans
port
atio
n/pu
blic
util
ities
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3)..
I 094
Rep
ot,
266
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
' r
OW
754
,1r2
5%1
25%
50%
lb%
100%
I I I Nill
Cou
nty
Sla
te
Frie
l):
Bas
e
Yea
r
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
.111
111S
" ['C
M-1
010k
%
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
4.8"
o5.
5%14
,6%
21.6
4/o
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s9.
8%1
2.7"
O29
.6%
37.3
%.o
.qo
1,1.
N»
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C3.
8%4.
390
I 3.2
%15
.7%
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sI 1
.5%
15.2
%32
.2%
36.8
%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
5.8%
4.8%
-17.
2%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
8"11
2.0%
5.3%
8.09
6
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
S.8
%6.
0%3.
4%12
.4%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tioli
pl.,
of T
roub
le
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed17
821
923
.0%
31.8
%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
2.6%
(c, h
oni y
earn
108
6 8'
and
/q01
0/1
3.9%
50.0
%25
.0%
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e6.
8%9.
4%38
.2%
13.8
00
(/98
' (99
/)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
313
3.3
°0-2
5.24
0
267
Wat
onw
an
1)1
\1(1
(H
ow
!ora
l pop
ulat
ion.
....
I 2.2
.;(,
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
IS...
Alri
ean
Arie
riLan
-A
rner
i,an
4.2
(s
A,L
in A
nier
i,an
.
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
,. .
Luos
Oth
er21
"4
I ils
rani
L lo
tra
ss).
...
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
rlian
hin
d).
LID
SN
le..5
2-i;
I ((1
N(1
\11'
,'
11(1
164'
'100
01
1111
1011
11k:
F.,,
,fo%
111
11(1
'',,
I arg
OI I
lldlls
trhu
lling
. 2; c
o,
`sio
nd la
rges
t ind
ustr
).
Non
dur
able
go,d
s m
,utu
tasr
untr
t21
Indi
pitr
%Iw
o) 1
))90
i
I .1,
tesi
Non
dur
able
amon
g
110"
0
..10)
\
l'nem
plii)
uni
t rat
e (1
'041
1
268
PFPC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
mB
ette
rre
. ,ri,
/1,,i
t,,1
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
on..e
liold
s
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
es
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lk a
t birt
h
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge I
8
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
01 e
duca
tion
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
.h,
o/11
7,46
N-4
0 7'
).10
9!
Chi
ldrc
ri's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Bas
eC
urre
ntC
ount
yS
tate
Yea
rY
ear
Cha
nge
Cha
nge
1986
1991
111i
"il11
1i,
-11
2111
11
'4.-"
,,
I 5.5
"050
.41"
036
,8"o
4151
),)
(1.1
"0I 0
..4"0
6.0"
0
!.R"
I O. -
"0I
I
.ml
2')
8.(1
"1
12.
.20
4",,
.41
.8"0
)"ii
II .
6",,
2 21
".1
4.5"
,
2s.2
",.
269
1'04
Rep
ort
Wilk
in
DE
MO
GR
AP
HIC
S (
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1 8
7,60
3
2,1
1 2
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an0
-A
mer
ican
Indi
an15
Asi
an A
mer
ican
5
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
2,07
3
Oth
er9
Ilisp
anic
(of
all
race
s)36
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
665
8
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e ...
......
......
....S
28,7
26
1 (.
0!s;
()\1
1t:
Pro
file
(199
0)
FLo
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
3.70
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
Far
min
g: 3
5.3%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Ser
vice
s:
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
( 1
980-
199
0)
Fas
test
.Ser
VI«
'S
Slo
wes
t...
......
trad
e
!nem
piny
men
t rat
e (
19)
.... 2
.80%
270
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
:325
%:
111.
(.°
1111
1y
Bas
e
Yea
r
5C!
751:
InE
xcep
t whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
kuni
lE
sc o
noin
ic s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
12.2
N,
(/ 9
/9)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s6.
3%(1
980
19'X
1)
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C6.
4%
Firt
h C
ir(,ti
nist
an(c
s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s10
.406
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
2.1%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
!rs
unde
r ag
e 18
1 .0
%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
4.2%
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed39
Chi
'dre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.6%
(C, F
ool r
art 1
986
8" a
nd 1
9'8)
9/)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e5.
0%(1
98' 1
991)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
Sta
te
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
1991
1 2.
491.
6%21
.6%
9.2%
46.0
%37
,3%
1 1.
I %
73.4
%15
.70/
u
20.7
%99
.0%
36.8
%
(r.5
%20
9.5%
6.0%
4.3%
330.
0%8.
0%
12.0
%18
5.7%
12.4
%
35-
10.3
^ /n
31.8
%
1.2%
-25.
0%25
.0%
2.7%
-46.
0%1
3,8%
10.
0%-2
5.2%
271
Win
ona
DE
N1O
( ;R
AN
!IC
S (
1990
)
'tota
l pop
ulat
ion
48,1
84
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
IA11
,-64
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
....
......
....
.... .
......
.. .4
5
Am
eric
an In
dian
.
Asi
an A
mer
ican
.... .
......
..Ig
o
-E
urop
ean
Am
eri,a
n1
1,51
1
Oth
er..
II
-Ili
span
ic o
f all
race
s)...
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 6.
...3.
895
`Ied
,an
tinily
inco
me
Sit,
;5.i
1(O
NO
\11(
tiP
rofil
e (1
99(»
I con
omiL
gro
ssrh
r ic
e
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
y
6 -0
'4.r
sice
sI')
8"0
ecor
id la
rges
t ind
ustr
y..f
lura
hle
good
sm
anuf
actu
ring.
1-
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80.1
990)
-I i
cies
tfa
rmin
gR
etai
l tra
de
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
((9'
);(
i 800
0
I
272
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(1'.1
N (
75%
1 IR
%)
'25%
l;%
25%
5C%
75%
100%
h(ep
t whe
re In
dica
ted
Fam
ily l'
cono
mic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(19'
)1,
1841
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s19
80l0
00,
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
I-1)
('
liirt
Ii (
tuns
t,urc
c-s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
Ihs
at b
irth
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
8
Bas
e
Yea
/
198(
Cur
rent
Yea
r
1991
Cou
nty
Cha
nge
Sta
te
Cha
nge
(1.5
"011
1.5"
10i"
021
.11"
.
8.2"
,,12
7°.
54.9
"i,
6.6"
06.
-"0
1.6
"01
S.-
"I)
14.4
"o21
1.90
o45
.1.o
36.8
,0
5.5"
O6.
400
16.4
"o6.
1ro
2.60
03/
4".
30.8
"t,
Chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
10.0
",;
0.0"
.2I
",fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
Stilt
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
Ow
l yea
, 1W
11"
and
I'M
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e11
001'
17(
711
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
'
273
2-1,
0"o
25.0
"0
2.6'
a1
8"t,
311.
8"o
1.8"
11
(1I 0
0"25
.2 "
h
I911
/R
epw
l
Wri
ght
t1
`
DE
NIO
G R
AN
ICS
(19
90)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n68
,970
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
1822
,469
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
38
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an97
Asi
an A
mer
ican
168
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
22,1
64
Oth
er .
2
-H
ispa
nic
(of a
ll ra
ces)
134
Chi
ldre
n un
cle-
age
67,
546
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e$3
6,98
1
EC
ON
OM
ICS
Pro
llie
(199
0)
-E
cono
mic
gro
wth
rat
e9.
00%
-La
rges
t ind
ustr
yS
ervi
ces:
21.
0%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
.: 15
.1%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
Dur
able
goo
ds m
anuf
actu
ring
-S
low
est
Far
min
g
Une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
(199
3).
4.10
%
274
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(100
%)
175%
)(5
0%)
(25%
)0%
25%
5rA
75%
in
-41
. . ,
......
..., .
.
1111
cou
nty
Sta
te
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
Exc
ept
.1.1
1111
whe
re in
dica
ted
1986
1991
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
7.1(
Pn
7.7%
8.5%
21.6
%(1
9'9-
1989
)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s7.
6%12
.9%
69.7
%37
.3%
1198
0.19
901
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C5.
0%5.
0%0.
0%15
.7%
Firt
hi(
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s11
,7%
16.7
2642
.79i
)36
.8%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.0%
4.6%
-8.0
%6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
81.
9%2.
0%5.
3%8.
0%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
6.8%
7.4%
8.8%
12.4
%fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
IiI!,1
1, o
f 11(
1111
)1c
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
a.li
neg
lect
ed11
811
90.
8%31
.8%
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.9%
1.8%
-5.3
%25
.0%
(Sch
ool y
ew"
1986
-A7
and
1990
.91)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e6.
6%4.
2%-3
6.4%
13.8
%(1
987.
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
I1
4-6
3.6%
-25.
2%
275
Rep
.!,
ello
w M
edic
ine
,
'.:'
i
111.
1N1(
)G
RA
1)11
1((
1990
)
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n11
,748
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
183
150
-A
fric
an A
mer
ican
- A
mer
ican
Indi
an38
-A
sian
Am
eric
an19
-E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an3,
073
-O
ther
20
His
pani
c (o
f all
race
s)35
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
696
0
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
eS
27,0
79
1 C
ON
OM
ILS
Pro
file
(199
0)
Eco
nom
ic g
row
th r
ate
3 10
%
Larg
est i
ndus
try
carm
ing:
28.
4%
Sec
ond
larg
est i
ndus
try
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal
govt
: 17.
2%
Indu
stry
Gro
wth
(19
80-1
990)
Fas
test
Ser
vice
s
-S
low
est
Far
min
g
Une
mpl
rimen
t rat
e (1
993)
i 60%
I'
276
PE
RC
EN
T C
HA
NG
E O
VE
R T
IME
Wor
seB
ette
r
(75%
1 (f
t 25%
:!%25
%50
%15
%lO
A
4111
111
Bas
e
Yea
r
Cur
rent
Cou
nty
Sta
te
Yea
rC
hang
eC
hang
e
Exc
ept w
here
indi
cate
d19
86
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
20.0
°6(1
9'9.
/989
)
1991
16.6
%-2
2.0%
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s5.
9%7
30 6
23.'0
6(/
9804
990
Chi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
FD
C5.
6%6.
400
1 4.
3".6
Birt
h C
ir.(
1111
1.11
11. c
s
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s2,
9%1
1 .3
°28
9.7%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
2.2%
3.2o
45.5
°o
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
80.
7%3.
2^b
357.
1%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
with
8.0%
6.5%
-18.
8%fe
wer
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n
tlign
, of 1
141,
1c
1111
1 C
ount
yS
tate
21 7.3°
0
1 5.
7o
36.8
(lo
6.0o
8.00
0
12.4
%
Chi
ldre
n ab
used
and
neg
lect
ed19
211
0.5°
o31
.8"iI
Chi
ldre
n dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f sch
ool
1.0%
1.0%
0.0%
25.0
%(V
ve/r
een
1986
87.4
199
0 91
)
Chi
ldre
n's
crim
es a
gain
st p
eopl
e0.
0%9.
1%>
100%
13.8
%(1
987,
1991
)
Chi
ldre
n dy
ing
viol
ently
00
-25.
2%
27'
titill
'19
94 It
erm
i
.1
't j
,,1
rk,
it
rr*P
P'ki
dsm
inne
so19
94 R
epor
t
coun
t
r411
Lki
dilig
gi14
4141
1111
1611
41iL
l
1
I %4
Kin
son
Ros
eau
Lake
of th
eW
oods
Mar
shal
l
Koo
chlc
hing
Pen
ning
ton
Red
La
e
Pol
k
Itasc
a
Nor
man
St.
Loui
s
Hub
bard
.1,)
r":
11A
VA
ILA
BL
2 &
U
Wllk
inO
tter
Tal
l
Cro
wW
ing
Altk
lnC
arlto
n
Tra
vers
e
Gra
nt
Ste
vens
Dou
glas
Mor
rison
Mil
eLa
cs
Ste
arns
Mee
ker
Ben
ton
She
rbur
n
Wrig
ht
Chi
ldre
n of
Col
or
in M
inne
sota
(199
0)
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
who
are
chi
ldre
n of
col
or
Lac
qul P
arte
hipp
ewa
McL
eod
Yel
low
Med
icin
eR
envi
lle
Llnc
olr
Red
woo
d
Bro
wn
Sib
ley
Und
er S
"o
5.0"
0 -
9.9"
o
10"0
19.0
"o
20"o
and
o. e
r
Wab
asha
Pip
e.st
one
Mur
ray
Cot
tonw
ood
Blu
e E
arth
Was
*S
teel
eW
inon
a
Nob
les
Jack
son
Mar
tinF
erib
ault
Fre
ebor
nF
illm
ore
Hou
ston
illw
wm
aam
smes
ell
1,19
.1 It
, vol
t
p 282
TH
E C
RIS
IS F
OR
Kilo
CH
ILD
RE
N O
F C
OLO
R
Chi
ldre
n of
all
race
s ar
e in
trou
ble
in M
inne
sota
. But
, in
ever
y co
mm
unity
, chi
ldre
nof
col
or a
re fo
r
mor
e lik
ely
to h
e po
or a
nd s
utT
er th
eha
rdsh
ips
impo
sed
by in
adeq
uate
hou
sing
, uns
afe
neig
hbor
hood
s,
and
lack
of a
cces
s to
hea
lth c
are,
than
are
chi
ldre
n of
Eur
opea
n de
scen
t.M
oreo
ver,
bec
ause
of t
he
"whi
te-o
ut"
effe
ct o
f Min
neso
ta's
ove
rwhe
lmin
gly
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
pop
ulat
ion,
the
plig
ht o
fch
ildre
n of
col
or is
ofte
n m
aske
d an
d to
o ea
sily
igno
red.
With
out s
peci
fic s
treg
ies
to r
aise
the
over
all q
ualit
y of
life
for
fam
ilies
of c
olor
in M
inne
sota
, the
circ
umst
ance
s fo
r ch
ildre
n of
col
or w
ill o
nly
wor
sen.
Str
ateg
ic:;
rnus
t als
o be
des
igne
d to
ens
ure
that
prog
ram
s an
d se
rvic
es in
tend
ed fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n re
ach
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
in c
omm
uniti
es o
f col
or.
Com
batin
g ra
cism
in a
ll its
form
s is
als
o cr
ucia
l to
impr
ovin
g th
e liv
es o
f chi
ldre
n of
col
or.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
1990
Cen
sus,
8.5
% (
99,7
53)
of M
inne
sota
's c
hild
ren
are
child
ren
of c
olor
and
91.
5°0
(1,0
68,1
56)
are
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
. Whi
le th
e m
ajor
ity o
f chi
ldre
n of
col
or (
67.9
%)
live
in th
e tw
om
ajor
met
ropo
litan
cou
ntie
s, H
enne
pin
and
Ram
sey,
at l
east
som
e ch
ildre
n of
col
or li
ve in
eac
h of
the
othe
r 85
cou
ntie
s. W
ell o
ver
half
of A
mer
ican
Indi
an c
hild
ren,
chi
ldre
n de
sign
ated
as
bein
g of
an
"oth
er"
race
, and
chi
ldre
n of
His
pani
c de
scen
t liv
e ou
tsid
e H
enne
pin
and
Ram
sey
coun
ties.
By
taki
ng "
a cl
oser
look
" at
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n, w
e se
e th
e sp
ecia
l pro
blem
s fa
ced
by c
hild
ren
of c
olor
.
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T lo
oks
at th
ree
indi
cato
rspo
vert
y, lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t, an
d sc
hool
dro
pout
that
toge
ther
illu
stra
te th
e ec
onom
ic c
risis
und
erly
ing
the
lives
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
in M
inne
sota
.
"Whe
n In
dian
inco
mes
are
leve
l with
you
rs, w
hen
our
scho
ols
are
as g
ood
as y
ours
, our
hou
ses
are
war
m, o
ur k
ids
as s
afe
and
our
woo
ds a
nd s
trea
ms
as c
lean
as
your
s, w
hen
our
babi
es fi
rst o
pen
thei
r ey
es to
as
brig
ht a
futu
re a
s yo
urs,
then
we'
ll ta
lk a
bout
leve
l pla
ying
fiel
ds."
Mar
tyr
Ani
erpo
n,'.4
11rf
Exe
c lit
n r
tom
e.ac
r, F
an,!
cf. O
phs
;
Cou
ntie
s In
whi
ch p
over
tyra
tes
for
child
ren
of c
olor
are
high
er th
an th
e st
ate
aver
age
for
all c
hild
ren
(12.
4%,1
989)
His
pani
c
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
Tot
al C
hild
ren
of C
olor
'
Oth
er
Alia
ll A
mer
ican
Am
eric
an In
dian
Afr
iran
Am
rrir
All
284
Chi
ld p
over
ty is
the
best
ove
rall
indi
cato
r of
chi
ld w
ell-b
eing
. Mor
e th
an a
ny o
ther
fact
or,
fam
ily in
com
e m
akes
a c
ritic
al d
iffer
ence
in th
e ch
a,,e
s th
at a
child
will
be
heal
thy,
suc
ceed
in s
choo
l, an
d w
ait u
ntil
adul
thoo
d be
fore
sta
rtin
g a
fam
ily.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
1990
Cen
sus,
45.
1°O
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
in M
inne
sota
are
poo
r.T
he
diffe
renc
es in
pov
erty
rat
es b
etw
een
grou
ps o
f chi
ldre
n ar
e ex
trem
e ra
ngin
g fr
om a
low
of
9.7%
for
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n to
a h
igh
of 5
4 8%
for
Am
eric
an In
dian
chi
ldre
n.
Chi
ldre
n In
Pov
erty
, by
Rac
e,19
89
ot:
ri
^I 0 r
doO 6
a9t. "`
.1I x
I x5:
'8
e e
Oe
'IfC
s3C
.'"'
oF.
..
.
r
JP.1
er_
x'
1
r.1
'
Sroc
'Lc
r.
f
e'x
I,c
;
Xer
rci
f1
g.""
er,"
) k.
6"ef
104
$r'r
VN
r,10
rrl
I .1"
``4
7'r`
fIs
1,1
IMf"
I'1
r In
1,
r'01
. AT
k r
.
ele;
e;,
" 1
r-1
7g:
4-2
F-
"7.
C
!
x1
:
T. 1
-7
c30
doc
dodo r
1:1:
e.1
.1 1
1ct
91
,s-
7:',4
"r
rY
5: 5
5 :-
rr
C'
f.44
4gF'
444g
gig,
4
6.
6f
" I
" I
.40
V :
cC
cE
.tt'
c:
:
r
- r V
"`,
:47.
"
r
3 2,
cl-
?-I''
,"
?1,
z',-
E,-
1,_,
Lo n 4 ,,
,, 2 ., ,,
- ..z.;
..% ,. g ..- ,,
; -rg ,2
L'(.
1 'a
"2i
-,r
..-
.
1 1 -1...
c..
: i,
16
1,e
.2
.6..
:.
.....
.:...
--
.2'
5-2
;-1
".
E !
I 5,
.1,'1
:-
.....
.....
.= -
.4
'1, t
fine,
not I
nt lu
dr li
t(pa
nn(1
,11e
iten
bnan
a, tI
n-$
der
ount
ed n
akin
tie o
tl,r,
r,r
r1
rtre
nlr.
ofg,
alno
opea
n Iln
pani
c ,lu
ld w
ould
be
coun
ted
aitu
rope
ani
tr5m
imm
.=,.,
,,,,
kandiyohi 0.0% 85.8% 13.6% 60.6% 54.0% 13.7% '1.6% Kittson 0.0% 100.0% 71.4% 13.0% 65.2%
Koochiching 0.0% 43.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.1% 17.7% 23.0%
Lac Qui flask 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 14.2% 0.0%
Like 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.5% 0.0%
Like of the Woods 100.0% 0.0% 75.0% 10.8% 100.0%
Lc Sucur 44.4% 28.6% 4.0% 34.8% 18.0% 8.7% 17.1%
Lincoln - - 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 50.0% 18.2% 100.0%
Lyon 55.6% 33.3% 7_9% 74.5% 49.1% 10.2% 65.9%
Mahnomen 0.0% 59.2% 0.0% 58.7% 22.9% 35.7%
Marshall 75.0% S3.8% 0.0% 100.0% 59.5% 14.7% 100.0%
Martin 00% 11.8% 0.0% 93.1% 20._3% 14.6% 42.2%
McLeod 0.0% 24.4% 8 9% 89.5% . _
34.4% 6.9% 37.7%
Meeker 100.0% 75.0% 6.7% 3.5% 13.7% 12.3% 6.9%
Milk Lacs 54.2% 73.9% 0.0% 0.0% . _
65.7% 14.0% 18.9%
Morrison 33.3% 16.7% 0.0% 18.2% 4.8% 18.5% 45.5%
Mower 35.7% 0.0% 54.8% 0.0% 41.0% 12.7% 37.1%
NIurrav 0 0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.2% 0_0%
Nicoilet 0.0% 100.0% 14% 0 0% 14.0% 9.0% 42.4%
Nobles 0 0% 8 5% 2 2% 63.1°/o W7% 11.8% 50.9%
Norman 0.0% .:6.1% 0.0% 0_0% 18.2% 16.5% 50.0%
msted 24.7% 7.9% 45 8% 6.9% 40.4% 5.6% 18.4%
Otter Tail 0.0% 63.4% 8.3% 62.0% 36.7% 16.3% 5%
Pennington 100 -0% A ."- 0_0% 94.0% 66.9% 17.3% 89.1%
Pine 62.2% ,4.6% 0.0% 0.0% 36.1% 15.5% 11.1%
Pipestone 0.0% 79.6% 0.0% 62.7% 14.9% 56.0%
Polk 5.1% 63.6% 7% 79.5% 57.6% . _ .
14.5% 60.3%
i'ope 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 17.9% 0.0%
Ramsey 53.0% 42.9% 57.8% 33.5% 52.9% 8.3% 26.8%
Red Lake 100.0% 0.0% 86.1% 76.2% 14.3% 88.4%
Redwood 0 0% 54.9% 33.3% 100.0% 52.2% 13.6% 30.0%
Renville 333% 0.0% '9.5% 53.7% 16.6% 66:9%
Rice 0.0% 38.1% 10.6% 48.6% 20.8% 8.1% 51.8%
Rock 100.0% 8.3% 61.1% 0.0% 38.0% 15.s% 0.0%
Roseau 100.0% 26.9% 0.0% 100.0% 22.8% 11.8% 60.0%
Saint Louis 34.5% 50.5% 36.3% 23.1% 44.2% 14.7% 31.4%
Scott 21.9% 24.2% I1.8% 0.0% 16.1% 4.2% 23.5%
Sherburne 0.0% 51.2% 2.2% 0.0% 11.7% 7.3% 0.0%
Sibley 0.0% 28.6% 10.0% 13.0% 62.7%
Stearns 30.6% 646% Ai 5% 69.5% 43.7% 9.5% 13.8%
Steele 14.0% 33.3% 0.0% 60.3% 28.9% 7.0% 55.8%
Stevens 29.4% 68.8% 63.6% 0.0% 45.5% 13.7% 58.9%
Swift 100.0% 36.8% 0.0% 32.1% 15.5% -5.7%
Todd 0_0% _200% 20.0% 50.0% 21.1% 20.8% (.8.4%
Traverse 68.2% 0.0% 50.8% 18.8% 100.0%
Wabash.' 0.0% 0.0% 55.0% 29.2% 9.6% 21.9%
Wadena _ 61.8% 0.0% 43.8% 23.2%
Waseca 100.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 25.3% 11.4% 13.6%
Washington 30-9% 35.3% 9.8% 19.4% 20.5% 5.0% 15.3%
Watonwan 22.2% 100.0% 6.7% 61.5% 52.9% 13.0% 64.6%
Willun - - 12.0% 0.0% 100.0% 30.8% 12.4% 58.3%
Winona 571% 1I.1% 36.4% 12.6% 10.8% 11.8%
Wright 0.O fio 3.2% 5.4% 0.0% 4.0% 8.3% 9.8%
Yellow Medicine 55_6% 56.8% 0.0% 36.0% 15.3% 11.4%
O
5 '1111;15 CO
CD
ce
70
ct co
Cl
4.7
co
F
ct O
Cou
ntie
s in
whi
ch lo
wbi
rthw
eigh
t rat
es fo
r ch
ildre
n of
colo
r ar
e hi
gher
than
the
stat
eav
erag
e fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n
(5.3
%, 1
991)
All
Chi
ldre
n
18
288
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
Chi
ldre
n
Chi
ldre
n of
Col
or
Cou
nty
Low
birt
hwei
ght i
s an
impo
rtan
t ind
icat
or o
f a c
hild
's lo
ng-t
erm
hea
lth. C
hild
ren
with
low
birt
hwei
ght a
re m
uch
mor
e at
ris
k fo
r de
ath
durin
g th
e fir
st fe
w m
onth
s of
life
and
for
seve
re
child
hood
illn
esse
s. L
ater
on
they
are
mor
e at
ris
k th
an o
ther
chi
ldre
n fo
r le
arni
ng d
isab
ilitie
sth
at m
ake
it di
fficu
lt to
suc
ceed
in th
e cl
assr
oom
.
In 1
991,
chi
ldre
n of
col
or in
Min
neso
ta w
ere
at m
uch
high
er r
isk
for
low
birt
hwei
ght a
nd it
s
cons
eque
nces
than
wer
e E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren.
No
grou
p, o
ther
that
: Eur
opea
nA
mer
ican
s, m
et o
r ex
ceed
ed th
e na
tiona
l goa
l of 5
.0%
or
few
er in
fant
s ha
ving
a lo
wbi
rthw
eigh
t. A
fric
an A
mer
ican
infa
nts
wer
e tw
ice
as li
kely
as
the
,nex
t hig
hest
gro
up, A
sian
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren,
to h
ave
a lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t and
at n
early
thre
e tim
es th
e ris
k of
Eur
opea
nA
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n. A
s a
who
le, 9
.1%
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
had
a lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t in
Min
neso
tain
199
1, c
ompa
red
with
4.9
% o
f Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n.
Low
Birt
hwei
ght R
ates
am
ong
Chi
ldre
n, b
y R
ace,
199
1
g4
grn
0,f,
Cg
0.;
gte
cg
6,4
6 C
g g
6 6
2C
.6 4
f-:
* s.0
V;
A A
l-N
"ei
.6 4
gA
111,
114
N4
6v.
;'0
;ro
iN
i
g6
6N
U u
.
-m
eant
no
child
ren
of c
olor
bor
n in
the
coun
ty.
6f,
f6;t0
0 0
0 0
g.0
4.0
0 ,0
t g:
4 4
6 6
6 6
6 6
:6:
6 6
ci :
O.
N'
289
N'
5
1111
1111
11 1094
Rep
ort
IS
tate
wid
e S
tatis
tics
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an c
hild
rer.
13.1
%
Asi
an a
nd P
acifi
c Is
land
er A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n6.
1%
Am
eric
an In
dian
chi
ldre
n6.
0%
Chi
ldre
n of
"ot
her"
rac
ial g
roup
s5.
7
Tot
al c
hild
ren
of c
olor
9.
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n
10%/0
4.9%
All
child
ren
5.3%
In 1
991,
in 2
5 co
untie
s th
e pr
opor
tion
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
who
wei
ghed
less
than
5.5
poun
ds a
t birt
h ex
ceed
ed th
e st
atew
ide
low
birt
hwei
ght a
vera
ge fo
r al
lch
ildre
n. (
Thi
s ta
ble
does
not
incl
ude
His
pani
c ch
ildre
n be
caus
e th
e M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth tr
eats
"H
ispa
nic"
as
an e
thni
c, n
ot r
acia
l, de
sign
atio
n.)
25%
20%
15%
10%
5% 0%
1991
Low
Birt
hwei
ght,
by R
ace
in M
inne
sota
1
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Asi
an
Am
eric
an
Am
eric
an
Indi
anO
ther
Tot
alE
urop
ean
All
Chi
ldre
n
Chi
ldre
n of
Am
eric
an
Col
or
--f,1
f,f4
g4g*
f.f.7
444
4f4f
,*4f
,ff g
rff,,
44gg
giftg
44
'.4
4 c:
4 r
4ke
lr`^
11.
1r;
VA
vs,
sr'i
.6.6
ei4:
1`v-
;sr
;sr
;41
it, 4
N.',
eiV
,,:-
;4
4.6
.6
48gg
gfte
figg
fof,
4.
f,f,
g4gg
*g
g f,
f,g
g 4
4 f,
6 4
--4
4'.6
4e4
c: 4
iv:
r-;
ir;,o
;-;
44
rie',
r-.4
.6.
N r
.1 4
4 .4
r-;
gggg
gf; g
g gg
g gg
gggL
iggg
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ggfg
ggeg
ggfg
g gg
gggt
!ggE
ff6
6 6
6 6
e,-;
.6 6
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6I
6 6
6 6
v6
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6 6
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6 6
n 6
to 6
6 6
6 6
6it;
v 6
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6 6
I6
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6 6
4 O
otr
: t
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cs
c5
7si
:1,
--4
ct,..
39
;A
n;
2
..0'
,1g
I- E
gt°
,,3
4LI
4 1
.td
FEL
!g
`.4
>. 2
2 7
22;
3.; ;
56c
!'.0!
.e.2
E8d
Lie
l4,.;
;5,2
1S
,4
;4
:lc,,,
,,,,,.
.am
ienO
ISO
290
291
Cou
ntie
s in
whi
ch th
e dr
opou
tra
te fo
r ch
ildre
n of
col
or is
high
er th
an th
e st
ate
aver
age
for
all c
hild
ren
(3.5
%, 1
991-
92)
Sch
ool d
ropo
ut r
ates
furt
her
dem
onst
rate
the
wid
e ch
asm
bet
wee
n ch
ildre
n of
col
or a
ndch
ildre
n of
Eur
opea
n de
scen
t.A
ccor
ding
to th
e na
tiona
l KID
S C
OU
NT
rep
ort,
Min
neso
ta h
as th
e hi
ghes
t hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
ion
rate
in th
eco
untr
y.H
owev
er, t
hese
com
men
dabl
e gr
adua
tion
stat
istic
s hi
de th
e fa
ct th
at th
ousa
nds
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
dro
pou
t of s
choo
l eac
h ye
ar. T
his
is a
goo
d ex
ampl
e of
how
gen
eral
ized
, sta
tew
ide
data
can
mas
k se
rious
pro
blem
s ex
perie
nced
by
larg
e an
d de
finab
legr
oups
of c
hild
ren.
In s
choo
l yea
r 19
91-9
2, 1
0.3%
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
in M
inne
sota
dro
pped
out
of s
choo
l, as
com
pare
d to
2.8
% o
f Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n.
Dro
pout
Rat
es a
mon
g C
hild
ren,
by
Rac
e, 1
991-
1992
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
f,
Toe
d C
hild
ren
of C
olor
if
I10
292
His
pani
c
Asi
an A
mer
ican
g C
rj ,e)
Am
eric
an In
dian
e g
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Cou
nty
5.0
N wi
OO
g g
6 6
6 O I
O
owl
N
N
rt; O
as 6
O tr, N oti
O S if;
s.? e
O N"0
. O
I I
O * g
* C.,
'
Cto
O
OO
4 ef
,
O
rri
O
rjO
O rjO
ell i
n*
* r-:
NS C
gig
III
0
S6
S'S , el
C
S*
* r,
4:4
gl 4
.g g
flg
g g
gC
CC
.C
4 C
4 C
6C
C
g g
O,`
r;
" m
ean:
no
repo
rt s
ubm
itted
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tefir
this
yea
r.
6O O ii
C
LL
c.:
JX
22
tir19
94 R
epor
t
Sta
tew
ide
Sta
tistic
sA
fric
an A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n14
.1%
Am
eric
an In
dian
chi
ldre
n13
.0%
Chi
ldre
n of
His
pani
c de
scen
t (al
l rac
es)
11.3
%A
sian
and
Pac
ific
Isla
nder
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
4.5%
Tot
al c
hild
ren
of c
olor
10.3
%E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
2.8%
All
child
ren
3.5%
Dro
pout
rat
es fo
r th
ree
grou
psA
fric
an A
mer
ican
, Am
eric
an In
dian
and
His
pani
c ch
ildre
n
are
dram
atic
ally
hig
her
than
that
for
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n. E
ven
the
rate
for
Asi
an A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n, w
hile
muc
h lo
wer
than
that
of t
he o
ther
thre
egr
oups
, is
high
er th
an
for
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n.T
he d
ropo
ut r
ate
for
child
ren
of c
olor
exc
eede
d th
e
stat
ewid
e av
erag
e fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n in
47
of th
e 87
cou
ntie
s. K
andi
yobi
Cou
nty
saw
the
larg
est
prop
ortio
n of
chi
ldre
n of
col
or d
ropp
ing
out o
f sch
ool
33.0
%.
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61991
-92
Dro
pout
s R
ates
, by
Rac
e in
Min
neso
ta
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
o!'.&
Am
eric
anIla
nH
ispa
nic
(all
)
S eel g v;
ad
N c.;
O ,71
cC!
fi
g
8
ON
6N 000
6 o
o8 ao eri
gg
$o6
6.
o5
e tr,
Oc
cc
g g
6 6
S '4m S N
1
g 6 W
i
O 8
S N N
Asi
an
Am
eric
a,
S eel N 6 O
S a C O O
4 rA N O ci O
Tot
al o
fC
olor
r r. O O
O O O O
co0.
' g O O 0
IN Eur
opea
nA
mer
ican
I g O O O
I ref
so S eel it; eel
eel
fV To
j
S 6 O
Tot
al
1,04
Rer
nrt
:f49
r1
g O O O
111
Min
neso
ta K
ids
A C
lose
r Lo
ok, 1
994
Cor
rect
ions
to p
age
142
Sum
mar
y of
Key
Indi
cato
rs o
f Ris
k fo
r C
hild
ren
byR
ace
100% 90
%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0%
1111
Chi
ld P
over
ty
II Lo
w B
irthw
eigh
t
Sch
ool D
ropo
utVA
Afr
ican
Am
eric
anA
mer
ican
Indi
anA
sian
Am
eric
anE
urop
ean
Am
eric
anH
ispa
nic
(all
race
s)
Oth
erA
ll C
hild
ren
Thi
s pa
ge c
orre
cts
the
erro
neou
s ba
r gr
aphs
sho
win
g C
hild
Pov
erty
for
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
, His
pani
c, O
ther
and
All
Chi
ldre
n. A
ll of
the
othe
r ba
rs g
raph
s w
ere
corr
ect a
s or
igin
ally
pub
lishe
d.
II!
It
.t1.1
296
297
1994
Rep
ot'
r
298
WH
AT
YO
U C
AN
DO
7 A c
lose
r lo
ok a
t Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n le
ads
to th
e qu
estio
n, "
Wha
t can
I do
?" O
ur M
inne
sota
her
itage
,be
it E
urop
ean,
Afr
ican
, Am
er,c
an In
dian
, His
pani
c, o
r A
sian
, cal
ls u
s to
pro
vide
a b
ette
r fu
ture
for
our
child
ren;
and
we
mus
t not
be
over
whe
lmed
by
the
size
of o
ur ta
sk. W
e m
ust r
oll u
p ou
r sl
eeve
san
d ge
t to
wor
k fo
r ch
ildre
n in
our
com
mun
ities
. Her
e ar
e co
ncre
te s
ugge
stio
ns fo
r w
hat Y
OU
can
do s
tart
ing
TO
DA
Y.
As
an in
divi
dual
Writ
e to
you
r el
ecte
d of
ficia
ls a
nd u
rge
them
to g
ive
child
ren
a hi
gh p
riorit
y.
Vot
e w
ith c
hild
ren
in m
ind.
Sin
ce c
hild
ren
cann
ot v
ote
for
them
selv
es, a
dults
mus
t con
side
rch
ildre
n's
need
s w
hen
in th
e vo
ting
boot
h.
Vol
unte
er in
a c
omm
unity
pro
gram
that
ser
ves
the
need
s of
you
ng c
hild
ren,
suc
h as
a c
hild
car
ece
nter
or
Hea
d S
tart
pro
gram
.
Bec
ome
a vo
lunt
eer
men
tor
for
a yo
ung
pers
on. S
hare
you
r tim
e, in
tere
sts
and
valu
es.
Ful
fill y
our
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
to c
hild
ren
in y
our
life,
giv
ing
them
the
time,
atte
ntio
n an
d re
sour
ces
they
nee
d. P
ay y
our
child
sup
port
and
enc
oura
ge o
ther
s to
do
the
sam
e.
Join
or
star
t a s
tudy
circ
le in
you
r ne
ighb
orho
od o
r co
ngre
gatio
n th
at fo
cuse
s on
lear
ning
abo
utth
e w
elfa
re o
f chi
ldre
n. U
se th
is b
ook
or o
ther
KID
S C
OU
NT
rep
orts
as
disc
ussi
on s
tart
ers.
Bec
ome
a ch
ild a
dvoc
ate
with
the
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d an
d C
ongr
egat
ions
Con
cern
ed fo
rC
hild
ren.
Ret
urn
the
post
card
at t
he h
ack
of th
is b
ook,
and
we
will
sen
d yo
u ac
tion
aler
ts o
npu
blic
pol
icie
s th
at w
ill im
prov
e th
e liv
es o
f chi
ldre
n pl
us m
onth
ly fa
ct s
heet
s ab
out c
hild
ren'
sis
sues
.
Cal
l the
Chi
ld A
dvoc
ates
Hot
line,
1-800-626-6108
if yo
u liv
e in
Gre
ater
Min
neso
ta a
nd871-1473
if yo
u liv
e in
the
Tw
in C
ities
are
a, to
lear
n th
e la
test
act
ion
need
ed fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
hen
AC
T! A
lso,
leav
e a
mes
sage
abo
ut w
hat y
ou a
re d
oing
in y
our
com
mun
ity fo
r ch
ildre
n. S
harin
gyo
ur s
tory
will
insp
ire o
ther
s an
d he
lp th
em tr
y si
mila
r ef
fort
s.
299
19',4
Rem
it
"Exa
mpl
e is
mot
the
mai
n th
ime
in
influ
enci
ng o
ther
s.It
is t
he o
nly
thin
g."
Firs
t Chr
istia
n C
hurc
h in
sou
thM
inne
apol
is o
ffers
a p
aren
t bre
ak
prog
ram
on
riday
eve
rinig
s.It
is a
coop
erat
ive
vent
ure.
Con
greg
atio
nm
errq
-iers
am
ci m
eigh
borh
oc,d
par
ents
volu
ntee
r to
Irro
vide
low
-co,
:,t G
arr
tone
ighb
orho
od c
hild
ren,
One
of t
he
orga
nize
rs r
emem
bers
one
mot
her
drop
ping
her
chi
ldre
n of
f jus
t so
that
she
coul
d go
hom
e an
d ta
ke a
bat
h
alon
e. "
she
5,1i
(1 s
he h
adn'
t bee
n al
one
in h
er a
part
men
t sin
ce h
er k
ids
wer
e ho
rn,"
300
As
a ne
ighb
orho
od o
r co
mm
unity
gro
upId
entif
y ch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es w
ith s
peci
fic n
eeds
and
hel
p co
nnec
t the
mw
ith s
ervi
ces
or
volu
ntee
rs.
Org
aniz
e to
add
ress
a p
artic
ular
com
mun
ity p
robl
em th
at is
adv
erse
lyaf
fect
ing
child
ren.
Exa
mpl
es: r
educ
ing
drug
act
ivity
and
the
pres
ence
of g
uns
in th
e co
mm
unity
.
Arr
ange
for
safe
hou
ses
for
child
ren
who
feel
in d
ange
r.
Tak
e re
spon
sibi
lity
for
all c
hild
ren
in y
our
neig
hbor
hood
. If a
chi
ldis
in tr
oubl
e or
cau
sing
trou
ble,
bec
ome
invo
lved
.
Con
nect
with
chi
ld a
dvoc
acy
orga
niza
tions
suc
h as
the
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d an
d sh
are
the
stor
ies
and
chal
leng
es o
f chi
ldre
n in
you
r co
mm
unity
. The
sto
ries
can
help
pas
s ne
eded
legi
slat
ion
and
allo
cate
add
ition
al r
esou
rces
for
child
ren.
As
a re
ligio
us c
ongr
egat
ion
Hol
d a
Chi
ldre
n's
Sab
bath
to r
aise
the
visi
bilit
y of
chi
ldre
n's
need
san
d ce
lebr
ate
thei
r gi
fts.
For
info
rmat
ion
and
wor
ship
mat
eria
ls c
onta
ct C
ongr
egat
ions
Con
cern
ed fo
rC
hild
ren.
Dev
elop
a p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith a
chi
ldre
n's
prog
ram
in y
our
com
mun
ity to
shar
e yo
ur v
olun
teer
and
finan
cial
res
ourc
es a
nd le
nd m
oral
sup
port
.
Hol
d an
adu
lt ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
or
pare
nt e
duca
tion
serie
s on
the
need
sof
chi
ldre
n.
Dis
cove
r th
e ne
eds
of fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
who
live
in y
our
cong
rega
tion'
sco
mm
unity
and
cons
ider
how
you
r co
ngre
gatio
n ca
n re
spon
d. C
ongr
egat
ions
can
offe
r pa
rent
educ
atio
n, p
aren
t
brea
k pr
ogra
ms
or c
hild
car
e pr
ogra
ms.
The
y al
so c
an s
erve
as
site
s fo
rim
mun
izat
ions
and
chi
ld
nutr
ition
pro
gram
s.
As
a bu
sine
ssIm
plem
ent f
amily
-frie
ndly
pol
icie
s th
at r
ecog
nize
em
ploy
ees
as m
embe
rs o
f fam
ilies
.
Use
you
r in
fluen
ce to
sup
port
legi
slat
ion
that
will
impr
ove
child
ren'
s liv
es s
oth
ey c
an b
ecom
e th
e
prod
uctiv
e w
orkf
orce
of t
he fu
ture
.
Pro
vide
bus
ines
s sk
ills
and
expe
rtis
e to
pro
gram
s se
rvin
g ch
ildre
n in
nee
d.
Spo
nsor
a c
hild
ren'
s pr
ogra
m, s
uch
as a
chi
ld c
are
cent
er o
r H
ead
Sta
rt p
rogr
am.
Hol
:1 fu
nd-r
aise
rs fo
r co
mm
unity
pro
gram
s se
rvin
g ch
ildre
n.
30i
1994
Rep
ort
r-
"The
re w
as a
chi
ld w
ent f
orth
eve
ry d
ay,
And
the
first
obj
ect h
e lo
oked
upo
n, th
atob
ject
he
beca
me"
Wal
t Whi
tman
Dak
ota
Cou
rts/
Chi
ld A
buse
Pre
vent
ion
Cou
ncil
spon
sors
an
annu
al "
Cap
ture
the
Dre
am"
cont
est f
or lo
cal a
mat
eur
phot
ogra
pher
s. T
he p
hoto
grap
hs s
how
nurt
urin
g, h
ealth
y re
latio
nshi
psbe
twee
n ch
ildre
n an
d ad
ults
and
are
publ
ishe
d in
the
coun
ty's
ann
ual
"rep
ort,
card
" on
its
qual
ity o
f life
.
Enc
oura
ge y
our
empl
oyee
s to
volu
ntee
r in
pro
gram
s se
rvin
g ch
ildre
n an
d al
low
them
to u
se s
ome
of th
eir
paid
tim
e to
do
it.
Ask
you
r em
ploy
ees
how
you
can
bes
t mee
t the
ir ne
eds
as p
aren
ts.
Dis
cuss
fam
ily is
sues
with
them
and
impl
emen
t the
ir su
gges
tions
whe
n po
ssib
le.
As
the
med
iaF
eatu
re g
ood
new
s ab
out c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
of a
ll ra
ces,
cul
ture
s,an
d in
com
es in
you
r
com
mun
ity.
Use
you
r ad
vert
isin
g st
rate
gies
to r
ecru
it vo
lunt
eers
for
com
mun
itych
ildre
n's
prog
ram
s.
Com
mit
regu
lar
time
or s
pace
to im
port
ant i
ssue
s fa
cing
fam
ilies
and
child
ren.
KID
S C
OU
NT
can
prov
ide
the
data
.
Exp
and
child
ren'
s pr
ogra
mm
ing
show
n on
loca
l tel
evis
ion.
Set
and
follo
w b
ette
r st
anda
rds
for
broa
dcas
ting
sex
and
viol
ence
on
tele
visi
on.
As
an e
lect
ed o
ffici
alLi
sten
to w
hat c
onst
ituen
t fam
ilies
say
abo
ut th
eir
life
circ
umst
ance
s; ta
ke s
peci
al c
are
tohe
ar
from
fam
ilies
who
may
be
too
busy
or
too
stre
ssed
to c
ome
to le
gisl
ativ
e, c
ount
ybo
ard
or c
ity
coun
cil m
eetin
gs.
Sup
port
wag
e, ta
x, a
nd s
afet
y ne
t pol
icie
sth
at e
nsur
e al
l fam
ilies
hav
e ad
equa
te in
com
es.
Inve
st lo
cal a
nd s
tate
dol
lars
in p
reve
ntio
n pr
ogra
ms;
mak
e th
e ne
eds
of y
our
loca
lity
and
the
Sta
te o
f Min
neso
ta k
now
n to
fede
ral o
ffici
als.
Mak
e th
e ne
eds
of c
hild
ren
a pr
iorit
y in
you
r ne
xt c
ampa
ign.
Mak
e tim
e fo
r th
e ch
ildre
n in
you
r ow
n lif
e so
you
can
set
an
exam
ple
for
othe
rs.
Use
you
r po
sitio
n of
lead
ersh
ip to
brin
g co
mm
unity
res
ourc
es to
geth
er to
hel
pch
ildre
n.
DA
TA
ME
TH
OD
SA
ND
NO
TE
S
Met
hods
Min
neso
ta K
IDSCOUNT
obta
ined
dat
a fo
r th
e ba
se a
ndcu
rren
t yea
rs fr
om s
ever
al s
tate
age
ncie
s in
clud
ing
the
Offi
ce o
fth
e S
tate
Dem
ogra
pher
, the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth, t
heD
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s,th
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n, a
nd th
e S
upre
me
Cou
rt o
f Min
neso
ta.
To
find
the
perc
ent c
hang
e be
twee
n th
e ba
se a
nd c
urre
nt y
ears
,M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
use
d th
e fo
rmul
a:
curr
ent y
ear
% o
r #
- ba
se y
ear
% o
r #
base
yea
r %
or
#
(Be
awar
e th
at w
hile
per
cent
ages
are
a g
ood
mea
sure
of t
here
lativ
e de
pth
of a
pro
blem
, the
y sh
ould
be
inte
rpre
ted
with
caut
ion
whe
n ap
plie
d to
sm
all n
umbe
rs b
ecau
se in
thes
e ca
ses
perc
enta
ges
can
dist
ort t
he r
elat
ive
mag
nitu
de o
f the
pro
blem
.F
or e
xam
ple,
the
rate
of c
hang
e be
twee
n 5%
and
10%
is10
0%, e
ven
thou
gh th
e di
ffere
nce
on a
num
ber
line
is o
nly
5po
ints
. Com
pare
this
to th
e 66
% r
ate
of c
hang
e be
twee
n 30
%an
d 50
% w
here
the
diffe
renc
e on
a n
umbe
r lin
e is
20.
Als
o, b
e aw
are
that
sam
ple
grou
ps o
f les
s th
an 3
0, w
hile
impo
rtan
t in
them
selv
es, s
houl
d be
app
roac
hed
with
cau
tion
beca
use
they
are
too
smal
l for
sta
tistic
al in
terp
reta
tion.
)
Not
esIn
all
case
s ch
ildre
n re
fers
to p
erso
ns w
ho a
re a
ge 1
7 or
und
er.
1980
tota
l chi
ld p
opul
atio
n da
ta a
re fr
om T
able
173
of
Gen
eral
Soc
ial a
nd E
cono
mic
Cha
ract
eris
tics
Min
neso
ta. 1
9130
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n, p
ublis
hed
by th
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Com
mer
ce B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus.
1990
tota
l chi
ld p
opul
atio
n da
ta a
re fr
om T
able
P13
of t
heU
.S. C
ensu
s pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e U
nive
rsity
of M
inne
sota
Mac
hine
Rea
dabl
.: D
ata
Cen
ter.
1986
and
1991
child
popu
latio
n da
taar
ea
linea
rin
terp
olat
ion
and
extr
apol
atio
n re
spec
tivel
y of
198
0 an
d 19
90C
ensu
s da
ta.
In th
e ta
bles
, ">
100%
" in
the
"cha
nge"
col
umn
indi
cate
s ze
roin
the
base
yeA
r an
d gr
eate
r th
an z
ero
in th
e cu
rren
t yea
r;a
.." in
dica
tes
zero
in b
oth
year
s.
Rac
e de
sign
atio
n at
birt
h is
rec
orde
d on
the
birt
h ce
rtifi
cate
by
the
mot
her,
or,
if n
ot s
o de
sign
ated
, det
erm
ined
by
the
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
usi
ng a
met
hod
that
inco
rpor
ates
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
rac
e of
eac
h pa
rent
.
Rac
e or
eth
nic
desi
gnat
ion
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
pov
erty
isba
sed
on h
ow p
eopl
e de
scrib
ed th
emse
lves
to th
e C
ensu
s.
Birt
h da
ta fr
om th
e M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth in
clud
eliv
e bi
rths
onl
y. C
ateg
orie
s of
live
birt
hs in
this
rep
ort i
nclu
dech
ildre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s, b
orn
to m
othe
rs w
ith le
ssth
an 1
2 ye
ars
educ
atio
n, b
orn
to m
othe
rs u
nder
age
18,
or
with
a b
irthw
eigh
t of 5
.5 p
ound
s or
less
.
Per
cent
of C
hild
ren
Livi
ng in
Pov
erty
.T
he p
erce
nt o
fM
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in p
over
ty is
the
perc
enta
ge o
fre
late
d ch
ildre
n un
der
age
18 w
ho li
ve in
fam
ilies
with
inco
mes
belo
w th
e po
vert
y lin
e. "
Rel
ated
chi
ldre
n" m
eans
the
child
ren
of th
e he
ad o
f the
fam
ily b
y bi
rth,
mar
riage
or
adop
tion,
and
any
othe
r pe
rson
und
er a
ge 1
8 w
ho is
livi
ng in
the
hous
ehol
dan
d re
late
d to
the
fam
ily h
ead.
Usi
ng 1
980
and
1990
cen
sus
data
the
Offi
ce o
f the
Sta
te D
emog
raph
er p
rovi
ded
the
pove
rty
rate
s fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n.P
over
ty r
ates
by
race
for
1989
are
from
Tab
le P
119
of th
e 19
90 c
ensu
s an
d w
ere
prov
ided
by
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Min
neso
ta M
achi
ne R
eada
ble
Dat
a C
ente
r.
The
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t set
s th
e po
vert
y lin
e an
nual
ly.
It is
base
d on
a d
efin
ition
orig
inat
ed b
y th
e S
ocia
l Sec
urity
Adm
inis
trat
ion
in 1
964,
then
mod
ified
in 1
969
and
agai
n in
1980
. Its
cor
e is
the
1960
eco
nom
y fo
od p
lan,
the
leas
t cos
tlyof
four
nut
ritio
nally
ade
quat
e fo
od p
lans
des
igne
d by
the
U.S
.D
epar
tmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re in
the
late
195
0s. A
fter
anal
yzin
gth
ere
sults
of a
1955
sur
vey
of fo
od c
onsu
mpt
ion,
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
con
clud
ed th
at fa
mili
es o
f thr
ee o
rm
ore
pers
ons
spen
d ap
prox
imat
ely
one-
third
of t
heir
inco
mes
on fo
od; h
ence
, the
Soc
ial S
ecur
ity A
dmin
istr
atio
n de
fined
the
pove
rty
thre
shol
d as
thre
e tim
es th
e co
st o
f the
eco
nom
y fo
odpl
an. T
he fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ent r
evis
es th
e po
vert
y th
resh
olds
annu
ally
to a
llow
for
chan
ges
in th
e co
st o
f liv
ing
as r
efle
cted
in th
e C
onsu
mer
Pric
e In
dex.
Pov
erty
thre
shol
ds a
re a
pplie
don
a n
atio
nal b
asis
and
are
not
adj
uste
d fo
r re
gion
al, s
tate
, or
loca
l var
iatio
ns in
the
cost
of l
ivin
g.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
livin
g w
ith a
sin
gle
pare
ntis
the
perc
enta
ge o
f rel
ated
chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18 w
ho li
ve in
fam
ilies
head
ed b
y a
pers
on w
ithou
t a s
pous
e pr
esen
t in
the
hom
e."R
elat
ed c
hild
ren"
mea
ns th
e ch
ildre
n of
the
head
of t
he fa
mily
by b
irth,
mar
riage
or
adop
tion,
and
any
oth
er c
hild
ren
unde
r
age
18 w
ho a
re li
ving
in th
e ho
useh
old
and
rela
ted
to th
efa
mily
hea
d. M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
use
d T
able
P23
of
the
1990
Cen
sus
and
Tab
le 9
4 of
the
1980
Cen
sus
tode
term
ine
the
perc
ent o
f chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
. The
se ta
bles
iden
tify
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
in e
ach
coun
ty c
ount
y w
ho li
ve w
ith a
mar
ried
coup
le, a
mal
e he
ad o
fho
useh
old
or a
fem
ale
head
of h
ouse
hold
.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
depe
nden
t on
AF
DC
is th
e pe
rcen
t of
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
in e
ach
coun
ty w
ho r
ecei
ved
AF
DC
.T
he M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
ervi
ces
prov
ided
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T w
ith a
cou
nt o
f chi
ldre
n on
AF
DC
. The
cou
nt is
the
mon
thly
ave
rage
of a
ll ch
ildre
nre
ceiv
ing
AF
DC
pay
men
ts b
etw
een
July
1 a
nd J
une
30 o
f the
sele
cted
fisc
al y
ears
. Min
neso
ta K
IDSCOUNT
tran
slat
ed th
eda
ta to
per
cent
age
form
by
divi
ding
the
aver
age
num
ber
ofch
ildre
n re
ceiv
ing
AF
DC
by
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
hous
ehol
ds w
ith o
ne a
dult
or a
mar
ried
coup
le(a
nin
terp
olat
ion
and
extr
apol
atio
n of
Ta!
le 9
4 fr
om th
e 19
80C
ensu
s an
d T
able
P23
of t
he 1
990
Cen
sus)
.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
born
to u
nmar
ried
pare
nts
isth
epe
rcen
tage
of i
nfan
ts w
hose
par
ents
mar
k "n
o" to
que
stio
n #2
7on
Min
neso
ta's
Cer
tific
ate
of L
ive
Birt
h, "
Chi
ld b
orn
inw
edlo
ck."
Min
neso
ta K
IDSCOUNT
obta
ined
a c
ount
y-by
-co
unty
cou
nt o
f tot
al b
irths
and
birt
hs to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sfr
om th
e C
ente
r fo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s of
the
Min
neso
ta H
ealth
Dep
artm
ent f
or th
e ye
ars
1986
and
199
1, th
en c
onve
ned
the
data
to p
erce
ntag
e fo
rm b
y di
vidi
ng th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
nbo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s by
tota
l birt
hs.
Per
cent
of b
abie
s w
eigh
ing
5.5
poun
ds o
r le
ss a
t birt
h is
the
perc
enta
ge o
f inf
ants
who
se b
irth
cert
ifica
tes
indi
cate
that
they
wei
ghed
2,5
00 g
ram
s (5
.5 p
ound
s) o
r le
ss a
t birt
h. T
he C
ente
rfo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s of
the
Min
neso
ta H
ealth
Dep
artm
ent
prov
ided
the
info
rmat
ion
to M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
. It i
sba
sed
on in
form
atio
n co
llect
ed b
y th
e C
ente
r fo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s fr
om b
irth
cert
ifica
tes.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
born
to m
othe
rs w
ho a
re le
ss th
an a
ge 1
8is
the
perc
enta
ge o
f inf
ants
bor
n to
wom
en w
ho w
ere
less
than
age
18 a
t the
tim
e of
the
child
's b
irth.
The
Cen
ter
for
Hea
lthS
tatis
tics
of th
e M
inne
sota
Hea
lth D
epar
tmen
t pro
vide
d th
ein
form
atio
n to
Min
neso
ta K
IDSCOUNT.
Itis
bas
ed o
nin
form
atio
n co
llect
ed b
y th
e C
ente
r fo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s fr
ombi
rth
cert
ifica
tes.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
born
to m
othe
rs w
ith fe
wer
than
12
year
sed
ucat
ion
is th
e pe
rcen
tage
of i
nfan
ts b
orn
to w
omen
who
had
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of fo
rmal
edu
catio
n at
the
time
of th
ech
ild's
birt
h.T
he C
ente
r fo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s of
the
4,1
304
305
tr1994 Report
r-
Min
neso
ta H
ealth
Dep
artm
ent p
rovi
ded
the
info
rmat
ion
toM
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
.It
is b
ased
on
info
rmat
ion
colle
cted
by
the
Cen
ter
for
Hea
lth S
tatis
tics
from
birt
hce
rtifi
cate
s.
Sub
stan
tiate
d ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
isth
e nu
mbe
r of
child
ren
for
who
m a
rep
ort o
f chi
ld a
buse
of a
ny k
ind
orne
glec
t was
sub
stan
tiate
d by
a c
hild
pro
tect
ion
wor
ker
in 1
986
or 1
991.
Sub
stan
tiate
d ab
use
mea
ns th
at th
e lo
cal s
ocia
lse
rvic
e ag
ency
has
con
duct
ed a
n as
sess
men
t in
resp
onse
to a
repo
rt a
nd h
as fo
und
that
mal
trea
tmen
t occ
urre
d. T
he te
rm"s
ubst
antia
ted"
isus
ed in
terc
hang
eabl
y w
ith th
e te
rm"d
eter
min
ed."
In o
rder
to m
aint
ain
a ba
sis
for
com
paris
on,
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T lo
oked
onl
y at
the
cate
gorie
s of
abus
e fo
r w
hich
the
defin
ition
s re
mai
ned
cons
iste
nt fr
om19
86 th
roug
h 19
91.
The
y in
clud
e ph
ysic
al, s
exua
l and
emot
iona
l abu
se, a
nd n
egle
ct. T
he M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
uman
Ser
vice
s pr
ovid
ed th
e in
form
atio
n on
a c
ount
y-by
-co
unty
bas
is.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
drop
ping
out
of s
choo
l is
the
perc
enta
geof
chi
ldre
n w
ho r
egis
tere
d in
a p
ublic
sch
ool i
n S
epte
mbe
r of
the
scho
ol y
ear
and
left
befo
re th
e en
d of
the
year
with
out
tran
sfer
ring
reco
rds
to a
noth
er s
choo
l.A
one
-to-
one
corr
espo
nden
ce b
etw
een
stud
ents
and
dro
pout
s do
es n
ot e
xist
beca
use
a pa
rtic
ular
stu
dent
may
"dr
op o
ut"
of s
choo
l mor
eth
an o
nce
in a
sin
gle
year
.In
divi
dual
sch
ools
col
lect
the
info
rmat
ion.
Loc
al s
choo
l boa
rds
forw
ard
it to
the
Min
neso
taD
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion.
Thr
rep
orts
do
not i
nclu
dein
form
atio
n re
gard
ing
child
ren
atte
ndin
g sc
hool
s on
Indi
anre
serv
atio
ns.
The
Dep
artm
ent p
rovi
ded
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T w
ith c
ount
s by
rac
e or
eth
nici
ty. M
inne
sota
KID
SC
OU
NT
det
erm
ined
the
over
all d
ropo
ut r
ate
for
each
cou
nty
by a
ggre
gatin
g th
e ra
cial
gro
ups,
then
div
idin
g th
e dr
opou
tnu
mbe
r by
the
tota
l num
ber
of s
tude
nts.
Dro
pout
rat
es b
yra
cial
and
eth
nic
grou
p w
ere
dete
rmin
ed b
y di
vidi
ng th
enu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n w
ho d
ropp
ed o
ut in
eac
h gr
oup
by th
eto
tal n
umbe
r of
stu
dent
s in
the
Sam
e gr
oup.
Per
cent
of c
rimes
com
mitt
ed b
y ch
ildre
n ag
ains
t peo
ple
isth
e pe
rcen
tage
of j
uven
ile ju
stic
e pe
titio
ns fi
led
for
hom
icid
e,ag
grav
ated
ass
ault,
kid
napp
ing,
crim
inal
sex
ual c
ondu
ct, a
ndro
bber
y in
198
6 an
d 19
91.
Sin
ce th
e pe
rcen
tage
is o
f all
juve
nile
pet
ition
s th
at w
ere
felo
ny c
rimes
aga
inst
a p
erso
n, a
one-
to-o
ne c
orre
spon
denc
e be
twee
n th
e nu
mbe
r of
pet
ition
san
d th
e nu
mbe
r of
juve
nile
s co
mm
ittin
g th
is ty
pe o
f offe
nse
does
not
exi
st.
The
Res
earc
h an
d P
lann
ing
Offi
ce o
f Sta
teC
ourt
Adm
inis
trat
ion
of th
e S
upre
me
Cou
rt o
f Min
neso
tapr
ovid
ed th
e da
ta o
n a
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
bas
is.
Chi
ld s
uici
des,
hom
icid
es a
nd o
ther
vio
lent
dea
ths
is th
enu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n un
der
age
18 w
ho d
ied
from
mur
der,
suic
ide,
or
vehi
cula
r ho
mic
ide.
The
Cen
ter
for
Hea
lthS
tatis
tics
of th
e M
inne
sota
Hea
lth D
epar
tmen
t pro
vide
d th
ein
form
atio
n to
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T.
It is
bas
ed o
nin
form
atio
n co
llect
ed b
y th
e C
ente
r fo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s fr
omde
ath
cert
ifica
tes.
Enc
inot
es
IC
DF
-MN
. You
Sho
uld
Kno
w, S
ept.
1993
.
2 T
his
is e
qual
to th
ree-
four
ths
of th
e fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ent's
pove
rty
leve
l for
a fa
mily
of t
hree
in 1
993.
Ful
l-tim
e an
nual
wag
e be
fore
taxe
s: $
4.25
/hou
r x
2,08
0 ho
urs
= $
8,84
0. T
hefe
dera
l pov
erty
leve
l for
a fa
mily
of t
hree
pub
lishe
d in
the
Feb
ruar
y 19
93 F
eder
al R
egis
ter
was
$11
,890
.
3 U
nite
d S
tate
s H
ouse
of R
epre
sent
ativ
es, F
ile #
3278
.
4 M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Rev
enue
out
reac
h ca
mpa
ign
mat
eria
ls, 1
993.
C M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Min
neso
ta's
Chi
ld C
are
Sys
tem
. A R
epor
t to
the
Min
neso
ta L
egis
latu
reM
ar. 1
993,
p. 2
9.
6 A
naly
sis
of 1
°90
Cen
sus
data
don
e fo
r M
inne
sota
KID
SC
OU
NT
by
A. i
n M
alki
s of
the
Urb
an C
oalit
ion
ofM
inne
apol
is' C
ensu
s P
roje
ct.
8 ci
)u-M
N,
op.
sit.
9 U
npub
lishe
d da
ta, M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
fS
ervi
ces,
199
3,
1()
Unp
ublis
hed
data
, Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s, F
eb. 1
994.
11 C
DF
-MN
, op.
ch.
12 B
etty
Lia
-Hoa
gber
g, P
. Rod
e, K
. Bel
lfiel
d, a
nd C
.S
kovh
olt B
arrie
rs a
nd M
otiv
ator
s to
Pre
nata
l Cat
e;E
xper
ienc
es o
f Low
Inco
me
Wom
en, U
rban
Coa
litio
n of
Min
neap
olis
, Aug
. 198
8, p
. I.
13 C
ente
r on
Bud
get a
nd P
olic
y P
riorit
ies,
Sec
urin
g S
tate
Dol
lar5
for
WIC
, lid
ed.
, Jan
. 199
3.
14 U
rban
Coa
litio
n of
Min
neap
olis
, "C
omm
unity
Dia
logu
es o
n In
fant
Mor
talit
y an
d M
ater
nal a
nd C
hild
Hea
lth,"
199
3.
15 M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth 1
991
Hea
lthS
tatis
tics
p. 1
8.
16 M
icha
el R
esni
ck, "
Ado
lesc
ent P
regn
ancy
Opt
ions
,"ku
rnal
of S
choo
l Hea
lth, V
ol. 6
2, #
7, S
ept.
1992
, p. 2
99.
17 C
ente
r fo
r P
opul
atio
n O
ptio
ns, "
Ado
lesc
ent P
regn
ancy
:A
Sum
mar
y of
Pre
vent
ion
Str
ateg
ies,
" M
ar. 1
993,
pp.
1-3
.
18 E
sthe
r W
atte
nher
g an
d D
. W. C
assi
dy, C
hild
ren
of th
eS
tate
: Chi
ldre
n in
the
Chi
ld W
elfa
re S
yste
m U
nive
rsity
of
Min
neso
ta S
choo
l of S
ocia
l Wor
k, A
pril
1992
, p. 1
8.
10 M
inne
sota
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Min
neso
ta's
Chi
ld C
are
Sys
tem
. A R
epor
t to
the
1993
Leg
isla
ture
, Mar
.19
93, p
. 32.
20 N
atio
nal p
oll b
y C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und/
New
swee
k19
93.
21 O
ffice
of t
he S
tate
Dem
ogra
pher
, Nov
. 199
3.
22 A
. Mill
er, A
. Fin
e, a
nd S
. Ada
ms-
Tay
lor,
"M
onito
ring
Chi
ldre
n's
Hea
lth: K
ey In
dica
tors
," A
mer
ican
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion,
198
9.
23 li
st
24 M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
, "M
inne
sota
Chi
ld S
uppo
rtS
yste
m F
ails
to M
eet C
hild
ren'
s N
eeds
," S
prin
g 19
93.
25 li
d.
26 In
ertia
l of P
ublic
Hea
lth o
p.p.
315
.
27 th
id.,
313.
28 J
315
.29
Min
neso
ta C
rimin
al J
ustic
e S
tatis
tical
Ana
lysi
s C
ente
r,(2
2,1t
hey
of ju
veni
le C
rime
in M
inne
sota
, Feb
. 26,
199
3. n
.22
.
30 W
atte
nher
g,of
f. si
r., p
. 18.
31 B
arba
ra R
onni
gen,
"D
ropo
ut R
ate
Dec
lines
in 1
980s
,"M
inne
sota
Offi
ce o
f Str
ateg
ic a
nd L
ong
Ran
ge P
lann
ing,
new
s re
leas
e, J
une
2, 1
992.
307
qn4
Re1
,011
LLLLILL1LtL C l t. E. l<< t S.
Nam
e
l's(li
nnes
ota
KIP
S'N
I
!AO
Atii
1!('S
S
11,1
11.1
111C
Thu
ile
Ist
: lon
g l'h
one
Tito
,11,
Lf
PR
AN
C d
ICL
:
(711
( .)
:\,1
101
Put
Inc
on th
e m
ailin
g lis
t for
l)efe
nse
Fun
dN
linne
sota
s fr
ee
mon
thly
ntA
tsle
ttei
J A
dd ti
le to
the
Con
greg
atio
ns (
ono
:flie
d fo
r (.
.hilt
lreti
child
ads
:os:
ates
list
.
I %so
uld
like
to te
st...
tee
actio
n al
erts
so
that
I ta
n ta
ll m
s el
ecte
d ((
nit A
ds
abou
t pub
lic p
oliti
es A
ffet t
ing
thilt
Iren
.
t
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
VN
OR
OE
I? F
OR
M
!..A
o
Sen
d m
e th
e fo
llow
ing
M in
neso
tA 1
(11)
S (
()M
INT
rep
orts
:Il
intie
,ota
kid
,: A
( la
cer
look
(11
, ..r
.to
sS
tu
rrrt
rrit.
irr.
1,t
111,
1110
61tr
/c:.^
1 (
I ook
rt k
A f
,\
Nfin
neso
ia s
thu
rlT
rott
stst
till t
ails
to N
isei
t.fu
ltltc
n s
Nee
ds,
t,n n
I\
110
!Mid
1111
111
!lir
`tjrt
l'rc
tcnu
1,11
Ni i
k1hi
nt \t
iny
tino
S.
And
11.1
11,1
111T
I
(I n
,.Im
icto
r lo
ll am
ount
11.
011
out t
o (*
()Ilg
rcg.
ttion
s C
tinse
rtie
t1 fo
r C
hild
ren
I
...I A
dd m
enu
t,tgn
tiatio
n It
in le
ono
to th
e M
inne
sota
KU
)1/
4(I
'N I
list t
ot r
etvi
t mg
repo
rts
311
PLA
CE
194
STA
MP
HE
RE
Con
greg
atio
ns C
once
rned
for
Chi
ldre
n12
2 W
est F
rank
lin, S
uite
218
Min
neap
olis
, MN
554
04
312
1
PLA
CE
19C
STA
MP
HE
RE
Con
greg
atio
ns C
once
rned
for
Chi
ldre
n12
2 W
est F
rank
lin. S
uite
218
Min
neap
olis
, MN
554
04
314
:LT
CO
PYA
VA
ILA
EL
.31
5
144
P`xt661
04cos.uu,wpm
())5PPI
OP
Min
neso
ta K
ids
A C
lose
r Lo
okIn
ord
er to
bec
ome
adul
ts w
ho a
re r
eady
to w
ork,
rai
sefa
mili
es a
nd c
ontr
ibut
e to
the
com
mun
ity, c
hild
ren
need
econ
omic
sec
urity
, a g
ood
star
t at b
irth,
and
free
dom
from
vio
lenc
e. Y
et M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n, w
heth
er r
ural
,ur
ban
or s
ubur
ban,
are
not
get
ting
wha
t the
y ne
ed.
On
ten
of th
e el
even
indi
cato
rs o
f chi
ld w
ell-b
eing
sel
ecte
dby
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
T, M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n ar
edo
ing
wor
se th
an th
ey w
ere
5-10
yea
rs a
go. A
s ch
ild w
ell-
bein
g de
clin
es o
vera
ll, it
falls
eve
n fu
rthe
r fo
r M
inne
sota
'sch
ildre
n of
col
or.
Min
neso
ta K
IDS
CO
UN
's n
ew d
ata
hook
, Min
neso
ta K
ids
A (
'lose
r Lo
ok, p
rovi
des
a de
taile
d lo
ok a
t ele
ven
indi
cato
rs o
f chi
ld w
ell-b
eing
and
sho
ws,
cou
nty-
by-c
ount
y,ho
w c
hild
ren
are
farin
g on
eac
h in
dica
tor.
The
hoo
k al
sote
lls w
hat c
hild
ren
need
and
how
Min
neso
tans
can
wor
kto
geth
er to
impr
ove
the
lives
of c
hild
ren
in th
eir
co n
unun
itI.C
'
KID
S C
OU
NT
find
ings
:
Eco
nom
ic s
ecur
ity
The
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
sin
gle
pare
nt fa
mili
esin
Min
neso
ta r
ose
in e
very
cou
nty.
Sta
tew
ide,
the
rate
wen
t fro
nt 1
1.8%
in 1
980
to 1
6.20
6 in
199
0 --
a 3
7.3%
incr
ease
. Fiv
e co
untie
s sa
w th
e ra
te in
crea
se b
y m
ore
than
100
%: M
ille
Lies
, Mah
nom
en, \
X'a
dena
,W
aton
wan
, and
Mar
shal
l.
The
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
pov
erty
inM
inne
sota
gre
w 2
1.6%
(fr
om 1
0.2%
to 1
2.4%
) be
twee
nth
e 19
80 a
nd 1
990
cens
uses
. Thi
s oc
curr
ed d
espi
tede
crea
ses
in th
e ra
te o
f chi
ld p
over
ty in
44
of th
e 87
coun
ties.
I ake
Cou
nty
saw
the
mos
t ext
rem
e ra
te o
fin
crea
se-
192.
9%.
The
pro
port
ion
of M
inne
sota
f.hi
ld e
n on
AF
DC
ros
e by
15.7
% s
tate
wid
e be
twee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991.
For
ty-s
ixco
untie
s sa
w in
crea
ses,
with
Wilk
in C
ount
y se
eing
the
larg
est -
73.
4%. T
he r
ate
decr
ease
d in
38
coun
ties,
with
Wat
onw
an C
ount
y se
eing
the
grea
test
dec
reas
e70
.2%
and
did
not c
hang
e in
thre
e co
untie
s.
3.0
A g
ood
star
tT
he p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
sgr
ew b
y :3
6.8%
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991
stat
ewid
e. O
fth
e 87
cou
ntie
s, 8
0 sa
w in
crea
ses,
four
saw
dec
reas
es a
ndth
ree
saw
no
chan
ge. Y
ello
w M
edic
ine
Cou
nty
saw
the
larg
est i
ncre
ase
289.
7% -
and
Red
Lak
e C
ount
y th
ela
rges
t dec
reas
e7%
.
The
pro
port
ion
of M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
unde
r ag
e 18
gre
w b
y 8%
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991.
The
rate
incr
ease
d in
48
coun
ties,
dec
reas
ed in
37
and
did
not
chan
ge in
two.
Mow
er C
ount
y sa
w th
e m
ost e
xtre
me
grow
th -
400
%.
the
elev
en in
dica
tors
of c
hild
sel
l
by M
inne
sota
r ID
Sco
uN 1
,
child
ren
.ere
doi
ng w
orse
th.:i
n
e 5.
10 y
ears
ago
. As
child
wel
l-i7e
ini
irleS
ove
rall,
it fa
lls e
ven
furt
her
f:-,r
Min
neso
ta's
chi
ldre
n : c
olor
.
The
pro
port
ion
of M
inne
sota
chi
ldre
n ho
rn to
mot
hers
with
kw
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of s
choo
ling
rose
by
12.4
%be
twee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991.
The
pro
port
ion
incr
ease
d in
54
coun
ties,
with
the
larg
est r
ate
of in
crea
se o
ccur
ring
inB
row
n C
ount
y27
7.3%
. The
rat
e de
crea
sed
in 3
0co
untie
s an
d di
d no
t cha
nge
in th
ree.
The
per
cent
of c
hild
ren
with
low
hirt
hwei
ghts
gre
w fr
om5%
to 5
.3%
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991,
incr
easi
ng in
49
coun
ties,
dec
reas
ing
in .3
7, a
nd s
tayi
ng th
e sa
me
in o
ne.
The
larg
est r
ate
of in
crea
se21
8.8%
- w
as in
Kan
ahec
Cou
nty,
and
the
larg
est d
ecre
ase
- 81
.5%
in I
ac Q
ui P
ark
Cou
nty.
Dat
a fu
r M
inne
sota
Kid
s- .A
Clo
ser
look
wer
e ob
tain
ed r
uin
the
1980
and
199
0(;
ensu
res
and
from
sev
eral
Min
neso
ta s
tate
agen
cies
incl
udin
g th
e O
ffice
of t
he s
tate
Dem
ogra
pher
,D
epar
tmen
t of I
leal
th, D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s,D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
and
the
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
of M
inne
sota
.
Fre
edom
from
vio
lenc
e
The
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
for
who
m a
buse
and
neE
,,!ec
tw
ere
subs
tant
iate
d in
Min
neso
ta r
oF
rom
7,7
60 in
198
6to
10,
224
in 1
991,
a 3
1.8%
incr
ease
. Mah
nom
enC
ount
y sa
w th
e la
rges
t pro
port
iona
l inc
reas
e -
625%
.G
rant
and
Kitt
son
Cou
ntie
s ha
d th
e la
rges
t pro
port
iona
lde
crea
se -
91.
7% e
ach.
Bet
wee
n sc
hool
yea
rs 1
986-
87 a
nd 1
991-
92, t
hepe
rcen
tage
of c
hild
ren
drop
ping
out
of s
choo
l bef
ore
high
sch
ool g
radu
atio
n ro
se b
y 25
%. I
t inc
reas
ed in
51
coun
ties,
dec
reas
ed in
31,
and
did
not
cha
nge
in th
ree
(tw
o co
untie
s di
d no
t rep
ort d
ropo
ut d
ata
for
1991
-92)
.In
sev
en c
ount
ies
the
rate
of i
ncre
ase
betw
een
the
two
year
s w
as g
reat
er th
an 2
00%
: Cas
s, N
oble
s, J
acks
on,
Car
ver,
Gra
nt, R
ed L
ake,
and
McL
eod.
The
per
cent
age
of c
rimes
com
mitt
ed b
y ch
ildre
n th
at a
recr
imes
aga
inst
peo
ple
grew
by
13.8
% b
etw
een
1987
and
1991
. For
ty-t
wo
coun
ties
saw
incr
ease
s, 3
7 sa
wde
crea
ses,
and
eig
ht c
ount
ies
saw
no
chan
ge. T
enco
un ie
s w
ith in
crea
ses
had
no c
hild
crim
es a
gain
stpe
ople
in 1
987.
The
larg
est r
ate
of in
crea
se o
ccur
red
inC
ass
Cou
nty
523.
1%. E
ight
cou
ntie
s sa
w th
eir
rate
sde
crea
se b
y 10
0%.
The
onl
y tr
easu
re o
f chi
ld w
ell-b
eing
that
impr
oved
was
the
num
ber
of v
iole
nt d
eath
s, w
hich
dro
pped
by
25.2
%be
twee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991.
How
ever
, 10
coun
ties
that
had
no v
iole
nt d
eath
s am
ong
child
ren
in 1
986
had
one
orm
ore
in 1
991.
Of t
he 2
5 co
untie
s w
ith in
crea
ses,
Kan
diyo
hi h
ad th
e la
rges
t mea
sura
ble
incr
ease
--
500%
.F
orty
-one
cou
ntie
s ha
d de
crea
ses
and
21 1
,ad
no c
hang
e.
Min
neso
ta K
ids
Cou
nt, a
join
t pro
ject
of t
he C
hild
ren'
sD
efen
se F
und-
Min
neso
ta a
nd C
ongr
egat
ions
Con
cern
edfo
r C
hild
ren,
is fu
nded
by
the
Ann
ie E
Cas
eyF
ound
atio
n, w
ith s
uppl
emen
tary
gra
nts
from
Nor
wes
tA
rea
Fou
ndat
ion
and
She
lterin
g A
rms
Fou
ndat
ion.
Min
neso
ta K
ids
Cou
nt p
rovi
des
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
asse
ssm
ents
of t
he c
ondi
tion
of M
inne
sota
's ,h
ildre
n.
-".
321
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
El i
c« th
an 1
0"0
El 1
010
0"(
,
111
20",
mid
ove
r
322
"If y
ou d
on't
unde
rsta
nd th
at m
y ch
ildre
nar
e yo
ur c
hild
ren,
that
my
child
ren'
sw
ell-
bein
g 15
tied
to y
ou a
nd y
our
child
ren'
s w
ell-
bein
g, w
e ha
ve a
pro
blem
." Mar
y A
zzah
ir,M
irmea
poti6
Way
to G
row
Exe
cutiv
e gi
rect
or,
Chi
ld P
over
ty R
ates
by
Rac
e in
Min
neso
ta19
90 C
ensu
s
100% 90
%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0%
;..;,.
..ST
CO
Pi3
L F
.
Am
ern
an
Indi
an
Airm
anA
mer
!, .in
ASI
JI1
Am
er' I
nO
ther
I Ola
l.1
111d
ICT
IH
ispa
nic
ill I
illO
t(a
ll la
s er
Fur
opea
nA
men
s an
%A
mer
ican
Indi
an c
hild
ren
54.8
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
49.5
%
Chi
ldre
n of
"ot
her"
rac
es/e
thni
c gr
oups
37.5
%
Asi
an a
nd P
acifi
c Is
land
er A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
nT
otal
chi
ldre
n of
col
or43
75
.1
Chi
ldre
n of
His
pani
c de
scen
t (al
l rac
es)
30.7
%
Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n9.
7%
323
Chi
ldre
n of
Col
or in
Min
neso
taB
ecau
se o
f the
"w
hite
-out
" ef
fect
of M
inne
sota
's o
verw
helm
ingl
y E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an p
opul
atio
n, th
e pl
ight
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
is o
ften
mas
ked.
In e
very
com
mun
ity, h
owev
er, c
hild
ren
of c
olor
are
far
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e po
or a
nd s
uffe
rfr
om in
adeq
uate
hou
sing
, uns
afe
neig
hbor
hood
s, a
nd la
ck o
f acc
ess
to h
ealth
care
than
are
chi
ldre
n of
Eur
opea
n de
scen
t.
8.5%
of M
inne
sota
's c
hild
ren
are
child
ren
of c
olor
. Whi
le th
e m
ajor
ity (
67.9
%)
live
in H
enne
pin
and
Ram
sey
coun
ties,
at l
east
som
e ch
ildre
n of
col
or li
ve in
each
of t
he o
ther
85
coun
ties,
Wel
l ove
r ha
lf of
Am
eric
an In
dian
chi
ldre
n,ch
ildre
n de
sign
ated
as
bein
g of
an
"oth
er"
race
, and
chi
ldre
n of
His
pani
c de
scen
tliv
e ou
tsid
e H
enne
pin
and
Ram
sey
coun
ties.
Look
ing
at th
ree
indi
cato
rs th
at to
geth
er il
lust
rate
the
cris
is fa
cing
chi
ldre
n of
colo
r, M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
find
s th
at c
hild
ren
of c
olor
ar,
far
mor
e lik
ely
than
chi
ldre
n of
Eur
opea
n de
scen
t to
be p
oor,
to b
e ho
rn a
t low
birt
hwei
ght,
and
to d
rop
out o
f sch
ool.
KIP
S C
OU
NT
find
ings
:
In 1
989,
45.
1% o
f chi
ldre
n of
col
or li
ved
in p
oor
fam
ilies
, as
com
pare
d w
ith9.
7% o
f Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n. In
six
cou
ntie
sC
lear
wat
er, I
tasc
a,
Kitt
son,
Lak
e of
the
Woo
ds, P
enni
ngto
n, a
nd R
ed L
ake
over
two-
third
s of
all c
hild
ren
of c
olor
wer
e po
or.
In 1
991,
9.1
% o
f chi
ldre
n of
col
or w
ere
horn
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
.5 p
ound
s,as
com
pare
d w
ith 4
.9%
of E
urop
ean
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren.
In n
ine
coun
ties
Bro
wn,
Cle
arw
ater
, Fre
ebor
n, H
enne
pin,
Itas
ca, L
ake,
Nob
les,
Olm
sted
, and
Ste
arns
over
10%
of n
ewbo
rns
of c
olor
wei
ghed
und
er 5
.5 p
ound
s. In
all
exce
pt o
ne o
f the
se c
ount
ies,
Ste
arns
, the
rat
e w
as o
ver
twic
e th
at fo
r w
hite
child
ren.
In 1
991,
the
prop
ortio
n of
chi
ldre
n of
col
or w
ho d
ropp
ed o
ut o
f sch
ool
10.3
%w
as o
ver
thre
e tim
es th
at o
f Eur
opea
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n2.
8%.
In fi
ve c
ount
ies
Chi
sago
, Cle
arw
ater
, Kan
diyo
hi, O
tter
Tai
l, an
d S
ible
yat
leas
t one
-fift
h of
all
child
ren
of c
olor
dro
pped
out
of s
choo
l.
The
Ful
l Rep
ort..
.M
inne
sota
Kid
s---
A C
lose
r Lo
ok is
the
first
ann
ual r
epor
t of M
inne
sota
KID
S C
OU
NT
. The
full
repo
rt
is 1
47 p
ages
and
det
ails
the
cond
ition
of c
hild
ren
in e
ach
of M
inne
sota
's 8
7 co
untie
s. A
dditi
onal
dat
a
on th
e ne
eds
of c
hild
ren
of c
olor
are
incl
uded
, as
wel
l as
a lis
t of a
ctio
ns in
divi
dual
s, p
olic
y m
aker
s an
d
corn
3u2t
it ca
n ta
ke to
impr
ove
the
lives
of c
hild
ren.
Ix O
ut M
a
Illse
dme
PU
P/
Um
bria
MP
S dna
May
IN C
ount
ies
in w
hich
pov
erty
rat
es fo
r ch
ildre
nof
col
or a
re h
ighe
r th
an th
e st
ate
aver
age
for
all c
hild
ren
(12.
4 %
,198
9)
To
orde
r a
full
repo
rt o
f Min
neso
ta W
s A
Clo
ser
Look
, sen
d $1
0 to
Con
greg
atio
ns C
once
rned
for
Chi
ldre
n, 1
22 W
. Fra
nklin
Ave
., M
pls.
MN
554
04, (
612)
870
-366
0 T
o or
der
an a
dditi
onal
cop
y of
the
sum
mar
y, s
end
$3 to
the
sam
e ad
dres
s.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
325
Min
neso
ta
DE
N1O
GR
AP
IIIC
S 1
1990
1
Fot
al p
opul
atio
n4,
424,
763
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
181,
167,
909
Afr
i Lan
Am
eric
ani6
,541
Am
eman
Indi
an19
,920
Asi
an A
mer
kan
14,3
76
-E
urop
ean
Am
erka
n....
..1,
068,
156
Oth
er.
....8
,916
rot a
ll 1,
11C
1)..
......
......
....2
1,61
3
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 6
406,
751
Med
ian
fam
ily !m
uffle
$i0,
111
1.0
( )N
( ),
11C
( 1
')9t»
1., (
mou
nt g
ro%
Nill
te...
.....
......
.7.
00/0
I "rr
,oi i
ndus
try
.S
ervi
Lo:
2 1.
4"10
Se
and
larg
est i
ndus
try
....I)
ural
)le g
oods
rilai
mfa
tturin
g:1
i.1".
i1r
huiti
st r
y.m
wt
1980
199
0)
Fas
test
...S
ervi
ies
Slo
wes
t
I inm
ploy
men
t rat
e W
O...
326
PER
CE
NT
CH
AN
GE
OV
ER
TIM
EW
orse
Bet
ter
)100
%)
0%)
)50%
) 0%
)0%
25%
50%
75s.
100% 1
Indi
cato
rs
Bas
eC
urre
nt
Yea
rY
ear
Es,
el,:
whe
re m
illia
rd19
8619
91
Fam
ily E
cono
mic
s
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
(197
9./9
89)
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s(1
980
V91
))
(:hi
ldre
n de
pend
ent o
n A
VI)
(:
Mar
e
Birt
h C
ircum
stan
ces
Cha
nge
10.2
%12
.4%
21.6
%
1 1.
8%16
2%
37. k
",,
8.9%
10.3
%15
.7%
36.8
qh
61W
1,
811'
40
1 2.
.01.
)
31.8
°,6
25.0
%
13.8
'411
25.2
%
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
unm
arrie
d pa
rent
s16
.3%
2 2.
3%
Chi
ldre
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
lbs
at b
irth
5.0%
5. i'
!()
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
mot
hers
und
er a
ge 1
82.
590
2,79
0
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn o
mot
hers
with
few
er th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of e
duca
tion
8.99
i)10
.0%
Sig
ns o
f Tro
uble
7,76
010
,224
:Iiild
ren
abus
ed a
nd n
egle
t. te
tt
0 'h
itche
r' dr
oppi
ng o
ut o
r sc
hool
2.8%
15'!0
1.hn
nt w
ari /
9.16
and
Poo
In
(.1t
iltlre
ns c
rimes
,iga
nist
peo
ple
5.8%
6.6'
hr
(I'm
' 199
1)
Chi
ldre
n tly
init,
vio
lent
ly26
6Ig
o
f1o,
boor
,,04
rInr
rin
efirr
irer
nror
de o
fro
w, r
r,,1
1f t
11,1
11(
?kr
(.,n
rryt
t Ind
<hm
vin,
,11,
try
rh, r
unne
l rom
r1,1
fec
Ill th
e 11
:111
3V
CI:I
rt n
n rle
h!M
ilt .1
1111
327
What Y
ou Can D
o to Help C
hildren"Ii) im
prove the lives of Minnesota's children, individuals, com
munities an,i policy
makers m
ust accept responsibility for all children in their comm
unities.Find out
about the children in your comm
unity by reading your county profile. Then
take one or more of these actions for children. For m
ore action ideas, see thefull
report,A
linnesota KitL
A (loser L
ook.
tan individual...
Spend time w
ith the children in yourlite.
Call the C
hild Advocates H
otline, 1-800-626-6108 for (;realer Minnesota, or
871-1473 in the Tw
in cities, to learn specific policy actions totake for
children.
As a com
munity...
Establish a parent-voter registration drive at schools, child care center,
clinics
and hospitals.O
ffer and promote parent education classes for all parents.
As a religious congregation...!fold
a Children's Sabbath to raise the visibility
of children's needs and gifts.
)11--er a parem break, child care program
, or after-school youth programtO
r
children in your comm
unity.
As an em
ployer...E
ncourage employees to volunteer at
their children's school, and to attend their
school programs and conferences during w
ork hours.Provide business skills and expertise t.) program
s serving children.
As the m
edia..Set and follow
improved standards for broadcasting sex and
violence.
Feature good news about children and fam
ilies of all races, cultures,and
incomes.
As an elected official...M
ake the needs of children a priority in work and action.
Use your position of leadership to bring com
munity resources together to help
children.
rere
-
rC
5-4;Z
)0 -C
rlH
^ 7.7t