DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 364 741 CE 065 306

TITLE Asexual Plant Reproduction. Agricultural LessonPlans.

INSTITUTION Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Dept. ofAgricultural Education and Mechanization.

PUB DATE 92NOTE 33p.; For related documents, see CE 065 307-311.PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For

Teacher) (052)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Agricultural Education; Behavioral Objectives;

Learning Activities; Lesson Plans; *Plant Growth;*Plant Propagation; *Reproduction (Biology);Secondary Education

ABSTRACTThese lesson plans are intended for use in conducting

classes on asexual plant reproduction. Presented first are anattention step/problem statement and a series of questions andanswers designed to convey general information about asexual plantreproduction/propagation. The following topics are among thosediscussed: plant reproduction methods, advantages of asexualreproduction, seven types of asexual reproduction, environmentalfactors needed for taking cuttings, favorable conditions for takingcuttings, processes occurring when a stem cutting is made, and stepsin taking successful cuttings. Also provided are the following: aglossary of pertinent scientific terms, four worksheets, answers tothe worksheets, two quizzes, answers to the quizzes, eight overheadtransparency masters, and lesson plans for conducting learningactivities on making a propagation pot, propagating plants by stemcuttings, and checking and caring for cuttings. Each lesson planincludes some or all of the following: objective, list of equipmentneeded, student activity record sheet, and detailed steps forcompleting the activity. (MN)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

from the original document.***********************************************************************

I Agricultural Lesson Plans

I ASEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION

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ATTENTION STEP/PROBLEM STATEMENT

A hahging basket of wandering jew (tradescantia) plant washanging above a window box. A piece of the plant broke offand fell into the window box. Several weeks later, a newwandering jew plant was growing in the window box. How didthe piece of wandering jew plant form a new plant?

ANSWER: The plant piece was able to generate roots anddevelop into a complete plant. This is called asexualreproduction.

General Information about Asexual Reproduction1. What are the two methods of plant reproduction ?

Plants are propagated either sexually or asexually. In thesexual reproduction of plants, the offspring is formed fromthe union of two cells and the offspring has two parents.

2. How many parent plants are needed for asexual reproduction ?In asexual reproduction there is only one parent. Theoffspring is formed by division from a cell or group ofcells coming from only one parent, so the offspring has thesame genes as the parent.

3. What is the chromosome make up of asexual plant reproduction ?In asexual reproduction, new plants have the samechromosomes as the parent plant. The parent plant andoffspring are identical. Plants do not vary genetically.

4. What are the Advantages of asexual propagation ?1. Offspring is genetically like the parent plant.2. Generally larger plants can be obtained more quickly

than with sexual propagation.3. Seedless plants can be propagated.

5. What are the types of asexual reproduction ?Types of asexual reproduction include vegetativereproduction, spores, and cell division in single-celledliving things.

6. How does vegetative reproduction occur ?In vegetative reproduction, a specialized organ is formed bythe parent and becomes detached and generates a newoffspring.

7. What are the seven types ofvegetative reproduction ?Common types of vegetative reproduction and examples ofplants that are propagated by these methods are:

1. runners - strawberry2. bulbs - tulips and onions3. tuber buds - potatoes4. cuttings - foliage plants5. grafting - fruit trees6. budding - fruit trees7. tissue culture - ornamentalsThe best method of propagation depends on plantspecies.

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8. What are plant cuttings ?Cuttings are one method of vegetative reproduction. Manyplants can be propagated by cuttings.

9. What plant parts can be used for cuttings ?The plant parts that can be used in cuttings include: stem,leaves and/or roots.

10. nat environmentalfactors are neededforcuttings ?Environmental factors necessary for cuttings to root areproper light levels, favorable moisture supply, optimumtemperature, and well drained rooting medium.

11. What conditions are most favorable for taking cuttings ?Cuttings should receive bright light, but not excessivelight.

The foliage of a cutting and its medium should not beallowed to dry out.

Temperature should be approximately 65° F - 75° F for mostcuttings that have leaves on them. Hardwood cuttingsrequire cool temperatures, approximately 40° F for rooting.

Media commonly used for cuttings include: soil, sand, peatmoss, shredded sphagnum moss, vermiculite, perlite, androoting foams or blocks.

12. What is propagation ?Propagation is the multiplication of plants by both sexualand asexual methods.

13. What occurs when a stem cutting is made ?When a plant is propagated by a stem cutting, a piece of astem is cut from the parent plant. There are both livingand dead plant cells at the cut surface of the stem cutting.When the stem cutting is removed from the parent plant, theliving cells at the cut surface of the stem cutting areinjured. The dead conducting cells of the xylem are openedand exposed to air. Xylem is the tissue that moves water upthe stem of the plant.

The living cells that have been injured at the cut surfacedie. This helps seal the wound and prevent the plant fromdrying out.

A corky material forms and further seals the wound and plugsthe xylem. When the xylem is plugged water cannot move upthe stem to the plant's leaves.

14. What happens to the living cells close to the cut ?The living cells close to the cut end of the cutting startdividing and multiplying. Sometimes, the stem may begin tothicken near the cut end of the cutting and form a callus.Not all plants develop a callus before they root.

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15. What are auxins ?The plant needs auxin in order for adventitious roots toform. Adventitious roots are the roots coming from any plantpart other than the seedling root and its branches. Auxin isfound in many plants but not in all plants. Auxin is agroup of plant growth regulators that cause the elongationof roots and shoots when present in low concentrations. Thestem cutting can be dipped in auxin if the plant does nothave sufficient auxin for rooting.

16. Where does root development begin ?Some of the living cells that are near the phloem cellsbegin forming roots cells. Phloem is the tissue that movesfood from the leaves of the plant down the stem. The rootcells divide and multiply. The root starts getting longerand emerges through the stem. The roots can then continueto grow into a root system.

17. How should cuttings be made ?Stem cuttings can be taken by cutting through the stem ofthe plant and removing the cutting from the plant. Cuttingsare usually 2 - 4 inches in lergth. It is important toremember how the stem cutting was positioned on the parentplant. The proximal end of the stem cutting, the endnearest the plant crown, is the end that must be stuck inthe medium for the stem cutting to root. The distal end ofthe plant is the end of the plant nearest the shoot tip.The distal end of the plant will not root if it is stuckinto the medium. A rooting compound, a substance applied toa cutting to aid in rooting, can be applied to the proximalend of the cutting before sticking into the medium.

18. What other steps are essential for cuttings to be successful?The lower leaves of a stem cutting are often removed beforesticking the cutting in the medium. One or two of the stemcutting's nodes, the point on the stem where the leaves areattached, should be stuck into the medium. A label, pencil,dowel, or other instrument is used to make one inch holes inthe medium where the cuttings will be stuck. The holes mustbe made before the cuttings are stuck to prevent injury tothe cuttings. Stem cuttings are stuck into the holes and themedium is firmed around the stem of the cutting.

GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS:Adventitious roots - roots coming from any plant part

other than the seedling root andits branches.

Asexual Reproduction - reproduction in which no sex cellsare involved.

Auxin - a group of plant growth regulatorsthat causes the elongation of rootsand shoots when present in lowconcentrations.

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Callus -

Cutting -

Distal -

Media -

Node -

Phloem -

a thickening of the stem beforeroots appear in some plant species.

a portion of a plant that has beencut from parent plant and will beused to produce a new offspring.

end of plant nearest the shoot tip.

material in which a plant is grown(ex. soil).

point on the stem where one or moreleaves are attached.

the conductive tissue in a plantthat carries sugars and mineralsfrom the leaves to other parts of aplant.

Plant Species - distinct kind of plant.

Propagation -

Proximal -

Rooting Compound -

Spores -

VegetativeReproduction -

Xylem -

multiplication of plants by bothsexual and asexual methods.

end of plant nearest the crown ofthe plant.

any substance that is applied to acutting to aid in rooting.

a single cell that is able to growinto a new organism (ex.mushrooms).

form of asexual reproduction inwhich specialized organs formed bythe parent become detached andgenerate a new offspring.

the conductive tissue in a plantthat carries water up the stem fromthe roots to the leaves.

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Work Sheet A

Directions:

Complete the following questions.

1. Plants that have been reproduced sexually haveparent(s), while plants that have been reproduced asexuallyhave parent(s).

2. Plants that are propagated asexually have thechromosomes as the parent plant.

3. The three types of asexual reproduction are:a.b.c.

4. In ,a specialized organ is formed bythe parent and becomes detached and generates a newoffspring.

5. Four common types of vegetative reproduction are:

a.b.c.d.

6. Three plant parts that can be used in cuttings are:

a.b.C.

7. Four environmental factors necessary for mIttings to rootare:a.b.C.d.

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WORK SHEET

Directions:

The answers to the following fill-in-the blank questions areterms which have something to do with asexual reproduction.Choose the term from the word list below that best answers eachquestion. Each term may be only used once.

Word List:

adventitious rootsasexual reproductionauxincalluscuttingdistalmedianode

Fill-in-the-blank:

phloemplant speciespropagationproximalrooting compoundsporesvegetative reproductionxylem

1. The point on the stem where one or more leaves are attachedis called a

2. is a type ofreproduction in which no sex cells are involved and theoffspring has only one parent.

3. A is a portion of a plant that hasbeen cut from the parent plant and will be used to produce anew offspring.

4. is the multiplication of plants by eithersexual or asexual methods.

5. A is any substance that isapplied to a cutting to aid in rooting.

6. The roots coming from any plant part other than the seedlingroot are called

7. Sometimes on a cutting a , or athickening of the stem appears before roots appear.

6

8. are a type of asexual reproductionoccurring in mushrooms and ferns where a single cell is ableto grow into a new organism.

9. is the conductive tissue in a plant thatcarries sugars and minerals from the leaves to other partsof a plant.

10. The end of plant is the end nearest theshoot tip.

11. are a group of plant growth regulatorsthat can cause the elongation of roots and shoots oncuttings when present in low concentrations.

12. In , specializedorgans formed by the parent become detached and generate anew offspring.

13. Plants may be grown in many different types of,including soil, sand and soilless mix.

14. The end of plant is the end nearestthe crown of the plant.

15. are distinct kinds of plants.

16. is the conductive tissue in aplant that carries water up the stem from the roots to theleaves.

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Work Sheet

Directions:

Answer the following questions with True or False.

1. The living cells that have been injured at the cutsurface of a stem cutting die.

2. The wound on a stem cutting is sealed by deadcells and a corky material.

3. After a stem cutting has been taken, the phloemcells become plugged and water is unable to moveup the phloem tissue to the plant's leaves.

4. A callus must form on the end of a stem cutting inorder for roots to form.

5. Auxin is needed for adventitious roots to form onstem cuttings.

6. Auxin cannot be applied to a stem cutting to aidin rooting.

7. Root cells begin forming near phloem cells at thebase of a stem cutting.

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WORK SHEET D:STUDENT REVIEW

1. Define asexual reproduction.

2. List 3 examples of asexual reproduction.

3. Name 4 tl.pes of vegetative reproduction.

4. What plant parts can be used for cuttings?

5. What factors are necessary for favorable rooting ofcuttings?

6. How is the cut end of a cutting sealed after the cutting istaken?

7. Why is auxin important to stem cuttings?

8. Where do roots begin to form on stem cuttings?

9. Describe the procedure used in taking cuttings.

10. How do you stick stem cuttings properly?

11. How should cuttings be removed from the medium?

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ii

Work Sheet ADirections:Complete the following questions.

1. Plants that have been reproduced sexually have 2parent(s), while plants that have been reproduced asexuallyhave / parent(s).

2. Plants that are propagated asexually have the munechromosomes as the parent plant.

3. The three types of asexual reproduction are:a. CO Divi Won in singiommiled &Me thingsb. Stares

c. Ve2etative Reproduction

4. In EgmgrALEARygffigka,a specialized organ is formed by theparent and becomes detached and generates a new offspring.

5. Four common types of vegetative reproduction are:

a . Students nwy ampar with arty 4 or the following:rummer& b04.. Mier bud&

c. addAgtenlithd. buddivtisstmcukure

6. Three plant parts that can be used in cuttings are:

a. stem

b. leaves

c . roots

7. Four environmental factors necessary for cuttings to rootare:a. prover lit& levels (bright but not crcessive light)

b. favorable moisture sqpply (cuttings should not dry out)c. olimum temperatures (65°F - 75°F)d. well-drained rootin2 mdium

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WORK SHEET BDirections:The answers to the following fill-in-the blank questions areterms which have something to do with asexual reproduction.Choose the term from the word list below that best answers eachquestion. Each term may be only used once.

Word Ust:adventitious rootsasexual reproductionauxincalluscuttingdistalmedianode

Fill-in-the-blank:

phloemplant speciespropagationproximalrooting compoundsporesvegetative reproductionxylem

1. The point on the stein where one or more leaves are attachedis called a node

2. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproductionin which no sex cells are involved and the offspring hasonly one parent.

3. A crating is a portion of a plant that has beencut from the parent plant and will be used to produce a newoffspring.

4. Promation is the multiplication of plants by eithersexual or asexual methods.

5. A rootimgcompound is any substance that isapplied to a cutting to aid in rooting.

6. The roots coming from any plant part other than the seedlingroot are called adventitious roots

7 Sometimes on a cutting a caus , or athickening of the stem appears before roots appear.

8. Spores are a type of asexual reproductionoccurring in mushrooms and ferns where a single cell is ableto grow into a new organism.

9. Pkkom is the conductive tissue in a plant thatcarries sugars and minerals from the leaves to other partsof a plant.

10. The distal end of plant is the end nearest theshoot tip.

11. Auxins are a group of plant growth regulatorsthat can cause the elongation of roots and shoots oncuttings when present in low concentrations.

12. In vegetative reproduction , specialized organsformed by the parent become detached and generate a newoffspring.

13. Plants may be grown in many different types ofIned1W ,including soil, sand and soilless mix.

14. The proximal end of plant is the end nearest thecrown of the plant.

15. Plant Species are distinct kinds of plants.

16. Xylein is the conductive tissue in aplant that carries water up the stem from the roots to theleaves.

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Work Sheet

Directions:

Answer the following questions with True or False.

True 1.

True 2.

False 3.

False 4.

True 5.

False__

True

6.

7.

The living cells that have been injured at the cutsurface of a stem cutting die.

The wound on a stem cutting is sealed by deadcells and a corky material.

After a stem cutting has been taken, the phloemcells become plugged and water is unable to moveup the phloem tissue to the plant's leaves.

A callus must form on the end of a stem cutting inorder for roots to form.

Auxin is needed for adventitious roots to form onstem cuttings.

Auxin cannot be applied to a stem cutting to aidin rooting.

Root cells begin forming near phloem cells at thebase of a stem cutting.

WORK SHEET D:STUDENT REVIEW

1. Define asexual reproduction.Asexual Reproduction is repnxluction in which no sex cells are involve4.

2. List 3 examples of asexual reproduction.Vegetative Reproduction, Spores, and Cell division in single-celled living things are three

examples of asaual reproduction.

3. Name 4 types of vegetative reproduction.Students may list any 4 of the following: Runners, Bulbs, Tuber Buds, Cuttings,

Greing, Budding, or Tissue Culture.

4. What plant parts can be used for cuttings?Stem, leaves, and roots can be used as cuttings.

5. What factors are necessary for favorable rooting of

cuttings?Cuttings need bright light, favorable moisture supply, optimum temperatures ( 65° F to

75° 1), and well &wined rooting medium.

6. How is the cut end of a cutting sealed after the cutting is

taken?The living cells at the cut stuface die and a corky material forms and further seals the

wound.

7. Why is auxin important to stem cuttings?Auxin is needed in order for adventitious roots to fonn.

8. Where do roots begin to form on stem cuttings?Root cells begin forming near the phloem tissue.

9. Describe the procedure used in taking cuttings.A cutting should be removed from the parent plant with a sharp, clean knife.

10. How do you stick stem cuttings properly?Make a one inch deep hole in the medium with a label or other instrument. Stick stemcuttings in hole. Firm medium around the stem.

11. How should cuttings be removed from the medium?

Cuttings should be lifted out of the medium by placing a label or trowel under thecutting and Wing them out.

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Quizl

A. Matching:Match the best definition with each term.

1. Sporesa.

2. Asexual Reproduction

3. VegetativeReproduction b.

4. Cuttings c.

d.

form of asexualreproduction in whichspecialized organs formedby the parent becomedetached and generate anew offspringa single cell that isable to grow into a neworganismplant stem, leaves, orroots that have been cutfrom parent plant andwill be used to produce anew offspringreproduction in which nosex cells are involved

B. True or False:

5. Cuttings need well-drained medium, cold temperatures,favorable moisture supply, and full sun to root.

6. Dead cells and a corky material seals the wound on thecut end of a stem cutting.

C. Fill-in-the-blank:7. A stem cutting needs in order for adventitious

roots to form.

8. One common method of vegetative reproduction is

9. In order for a stem cutting to root, some of the livingcells near the cells must begin formingroot cells.

D. Short Answer:

10. Name 3 plant parts that can be used for cuttings.

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Quiz 2

A. Matching:1. media

2. node

3. auxin

a. group of plant growthregulators that cause theelongation of roots andshoots when present inlow concentrations

b. material in which a plantis grown

c. point on the stem whereone or more leaves areattached

B. True or False:

4. Check cuttings for rooting once a week bygrasping the cuttings with your fingers andpulling the cuttings from the medium.

5. A label or other instrument should be used tomake one inch holes in the medium beforecuttings are stuck.

6. When using stem cuttings in experiments, usecuttings with the same amount of foliage, andare the same length and same diameter toaccurately compare treatments.

C. Fill-in-the-blank:

7. Stem cuttings should be approximatelyinches in length.

8. Additional auxin may be applied to a cutting byapplying a , such asIBA (indolebutyric acid).

9. A can be used to providemore humid conditions to cuttings at home or school.

D. Short Answer:

10. Explain the procedure for applying IBA to cuttings.

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I s

Quiz 1

A. Matching:Match the best definition with each term.

b 1. Spores

2. Asexual Reproduction

a 3. VegetativeReproduction

4. Cuttings

a. form of asexualreproduction in whichspecialized organs formedby the parent becomedetached and generate anew offspring

b. a single cell that isable to grow into a neworganism

c. plant stem, leaves, orroots that have been cutfrom parent plant andwill be used to produce anew offspring

d. reproduction in which nosex cells are involved

B. True or False:Paisw 5. Cuttings need well-drained medium, cold temperatures,

favorable moisture supply, and full sun to root.

Trim 6. Dead cells and a corky material seals the wound on thecut end of a stem cutting.

C. Fill-in-the-blank:7. A stem cutting needs amdn in order for adventitious

roots to form.

R. One common method of vegetative reproduction isrunners. bulbs. tuber buds, cuttings. grafting, budding, or tissue culture.

9. In order for a stem cutting to root, some of the livingcells near the phkent cells must begin formingroot cells.

D. Short Answer:10. Name 3 plant parts that can be used for cuttings.

Roots, Leaves, and Stem

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Quiz 2

A. Matching:a. group of plant growth

b 1. media regulators that cause theelongation of roots andshoots when present in

2. node low concentrationsb. material in which a plant

is growna 3. auxin c. point on the stem where

one or more leaves areattached

B. True or False:Ake 4. Check cuttings for rooting once a week by

grasping the cuttings with your fingers andpulling the cuttings from the medium.

True 5. A label or other instrument should be used tomake one inch holes in the medium beforecuttings are stuck.

True 6. When using stem cuttings in experiments, usecuttings with the same amount of foliage, andare the same length and same diameter toaccurately compare treatments.

C. Fill-in-the-blank:7. Stem cuttings should be approximately 2-4

inches in length.

8. Additional auxin may be applied to a cutting byapplying a roodmrcommnd , such as IBA(indolebutyric acid).

9. A proyagationpot can be used to provide more humidconditions to cuttings at home or school.

D. Short Answer:10. Explain the procedure for applying IBA to cuttings.

Dip the cut end of the proximal end into rooting compound. Tap excessrooting compound from the cutting.

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Teaching Note: Demonstrate taking stem cuttings, applying rooting compound, and

sticking stem cuttings to the students.The following plant list includes some of the herbaceous plantsthat can it propagated Ay stem cuttings.chtysanthemwns avnationswieus Pawivy wmedenWgjew

geounium inwatiems

philodendron pod=begonia poinseuia

)(AXING A PROPAGATION POTa. Purpos: to learn how to make a propagation pot.

The humidity level in homes and schools istoo dry for most cuttings to survive.Commercially, cuttings are stuck in media andare placed under a mist system or fog systemto root. A propagation pot is one way toprovide cuttings with high humidity in theclassroom or home.

b. What Each Student Needs:

One Plastic Pot (6 1.4 111)

One Clay Pot (3 inch)One small corkVermiculite (enough to fill the 6 inch pot)Paper TowelWater-Proof Marker

0. Nerees Now:1. Get a 6" plastic pot. Write your name on pot with

water-proof marker.

2. Put a paper towel in the bottom of the pot to keepvelAiculite from falling out of the drainage holes.

3. Fill the pot to an inch from the top with vermiculite.

4. Get one 3" clay pot.

5. Plug the drainage hole in the 3 inch pot with a cork.

6. Insert the clay pot (right side up) into thevermiculite. (The rim of the clay pot should be abovethe vermiculite).

7. Water the vermiculite thoroughly.

8. Fill the clay pot with water.The propagation pot is now ready to use.

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PROPAGATING PLANTS BY STEN CUTTINGS

a. Purpose: to learn how to take stem cuttings.to learn how to stick stem cuttings.

b. What Each Student Needs:herbaceous plantknifelabelspaper towelpermanent markerrooting compoundpropagation pot

c. Here's How:1. Use the stock plant that your teacher has assigned.

2. Examine the plant and locate stems where cuttings canbe taken.

Note: Knives should be disinfected before each we to prevent the spread of diseasefrom one plant to another. To disinfect knives, dip them into a bleach solutionmade at the rate of I part of household bkach to 4 parts water. Otherdisinfectants may be substituted.

3. Remove 6 uniform stem cuttings from the stock plant bymaking a clean cut through the stem with a disinfectedknife. Cuttings should be the same length, same stemdiameter, and have the same amount of foliage toachieve accurate comparison of treatments.

Note: Do not allow stem cuttings to dry out before sticking them into the medium.

Note:

4. Remember which ends of the stem cuttings are theproximal and distal ends.

To prevent the contamination of the entire jar of IBA, pour a small amount ofIBA onto a paper plate or other container. The students can then dip theircuttings into the IBA on the paper plate. At the completion of the activity, thepaper plate and any remaining IBA should be discarded in the trash. ITSHOULD NOT BE PUT BACK INTO THE JAR OF IBA.

5. Dip the cut surface of the proximal ends of threecuttings into rooting compound. The rooting compoundyou are using contains a synthetic auxin called IBA(indolebutyric acid) and talc. Make sure you tap anyexcess rooting compound from the cutting. Too muchauxin can have an herbicide effect on the cutting andcause it too die.

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1

6. Remove bottom set of leaves on cuttings.

Note: Cuttings should be stuck in preformed holes in the medium. ff cuttings aredirect& stuck into the medium, injury to the cuttings may result.

7. Make six holes about one-inch deep into the vermiculitein the propagation pot with a label.

8. Stick proximal end of the treated cuttings into theholes and firm vermiculite around cutting. Try to haveone of the plant's nodes in the vermiculite.

9. Write your name, date, treatment, and name of plantspecies on label with pencil and insert it intovermiculite near the treated cuttings.

10. Stick proximal end of the untreated cuttings into theholes and firm vermiculite around cutting. Try to haveone of the plant's nodes in the vermiculite.

11. Write your name, date, treatment, and name of plantspecies on label with pencil and insert intovermiculite near the untreated cuttings.

12. Place propagation pot with the cuttings in a warm,bright place.

13. Clean up your work area.

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STUDENT ACTIVITY - RECORD SHEETA.Observations:Check cuttings at least once a week and noteRecord observations and make a sketch of theweek.

Control Groupof Cuttings

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

any roots forming.root formation each

Cuttings WithIBA Treatment

Predictions:1. Which group of cuttings will root the quickest?

2. Why do you think this group will root the quickest?

3. What environmental conditions might affect the rooting ofthe cuttings?

C. Conclusions:1. Which group of cuttings rooted the quickest?

2. Why do you think this group rooted the quickest?

3. What environmental conditions affected 'lie rooting of thecuttings?

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CRICKING AND CARING FOR STIR CUTTINGS

a. Purpose: to learn how to check and care for stem cuttings.

b. What Each Student Needs:

propagation pot with stem cuttingswaterlabel

C. Here's Row:

1. Keep the clay pot inside the propagation pot filledwith water. Do not water the vermiculite after it hasinitially been moistened.

2. Check cuttings at least once a week to see if they haverooted by using a label to lift cuttings fromvermiculite. Make sure you place label under thecutting and gently lift (like serving a piece of pie).Do not check cuttings by pulling out the cutting withyour fingers because you could tear roots off thecutting.

3. Compare the rooting speed of the treatments. Recordyour observations on the Student Activity - 2 RecordSheet.

4. Cuttings can be removed once they have developed anadequate root system.

5. To remove cuttings once they have rooted:a. Remove cuttings from propagation pot by

lifting them out with a label.b. Shake off excess vermiculite from cuttings.

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SEVEN COMMON TYPES OFVEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION

1. RUNNERS

2. BULBS

3. TUBER BUDS

4. CUTTINGS

5. GRAFTING

6. BUDDING

7. TISSUE CULTURE

PLANT PARTS USED FORCUTTINGS:

STEM

LEAVES

ROOTS

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

BRIGHT LIGHT

FAVORABLE MOISTURE

OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE

WELL-DRAINED MEDIUM

1

CALLUS:

1 1. IS A THICKENING OF THESTEM.

12. SOMETIMES FORMS NEAR

THE CUT END OF THE STEM1 CUTTING.

1 3. IS NOT NECESSARY FORI ROOTING.

OH4

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ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS:

1. ORIGINATE NEAR THEPHLOEM CELLS ON THEPROXIMAL END OF THECUll'ING.

2. EMERGE THROUGH THESTEM AFTER ROOTCELLS MULTIPLY ANDDIVIDE.

3. NEED AUXIN TO FORM.

OH6

HOW TO TAKE A STEM CUTTING

1

1 1. MAKE A CLEAN CUTTHROUGH THE STEM.

2. USE A CLEAN KNIFE.

3. CUTTINGS SHOULD BE 2I 4 INCHES IN LENGTH.

1 4. REMOVE LOWER LEAVES.

1

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A COMPLETED LABEL:

1. NEEDS TO BE WRITTEN INPENCIL.

2. SHOULD INCLUDE THE:

a. STUDENT'S NAME.

b. THE DATE.

c. ANY SPECIALTREATMENTS.

d. NAME OF THE PLANT.

OH8

CHECKING CUTTINGS

CHECK WEEKLY.

PLACE LABEL UNDER ROOTSAND LIFT CUTTINGS TOCHECK.

STICK CUTTINGS BACK INMEDIUM UNTIL THEY ROOT.

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