DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 086 805 CE 000 819

TITLE Report: Basic Facts About Military Service.INSTITUTION High School News Service (DOD), Great Lakes, Ill.PUB DATE [73]NOTE 67p.

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

ABSTRACT

MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29*Armed Forces; Career Education; *CareerOpportunities; *High School Students; Newsletters;Occupational Information; Programs; *YouthOpportunities

The purpose of the report is to inform students,through counselors and advisers, of opportunities andresponsibilities in the Armed Forces. The topics covered are:missions of the Armed Forces, the selective service system,enlistment programs, reserve components, commissioning programs,auxiliary benefits, women in the Armed Forces, and basic facts aboutservice life. Short articles are also presented on: pay andallowances, educational programs (about 40 programs), work-studyprograms and occupational fields. The career fields section takes upabout half the document and gives job descriptions in terms ofresponsibilities, qualifications, and examples of civilian jobs forover 200 specific service occupations. (DS)

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High School News Service Report School Year 1973 - 74

(A Unified Activity of the Department of Defense)

This issue of REPORT is designed primarily asa reference source for counselors and others whoare called upon to furnish students with specificinformation of current personnel programs of theUnited States Armed Forces.

Other issues during the school year contain illus-trated articles featuring various facets of modernmilitary techniques, organization, and specializedskills required of men and women in uniform. today.Limited 'numbers of reprints are available withoutcharge upon request,

HIGH SCHOOL NEWS SERVICE REPORTPublished monthly during the school year by the High

School News Service, a Department of Defense activitylocated at Great Lakes, Illinois, and distributed free ofcharge to high schools, colleges and universities requestingthe service.

Purpose of the HSNS REPORT is to inform students,through counselors and advisors, of. their responsibilitiesand opportunities in the Armed Forces of tie United Statesof America. Any material appearing herein may be re-printed. Printed with appropriated funds in compliancewith NAVEXOS P-35.

Use of funds for printing NAVSO P-2429 was approvedby the Director of the Office of Management and Budget,September 15, 1970.

Director Captain R. M. Mc Cool, USNDeputy Director Captain E. L. Williams, USASenior Editor Gunnery Sergeant T. D. Stephens, USMC

Service EditorsSenior Chief Journalist Paul Rokhgeb USNGunnery Sergeant Steve Stephens USMCStaff Sergeant George Shuttleworth USAStaff Sergeant Paul Zimmerli USAF

Make-up EditorStaff Sergeant George Shuttleworth USA

Circulation ManagerStaff Sergeant Clifford Shortridge USAF

Suggestions and comments on any of the ma-terial published by the High School News Serviceshould. be addressed to:

DirectorDepartment of DefenseHigh School News ServiceBuilding 1-BGreat Lakes, Illinois 60088

CONTENTS

Topic Page

Missions of the Armed Forces 2ArmyNavyAir ForceMarine CorpsCoast Guard

The Selective. Service System 4Classification.Preinduction Processing

Enlistment Programs 5

Reserve Components 6Enlisted Reserve ProgramsNational GuardJunior ROTC

Commissioning Proranw 9The Federal AcademiesReserve Officer Training (ROTC)Officer Candidate SchoolsDirect AppointmentsFlight Training Programs

Auxiliary Benefits 17

Women in the Armed Forces 17General InformationCommissioning Opportunities

Basic Facts About Service Life 20Basic TrainingPersonnel AssignmentsUniformsLeavePromotionReligionMilitary Justice

Pay and Allowances 24

Military Pay Scales 25

Survivors Benefits. 27Aid to Orphans and Widows

Veterans Assistance Act 30

Advanced Educational Programs 31

Medical Programs 35

Cooperative Work-Study Programs 38ASVAB 39Service Schools 39

Armed Forces Career (Occupational) Fields 40Army 40Navy and Coast Guard 47Air Force 55Marine Corps 60

1

**swimsof the

Armed forcesThe President of the United States is the

Commander in Chief of all the U. S. Armed Forces.He is assisted by the Secretary of Defense and thevarious civilian service secretaries. Under theircivilian leaders, the armed services have the missionof supporting the foreign policy of the UnitedStates and defending it against all enemies, foreignand domestic. In the accomplishment of thisgeneral mission, each of the armed services hasdistinctly different assigned responsibilities. How-aver, each of the services also gives maximumassistance to the others in carrying out overalldefense missions.

U. S. ArmyThe role and mission of the U.S. Army is to.

organize, train and equip Army forces, both activeand reserve, primarily to conduct prompt andsustained combat operations on land. Armycombat and combat support forces help preservepeace and security, defend the nation and accomp-lish the land power tasks of the United States. TheArmy must be prepared to:

Fight and defeat enemy forces.Gain control of the enemy and their land.Conduct airborne, airmobile and amphibious

operations.Provide Army Air Defense units to defend

the United States and its combat forces againstenemy air atacks.

Establish initial military government in occu-pied territories pending transfer of responsibility toother authority.

Support U.S. programs of security assistanceto allies.

Conduct research, development and evalua-tion of combat vehicles, equipment, clothing,

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aircraft, rockets, missiles, and other weapon andsupport systems.

Administer civil works programs for protect-ing the environment and improving waterwaynavigation, flood control, beach erosion controland water resource development in the UnitedStates, its territories and its possessions.

Support National Civil Defense functions andwhen directed provide military assistance to feder-al, state and local government agencies.

Further social nrogre56 through equal oppor-tunity rzlici cooperation within the Army.

Today's Army has over 791,000 officers andenlisted men in the active Army, and is authorized400,000 in the National Guard and 260,000 in theArmy Reserve. The active Army is authorized 13combat divisions, has over 9,500 aircraft andemploys about 440;000 civilians in support ofmilitary functions.

U. S. Navy

The role and mission of the United States Navyis to organize, train and equip naval forces toconduct prompt and sustained combat operationsat sea including operations of sea-based aircraft andland-based naval air components to:

Provide a strategic nuclear deterrent.Control important sea areas and protect vital

sea lines of communication.Project military forces overseas and maintain

the capability of extending our national poweracross the oceans.

Maintain overseas presence, assuring othernations that the United States has an interest instrategic areas and has the capability to support itsallies.

In the face of growing Soviet seapower, the

Navy plays an increasing role in support of U.S.foreign policy and the defense of our country. Inaddition, the Navy conducts research and develop-ment into such fields as weapons, ships, aircraft,rockets and missiles, and inner and outer-spaceexploration. To accomplish these tasks, the Navynow has about 580,000 officers and enlistedpersonnel, 600 ships, 6,600 aircraft, over '200 basesand 330,000 civilian employees.

The 566,000 members of the Naval Reserveprovide an experienced force that could be calledinto action in the event of war or nationalemergency. Of these, 340,000 are available forimmediate service.

U. S. Air ForceThe U.S. Air Force has the primary mission of

organizing, training and equipping Air Force unitsfor prompt and sustained offensive and defensivecombat operations in the atmosphere or in spacenecessary to defeat enemy military forces.

It is organized on a functional basis into 15major commands and seven separate operatingagencies manned by more than 700,000 officersand enlisted personnel, and a ready reserve ofapproximately 370,000 personnel in the Air ForceReserve and Air National Guard.

The Air Force must have the ability to:

Gain and maintain general aerospace supre-macy for the nation.

Defend the United States against, attack;defeat enemy forces; and control vital aerospaceareas.

Conduct strategic aerospace warfare.

Furnish close combat and logistical supportto the armed forces as required, including airlift,support and tactical reconnaissance, and inter-diction of enemy military forces and lines ofcommunications.

Provide air transport for the armed forcesand other government agencies.

Provide research, development, test and engi-neering o f Department of Defense military spacedevelopment programs.

Provide research, development and operationof all reconnaissance satellite systems.

U. S. Marine CorpsThe Marine Corps is one of the two services in

the Department of the Navy. The Marine Corps isorganized, trained and equipped to provide FleetMarine Forces of combined arms, together withsupporting air components, for service with thefleet in the seizure or defense of advanced navalbases and for the conduct of such land operationsas may be essential to the prosecution of a navalcampaign.

Aside from its role as an amphibious assaultforce, the Marine Corps may be called upon to"perform such other duties as the President maydirect." There are over 190,000 Marine officersand enlisted personnel on active duty. A trainedreserve of about 250,000 members augments theCorps.

To support its landing forces, the Marine Corpshas its own combat air arm consisting of jetfighters, attack- bombers, transports and helicop-ters.

Marine Corps combat forces include three com-bat divisions and three aircraft wings, which arenormally paired a division with a wing -- intoair-ground teams.

A division-wing team is located on both the eastand west coasts of the United States. Units of theseteams are regularly stationed with the U.S. SixthFleet in the Mediterranean and the U.S. SecondFleet in the Caribbean. The third is deployed in theFar East.

U.S. Coast Guard

The Coast Guard's missions revolve primarilyaround the word "help."

Each year the Coast Guard provides maritimesearch and rescue faciqies to help stranded priv-ately and commercially owned vessels and aircraft;sets standar& for and instructs millions of pleasureboatmen in order to help make boating a safesport; operates a worldwide chain of aids to helpguide ships and aircraft safely to their destinations;provides port security units to prevent shipboarddisasters in U.S. ports; operates the InternationalIce Patrol; enforces federal laws on the high seasand waters subject to jurisdiction of the UnitedStates.

The Coast Guard also acts as the nation's task

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force in detecting and supervising the cleanup ofoil spills and maritime pollutiOn; enforces maritimeconservation laws; collects and analyzes oceano-graphic and meteorological data.

During time of war, the Coast Guard functions

as a specialized service within the Navy.In order to carry out its vast responsibilities, the

Coast Guard maintains a fleet of ships, aircraft andboats, as well as a chain of shore stations both inthe U.S. and abrot-J.

Selective Service SystemThe Selective Service System is a means em-

ployed by the government to keep the nation'sArmed Forces at prescribed levels of strength. The"draft" system of conscription was allowed tolapse on July 1, 1973, bringing to a standstill againa system that was enacted in 1917.

But, even with the "zero draft" and "all-voluntary service" concepts, the Selective ServiceSystem is kept alive and available for service in caseof an emergency or re-institution by Congress. To

accomplish this, a drawing is conducted each yearfor the purpose of assigning random sequencenumbers to those registrants who attain the 19thanniversary of their dates of birth during thecalendar year. These numbers are also permanentfor the registrants included in the drawing.

Registration -- By law, every male U.S. citizenmust register with Selective Service within 30 daysof (before or after) his 18th birthday. Aliensshould check with the nearest local Selective

Class I A

Class 1 A 0

Class 1 C

Class 1 D

Class 1

Class 1 0

Class 2 A

Class 2 C

Class 2 D

Scicctivc Scrvicc Systcm Classifications

CLASS 1

Registrant available for military service

Conscientious objector registrant availablefor noncombatant military service only

Member of the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates, the Nationai Oceanic and Atmos-pheric Administration or the PublicHealth Service

Qualified member of the reserve com-ponent, or student taking military train-ing, including ROTC and accepted avia-tion cadet applicant

Registrant not current subject to processingfor induction.

Conscientious objector available for alter-nate service contributing to the mainte-nance of the national health, safety, orinterest in lieu of induction into theArmed Forces of the United States.

CLASS 2

Registrant deferred because of civilian oc-cupation (other than agriculture) or non-degree study

Registrant deferred because of argiculturaloccupation

Registrant deferred because of study pre-paring for the ministry

Class 2 M

Class 2 S

Class 3 A

Class 4 A

Class 4 B

Class 4 C

Lass 4 D

Class 4 F

Class 4 G

Class 4 W

Registrant deferred because of study pre-paring for a medical seeciality

Registrant deferred because of activity instudy

CLASS 3

Registrant deferred by reason of extremehardship to dependents and registrantwith a child or children

CLASS 4

Registrant with sufficient prior service tosatisfy the requirements of law (veteran)

Official deferred by law

Alien not currently liable for military ser-vice

Minister of religion

Registrant not qualified for military service

Registrant exempt from service during pea,:e(surviving son or brother)

Conscientious objector who has completedalternate service contributing to themaintenance of the national health, safe-ty, or interest in 1;deu of induction intothe Armed Forces of the United States.

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Service Board on registration procedures. Regis-trants must keep local boards informed of theircurrent addresses and changes in their situation.

Classification-- Local boards classify registrantson the basis of information supplied by theregistrants and other sources. Classifications listedin the chart below are not permanent and arerevised to meet changing requirements. An individ-ual who believes he has been improperly classifiedis free to appeal, within certain time limits, thedecision of the local draft board.

Preinduction Processing -- This processing con-sists of a physical examination and the Armed

Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). If an examineescores between 30 and 100 on the Armed 'ForcesQualification Test, he is considered as havingpassed the mental requirement. If he scores be-tween 10 and 30, he is given an additional test.Tests are given at Armed Forces examining centers.

Note: For further information con-cerning Selective Service, contact anylocal Selective Service Board -)r theOffice of Public information, SelectiveService System, 1724 "F" St. N. W.,Washington DC 20435.

Enlistment ProgramsEnlistment procedures for all the branches of

the Armed Forces are similar, with the followingexceptions:

Programs offered by the services differ in lengthof enlistment and also the opportunities for theselection of specific training and assignments.

Each service has its own recruiters to interviewthe protpuctive military man or woman initially.He is interested primarily in learning as muchabout the applicant his or her background,abilities and interests -- as possible.

When the interview of the candidate is com-pleted a general-knowledge type qualification testfollows.

Applicants born abroad of an American parentor parents are required to provide proof ofcitizenship. A birth certificate of the applicant,Social Security card, high school diploma and draftcard -- if registered with Selective Service -- are fourimportant documents needed before enlistmentcan be completed.

After the individual's background data ischecked and all other requirements met, he or sheis sent, at government expense, to an ArmedForces Examining and Entrance Station. Therethey must pass a rigid physical examination andArmed Forces Qualification Test before enlist-ment.

With these successfully passed and behind them,applicants are enlisted and sent to a recruit trainingcenter where their military career begins.

Note: Additional enlistment programs for

women are covered in the chapter headed "Womenin the Armed Forces."

Army enlistment terms are three, four, five andsix years. A two year period of enlistment, withouta choice of training, is available to men. Applicantsfor specific options are given qualification tests forenlistment. The results of these tests are used toconfirm or to deny the applicant's suitability forthe training or school of his choice, and they formthe basis for the option selected as the enlistedcommitment.

Qualified applicants may choose specific areas oftraining from approximately 300 jobs. High schoolgraduates are guaranteed, in writing, assignment tothe service school of their choice providing theymeet prerequisites for course attendance, andquotas are available. Additionally, qualified appli-cants may be guaranteed prior to enlistment suchspecific assignments as the Strategic Communica-tions Command, Security Agency, Ranger andairborne training, combat arms, Air Defense Com-mand, Army bands, Europe, special intelligenceduties and language training. The age requirementfor enlistment is 17-34 for men and 18-34 forwomen.

Navy enlistment terms are normally for four,five or six years. Under the new seafare and airmenprogram, a man can enlist for three years with aguarantee of U.S. coast choice for sea duty.Qualified high school and junior college graduatesmay request a specialty field with a guarantee of

5

service school training. Qualified graduates ofvocational programs may request a particular Navyspecialty, but with no request of a service school.Advance pay grades (E-2 and E-3) are available tosome vocational school graduates and applicantswho have one or two years of junior college.

Air Force enlistments are four or six-year activeservice terms. Applicants take the Armed SrirvicesVocational Aptitude Battery or an Airman Quali-fying Examination to determine in which of thefour areas (mechanical, administrative, general orelectronics) the enlistee is qualified to serve.

Training and career field assignments dependupon Air Force requirements related to the enlist-ee's aptitudes and desires. Under the GuaranteedJob option, qualified applicants may select their,Air Force Specialty (job) and related training priorto enlistment. Applicants electing the four-yearGuaranteed specialty option have a choice of 132different spedialties. Those electing a six-yearGuaranteed Enlistment have the choice of 124highly skilled specialties. Enlistees eLcting thesix-year enlistment in lieu of the four-year contractare advanced to grade E-3 upon successful comple-tion of the School of Military Science at Lack landAir Force Base, Texas.

A Civil Air Patrol cadet who earns the MitchellAward may, upon enlistment in the Air Force, becredited with the requirements for the grade ofairman, and immediately be promoted to thatgrade.

Parental consent is required for men under 18,women under 21, and all high school students.Minimum age: men, 17; women, 18. Maximumage: 27.

Marine Corps enlistments are available for two,three or four years of active duty. Enlistees areultimately assigned duty with aviation or groundelements. Qualified applicants may be enlisted andguaranteed assignment to certain aviation andground occupational fields. Enlistees are given acomplete set of tests to determine their aptitudesand interests. Specialist training is granted on thebasis of these tests according to Marine Corps'needs. Age requirement is 17 to 28 years.

Coast Guard enlistments are for four years activeduty. Before they ever enlist, qualified applicantscan be guaranteed in writing, their choice of aspecific occupational training program (providedquotas are available). Qualified applicants may alsoenlist up to six months prior to commencing- activeduty. Those persons having special training in skillsneeded by the Coast Guard can enlist under aspecial program whereby they will be promoted topay grade E-4 or E-5 immediately after recruittraining. Outstanding recruits -- those with thehighest standing upon completion of recruittraining -- are given their choice of a particularCoast Guard district for assignment. Age limits are17-26.

Reserve ComponentsA young man without prior military service may

enlist in a reserve program if he qualifies. Applica-tion for enlistment can be made with any localorganized reserve unit of the Army, Navy, MarineCorps or Air Force, to include the Army and AirNational Guards, and Coast Guard recruitingoffices.

All reserve programs require enlistees to servesome time on actve duty for training. (Details ofthe various programs, by service, follow below.)Normally, most of the reservist's period on activeduty for training is spent in basic training and basictechnical schooling or on-the-job training in a mili-tary specialty or occupation.

Upon completion of his active duty for training,

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the reservist returns to the local unit in which heenlisted and serves with that organization until hehas fulfilled the terms of his enlistment.

Reserve Unit Training. Reservists in organized.units are required to attend training assemblies ordrills regularly throughout the year, and mustspend from 14 to 17 days -- a minimum of 14 daysin annual training away from home, usually oncea year. All reserve component paid drill units arerequired to conduct a minimum of 48 trainingassemblies a year. One weekend is the equivalent offour training assemblies. These assemblies are heldin the evenings or on weekends, .or a combination

of both. The annual training period is normallyscheduled during the summer.

Pay. A reservist's pay is based on the ArmedForces pay scale for his grade and length of service.He receives one day's pay for each assembly at-tended. If he attends two assemblies held on oneday, he may be entitled to two day's pay. In ad-dition, he receives one day's pay for each day ofannual training. Thus, an E-3 with over three yearsservice in any reserve unit can receive about $816 ayear for participating in ready reserve training.

Military Occupations. Enlistees in the reserveprograms are accepted to fill vacancies in militaryoccupations which meet the needs of the particularunit they join. In accepting enlistees for these oc-cupations, assignment officers consider the newreservist's education, aptitudes, civilian experienceand personal preferences. The training necessary tobecome qualified in the military occupation is pro-vided during the reservist's initial tour on activeduty. Reservists may attend regular service schoolsto improve military occupation skills and may alsoenroll in service-sponsored correspondence coursesfollowing initial active duty for training. Manymilitary jobs parallel civilian occupations, and inmany cases, reserve training can help with progressin civilian employment.

Promotion. In each of the reserve branches thereis a promotion system, separate from that of theregular services. Reservists compete for promotiononly with other reservists of their service or unit.Outstanding individuals may qualify for appoint-ment as commissioned officers.

Ready Reserves. Throughout the followinginformation on reserve programs, the term "ReadyReserve" will be found. Generally, this term de-scribes those units that are immediately availableto be ordered to active duty in a national emer-gency declared by the President or when otherwiseprovided by law. All Ready Reservists described inthe iollowing paragraphs belong to organized unitsand attend drills.

Reserve Components. The reserve componentsare composed of the National Guard (Army Na-tional Guard and Air National Guard), the ArmyReserve, the Air Force Reserve, the Navy Reserve,the Marine Corps Reserve and the Coast GuardReserve.

National Guard

The Army and Air National Guard are volunteermilitary organizations within each state, composedof civilians who train part time for local andnational protection. The nearly 5,000 guard unitsare located in all 50 states, the Commonwealth ofPuerto Rico, the District of Columbia and theVirgin Islands.

The National Guard has a dual stains andmission. As a state organization of which thegovernor is commander-in-chief, the unit andmembers may be ordered to active state service intimes of local emergencies or disasters.

The Army National Guard and the Air NationalGuard are also reserve components of the U.S.Army and the U.S. Air Force respectively, and canbe ordered into active federal service in the eventof national emergency or war, or when otherwiseprovided by law. In their position as tha ArmyNational Guard or Air National Guard of a state,units and members may be called into federalservice during certain local emergencies.

Army National Guard unit training includesinfantry, armor, air defense artillery (includingmissiles), field artillery, medical, ordnance,transportation, engineer, administrative, communi-cations, military police, chemical, aviation, specialforces, airborne and other special areas of militaryendeavor.

Air National Guard units train for air defense,tactical fighter, air refueling, tactical reconnais-sance, global transport, communications, electron-ics, weather and aeromedical missions. They areequipped with up-to-date aircraft including manysupersonic jets.

Some Army and Aix . National _GU-aid unitsperform, as part of their trainineractual missionsfor the active defense of the nation. For instance,Air National Guard heavy transports carry cargo allover the world for Military Airlift Command andthe Air National Guard communications unitsinstsal and repair electronic equipment for the AirForce. In addition, Army National Guard Nike-Hercules missile batteries and Air National Guardfighter interceptor squadrons keep parts of theirunits on round-the-clock alert defending the skiesfor the North American Air Defense Command.

Women may apply for any Air Guard unit vacan-cy that is not related to combat. Nonprior servicewomen must be 18-34 (parental consent needed ifunder 21), and be a high school graduate orequivalent. Basic training and technical schoolrequirements are the same for all Guardsmen --

must equal four mor ths of active duty. Womenincur a three year obligation.

Male enlistees, 17-34, with no prior service enlistfor six years and take active duty for training. Thelength of this training is dependent upon the skillfor which the individual is being trained, whichmay be shortened by certain civilian acquired skillsor training as determined through special tests. Theminimum requirement for training is four months.Additional training, upon voluntary consent, isauthorized for certain skill areas. Seventeen-year-old enlistees need parental consent.

Army Rcscrvc

Enlistees incur a six-year statutory obligation.The program establishes a variable period of initialactive duty for training of not less than fourmonths, depending on the time required to proper-ly qualify the individual in the military occupa-tional specialty (MOS) for which enlisted. Indivi-duals will be required to begin their active duty fortraining when ordered by competent authority.However, all enlistees are required to attend regularmeetings until they proceed on their tour of activeduty for training, and resume regular attendancewhen they return. Ages: 17-26.

Navy Rcscrvc

Qualified young men between 17-26 years of agemay enlist for six years including two years ofactive duty. Initial active duty for training beginswithin 120 days of date of enlistment.

The Naval Reserve also has a six-month activeduty for training program for qualified young men17-26 years old who live within a reasonabledistance of a Naval Reserve unit. Under thisprogxam, an enlistee incurs a six-year total serviceobligation: approximately six months of activeduty for training (for recruit training and basictechnical training) and five-and-one-half years as amember of an organized drilling unit.

Marinc Corps Rcscrvc

The Marine Corps organized reserve offers a six-month active duty program for men 17 to 26 yearsof age. An enlistee serves the remaining five-and-one-half years in the Ready Reserve as a memberof a unit. He participates in drills one weekendeach month and receives two weeks training eachyear, normally during the summer months.Additional active duty for training may be

8

requested in order to prepare an enlistee for aspecial assignment or obtain special qualifications.In no case will an enlistee be assigned to activeduty while still in attendance at high school.

Air Force Reserve.

Air Force Reserve personnel train in units andindividual programs for air defense, tactical andmilitary airlift, civil engineering, electronics,weather, rescue and medical missions, amongothers. Enlisted Reserve programs are available toqualified persons with or without prior service.

Women may apply for all Air Force Reserveauthorizations except those that are combat.71-elated. Women without prior service must be18-27 (parental consent is needed if under ?,1).Basic training and technical school requirementsare the same for all Air Reservists.

Men with no prior service may enlist for a six-year period. They must attend initial active dutytraining of not less than four months. Length oftraining depends upon the skill for which theindividual is being trained. Those enlisted in thisprogram must serve the remainder of their six-yearobligation in the Ready Reserves in a participatingstatus, unless they serve on active duty under cer-tain conditions whereby the individual may requestto be placed in Standby 'Reserve. Age limits are17-26.

Men 26-35, with no prior service, may enlist inunits. They must agree to undergo basic trainingunless they possess equivalent training and must bequalified for the specific assignment.

Coast Guard Rcscrvc

Qualified nonprior service men between 17 and26 can enlist in the Coast Guard Reserve for sixyears. Enlistees initially go on active duty forapproximately 30 weeks: nine weeks basic trainingand the remainder in a specialized training school.Upon completion of this 30 weeks, the reservistreturns to his local unit for one weekend a monthand two weeks annual active duty.

Qualified men between 26-35, with a skillneeded by the Coast Guard Reserve, can enlist fortwo years. They will be given a petty officer ratingcommensurate with their skill level. After enlist-ment, they attend two weeks military orientationat Coast Guard Reserve Training Center, York-town, Va., then return to their local unit wherethey attend meetings one weekend a month andtwo weeks annual active duty.

Qualified nonprior service women between 20and 35 can enlist in the Coast Guard Reserve fortwo, three or four years. In order to qualify, theymust have experience in secretarial, clerical orfinancial fields, and are given a rating commensur-ate with their experience. After enlistment, theyattend a two-week military orientation program atCoast Guard Reserve Training Center, Yorktown,Virginia. Upon completion of this program, theyreturn to their local unit for one weekend a monthand two weeks annual active_ duty.

Prior service personnel (men to age 42 andwomen between 21-35) who were E-3 or above andwho have a favorable reenlistment designator mayenlist in the Coast Guard Reserve for two, three orfour years. Individuals in this category receive nobasic training. They usually are given a ratingequivalent to the one they previously held. Theyattend meetings one weekend a month and havetwo weeks annual active duty.

Junior ROTC

The Junior ROTC provides an opportunity forsecondary school (high school) students to learnabout the basic elements and requirements fornational security. At the same time, the emphasis isplaced on their personal obligations as Americancitizens in contributing to the defense of thenation. The program is offered not only at civilianhigh schools but also at a number of military insti-tutes, military schools offering secondary leveleducation and having organized cadet corps undermilitary discipline.

All of the military services conduct Junior

ROTC programs. No school may have a unit ofmore than one service, and units are assigned on afair and equitable geographical basis. Each unitmust have at least 100 physically fit male citizenswho are 14 years of age or older. Junior ROTCcourses are prescribed by the parent service andcover three or four academic years. Uniforms, text-books and equipment are furnished by the govern-ment.

The course of instruction 'consists of 96 hoursper year. There are two alternative programs.Under the academic track, military courses areoffered in conjunction with academic coursesleading to college entrance. The alternative tech-nical courses having a military application areintegrated into the ROTC instruction. A studentwho successfully completes the three-year JuniorROTC program is entitled, if he enters the Senior(college) ROTC program, to receive up to twoyear's credit.

The total number of units established by themilitary departments may not exceed 1200 by law.A total of approximately 145,000 students are en-rolled in the program.

Junior ROTC instructors are retired personnel,except at the military institutes or the high schoollevel of a military junior college, where a limitednumber of active duty personnel may be author-ized by the Secretary of the military departmentconcerned. Retired military personnel constituteall of the instructional staff at the civilian highschools. Their pay and allowances are the same asactive duty pay, less hazardous duty pay. The dif-ference between this amount and their retired orretainer pay is furnished equally by the school andthe military department.

COMMIC57.01116/11 Programs

At no time in the history of the United StateEhas there been a greater or more continuing needfor military leaders. Adequate trained forces mustbe kept ready for any emergency. The effectivenessof these forces depends primarily on the compe-tence of their leaders.

These leaders are the professionals who devotethemselves entirely to the common defense, whoMake the profession of arms in the interest ofnational security their career. The profession in

which they engage requires as much specializedknowledge, training and personal endeavor as thatof the doctor, the lawyer, the engineer or thescientist. in fact, all of these are to be foundwithin the ranks of the professional militaryofficer.

Military officers are the products of manytraining sources -- the Federal Service Academies(Military, Naval, Air Force, Coast Guard andMerchant Marine), Reserve Officer Training Corps

9

(programs at hundreds of colleges and universities),National Guard (state OCS programs), directappointment, Officer Candidate School and FlightTraining programs. Women, too, may qualify forcommissioning (see chapter on "Women in theArmed Forces").

Those possessing the qualifications as outlinedon the following pages have a unique opportunityto take their place among the leaders dedicated tonational defense. Many achieve this goal fromenlisted status; others from civilian life.

Federal Service Academies

General. All the academies offer four years ofcollege education leading to a bachelor of sciencedegree. Cadets and midshipmen -- except MerchantMarine Academy cadets -- receive $283.05 amonth, plus tuition, medical care, arc room andboard. With the exception of the Merchant MarineAcademy, graduates receive regular commissionsand must serve on active duty for at least five yearsafter receiving their commissions. Merchant MarineAcademy midshipmen receive about $1,425 duringthe four years at school, plus tuition, food andquarters. Graduates receive third mate or thirdassistant engineer licenses and are commissioned asensigns in the Naval Reserve.

Nominations (Military, Naval and Air ForceAcademies). Candidates must have a nomination inorder to officially become a candidate and be con-sidered for an appointment as a cadet or midship-man at these academies. Most candidates receivetheir nominations from members of Congress, eachof whom may have five candidates in attendance ateach of these adademies at any one time, and eachof whom may nominate up to 10 candidates foreach vacancy he may have.

Other sources of nominations are available toprospective candidates, principally through affili-ation with the armed forces. It is best to apply forall the nominations for which you're eligible. Forcongressional nominations, in particular, the springof the junior year is the recommended time toapply. Most congressmen, however, will acceptlater requests for nominations -- some into Nov-ember or early December of the senior year. It isnot necessary to know the congressman personally.

Nominations (Merchant Marine Academy). Allnominations for the Merchant Marine Academy aremade by members of Congress. Apply to your con-gressman early in spring of junior year.

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Appointments ((roast Guard Academy).Appointments to the Coast Guard Academy aremade competitively. on a nationwide basis. Anomination is not required. Anyone who considersthat he has the basic qualifications can apply totake part in the competition for Coast GuardAcademy admission. Application forms should berequested from the Coast Guard address listed onpage 13.

Eligibility Requirements. Admission to any ofthe academies is dependent upon a young manbeing at least 17 years of age (but not have reachedhis 22nd birthday as of July 1 of the year he is tobe admitted), a citizen of the United States, ofgood moral character, and medically, physicallyand academically qualified. He must never havebeen married.

Academic Preparation. The overall academic andphysical preparation of a candidate is of vital im-portance to success at any one of the academies. Inhigh school, the student should strive for aboveaverage grades.

The majority of youths admitted to the aca-demies enter immediately following graduationfrom high school. Prospective candidates who feelthat they require additional post-high schoolpreparation, or who are unable to obtain anappointment immediately upon graduation, are en-couraged to attend preparatory school or collegewhile awaiting an appointment.

Academic Qualification. A candidate's academicqualification for admission to any one of the feder-al academies is determined by tests of the CollegeBoard Admissions Testing Program (ATP) or theAmerican College Testing Program and a review ofhis entire scholastic record to include academicperformance in secondary school and college, ifany, and the recommendations of his teachers.

Applications for the ATP and the AmericanCollege Testing Program tests should be made atleast 30 days in advance of the testing dates bythose seeking nominations to the federal acade-mies.

Medical Examinations. All medical examinationsare scheduled by the Service Academy CentralMedical Review Board, U.S. Air Force Academy,Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840.

Only one examination is necessary, no matterhow many academies the candidate has applied to.Cards to request the physical examination are pro-

vided to candidates by members of Congress (attheir option) or by the service academy for whichthe candidate is applying.

Admission. Nominations to all of the academiesexcept the Coast Guard and Merchant MarineAcademies are grouped into two categories: com-petitive and noncompetitive.

Competitive Method: npointments areawarded to the best-qualifi anclidates withineach group. Qualification is based upon the candi-date's entire scholastic record and his performancein prescribed entrance tests, his physical aptitude,his record of extra-curricular activities (includingathletics), his leadership potential and a medicalexamination.

In a variation of this method, the nominationauthority may designate his principal nominee,only, and direct that his remaining nominees com-pete with each other, based on their records.

Noncompetitive Method: The nominating au-thority designates his nominees in order of per-sonal preference as principal, first alternate, etc. Iffound qualified for entry, the principal is appoint-ed. If the principal fails to qualify, the first alter-nate is considered for appointment. If he also fails,the other alternates are considered in turn.

Qualified Alternates: Candidates who are quali-fied in all respects but who do not succeed to theappointment for which they have been nominatedare considered for appointment as qualified alter-nates. Appointments are made from this list on acompetitive basis. No application is necessary, asall fully qualified candidates are given consider-ation. Well over 1000 candidates enter the serviceacademies each year as qualified alternates. Thus, itshould be noted that any congressional nomin-ation, even a ninth alternate, may be sufficient toget a well-qualified candidate into a serviceacademy.

Types Of Competitive Nominations

Presidential Nominations. Available to sonsof members of the armed services. The son of aregular or reserve member of the armed forces iseligible if his parent is on active duty and hasserved continuously on active duty for at leasteight years; or, his parent was retired (from activeduty) with pay or was granted retired or retainerpay; or, his parent died after retiring with pay or

after being granted retired or retainer pay. By law,a person eligible under the SODDV (see below)category may not be a candidate under the Presi-dential category.

Regular and Reserve UnitNominations. Available to enlisted men in regularand reserve units of the Army, Navy, Air Force andMarine Corps. Enlisted personnel may apply onlyfor the service academy of their respective militarycomponent through the regular and reserve cate-gories, but may apply for any of the academiesthrough other sources (i.e., members of Congress,etc.).

Men serving in any service may compete foradmission to the Coast Guard Academy.

Nominating authorities may choose either thecompetitive or a combination of both the comp-e tit iu e and noncompetitive selectionmethod.

Congressional. These nominations by U.S.Senators and Representatives account for themajority of appointments to the Military, Navaland Air Force Academies.

Vice President. Nominations are from resi-dents of the United States.

Sons of Deceased or Disabled Veterans(SODDV). This category is for sons of deceasedor 100 percent disabled veterans whose death ordisability was determined to be service connected,and for sons of military personnel or federallyemployed civilians who are in a missing or capturedstatus. Candidates holding a nomination under thiscategory are not eligible for nomination under thePresidential or Medal of Honor categories.

Sons of Military or Civilian Personnel in aMissing Status. The son is eligible if his parent is amember of the armed services or a civilian em-ployee in active government service who is offici-ally absent in a status of missing or captured.

Honor Military/Naval School and ROTCNOminations. For distinguished graduates andprospective distinguished graduates of designatedHonor Military/Naval Schools, and for students inthe Reserve Officer Training Corps units at highschools and colleges. (USMA, USNA and USAFAonly.)

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Governors of Virgin Islands, Guam andAmerican Samoa. Residency is required.

Delegates to Congress from the District ofColumbia. Residency in the District is required.

Governors of Puerto Rico and the CanalZone. Residency required.

Note: There is a separate appointment categoryopen to sons of Medal of Honor recipients. Youngmen in this category are appointed to the academyof their choice without regard to vacancies, pro-vided they meet minimum qualifying standards.

Young men interested in securing an appoint-ment to one of the academies other than theCoast Guard Academy -- should write to theirSenators and district Representative in Congressand to the academy of their choice for furtherinformation. Application should be made in thespring preceding the year in which an appointmentis sought. Full particulars concerning the serviceaddresses are contained in annual catalogs. Copiesof the various catalogs can be obtained by writingto:

Director of Admissions and RegistrarUnited States Military AcademyWest Point, N.Y. 10996

Superintendent (Attn: Candidate Guidance)U.S. Naval AcademyAnnapolis, Md. 21402

Director of AdmissionsU.S. Coast Guard AcademyNew London, Conn. 06320

Director of Admissions and RegistrarU.S. Air Force AcademyColo. 80840

Admissions OfficeU.S. Merchant Marine AcademyKings Point, N.Y. 11024

ROTC Programs

The ROTC consists of 538 units Army, Navyand Air Force at public and private colleges anduniversities throughout the country.

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ROTC training (elective in most institutions)consists of two to five hours of military instructionper week and some summer training periods.

Advanced ROTC training, daring junior andsenior college years, is optional, except under theNavy programs, and students must qualify foradmission to an advanced course.

ROTC graduates i ulfill their military obligationby serving on active duty as regular or reserveofficers for stipulated periods of time ranging fromthree months to two or more years.

The various ROTC programs are as follows:

Army ROTC programs are conducted at 293colleges and universities or branches including nineMilitary Junior Colleges in the 50 states and PuertoRico. Both a four-year and a two-year program areoffered for students who can meet selection re-quirements. The four-year program consists of aBasic Course (freshman and sophomore years) andan Advanced Course (junior and senior years). Thetwo-year program is for students unable to takeROTC during freshman and sophomore years, whomay take six weeks of training during the summerprior to their junior year to qualify for theAdvanced Course.

Students are paid $307.20 per month while at-tending summer training to qualify for the two-yearprogram. Students selected for the AdvancedCourse receive $100 monthly except during sum-mer training at the end of the junior year whenthey receive $283.05 per month. A student enter-ing college for the first time may compete nation-ally for a four-year scholarship. One, two and threeyear scholarships are offered to select cadets.

Scholarship applications can be obtained fromP.O. Box 12703, Philadelphia, Pa. 19134, com-mencing August 15. Completed applications mustbe postmarked not later than December 31. Theaward becomes effective the following school year.Some schools offer flight training at no extra costto interested senior students who can qualify. Thisis voluntary extra-curricular activity. After gradu-ation flight trainzis are considered for entry intoArmy aviation training.

Scholarship students must be at least 17, andable to complete requirements by age 25. Theminimum age for all other ROTC students is 17,and eligible for commissioning prior to age 28.

Scholarship students serve an obligated activeduty of four years. Flight trainees who enteraviation training serve three years; non-obligatedgraduates who accept Regular Army commissionsserve three years. All non-obligated graduates serve

from three months to two years active duty basedupon needs of the service and personal optionsavailable at the time of graduation.

Navy ROTC College Scholarship Program pro-vides four years of subsidized education at manyleading colleges and universities. As midshipmenin the Naval Reserve, students receive $100 permonth for maximum of 40 months. Additionally,the Navy pays all tuition and other instructionalfees and the cost of textbooks. One sixth ofNROTC graduates can request to be commissionedin the Marine Corps. This program is designed totrain career officers in the Navy and Marine Corpscomparable in standing to Naval Academy gradu-ates.

Students are selected on the basis of scores at-tained on national college aptitude tests, plus otherdocuments which comprise the application file.Students who qualify on either the SAT or ACTexamination are given rigid medical examinations,and those selected are offered appointments asmidshipmen, and simultaneously enlisted in theU.S. Naval Reserve. Appointees may indicate theirchoices of .the many colleges having Navy ROTCunits which they prefer and are willing to attend.The Navy nominates them to colleges for accept-ance as NROTC studiasts in accordance with theirindicated preferenc.%. Admission to college as aregular student must to accomplished first by eachapplicant. They may take any course leading to abaccalaureate degree except those indicated in thecurrent NROTC Bulletin of Information. Agelimits: 17-21. Active duty obligation: four years.

Navy ROTC College Program (previously calledContract NROTC Program) applications may besubmitted to the Professor or Naval Science at oneof the leading colleges and universities whereNROTC units are established. The College Programstudent studies Navy required cgurses for fouryears in addition to the curriculum for his collegemajor and attends one summer training period.Students receive $100 monthly for maximum of20 months during their last two years. A.e limits:17-21. Active duty obligation: three years.

Navy Reserve Officer Candidate (ROC) Programwas created to make a Naval officer training pro-gram available to fulltime students attending anaccredited college which does not have an NROTCp:ogram. Students may apply for this programupon completion of their freshman or sophomoreyear in college. Students may not be pursuing a

course of instruction leading to a theological, medi-cal or dental degree nor to a degree considered pre-paratory for appointment in the Medical ServiceCorps. Selectees are paid E-5 pay during the tworequired training sessions one eight week summersession between their junior and senior year andone 11% week training session following gradua-tion from college -- held at the Naval Officer Candi-date School, Newport, R.I.

Aviation Reserve Officer Candidate (AVROC)Program is similar in all respects to the ROC pro-gram other than the summer training taking placeat the Aviation Officer Candidate School at Pensa-cola, Fla. Students desiring to qualify as a NavalAviator or Naval Flight Officer may apply for theAVROC program at a Navy Recruiting Stationupon completion of their freshman or sophomoreyear in college.

Platoon Leaders Class (PLC) and Platoon'Leaders Class (Aviation) (PLC(A)) are specialMarine Corps officer training programs wherebycollege undergraduates may earn reserve commis-sions in either the ground or air components of theMarine Corps. College freshmen who have com-pleted one semester, sophomores and juniors, cansign up for the PLC. The training consists of twosix-week sessions or one 10-week session, at theMarine Corps Base, Quantico, Va., during summervacations. Members may apply for financial assist-ance of $100 per month following completion ofone summer training session, and Marine Corpsfinanced civilian pilot training following all pre-commissioning summer training. Upon graduationfrom college, PLC students receive commissions.Officers initially attend a 26-week officer basiccourse. Aviation officers then attend aviationschoo314," Age limits: 17- 27',4. Active duty obli-gation: minimum 2% years for ground officers; 3%years following pilot training; 3 years followingflight officer training. Minimum obligations areextended .Aepending upon the number of schoolyears firrancial assistance is provided.

Air Force ROTC is conducted at colleges anduniversities in 46 states, Puerto Rico, and theDistrict of Columbia. Students may earn a com-mission by successfully completing either the twoor four-year program.

The Air Force ROTC offers four-year scholar-ships to men who are flying qualified (pilot ornavigator) and who will be entering their college

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freshman year. (Applications should be obtainedfrom the address listed below.) Deadline forsubmitting application for a four-year scholarshipis November 15 preceding the school year in whicha student desires to enter college. Three and twoyear scholarships are also available to studentsalready enrolled in Air Force ROTC programs.Application for these scholarships should be sub-mitted directly to the Professor of AerospaceStudies at the hosting institution.

The scholarships cover full tuition, laboratoryexpenses, incidental fees, reimbursement for text-books, and a $100 non-taxable allowance eachmonth while on scholarship status and attendingschool.

Credit for portions of the first two years of thefour-year program may be given for completion oftwo or more years in the Junior ROTC program,participation in the Civil Air Patrol, military schooltraining or prior service in any branch of the U.S.armed forces.

The basic requirement for entry into the two-year program is that the student have two aca-demic years remaining, either at the undergraduateor graduate level, or a combination of both. Entryinto the two-year program is on a competitivebasis; in addition, a six-week 7ie1d Training courseon an Air Force base must be successfully com-pleted before entry into the two-year campusprogram. The two-year program and the last twoyears of the four-year program are identical inacademic content. All cadets enrolled in the lasttwo years of the program receive a non-taxablemonthly subsistence allowance of up to $100 amonth for 10 months during the school year.

Enrollments are limited to cadets capable ofcompleting all requirements for a commission priorto reaching age 25 for all scholarship recipients;prior to reaching 261/2 for flight training; and age30 for non-rated specialties.

Complete information about the ROTC pro-grams, the Marines' PLC program and the Navy'sROC program can be obtained by writing to:

Army ROTCFort Monroe, Va. 23351

Commander, Naval Recruiting CommandCode 34, Navy DepartmentWashington, D.C. 20370

Air Force ROTCMaxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 36112

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Commandant of the Marine CorpsHeadquarters Marine CorpsWashington, D.C. 20380

Officer Candidate Schools

College graduates can earn commissions in theArmy, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or CoastGuard even though they have had no ROTC orother prior military training. Applications may bemade for enlistment from civilian life to attendofficer candidate or training schools as indicatedbelow:

Army Branch Immaterial Officer CandidateCourse (BIOCC). Qualified enlisted men, womenand warrant officers in the active Army and Armyreserve components may apply for attendance atBIOCC. Fourteen weeks are required to completethe course for men; 18 weeks for women. Menmust be at least 181/2 years of age and not over 321/2at the time of enrollment in BIOCC (NationalGuard applicants must be below age 28). Femaleapplicants must be at least 19 years, eight monthsat time of enrollment and not have reached their33rd birthday at time of graduation from BIOCC.Female applicants must have completed at least 50percent of the academic credits for a baccalaureatedegree from an accredited college or university, ormust have a Department of the Army two-yearc6:lege equivalency evaluation. Waivers are notgranted for this requirement. Upon satisfactorycompletion of the course, active Army graduatesare required to serve a minimum of two years in anactive commissioned. status.

Outstanding enlisted members of Army Reservecomponent units who have completed their activeduty for training may apply to attend the regular14-week BIOCC course or a special Reserve com-ponent OCS course of nine or 11 weeks conductedby the active Army. After completion of thecourse, members return to their units and completetheir obligation as National Guard or Reserveofficers.

Navy Officer Candidate School (OCS). Qualifiedgraduates of regionally accredited colleges receive19 weeks of basic naval science and indoctrination.Successful candidates are commissioned as ensignsin the Naval Reserve and serve on active duty asunrestricted line, restricted line or staff corpsofficers.

Age limits at commissioning are 19-271 for allcandidates except Medical Service Corps, for whomthe age is 21-32. Active duty obligation has a threeor four year option.

Air Force School of Military Sciences, Officer(SMSO). Through the School of Military Sciences,Officer, the Air Force and Air Force Reserve trainselected college graduates, both men and women,who possess those skills and specialties needed inthe Air Force to become commissioned officers.Potential pilots or navigators go directly to flighttraining after completing SMSO. Applicants mustbe U.S. citizens and graduates of an accreditedcollege. Selected applicants are required to com-plete a pre-commission training course of 12 weeksduration (15 weeks for pilot candidates) in thegrade of staff sergeant. Trainees who hold an activeor reserve grade higher than staff sergeant willattend SMSO in their higher grade. Upon successfulcompletion, officer trainees are commissioned assecond lieutenants in the Air Force Reserve.

Age limits: 201/2 -27% for pilots and navigatorsand 20Y2-291/2 for others. Active duty obligation:four years from date of graduation from SMSO fornonfliers; five years from date of graduation fromflight training for r.ilots and navigators.

Marine Corps Officer Candidate Class (OCC) andAviation Officer Candidate (AOC). Graduates ofan accredited four-year college or university, orselected two-year college students, are eligible for areserve commission as either a ground officer oraviator under the officer candidate progr.ams. Uponsuccessful completion of a 12 week tra;ning andscreening course, candidates are commissioned assecond lieutenants in the Marine Corps Reserve.Ground officers are assigned to the Basic School,Quantico, Va., for 26 weeks of basic officertraining. Aviation officers are assigned to flighttraining of approximately 6-16 months dvraion.

Active duty obligation: for ground offk,car, 21/2years after receipt of commission; for NavalAviators (pilots), 3% years after completion offlight training; Naval Flight Officers, 3 yearsfollowing aviation training. Age limits: OCC,20-28; AOC, 20-27.

Coast Guard Officer Candidate School (OCS).Through its 17-week Officer Candidate School inYorktown, Va., the Coast Guard trains selectedcollege graduates, both men and women, in thoseskills necessary to become commissioned officersin the Coast Guard. Classes convene each Septem-

ber and February. Applicants must be U.S. citizensand graduates of an accredited college. Dutyassignments are made on the basis of the individ-ual's educational background, experience andexpressed preference, consistent with the needs ofthe Coast Guard. A limited number of OCSgraduates may receive flight training.

Age limits: 21-27. Active duty obligation: threeyears from date of commissioning.

Army National Guard Officer Candidate Pro-grams. Three options of OCS training are availableto qualified high school graduates. They mayattend the nine-week Reserve Component OCS orthe 14-week (active) Army Branch ImmaterialOfficer Candidate Course (BIOCC). The stateprogram is designed to allow continuance ofcivilian pursuits. This unique program consists oftwo 2-week periods over two summers with aboutone weekend a month in between. Informationabout this program can be obtained at any Na-tional Guard Armory.

Direct AppointmentsYoung men and women who are professionally

and otherwise qualified in any of the medical andallied health sciences may receive direct appoint-ments as officers in one of the corps of the medicalservices of the Army, Navy or Air Force. Programsproviding financial assistance to students enrolledin courses leading to qualification in certain healthfields also lead to a direct appointment and activeduty in the appropriate corps of the medicalservice. Some direct appointment programs are alsoavailable in certain other professional fields such asjudge advocate general and chaplain.

Flight TrainingYoung men who desire to be military aviators

should be in excellent health and physical con-dition. Flight training is available to commissionedofficers in each of the Armed Forces who can meetprofessional and physical requirements and arewithin the prescribed age limits. The programsopen to officers and other than officers areoutlined below:

Army Commissioned Officer/Warrant OfficerFlight Training. This is a program available to

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commissioned officers and warrant officers of theactive Army, Army National Guard and ArmyReserve, to qualify them for duty as rated helicop-ter pilots. Applicants must meet required physicalqualifications and be less than 30 years old forcommissioned officers, and 28 years for warrantofficers at time of application.

Naval Aviation Officer Candidate (AOC). This isa program for young men who desire to becomeNaval Aviators. To apply for the AOC pilottraining program, you must be college senior orrecent graduate of an accredited college or universi-ty. Candidates receive orders to Aviation OfficerCandidate School at Pensacola, Fla. After success-ful completion of 16 weeks of indoctrinationtraining, they are commissioned an ensign in theNaval Reserve. As a commissioned officer, thecandidate undergoes an additional 12 months ofbasic and advanced flight training, and is desig-nated a Naval Aviator upon completion of ad-vanced training. Age limits: 19-26.

Naval Flight Officer Candidate (NFOC). This is aprogram for young men who desire to becomeofficer aircrew members and serve as Naval FlightOfficers (NFO). The NFO is responsible for oper-ating the complex, weapon system of the Navy'smodern aircraft. To apply for NFO training onemust be a college senior or recent graduate of anaccredited college or university. Candidates receiveorders to Aviation Officer Candidate School atPensacola, Fla. After successful completion of 16weeks of indoctrination training, he is commis-sioned an ensign in the Naval Reserve. Commis-sioned officers undergo an additional six to eightmonths of basic and advanced training, and aredesignated a Naval Flight Officer upon completionof advanced training. During advanced trainingofficers have an opportunity to specialize in one ofthe following categories: Airborne Radar InterceptOperator; Bombardier-Navigator,; Airborne EarlyWarning Systems Operator; Air Anti-SubmarineWarfare Tactical Coordinator; Airborne ElectronicsCountermeasure Systems Operator and AirborneTactical Data Systems Operator. Age limit: 19-27.

Naval Aviation Officer Candidate-Air Intel-ligence (NAOC-AI). This is a program for trainingas an Intelligence Special Duty Officer in anon-flying assignment. Application may be madeduring senior year of college or after graduation.After 16 weeks of indoctrination and Basic NavalFlight Officer training, candidates are commis-

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sioned ensigns in the Naval Reserve and are orderedto the Armed Forces Intelligence Institute atLowry Air Force Base, Denver, Colo., for approx-imately 28 weeks. Candidates serve on active dutyfor four years from date of commissioning. Agelimits: 19-271/2.

Air Force Pilot Training. This is a 52-weekprogram, conducted at nine bases in the UnitedStates, available to male commissioned officers,qualifying them for duty as rated pilots. Graduatesnormally proceed to advanced flying trainingcenters for specialized training in specific weaponsystems. Officers must meet the required physicalqualifications and apply in sufficient time to entertraining before reaching 271/2 years of age.

Air Force Navigator Training. Available to malecommissioned officers, is a 36-week training pro-gram conducted at Mather Air Force Base, Calif.,that qualifies them for duty as a navigator. Somegraduates go directly to operational units as air-crew members, while others enter advanced coursesin electronic warfare and radar bombardment.Officers must meet the required physical qualifica-tions and apply in sufficient time to enter trainingbefore reaching 271/2 years of age.

Marine Naval Avt-tor and Marine Naval FlightOfficer. Mentally and physically qualified maleMarine officers from any commissioning source areeligible to apply for pilot or flight officer training.Student aviators attend 11-14 months of trainingprior to assignment to a jet fighter or attacksquadron, helicopter squadron or fixed wing trans-port squadron. Flight officers attend approxi-mately eight months training before being assignedto jet fighter or attack squadrons. Age limits:20-27'h. Active duty obligation: Naval Aviator, 31/2years following designation as a Marine NavalAviator; Naval Flight Officer, 3 years followingdesignation.

Coast Guard Aviation Cadet (AVCAD). Thisprogram requires two or more years of college at aregionally accredited institution. Selected appli-cants attend flight training at Pensacola, Fla. Upongraduation, they are commissioned ensigns in theReserve and are designated Coast Guard aviators.Age limits: 191/2 -26. Active duty obligation: 3%years after commissioning.

National Guard and Army Reserve FlightTraining. Quotas are available for training ofqualified Army Reserve Component personnel atboth fixed and rotary wing training schools.

Auxiliary BenefitsThe Armed Forces provide a well-balanced

recreational program for all personnel ranging fromathletics to motion pictures, and from hobby andcraft shops to service clubs.

Recreation

Included in the athletic program at most mili-tary installations are such familiar sports as basket-ball, baseball, football, swimming and track.

At least one motion-picture theater is availableat all bases and similar facilities are provided forshipboard personnel. A wide variety of music anddrama activities are also offered.

Service clubs provide many varied recreationalactivities, such as special parties, dances, contests,exhibits, shows and other forms of entertainment.Club facilities include snack bars, refreshmentareas, game rooms, TV and music rooms, andlounges.

Personnel who pursue a hobby or want toengage in one, will find that the Armed Forcesoffer some of the best arts and crafts shopsanywhere.

Libraries

All military installations and ships have librarieswith books and audio-visual materials to supportthe various educational programs, informationaland recreational needs. Most of the libraries arestaffed by professional librarians and the number

of books and other materials available are limitedonly by space requirements.

Personal Services

Medical care for dependents of active duty andretired personnel at military facilities is authorizedwhen available. It is also authorized, under certaincircumstances, at civilian hospitals for dependentsof active duty personnel and for retired personneland their dependents.

Routine dental care is authorized for dependentsat certain remote installations and overseas.

Military personnel of pay grade E-5 through E-9(and E-4 with atleast four years service or who hasreenlisted to total a six year obligation) are eligiblefor military housing. If government quarters areavailable the occupants give up their basic allow-ance for quarters.

Service personnel get assistance with theirfinancial and personal problems from personalaffairs officers, chaplains, legal assistance officersand supporting agencies, (i.e., local welfare groups,American Red Cross, and the aid society of eachservice).

Privileges

All installations offer military and retired per-sonnel and dependents exchange and commissaryprivileges. Most necessities can be purchased atthese facilities.

Women in the Armed ForcesBasic enlistment requirements for servicewomen

are essentially the same in all the armed services.An applicant must have a high school education orthe equivalent (Air Force applicants must be highschool graduates Army, Navy and Marine Corpsapplicants may be granted waivers of the high

school graduate requirement in some cases byaccepting GED equivalency), be not less than 18years of age and unmarried (Air Force applicantsmay be married with dependents), have no depend-ents, be in good health, and have high moralstandards.

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Minimum enlistment periods are: two years forWomen Marine and the WAC (Army); three yearsfor Women in the Navy and four years in the AirForce. Longer enlistments are optional for allservices. Women enlistees can in some cases beguaranteed a choice of a special kind of training.For example, most of the Army enlistment optionguarantees are open to women.

Recruit Training

Recruit, or basic, training is of six, eight or 10weeks duration depending upon the individualservice. This training provides each recruit withessential knowledge and skills early in her enlist-ment. It also emphasizes teamwork, discipline andresponsibility toward the service concerned as wellas the high individual standards expected of allwomen in the service.

Recruit Training Bases

Womens Army Corps (WAC) --U.S. Women's Army Corps Center and SchoolFort McClellan, Ala.

Women in the Naval Service--Naval Training CenterOrlando, Fla.

Women in the Air ForceLack land Air Force BaseTexas

Women Marines--Marine Corps Recruit DepotParris Island, S.C.

General Information

Living Arrangements. Every effort is made toassign young women, on their first enlistment, toposts and stations with a women's strength of 50or more. Facilities in barracks usually includesewing machines, hair dryers, kitchenettes, lounges,TV rooms and laundry rooms with automaticwashers and dryers.

Career Fields. Jobs open to women are notexactly alike in kind or numbers ih each of theservices. Before enlisting, a young woman shouldfind out whether the service of her choice offersthe career fields in which she is interested. In thechapter on career fields, those marked by a (W) inthe column headed "Career Fields" are open to

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women enlisting from civilian life. Additionalcareer fields are open to women who have priormilitary service and training.

Pay and Benefits. Servicewomen receive exactlythe same pay and benefits, including retirementrights and annual leave, as servicemen in the samepay grade with the same time in service.

Military Duties. Aside from regular job assign-ments, these duties include: standing inspections,charge of quarters and other military duties con-cerned with maintaining security.

Working Hours. Most servicewomen work aneight-hour day and a five or five-and-a-half-dayweek, although in some cases, as in civilianindustry, working hours may be on a "shift" basis.

Wearing of the Uniform. In peacetime, civilianclothes are usually worn during off-duty hours.

Service Schools and Off-Duty Education.Servicewomen are eligible for service school train-ing in most of the career fields to which they areassigned. Opportunities for off-duty education areidentical to those for servicemen.

Overseas Duty. Women in all the services aref1.,gible for overseas assignments. Servicewomen arepresently assigned to a number of overseas basesEurope, Hawaii, Alaska, Panama, Far East andMiddle East.

Marriage While in Service. A servicewoman maymarry, but she may not leave the service solely forthis reason. The separation policy for marriagevaries among the individual services.

Commissioning Opportunities

College graduates may apply directly from civil-ian life for a commission as an officer or to attendan officer candidate school or course. Enlistedwomen can qualify for certain officer candidateprograms. Generally, some college education is aprerequisite.

The WAC College Junior Course is a four-weekorientation course for women who have completedtheir junior year in an accredited college. Thiscourse is conducted in July of each yearlt the U.S.Women's Army Corps School, Fort McCaan, Ala.Its purpose is to provide college wows , with an

opportunity to see what the Army is like. It alsogives the Army a chance to evaluate the suitabilityof the participants for service. Transportation toand from Fort McClellan, uniforms, meals andloc:ging are furnished by the Army. In addition,participants receive one month's pay as an E-4. Atthe end of the four-week course the young womenmay elect to be discharged from the Reserve withno further service obligation; apply for a commis-sion upon completion of college; or apply for theWAC Student Officer Program.

The WAC Student Officer Program was designedto provide reserve commissioned officers for activeduty in the Women's Army Corps from selectedwomen who have successfully completed the WACCollege Junior Course. Selected applicants areenlisted in the Army Reserve for their senior yearin college and serve on active duty with full payand allowances of grade E-4 while attending theaccredited college of their choice. Upon gradu-ation, participants are advanced to the grade ofsecond lieutenant, and are ordered to active dutyfor two years. Alter the 18-week WAC OfficerBasic Course, the remaining part of the two-yearservice obligation is spent in various Army assign-ments.

Army ROTC is a coeducational program.

Navy ROTC was recently opened to women on alimited scale.

Navy Officer Candidate School (OCS). Qualifiedfemale graduates of accredited colleges receive 16weeks of training. Successful candidates are com-missioned as ensigns in the unrestricted line orSupply Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve. College juniorsmay apply to take the first eight weeks of trainingduring the summer after their junior year and thenreturn to college to complete their senior year.Upon graduation they are normally obligated toreturn to OCS for completion of training.

Age limits at time of commissioning are at least20 and under 271/2. Active duty obligation is threeyears from receipt of commission.

Air Force Officer Training School (OTS).Training for women officers in the Air Force is

coeducational with male officers. See page 16 forfurther details.

Air Force ROTC. This, too, is a coeducationalprogram. Women students enter the program de-scribed on page 15.

The Woman Marine Officer Candidate Class(WOCC) is an intensive seven-week pre-commissioning program conducted at Quantico,Va.

Through classroom instruction and practicalapplication, the candidate acquires the primaryknowledge and qualities expected of a WomanMarine Officer. Eligibility requirements: (I) Be anAmerican citizen. (2) Be a recent college graduate,or regularly enrolled junior or senior with a "C"average or higher. (3) Be at least 18 when enrolled.(4) Be of excellent moral character. (5) Be at least21 and less than 30 on the date of commissioning.(6) Be found physically qualified for appointmentas an officer.

During the Woman Officer Candidate Class,candidates receive the pay of a sergeant (E-5).Upon subcessful completion of the Woman OfficerCandidate Class, college graduates are commis-sioned as second lieutenants in the USMC Reserveand remain at Quantico for the Woman OfficerBasic Course prior to further assignments.

The undergraduate successfully completing theWoman Officer Candidate Class returns to collegeto complete her baccalaureate degree requirements,and may be eligible for $100 a month financialassistance during her senior year. Womenappointed as officers through the NROTC pro-grams may elect Navy or Marine Corps for service.Upon graduation she is commissioned a secondlieutenant in the USMCR and attends the nextWoman Officer Basic Course. Upon commissioninga Woman Marine Officer is usually obligated toserve at least 21/2 years on active duty. If the officerhas received a financial stipend from the MarineCorps, additional obligated service may be 're-quired.

Coast Guard Officer Candidate School (OCS).Training for women officers in the Coast Guard iscoeducational with male officers. See page 16 forfurther details.

19

Basic FactsAbout Military life

Basic, or recruit training is the process by whichthe Armed Forces provide young men and womenwith the fundamental knowledge required for themto become effective service personnel. Trainees areusually sent to the basic training base nearest theirhome or place of enlistment.

Organization. Recruits train in groups of 55 to100 men. Senior enlisted personnel are placed incharge of these groups -- called companies in theNavy and Coast Guard, flights in the Air Force,and platoons in the Army and Marine Corps.Recruits normally remain in the same groupsthroughout basic training. Some trainees areappointed to group leadership positions, under theclose supervision of their instructors.

Special Tests. Recruits are given aptitude andclassification tests, and then are interviewed bycounselors who take note of interests and abilities.These tests and interviews are used to place newservicemen in appropriate military specialties orcareer fields.

Free Time Activities. Subject to certain restric-tions, trainees may receive visitors, attend churchservices, participate in athletics, attend movies,visit the library and work in the hobby shop. Theyusually are permitted liberty or passes off the base.After graduation from basic combat training oradvanced individual training they normally aregiven 10 to 14 days leave.

Pay. During training, recruits are in pay gradeE-1. After basic training, in some services, mostrecruits are promoted to E-2. In other services theymust complete a longer period of service beforebeing promoted.

Physical Training. Physical fitness is achievedthrough daily calisthenics, competitive sports,swimming and foot marches.

20

Classroom Training. Classes are conducted onservice regulations, the handling and care ofweapons, military courtesy, rules of conduct, theUniform Code uf Military Justice, personalhygiene, emergency first aid measures, food sanita-tion and handling, and military insignia.

Army

Basic Combat Training -- The objective of basiccombat training is to establish a foundation ofdiscipline, motivation, military courtesy, physicalcondition, weapon proficiency, rights and responsi-bilities as a soldier of the U.S. Army.

Advanced Individual Training -- Prepares asoldier for duties in a particular branch or special-ty. Designed to produce a soldier with sufficientmilitary occupational specialty training to enablehim to be integrated into a unit of the Army.

Length: Basic Combat Training -- Eight weeks,three days.

Advanced Individual Training -- Five to44 weeks.

Location: Basic Combat Training and AdvancedIndividual Training -- Fort Dix, N.J.; Fort Knox,Ky.; Fort Leonard Wood, Mo.; Fort Jackson, S.C.;Fort Polk, La.; and Fort Ord, Calif.

Advanced Individual Training only --Fort Bliss, Texas (Air Defense); Fort Sill, Okla.(Field Artillery); Fort Gordon, Ga. (MilitaryPolice); and Fort Sam Houston, Texas (Medical).

Navy

Location Great Lakes, Ill.; San Diego, Calif.;or Orlando, Fla.

Length -- Nine weeks.

Special Training Classes in seamanship, navalgunnery, survival-at-sea techniques, ship structure,Navy terms, life aboard ship, fire fighting tech-niques and damage control procedures at sea.

Air Force

Location -- San Antonio, Texas

Length Six weeks.

Basic Training Air Force basic training in-cludes: processing, Military Law, drill, inspection,group living, physical conditioning, customs andcourtesies, personal affairs, communicable diseases,career advancement, Air Force organization andhistory, human relations, illegal and improper useof drugs, security, first aid, marksmanship, groundsafety and basic survival.

Technical Training -- After basic militarytraining, all airmen receive technical training eitherby attending a resident course or by a carefullystructured program of on-the-job training begin-ning at their first duty assignment. During a firstterm enlistment, an airman can be expected toadvance through the semi-skilled and skilled level.During an Air Force career, he would also progressthrough the advanced and superintendent levels.Approximately 85 percent of all new enlistees inthe Air Force receive technical training by at-tending a formal course in residence at one of thefive Air Force Training Centers before arriving attheir first permanent duty assignment. Residentschools normally train to the semi-skilled level andtraining to the skilled level continues throughon-the-job training.

Marine Corps

Location -- Parris Island, S.C. or San Diego,Calif.

Length 11 weeks.

Schedule -- Marine Corps Recruit Training in-cludes: processing, aptitude testing, assignmentinterviews, physical conditioning, weapons marks-manship, hand-to-hand combat, military subjectsinstruction and intensive training in simulatedcombat environment encompassing tactics, combattechniques, infantry weapons and field training.This course qualifies all Marines as basic riflemen,prepared for combat.

Skill Training -- After completion of RecruitTraining, Marines are further trained in a MilitaryOccupational Specialty (MOS) based on theircapabilities and desires, and the needs of theMarine Corps. The length of this instruction isdependent upon the special skill being trained forand can be as few as five and as many as 67 weeksin length. Such areas as electronics, aviation, dataprocessing and combat arms are available to aMarine for specialization. This training is providedthrough formal schools conducted by the MarineCorps or the other services, or through otherinstructional means. Over 60 percent of Marinesattend a formal school after Recruit Training.

Coast Guard

Location Cape May, N.J. or Alameda, Calif.

Length Nine weeks.

Basic Training -- Classes in physical fitness,military drill, seamanship, ordnance, damage con-trol, first aid and personal hygiene, communi-cation, character education and citizenship,Uniform Code of Military Justice, human relations,Coast Guard history and tradition.

Technical Training -- After basic training, mostCoast Guardsmen receive technical training eitherby attending specific training schools or by acarefully structured program of on-the-job training.During their first enlistment Coast Guardsmen canbe expected to advance to the level of skilledtechnician.

Personnel AssignmentsThe types of duty and the areas overseas and in

the continental limits of the U.S. to which a servicemember may be assigned are largely dependentupon: (1) the needs of the service; (2) personalqualifications; (3) the mission of the service; (4)the international situation and (5) personal wishes.

Needs of the Service. This means that the servicemust necessarily govern the use of their personnel.Ordinarily, an individual will be assigned to a unitin which their military training can best be utilized.

Qualifications. There are certain specific require-ments for most types of duty in the U.S. and

21

overseas. Some of them are rank or rating, special-ty training, time left on current enlistment, pastrecord in conduct and performance of duty andeligibility for transfer based on completion of aduty assignment elsewhere.

Personal Wishes. Each service rotates personnelperiodically from one duty station to another.Individuals are given their choice of duty and dutystation providing such a choice fits the needs of theservice.

Length of Duty Assignments. The length of timeto be served overseas is based upon the type andlocation of duty and whether or not dependentsaccompany the service member. Tours of dutyrange from one year (without dependents) to fouryears (with dependents).

UniformsInternational law requires that military person-

nel wear uniforms to distinguish them fromcivilians. Each service, however, decides upon thestyle and appearance of the uniforms its memberswill wear and how uniforms will be worn.

Enlisted personnel receive their first uniformsfree. Thereafter, they must maintain and replaceuniform items from their monthly clothing allow-ance. Officers buy their own uniforms. Generally,there are three broad classes, or types, of militaryuniform: (1) field utility for manual work; (2)service, for everyday wear; and (3) dress. There area number of variations within these types.

Personnel are required to wear appropriateuniforms while on duty.

As a general rule, personnel are permitted towear civilian clothing during off-daty hours.

LeaveService members, regardless of rank or length of

service, earn 30 days of paid leave each year at therate of two-and-a-half days per month. If the needsof the service permit, the individual is allowed thechoice of taking annual leave all at one time or inportions at different times. Leave does not have tobe taken each year; up to 60 days may beaccumulated.

Men or women who are discharged or whoreenlist are paid for each unused day of leaveaccumulated, up to 60 days.

22

PromotionBecause there are differences in promotion pro-

cedures in each service, the following informationby service -- is intended to clarify promotion

policies.

Army

After completing four months' service, an Armyprivate in pay grade E-1 is advanced to private(E-2). Trainees in top 15 percent of each class maybe advanced to E-2 after eight weeks of BasicCombat Training. Additional accelerated oppor-tunity for advancement to grade E-2 and to gradeE-3 is provided during Advanced IndividualTraining.

In order to meet requirements for promotion togrades E-4 through E-6, the individual must: (1) befully qualified in the military occupational special-ty (MOS) in which promotion is to be made; (2) berecommended by his commanding officer; (3)complete the time in grade and service require-ments; (4) pass the appropriate physical fitnesstest; (5) obtain a satisfactory promotion qualifica-tion score; and (6) have eighth grade education orequivalent for promotion to grade E-5, have highschool diploma or equivalent for promotion tograde E-6. Waivers of certain criteria mentionedabove are authorized, to allow well-qualifiedsoldiers more rapid advancement.

In addition to the above criteria, selection forpromotion to grades E-5 and E-6 requires appear-ance before a board of officers and noncommis-sioned officers convened by a commander who hasauthority to promote to the grade concerned. Thenumber of Army-wide promotions made to gradesE-4 through E-6 are controlled monthly by theDepartment of the Army (DA). Promotions togrades E-7 through E-9 are made by DA. Individ-uals are selected by DA Selection Boards on a bestqualified basis, Army-wide, from zones of con-sideration periodically announced to the field.

Navy

A Navy recruit (E-1) is promoted to seamanapprentice (E-2) upon completion of four monthsactive duty.

Eligibility for promotion to seaman (E-3) isbased on four requirements: (1) adequate time ingrade; (2) successful demonstration of military andprofessional qualifications; (3) passing of local

examinations; and (4) recommendation of thecommanding officer. For advancement in the pettyofficer ratings (E-4 through E-9) an individualmust: (1) fulfill the minimum service requirements;(2) complete training, correspondence courses, orservice schooling; (3) successfully demonstratemilitary and professional qualifications; (4) securethe recommendation of the commanding officer;(5) pass the Navy-wide competitive examinationfor the rating; (6) pass a Navy -wide competitivemilitary requirements test for pay grades E-4 andE-5 only. Advancement to E-4 through E-7 is basedon a Navy-wide final multiple which is accumu-lated through points earned for medals and awards,total active service, service in pay grade, perform-ance marks and examination score. Members areadvanced in order of the highest to the lowest finalmultiple which remains within the authorizedNavy-wide advancements allocated for the individ-ual rate.

The Navy. also has an accelerated program up toand including early advancement to pay grade E-4for new members who incur a minimum serviceobligation and complete specified courses of in-struction.

Air Force

An airman basic (E-1) is promoted to E-2 uponcompletion of four months time-in-service. How-ever, airmen who qualify under the six-year enlist-ment program are promoted directly to E-3 uponcompletion of basic training (six weeks). Airmenare promoted to Airman First Class (E-3) andSergeant (E-4) without competition if they meetthe minimum standards for time-in-grade and jobperformance and are progressing well in theirtraining. Promotion to Airman First Class is nor-mally after one year of service and promotion toSergeant occurs at about the two year time-in-service point.

Airmen are eligible for promotion to StaffSergeant (E-5) and higher grades based on: (1)completion of time-in-grade and time-in-servicerequirements; (2) completion of required pro-motion tests; (3) recommendation of commander;and (4) qualification in appropriate specialty forgrade to which promoted. The selection process toStaff Sergeant and above is competitive and onlythe best qualified airmen are selected for pro-motion. The Air Force promotion systems providemaximum visibility by showing its membersexactly how they stand in comparison with theircontemporaries and equitable opportunity for ad-vancement to all airmen.

Marine Corps

Promotions from private (E-1) through lancecorporal (E-3) are governed by unit commandingofficers. Promotions beyond these grades areeffected under a Corps-wide selection system.

The manner in which a Marine performs his dutyis the primary factor affecting his advancement.Written and pra.:tical examinations are used asadditional factors.

Outstanding recruits can be promoted fromprivate (E-1) to private first class (E-2) upongraduation from recruit training. Other privates canbe promoted after they have six months service.Normal time-in-grade requirements for promotionto E-3 is eight months. Time-in-grade requirementsfor promotion above L=3 can be varied periodical-ly. Current requirements is eight months to cor-poral and nine months to sergeant.

Coast Guard

A Coast Guard seaman recruit (E-1) is promotedto seaman apprentice (E-2) upon completion ofbasic training.

Eligibility for promotion to seaman or fireman(E-3) is based on five requirements: (1) adequatetime in grade; (2) successful demonstration ofmilitary and professional qualifications; (3) passingof local examinations; (4) recommendation of thecommanding officer; and (5) completion of cor-respondence courses.

To earn petty officer ratings (E-4 through E-9)an individual musi, in addition to requirements 1,2, 4 and 5 above: (1) complete correspondencecourses or service schooling and (2) pass the CoastGuard-wide competitive examination for therating. Promotion is based only upon the service-wide examination. The Coast Guard has an accel-erated program whereby those men possessingspecial training in needed skill areas are promotedto E-4 or E-5 immediately after recruit training.

ReligionArmed Forces regulations require all com-

manding officers to limit duty and work onSundays to the extent that military personnel areallowed to attend the religious service of theirchoice. Personnel also are excused from duty toattend services of their faiths on weekdays thathave the same religious .-%ligation or importance asSunday.

Protestant, Roman Catholic and Jewish services

23

are conducted at all major installations. Servicemembers are encouraged to attend denominationalservices of their choice at nearby civilian churches,synagogues or other houses of worship.

Chaplains who conduct the Armed Forces re-ligious programs are trained by seminaries andordained by their respective religious authoritiesjust as all other clergymen.

Individuals are often asked to act as volunteerlay leaders in their faith to assist chaplains. Insmaller units, when the full-time presence ofchaplains is not possible, these lay leaders supple-ment regular visits of chaplains and hold appropri-ate services.

Military JusticeThroughout this country's history, members of

the United States Armed Forces on active dutyhave been subject to a separate body of criminallaw and procedure. The Uniform Code of MilitaryJustice of 1951, amended in 1968, a law enactedby Congress, approved and implemented by the

President, is applicable to all the military services.This Code denounces certain criminal acts and

sets out procedures for the discipline, punishment,and trial of personnel whose conduct violatesmilitary laws or regulations.

The system of military justice provided by theCode authorizes non-judicial punishment for minorinfractions as well as trial by Courts-Martial formore serious offenses. The corrective devise em-ployed by the commander and the seriousness ofthe punishment adjudged in each instance is basedstrictly on the type of offense and the circum-stances involved in the individual case.

If trial by courts-martial results in a sentencewhich includes discharge, dismissal, or confinementfor a year or more, the case is automaticallyreviewed by the Court of Military Review, which iscomposed of senior military judges. If the con-viction is unheld, the accused may petition theU.S. Court of Military Appeals, the "SupremeCourt" of the military justice system. This court isempowered to take action with respect to allmatters of law presented by each case.

Pay and AllowancesThe monthly salary received by military person:

nel on active duty consists of basic pay plus specialpay and allowances for which members of theArmed Forces are qualified.

The types of military payments are as follows:

Active Duty Basic Pay is the amount paid anindividual according to his rank or grade and lengthof service.

Special Pay is generally awarded individuals inaddition to basic pay for one or more of thefollowing reasons: (1) unusually demanding orhazardous duty; (2) assignment to certain areasoutside the Continental United States; or (3)outstanding proficiency in performance of duty.

Allowances are the sums authorized for rations,quarters, clothing, travel and transportation. Theyassist in meeting some of the expenses incurred as aresult of military service.

Special Pay

Hazardous duty (incentive) pay is given to

24

persons performing duties which involve dangersnot encountered in other jobs. Aviation andsubmarine crewmen receive incentive pay based ontheir grade and length of service. This varies from$100 to $245 per month for officers; from $100 to$165 for warrant officers; and from $50 to $105for enlisted members. For all other types ofhazardous duty, officers receive $110 per monthand enlisted personnel $55.

Hostile fire pay in the amount of $65 isauthorized during any month in which a member issubject to hostile fire, except in time of wardeclared by Congress. Proficiency pay is awardedenlisted personnel for outstanding proficiency intheir specialties. Three types of proficiency pay areauthorized. One type is awarcied for superiorperformance on the job and is currently paid at therate of $30 a month. The other types are forproficiency in critical specialties and special dutyassignments and are currently authorized at month-ly rates varying from $30 to $150, depending onthe proficiency pay awarded.

Sea and foreign duty pay is paid to enlistedpersonnel while aboard ship or while stationed in

Mili

tary

Pay

Sca

les

YE

AR

S C

F S

ER

VIC

E

PAY

GRADE

UNDER 2

OVER 2

OVER 3

OVER 4

OVER 6

OVER 8 OVER 10

OVER 12

OVER 14

CO

MM

ISS

ION

ED

OF

FIC

ER

S

OVER 16

OVER 18

OVER 20

OVER 22

OVER 26

0-10

$2415.00

$2500.20

$2500.20

$2500.20

$2500.20

$2595.90

$2595.90

$2794.80

$2794.80

$2994.90

$2994.90

$3195.00*

$3195.00*

$3394.20*

0-9

2140.50

2196.90

2243.70

2243.70

2243.70

2300.43

2395.80

2395.80

2595.90

2595.90

2794.80

2794.80

2994.90

0.8

1938.60

1996.80

2044.50

2044.50

2044.50

2196.90

2196.90

2300.40

2300.40

2395.80

2500.20

2595.90

2700.30

0.7

1610.70

1720.80

1720.80

1720.80

1797.30

1797.30

1902.00

1902.00

1996.80

2196.90

2347.80

0-6

1194.00

131220

1397.70

1397.70

1397.70

1397.70

1397.70

1397.70

1445.10

1673.70

1759.20

1797.30

1902.00

2062.50

0-5

954.90

1121.70

1198.80

1198.80

1198.80

1198.80

1301.40

1388.40

1492.50

1578.30

1625.70

1683.00

0.4

805.20

979.80

1046.10-

1046.10

1064.70

1112.10

1254.90

1312.20

1369.20

1407.30

0-3

74820

836.40

§93:70

989.40

1036.50

1073.70

1187.70

1216.80

0-2

652.20

7;1.50

855.90

884.40

903.00

0-1

566.10

.389

712.50

CO

MM

ISS

ION

ED

OF

FIC

ER

S W

ITH

OV

ER

4 Y

EA

RS

SE

RV

ICE

AS

EN

LIS

TE

D M

EM

BE

RS

0.3

$989.40

$1036.50

$1073.70

$113130

$1187.70

$1235.70

0-2

884.40

903.00

931.50

979.80

1017.90

1046.10

0-1.

712.50

760.80

789.30

.817.50

846.30

884.40

WA

RW

AN

T O

FF

ICE

RS

W-4

$762.00

$817.50

$817.50

$836.40

$874.50

$912.90

$950.70

$1017.90

$1064.70

$1102.50

$1131.30

$1169.10

$1207.80

$1301.40

W-3

693.00

751.50

751.50

760.80

770.10

826.50

874.50

903.00

931.50

959.70

989.40

1027.20

1064.70

1102.50

W-2

606.60

656.10

656.10

675.30

712.50

75150

780.00

808.20

836.40

865.50

893.70

922.20

959.70

W-1

505.50

579.90

579.90

627.90

656.10

684.60

712.50

741.60

770.10

798.60

826.50

855.90

EN

LIS

TE

D P

ER

SO

NN

EL

E-9

$865.80

$885.60

$905.70

5926.40

$946.80

$965.40

$1016.40

$1115.10

E.8

. _$726.60

746.70

766.50

786.60

807.00

826.20

846.60

896.10

996.00

E-7

$507.30

$547.20

$567.60

$587.40

$607.b0

627.00

646.80

667.20

697.50

717.00

736.80

746.70

796.80

896.10

E-6

438.00

477.90

497.70

518.10

537.90

557.70

577.80

607.80

627.00

646.80

657.00

E-5

384.60

418.80

438.90

458.10

488.10

507.90

528.00

547.20

557.70

E-4

369.90

390.60

413.10

445.50

463.20

E.3

355.80

375.30

390.30

405.60

E.2

342.30

E-1

307.20

*Limited under existing law to $3000.

certain overseas areas. This pay varies from $8 permonth for the lowest enlisted grade to $22.50 permonth for persons in the top pay grade.

Diving pay, not to exceed $110 per month, ispaid to qualified divers. Officers receive $110 permonth and the amount enlisted members receivevaries from $65 to $110 per month, depending onthe rating and type of diving duty performed.

Doctors and dentists in the Armed Forcesreceive extra monthly pay based on cummulativeservice: 0-2 years, $100; 2-6 years $150; 6-10years, $250; over 10 years, $350. Additional payfor Veterinary and Optometry officers is $100 permonth. Besides the extra monthly pay, doctorsserving in critical specialties when they completetheir active duty can agree to continue on activeduty and receive up to four months' basic pay foreach additional year of the continuation agree-ment.

Allowances

Subsistence allowances of $47.88 monthly arepaid officers regardless of their pay grade ordependency status. All officers, no matter wherethey are stationed, pay their own food bills. Thecurrent subsistence allowance for enlisted person-nel is $1.65 per day.

Family separation allowances are paid undercertain conditions of family separation of morethan 30 days to members with dependents in paygrades E-4 (with over four years service) throughE-9. They can receive an allowance of $30 permonth in addition to any other allowances or perdiem to which they are entitled. Officers are eligi-ble for this allowance. In addition, a member wholeaves his dependents behind while serving overseasmay, under certain conditions, have entitlement tostill another type of family separation allowance.The amount which the member receives underthese conditions is the same as the amount of thebasic allowance for quarters without dependentspayable for his grade.

Clothing allowances are paid to enlisted mem-bers for cost and upkeep of clothing. This variesfrom $4.50 to $9.90 per month. Persons promotedto chief petty officer (E-7) in the Navy and CoastGuard receive an initial allowance of $350 topurchase uniforms.

Quarters allowances are paid to married officersand enlisted personnel to provide quarters for their

26

families. When government housing accommoda-tions are not available, unmarried officers andenlisted personnel receive quarters allowances.

Those currently effective are as follows:

Grade0-7, 0-8,

0-50-40-30-20-1W-4W -:3W-2W-1E-9E-8E-7E-6E-5E-4E-3E-2E-1

0-9,

Withoutdependents

0-10 $230.40211.80198.30178.80158.40138.00108.90172.50155.40137.10123.90130.80122.10104.70

95.71)92.7081.6072.3063.90600:

Withdependents$288.00

258.30238.80215.41)195.60175.80141.60207.90191.70173.70160.80184.20172.20161.40150.00138.60121.50105.00105.00105.00

Dislocation allowances are paid to service mem-bers upon reassignment to help defray the cost ofsettling their families in new locations. This sumamounting to one month's quarters allowance ispaid to officers, warrant officers and enlistedpersonnel in the grades of E-4 with more than twoyears service but with obligated active servicesufficient to increase the total active service to sixyears or more, E-4 with more than four yearsservice, and grades E-5 through E-9. Dislocationallowances are also payable to unmarried members,regardless of grade, wh?n government quarters arenot assigned at their new permanent stations. Anindividual who owns and moves his mobile home atgovernment expense may not be paid a dislocationallowance for that move.

Housing and cost of living allowances (in addi-tion to any other quarters and rations allowancesto which they may be entitled) are given to servicemembers stationed in some areas overseas.Amounts vary with the cost of living in the area.

Transportation allowances are paid to servicemembers when they are reassigned to new stationsor ordered on temporary duty away from theirpermanent stations. Upon honorable separationfrom the service an individual is entitled to amileage allowance from his last duty station to hishome or to the place from which ordered to activeduty. Upon retirement an individual is entitled to amileage allowance from his last duty station to ahome selected by him after travel to the home ofselection has been completed.

In addition, members in pay grade E-4 withmore than two years service but with obligatedactive service sufficient to increase the total activeservice to six years or more, E-4 with over fouryears of service, E-5 through E-9 and all officersand warrant officers, are entitled to the following:

a. Transportation allowances for travel per-formed by dependents and shipment of householdgoods at government expense when an individual isordered to a new duty station.

b. Upon honorable separation from the service,travel allowances for travel of dependents andshipment of household goods at governmentexpense, from the last duty station to home orplace from which ordered to active duty.

c. Upon retirement,. travel allowances for travelof dependents and shipment of household goods tohome of selection. Payment of travel allowancesfor dependents may not be made until travel of themember to home of selection has been completed.

Bonuses and Special Payments

Bonuses are paid to enlisted members whoreenlist within a specified period of time followingtheir disCharge from active service. The combinedtotal of reenlistment bonuses which can be re-ceived during a 20-year military career is limited to$2,000.

Members qualified to receive the regular bonus,who have been designated as having a criticalmilitary skill, may, as a special incentive, receive anadditional bonus in an amount varying from one tofour times the regular bonus. The degree of needwithin a particular military skill determines theamount of additional bonus payable.

Upon separation from the Armed Forces orreenlistment, based on the individual's basic payand allowances, payment will be made to com-pensate for unused leave.

amount of readjustment or severance pay cannotexceed $15,000.

Officers involuntarily separated from the serviceprior to reaching retirement eligibility may beauthorized readjustment pay or severance pay. Anofficer is entitled to severance pay computed oneither one (not to exceed 12 years) or two months(not to exceed 12 years) basic pay of his grade foreach year of service. A reserve officer with at leastfive years of continuous active duty immediatelybefore separation is entitled to readjustment paycomputed on either one-half (not to exceed 18years) or two months (not to exceed 12 years)basic pay of his grade for each year of service. Thereason for the officer's separation determines themethod of computation, and the maximum

Retirement Pay

The laws under which personnel may meetrequirements for retirement are numerous butgenerally speaking there are three types of retire-ment for military personnel: length of service(completion of 20 or more years of federalservice), physical disability, and, in the case ofofficers only, age.

Disability Benefits

When a service member suffers physical disability, he may be discharged, or, if eligible, retireand receive financial compensation usually in theform of monthly payments either from hisservice or from the Veteran's Administration.

In either case, the degree of disability asdetermined by a Veterans' Administration dis-ability evaluation board governs the amount ofcompensation. The degree of disability is meas-ured, or rated, on a percentile scale, ranging from10 percent to total disability.

Survivors BenefitsAn individual is assured under federal legislation

that his dependents wife, children and financiallydependent parents will be provided financialmeans if he dies while on active duty or followingdischarge as a result of disability.

The first three benefits described below (payable

by the Veterans' Administration) and SocialSecurity benefits are payable in monthly install-ments:

27

Benefits for Widows/Widowers. This benefit ispayable when the veteran's death was service-connected. The monthly payments depend uponthe veteran's military pay grade in active service.These payments may continue for life, but arediscontinued if the widow/widower remarries.

Benefits for Children. When there is no eligiblewidow/widower or the widow's/widower's pay-ments are stopped because of remarriage, monthlycompensation is payable by the Veterans' Admini-stration (VA) to the deceased service member'sminor children. For one child, the monthly pay-ment is $92; for two children, $133; for three,$172; and for each additional child, $34.

Even though there is an eligible widow/widowerentitled to compensation, each child over age 18and under 23 who attends school is entitled tomonthly payments of $47. However, such childrenmay not receive this benefit concurrently with thebenefits described under the Educational Programfor Orphans, Wives, Husbands, Widows andWidowers.

Benefits for Parents. Parents of deceased servicepersonnel also are eligible for benefits payable bythe VA. Payments to parents, made irrespective ofthe fact that the widow/widower or children alsomay be receiving benefits, are made on a slidingscale that takes into consideration the parents'income. If the parents are ineligible at the time ofthe service member's death, they may becomeeligible at some later date. Compensation for oneparent ranges from $10 to $100 monthly; for twoparents, from $10 to $70 each.

Six-Month Death Gratuity. When a service mem-ber dies -- or when a former service member dies ofa service-connected cause within 120 days afterdischarge the Armed Forces pay a lump-sumdeath gratuity to eligible survivors. The sum of thegratuity is equal to six times the monthly pay(including incentive and special pays, but notallowances) that the service member was receivingat the time of death. The law fixes an $800minimum and $3,000 maximum on this gratuity.Payment of the gratuity has no effect on any other_survivors' benefits.

Survivor Benefit Plan

On September 21, 1972, the President signedinto law a new annuity plan for survivors of retiredmilitary personnel. Under this new and inexpensive

28

plan, a service member who retires can provide amonthly income for the widow /widower anddependent children to be paid after death. Thegovernment contributes to the overall cost, and theremainder is deducted from the members retiredpay. Members with no spouse or children maydesignate a person with a natural insurable interestsuch as some near relative.

Under this plan, a service member may elect amaximum of 55 percent of his monthly retired payto be paid to the beneficiary upon death. If theretired pay is $300 or less, participation in the planmust be for the maximum amount (55 percent of$300, or of the full retired pay). An individual hasthe option to: (1) participate at the maximum rate(55 percent of the full retired pay); (2) elect toparticipate at a lesser amount;, or (3) elect not toparticipate. AU service members, within 60 days ofretirement, are counselled regarding their optionsand benefits under the plan.

Social Security

Service members are fully covered by the Feder-al Old Age and Survivors' Insurance (Social Securi-ty) program. They pay the same rates for coverageas civilians and receive the same benefits. Thus,Social Security survivors' benefits for a deceasedservice member's dependents would be additionalto all of the foregoing benefits,

VA Pension

A pension system for eligible survivors of veterr,ans who served during the Mexican Border Period,World War I, World War II, the Korean Conflict,Vietnam era periods and whose deaths are not theresult of a service-connected disability is author-ized by law. Certain income and estate limitationsapply, and the date of the widow's/widower'smarriage is considered. Monthly rates of pensionfor a widow/widower with no children, range from$17 to $81; for a widow/widower and one child,$42 to $104; and if there is yore than one child,the rate is increased by $17 for each additionalchild.

Life Insurance

Anyone entering active duty with a uniformedservice for 31 days or more is automaticallyinsured for $15,000 under the Servicemen's GroupLife Insurance Program -- unless the member elects$10,000, $5,000 or not to be insured at all. The

premium cost is 17 cents per month per $1,000, or$2.55 for the full $15,000. Upon separation fromthe service the amount of SGLI carried while onactive duty continues for 120 days, during whichtime the coverage may be converted to an individ-ual policy with any participating company licensedto do business in the veteran's state, and atstandard premium rates regardless of physical con-dition. If the veteran is totally disabled at sepa-ration, SGLI coverage continues for one year oruntil the disability ceases to be total in degree,whichever occurs first and may be converted toan individual policy at the end of the periodconcerned. No additional premium payments arerequired for either the 120-day or total disabilitypost-separation periods.

In addition to SGLI conversion, a veteran whoreceives a VA service-connected rating for whichcompensation would be paid if 10 percent or more

in degree, and who k otherwise insurable atstandard rates, may buy up to $10,000 Service-Disabled Veterans Insurance (RH) from the VA.

Other government life insurance is also availablefrom the Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance Pro-gram, for those persons who receive a VA grant forspecially adapted housing. The amount of coverageis limited to $30,000 or the outstanding mortgagebalance, whichever is the lesser.

Complete information about these life insuranceprograms is available at the nearest VA office.

Pay and Allowances Due

All pay and allowances to include accrued leavedue the service member (or unpaid retirement pay)are paid to whomever he designates. In the absenceof a designation, payment is made to his survivorsin the order specified by law.

Aid to Orphans,

Widows and Widowers

This Educational Assistance program of theVeterans Administration provides financial aid for

the sons, daughters, wives, husbands, widows andwidowers of veterans who died or were permanent-ly and totally disabled as the result of service in theArmed Forces after the beginning of the Spanish-American War. These benefits may also be paid towives and children of servicemen missing in actionor held as prisoners of war.

Eligibility Requirements for Children. As a rule,a young person (man or woman) must be between18-26 years of age and may have one living parent.If the person enters military service before the26th birthday, the period of eligibility will beextended to five years after the date of the firstdischarge or release, but not beyond age 31.

An individual may not enroll while he is in theArmed Forces, and, in order to:attend school aftermilitary service, he must have received a dischargeother than dishonorable.

Eligibility Requirements for Wives, Husbands,Widows and Widowers. This educational assistanceis available to wives and husbands of veterans whoare permanently and totally disabled from aservice-connected disability or who have suchdisability at the time of their death, or to widowsand widowers of deceased veterans who died of aservice-connected cause. Assistance is paid at thesame month' rates payable under this program forchildren, for a period of up to 36 months, and sucheligibility must be used up within an eight-yearperiod.

Type of Training. These benefits are primarilyfor students enrolling in colleges and universities,although below-college-level courses may be takenin schools which offer specialized vocationaltraining that will fit a student for a vocational goal.

Handicapped persons may receive special re-storative training essential to the normal pursuit ofeducation. Examples are speech and voice cor-rections, lip reading and braille reading and writing.

A young man or woman is generally prohibitedfrom receiving a regular high school educationunder the program. On-the-farm training, radio andtelevision training, etc., are not considered part ofthis program. Children may not receive benefits forcorrespondence school courses.

29

VeteransAssistance

ActVeterans who served on active duty for 181 days

or more, any part of which occurred after January31, 1955, and who were discharged or releasedunder conditions other than dishonorable areeligible to receive benefits under the law. Reservistsand National Guardsmen whose military serviceconsisted of "active duty for training," however,are not eligible.

Members of the Armed Forces who have servedat least 181 days in active duty status, even thoughnot discharged, are eligible while still serving onactive duty.

A veteran with less than 181 days service iseligible if he was discharged because of a service-connected disability.

Education

Under the law, veterans without dependents willreceive $220 a month while undertaking fulltimecourses, $165 for three-quarter time courses, and$110 for halftime courses. With one dependent,the rates are $261, $196 and $131 respectively;with two dependents, $298, $224 and $149. Forfulltime courses, veterans are entitled to $18additionally for each dependent in excess of two;three-quarter time course, $14 additionally; half-time courses, $9. When a veteran undertakes afulltime program of education consisting of insti-tutional courses supplemented by training in abusiness or industrial establishment, the allowancesare $177, no dependent; $208 with one dependent;and $236 for two dependents, with $14 additional-ly allowed for each dependent in excess of two.

A maximum . of 36 months of schooling isallowed. This would cover four school years ofnine months each for veterans who served on activeduty for at least 18 months and have fulfilled theirmilitary obligation. Veterans serving less that 18months receive one-and-a-half months of education

30

assistance allowance for each month served onactive duty. The maximum months allowed can beas hirh as 48 if eligibility is established under morethan one VA assistance program.

Under the Predischarge Education Program(PREP) personnel in need of remedial or deficiencystudy for high school completion or college entrypurposes can receive such study. The VA will payup to $220 for PREP studies with no loss of GI Billentitlement. Similar programs are available todischarged veterans without a charge to entitle-ment.

Each VA regional office maintains a staff ofprofessional counselors to assist veterans inchoosing an educational or vocational goal.

Apprentice or Other On-The-Job Training

An eligible veteran may take, on a fulltime basisonly, an approved program of apprenticeship orother training on the job. The employer's wages toa person beginning on-the-job training (other thanan apprenticeship) must be increased on a regularschedule. Regardless of wages paid by the em-ployer, monthly VA training assistance allowancesare paid at the following rates during approvedon-the-job or apprenticeship training: with nodependents, $160 for first six months, $120 forsecond six months, $80 for third six months, $40for fourth and any succeeding six-month periods.The foregoing rates are increased with dependents.

Flight Training

An eligible and qualified veteran or servicemember may take an approved course of flighttraining generally accepted as necessary to attain arecognized vocational objective in the field of

aviation. A private pilot's license and high medicalstandards are among requirements. The assistanceallowance is computed at the rate of 90 percent ofestablished charges for tuition and fees that non-veteran students must also pay. Entitlement (36months of schooling or lesser amount earned) isreduced one month for each $220 paid, and theallowance is paid monthly.

Employment

The job counseling and job placement portion ofthe law is administered by local state employmentoffices in cooperation with the Veterans Employ-ment Service of the U.S. Department of Labor.The benefit provides counseling and priority fortraining programs or job openings.

Home and Farm Loans

Eligible veterans and active duty service person-

nel who have served at least 181 days may obtainGI loans. Unmarried spouses of eligible veteransand service personnel who died as a result ofservice-connected disabilities may also obtain GIloans.

Loans may be used for the following purposes:

To purchase, construct, refinance or improvea home.

To buy a farm, farmland, stock, feed andseed, farm machinery and other farm supplies andequipment.

To purchase a one-family unit condominium.

To purchase a mobile home (guaranteed loansonly; no insured loans for mobile homes).

There is no expiration date for using GI loanentitlement.

Advanced EducationalPrograms

The programs outlined below are designed to:(1) fulfill service training requirements; (2) increasethe general educational level of service personnel;(3) provide financial assistance to students ofmedicine, nursing and other professions in ex-change for specific periods of active duty; and (4)give high school graduates opportunities to pursue

courses of instruction in science and engineeringthrough Civil Service and other agencies. -

In addition to the below listed programs, themilitary service provides selected officers theopportunity to earn a postgraduate degree byattending a college or university as a fulltimestudent.

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

MILI-EDUCATION TARY& LOCATION OBLI-

GATION

FURTHERINFOR-

MATION

TUITIONASSIST-ANCE

All active duty servicepersonnel except offi-cers within 2 years ofcontrolled separation.

Pay '75 percent of tui-tion fees for off-dutystudy at accreditedschools. Coast Guardpays up to $200 p'rsemester.

Studies lead-ing to bache-lor's and ad-vanced de-grees.

Most militarybases.

Two yearservice ob-ligation forofficers,none forenlistedpersonnel.

CoastGuard; oneyear.

Educationoffice at anymilitary base.

31

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

MI LI-EDUCATION TARY& LOCATION OBLI-

GATION

FURTHERINFOR-

MATION

UNITED All active duty serviceSTATES personnel.ARMEDFORCESINSTI-TUTE(USAFI)

Reduced fees for exten-sion and correspond-ence courses. After ini-tial $10 fee, the studentreceives one for enroll-ment certificate; foreach course satisfac-torily completed.

Elementarysubjectsthrough sec-ond year col-lege and tech-nical occupa-tional courses.

Notapplicable.

Educationoffice at anymilitary base.

ARMYENLISTEDSCHOOL-ING

All active duty militarypersonnel; tra iningmust meet an Armyrequirement.

Normal pay and allow-ances, p 1 u s tuition,books, training sup-plies and related fees.

Accrediteduniversities,colleges,graduateschools orother civilianeducationalinstitutions.

Personnelselectedwill reen-list for atleast 3years ordouble theeducationalperiod.

Office ofPersonnelOperations,Departmentof the Army,Washington,D. C. 20310

GENERAL All active dutyEDUCA- military personnel.TIONALDEVELOP-MENT

Academic and vocation-al at little or no cost;counseling and testingfree; training for ci-vilian employment un-der Project Transitionfor terminating service-men.

EducationCenters world-wide.

Notapplicable.

Director atany Educa-tion Center

ARMYDEGREECOMPLE-TIONPROGRAM

Active duty commis-sioned officers or war-rant officers with 3years service, or enlist-ed personnel with oneyear of service who canobtain a baccalaureateor graduate degree in24 months or less offull time college at-tendance.

On permanent changeof station orders to col-lege; receives normalpay and allowances;student pays all schoolexpenses. VA benefitsmay be available.

Baccalau- Two yearsreate or for eachgraduate year ordegrees. portionAny ac- thereofcredited after com-college or pletion ofuniversity. degree.

Directorat anyArmy Educa-tion Center.

NAVYENLISTEDSCIEN-TIFIC ED-UCATIONPROGRAM

Active duty Navy orMarine Corps enlistedmen & women in paygrade E-3 or above withhigh school educationsor equivalent. Top per-centile is chosen fromannual examination.Combined GCT/ARI of120 or above

Full pay and allow-ances, plus tuition andrelated fees.

Up to fourconsecutiveyears; BS de-gree in sci-ence, engineer-ing or mathe-matics. 21 col-leges.

Completeand serveminimumof 4 years.OCS(OCS notnecessaryfor USMCpersonnel.)

Personneloffice of anyNavy orMarine Corpscommand.

32

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

MILT-EDUCATION TARY& LOCATION OBLI-

GATION

FURTHERINFOR-MATION

NAVYCOLLEGEDEGREEPROGRAM

Active duty officerswho can obtain a bac-calaureate degree in 12months or less throughfull time attendance ata civilian college. Com-bined GCT/ARI of 115or above.

Full pay and allow-ances, officers pay alleducational expenses.

Baccalau-reate degree.Any !"

creditedcollege of:university.

One yearfor each 6months ofduty underinstruction.

Personneloffice of anynaval activity.

AIR FORCE Career-minded, activeAIRMAN duty airmen with atEDUCA- least one year activeTION & duty and 30 semesterCOMMIS- hours of college credit.

SIONINGPROGRAM

Full pay and allow-ances, plus tuition andrelated fees, for maxi-mum of 2 years resi-dence study followedby the School of Mili-tary Sciences, Officer(SMSO).

Studies lead-ing to bache-lor's degree.

Selectedciviliancolleges.

Serve 4yearsaftercommis-sioning.

Educationoffice at anyAir ForceBase.

AIR FORCE"OPERA-TIONBOOT-STRAP"TERMI-NALTDYPRO-GRAMS*NONTERM-INAL

Dependent on careerstatus, length of ser-vice and fields of study.

Permissive TemporaryDuty to completec our se requirementsfor degrees. Studentspay for all tuition,fees, books and trans-portation.Permissive TemporaryDuty to take courses re-lated to career fields.

Qualifyingbaccalau-reate orhigher de-grees.*Improve jobproficiency inareas of con-cern to the AirForce.

Serve 3times thelength ofTemporaryDuty(TDY).

Educationoffice atany AFBase.

AIR FORCEBOOT-STRAPCOMMIS-SIONINGPROGRAM

Airmen serving on sec-ond or subsequentenlistment who possessa baccalaureate degreeor can complete the de-gree requirements in 52weeks or less.

Tuition, mandatoryfees, and up to $100 intextbook allowances arepaid. Upon award ofdegree, candidates at-tend SMSO.

Studies lead-ing to bacca-laureate de-gree at collegeof choice.

Serve 4years aftercommis-sioning.

Education officeat any AF Base.

AIR FORCE All academically quali-"OPERA- fied personnel exceptTION officers within 2 yearsBOOT- of controlled separa-STRAP" tion.TUITIONASSIST-ANCE

Maximum of 75 per-cent of tuition fee.

Off-duty ed-ucation foruate, grad-undergrad-uate or tech-nical coursesat approvedschools.

Two yearsfor allofficers.

Educationoffice atany AFBase.

MARINECORPSCOLLEGEDEGREEPROGRAM

All regular and reserveofficers in the grade ofwarrant officer throughlieutenant colonel whohave sufficient creditsto enable them to com-plete their baccalaure-ate degree require-ments in a maximumof 21 months.

Ordered to college formaximum of 21 mos.,depending upon type ofdegree pursued. Per-sonnel receive regularpay and allowances.Students pay all schoolexpenses. May use in-service G.I. Bill.

Studies lead-ing to bacca-laureate de-gree at anyaccredited ci-vilian collegeor university.

Three orfour yearsdependentupon lengthof program.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CodeDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D. C. 20380

33

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

MILI-EDUCATION TARY& LOCATION OBLI-

GATION

FURTHERINFOR-

MATION

SECNAVSCHOLAR-SHIPPROGRAM

Any naval personnel onactive duty, U.S. NavalAcademy NROTCmidshipman m no haswon a scholarship forwhich he was author-ized to compete by theChief of Naval Opera-tions or Commandantof the Marine Corps iseligible for considera-tion for Navy or Ma-rine Corps scholarship.

Full pay and allow-ances plus the amountof the scholarshipwhich would not exceedthe cost of sending themember to the sameschool at governmentexpense.

Courses ofstudy whichhave a Serv-ice applicationshall be for-warded whenauthorizingNavy sponsor-ship or schol-arships. Thisprogram mustbe one ofwhich is com-patible withthe education-al needs of theservice, the in-dividual's ca-reer pattern,and militaryoccupationalspecialty.

Must agreenot to re-sign fromthe serviceduring theperiod ofthe scholar-ship and toserve atleast threetimes thelength ofthe periodof educa-tion.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CoduDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D. C. 20380Chief of NavalOperations(0p-993C1)Navy Dept.,Washington,D.C. 20350

MARINECORPS DE-GREE COM-PLETIONPROGRAMFOR STAFFNONCOM-MISSIONEDOFFICERS

All regular Marines inthe grades of sergeantselected for staff ser-geant, through firstsergeant/master ser-geant, who have suffi-cient credits to enablethem to complete de-gree requirements in amaximum a 21 months.

Full pay and allowancesplus tuition and relatedfees.

Studies lead-ing to bacca-laureate de-gree at anyaccredited ci-vilian collegeor university.

Must agreeto reenlistor extendto have 4years obli-gated serv-ice beyondcompletionof program.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CodeDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D.C., 20380

MARINECORPSOFF-DUTYPROGRAM

All active' duty servicepersonnel.

Tuition assistance orfree of charge. Profes-sional college counsel-ing available.

Off -duty edu-cation for un-dergraduate,

g-raduate ortechnicalcourses ataccreditedschools.

Two yearsfor all offi-cers receiv-ing tuitionassistance.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CodeDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D. C. 20380.

MARINECORPSASSOCI-ATEDEGREECOMPLE-TIONPROGRAM

All Marine Corps per-sonnel on active duty inthe grade of E-3 orabove who have com-pleted between 3 and 12yrs of service and pos-sess a GCT of 120 ormore and are highschool graduates orequivalent.

All tuition, books, laband other required feesfor a period of up to 21consecutive months ofschool. Personnel re-ceive regular pay andallowances.

Palomar Col-lege, Cal.;PensacolaJunior College,Fla.; JohnsonCounty Com-munity Col-lege, Kan.;and CoastalCarolinaCommunityCollege, N.C.

Must reen-list or ex-tend for be-tween 1and 4years, de-pending onlength ofschooling.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CodeDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D.C. 20380

MARINECORPSAD-VANCEDDEGREEPROGRAM

All regular and re-serve officers in thegrade of first lieuten-ant through lieutenantcolonel who meet thecriteria s td can com-plete the requirementsfor an advanced de-gree in a maximum pe-riod of 18 months.

34

Ordered to college for amaximum of 18 mos.Personnel receive regu-lar pay and allowances.Students pay all schoolexpenses.

Studies lead-ing to amasters de-gree at anyaccredited ci-vilian collegeor university.Major fieldsof study arelisted in a Ma-rine Corpsbulletin.

Three orfour yearsdependentupon lengthof program.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CodeDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D.C. 20380

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCEEDUCATION

& LOCATION

MILI-TARYOBLIGA-TION

FURTHERINFOR-

MATION

NAVY AS-SOCIATEDEGREECOMPLE-TION PRO-GRAM(ADCOP)

Navy Enlisted person-nel (E-5 and above)and Navy Warrant Of-ficers (WI-W4) meet-ing specific require-ments.

Full pay and allow-ances, plus tuition,books and related fees.

Up to 21months Asso-ciate Degreein Arts/Science 1971-72 schoolyear, 12junior collegesparticipating.

Navy en-listedsix yearsfrom enter-ing pro-gram.Navy War-rantsaf-ter gradua-tion twoyears forone ofschooling.

PersonnelOffice of anyNaval activi-ty.

SPECIALEDUCA-TIONPROGRAM

Permanent, regularand reserve officers onextended active dutywith the regular estab-lishment in the rank offirst lieutenant throughlieutenant colonel whomeet all other require-ments.

Full pay and allow-ances plus tuition andrelated fees (if as-signed to a civilian edu-cational institution).

Naval Post-graduateSchool, Mont-erey, Cal., andCivilian Edu-cational Insti-tutions as as-signed.

Officersmust agreeto remainon activeduty aftercomple-tion of spe-cial educa-tion train-ing for aperiod up to4 years.

Commandantof the MarineCorps, CodeDX, Head-quarters Ma-rine Corps,Washington,D.C. 20380

Medico/ ProgramsFinancial assistance from the Armed Forces is

available to students in certain medical programs(see listing next page) who will agree to serve intheir specialties in the Armed Forces in return forsuch aid. The active duty required varies accordingto the amount of aid rendered.

In addition to the programs outlined below, theArmy, Navy and Air Force offer a selection ofprograms which provide for internships, in-service

education leading to graduate degrees and work-study plans leading to advanced professionalstanding for student nurses, registered nurses,dieticians, occupational therapists, physical thera-pists and psychology students who have degreeswith major fields of study in appropriate areas. Allinvolve service as commissioned officers with payand allowances commensurate with education andprofessional standing in the field of specialization.Active duty varies from two to four years.

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

EDUCA-TION &LOCA-TION

MILT- FURTHERTARY INFORMATIONOBLIGA-TION

ARMEDFORCESHEALTHPROFES-SIONSSCHOLAR-SHIPPROGRAM

Students or potentialstudents of medicine,osteopathy, dentistry,veterinary medic i n e ,podiatry, optometry orpsychology at Ph.D.level.

A stipend of $400 per MD, DO, Servemonth, plus tuition and DDS, DVM, minimumcertain academic ex- dpm, od, or 2 years de-penses. Pay and allow- Ph.D. in pendentances of second lieuten- psychology. upon lengthant/ensign during 45 of program.days active duty for Certain ac-training annually. Corn- creditedpensation (exclusive of schools.tuition and other aca-demic fees and ex-penses) approximately$5300 per year.

Bureau ofMedicine andSurgery, NavyDept., Washing-ton, D,C. 20390

The SurgeonGeneral, Attn:DASG-PTP,Washington, D.C.20314

35

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

EDUCA-TION &LOCA-TION

MILI-TARY FURTHEROBLIGA- .INFORMATIONTION

ARMYSENIORMEDICALANDOSTEO-PATHICSTUDENT

Students who are intheir junior year inmedical or osteopathicschool.

Pay and allowances ofcommissioned officercommensurate withgrade.

MD or DO Serve 3degree years on

activeCertain ac- duty aftercredited internship.medical or firstOr year grad-osteopathic uate medi-schools. cal educa-

tion.

The SurgeonGeneral, Attn:DASG-PTP-SWashington, D.C.20314

ARMYSENIORVETER-INARYSTUDENT

Students who aretheir junior yearveterinary school.

in Pay and allowances ofin commissioned officer

commensurate withgrade.

DVM de-gree.

Certain ac-creditedveterinaryschools.

Serve 3years onactive dutyaftergraduation.

DASG-PTP-MGeneral, Attn:The SurgeonWashington, D.C.20314

STUDENTNURSEBACCA-LAURE-ATEPROGRAM

Full-time student nur-ses who have completedthe first 2 years inan approved college ofnursing in age group18-25.

ARMYSTUDENTDIETITIAN

Pay and allowances ofE-3 for period of par-ticipation. Tuition,books and fees arepaid.

Degree innursing.

Full-time studer,years of age, aftercompletion of sopho-more year in a pro-gram of study major-ing in food and nutri-tion or in institutionmanagement.

Pay andE-3 untilacademic

allowances ofcompletion ofrequirements.

Approvedcolleges anduniversities.

Serve 2or 3 yearsaccordingto lengthof partici-pation.

Serve 2or 3 yearsaccordingto aidreceived.

U.S. ArmyCareers,U. S. Army Re-cruiting Com-mand, Hampton,Va. 23369.

The Surgeon Gen-eral, Attn:DASG-PTP-SWashington, DC,20314

ARMYSTUDENTOCCUPA-TIONALTHERAPY

Completion of sopho-more year of collegeand enrolled in curricu-lum of occupationaltherapy. Age 18-25.

Pay and allowances ofE-3 until completion ofacademic requirements.

Approvedcollegesanduniversities.

WALTERREEDARMYINSTITUTEOFNURSING(4 yearprogram)

High school graduatesaccepted by an ac-credited 4-year collegein age group 17-23.

Pay and allowances ofE-1. Tuition and bookspaid.

Two yearsat approvedschools and2 years atWalterReed ArmyMedicalCenter.

Serve 2or 3 yearsaccordingto aidreceived.

Serve 3yearsafter re-ceivingdegree innursing.

The Surgeon Gen-eral, Attn:DASG-PTP-SWashington, DC20314

Army Careers,U. S. Army Re-cruiting Com-mand, Hampton,Va. 23369.

ARMYSENIOROPTOME-TRYSTUDENT

Students who are injunior year in optome-try school.

Pay and allowances ofcommissioned off icercommensurate w i t hgrade.

OD degree

Schools ac-credited byor holdingmember-ship in oneof the ap-propriateregionalaccreditingassocia-tions or na-tional pro-fessionalorganiza-tions.

Serve 3years onactive dutyafter grad-uation.

The SurgeonGeneral, ATTNDASGPTPM,Washington, DC20314.

36

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

EDUCA- MILI-TION & TARY FURTHERLOCA- OBLIGA- INFORMATIONTION TION

NAVYENLISTEDNURSINGEDUCA-TIONPROGRAM

Navy enlisted HospitalCorps personnel in paygrade E-4 or above whoare high school gradu-ates and have 1 yearactive duty.

Pay and allowance ofgrade, plus tuition andbooks.

Up to 4 Serve 4years, nurs- years oning degree. active duty

from dateAny accred- of corn-ited nurs- mission.ing school.

Bureau of NavalPersonnel, NavyDepartment,Washington,D. C. 20370 Attn:Pers-B623.

NAVYNURSECORPSCANDI-DATE

Nursing students (maleor female), who havea high school education,are in their sophomoreor junior year in anursing school, andwill be in age group20-29 upon graduation.

Tuition, books, pluspay and allowances ofE-3 until six monthsprior to completion ofdegree requirements atwhich- time candidatesare commissioned andreceive pay and allow-ances of an ensign.Total enrollment not toexceed 24 months.

Nursingdegree.

Any accred-ited nurs-ing school.

NAVYSENIORMEDICALSTUDENT

Students who are en-rolled in junior year ofstudy toward a degreeof Doctor of Medicine.

Pay and allowances ofa commissioned officercommensurate withgrade.

Two yearson activeduty if as-sisted for12 monthsor less, 3years if as-sisted morethan 12months.

Bureau of NavalPersonnel, NavyDepartment,Washington,D. C. 20370 Attn:Pers-B623.

MD degree Serve 3years on

Any ac- duty aftercredited completionmedical ef intern-school. ship.

Bureau of Medi-cine Code 3137Navy DepartmentWashington, D.C.20390

NAVYDIETETICINTERN-SHIP

Applicants approvedfor intern training inage group 21-311h witha baccalaureate degreein. foods and nutritionor institutional man-agement.

Pay and allowances of Dietetic Men 3an ensign. internship years, WO-

411 approved men 2by the plusAmerican month-Dietetic for -monthAssociation. for train-

ing over1 yr.

Bureau of Medi-cine and Surgery,Code 35Navy Dept.,Washington,D.C. 20390

NAVYPHYSICALTHERA-PIST STU-DENT

Applicants in a g egroup 21-311/2 within12 months of comple-tion of .Approved coursein physics:; therapy.

Pay and allowances of Baccalau- Men 3an ensign. reRte de- years, wo-

gree in men 2physical after ter -therapy.. ation

ox training.

Bureau of Medi-cine and Surgery,Code 35Navy Dept.,Washington,D.C. 20390

NAVYOCCUPA-TIONALTHERA-PIST STU-DENT

Applicants in a g egroup 21-31 V:. enrolledin an approved pro-gram occupationaltherapy.

Pay and allowances of Certificate Men 3an ensign, or degree years, wo-

in occupa- men 2tional after ter-therapy. mination

of training.

Bureau of Medi-cine and Surgery,Code 35Navy Dcpt.,Washington,D.C. 20390

AIRFORCESENIORMEDICALSTUDENT

Students who are intheir junior year ofmedical school.

Pay and allowances ofa second lieutenant.

MD degree

Any medi-cal schoolapprovedby theAir Force.

Serve 3years onactiveduty.

USAFMPC(AFMSMB3)Randolph AFB,Texas 78148

37

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY ASSISTANCE

EDUCA-TION &LOCA-TION

MILI-TARY FURTHEROBLIGA- INFORMATIONTION

AIR FORCEDIETETICINTERN-SHIP

Students in age group Pay and allowances21-28 with a baccalau- a second lieutenant.reate degree who havebeen accepted for anapproved dietetic in-ternship.

of Dieteticinternship.

Threeyearsactive dutyafter com-pletion oftraining.

USAFMPC(AFMSMB3)Randolph AFB,Texas 78198

AIR FORCEPHYSICALTHERAPYTRAINING

Students in age group Pay and allowances21-28 enrolled in the fi- a second lieutenant.nal year of an approvedcourse leading to abachelor's degree orpossess a bachelor's de-gree and have complet-ed all but the final yearof an approved certifi-cate course in physicaltherapy.

of Certificateof degree inphysicaltherapy.

Three yearsactive dutyafter com-pletion oftraining.

USAFMPC(AFMSMB3)Randolph, AFB,Texas 78148

AIR FORCE Students in age group Pay and allowances ofOCCUI'A- 21-28 in their final year a second lieutenant.'TONAL in an approved clinicalTHERAPIST occupational therapyTRAINING training program.

Certificate Threeor degree years ac-in occupa- tive dutytional after termi-therapy. nation of

traini:Ag.

USAFMPC(AFMSMB3)Randolph AFB,Texas 78148

Cooperative Work--StudyPrograms

High school graduates interested in participatingin a college cooperative education program leadingto an undergraduate degree may investigate thefollowing programs; however, these programs donot constitute the fulfillment of a military serviceobligation and do not involve active duty with anyof the Armed Forces.

Army Civil Service Cooperative Education Pro-gram for College Students. High school graduateswho can meet the Civil Service requirements areeligible for these programs. Under the work-studyprogram, which usually is of five years durationand leads to an undergraduate degree, studenttrainees receive a salary during periods of employ-ment. Upon graduation cooperative students areeligible to be employed in a career position withthe Army. Additional information concerning theArmy program may be obtained by writing to thefollowing address:

38

Deputy Chief of Staff for PersonnelAttn: Chief, Training and Development DivisionHq, Department of the ArmyWashington, D.C. 20310

Air Force Cooperative Work-Study Programs. Acooperative work-study program is a system where-by college students alternate periods of academicstudy with periods of employment and on-the-jobtraining at an Air Force activity in areas closelyrelated to their fields of study.

Eligibility: To be considered for participation ina cooperative work-study program, students mustbe accepted by or enrolled in an accreditededucational institution in a curriculum leading to abachelor's degree in an appropriate field of scienceor engineering.

Education and work: Academic study must beat an accredited college or university (1) in acooperative educational curriculum in which thework is a prerequisite for the degree, or (2) in a

curriculum adapted to the educational institutionand the Air Force activity. Work periods take placeat one of a number of Air Force activities.

Where programs are located: Cooperative work-study programs are located throughout the U.S. Atthe present time most programs are conductedwithin four major commands. Additional informa-tion concerning these programs may be obtainedby writing to the following addresses:

Air Force Logistics Command (MCACT)Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseOhio 45433

Air Force Systems Command (SCPCD)Andrews Air Force BaseWashington, D.C. 20331

Office of Aerospace Research (RRPC)Building Tempo-DWashington, D.C. 20333

Aeronautical Chart and Information Center2nd and ArsenalSt. Louis, Mo. 63118

Civil Air Patrol Scholarships. Each year Civil Air

"Need A Lift?"NEED A LIFT?, an annually revised 140

page handbook published as a part of TheAmerican Legion's Education and ScholarshipProgram, contains sources of career, scholar-ship and loan information for not only childrenof veterans but for all children. The publicationcontains information which leads students toover $4 billion in scholarships, fellowships,loans and parttime jobs to help finance theireducation. It also lists information relative tostate laws offering educational benefits. Thehandbook serves as an excellent guide forteachers and parents in planning with studentsto further their education beyond high schooLCopies are available at 50 cents (prepaid) eachor in quantities of 100 or more, 30 cents ptrcopy (prepaid) from: The American Legion,Department S, Post Office Box 1055, Indianap-olis, Ind. 46206.

Copies of A GUIDE FOR PARENTSAND STUDENTS may be secured for theprinting and postage cost of $5 (prepaid) for1,4)00 or $2.50 for 500 copies by directingorders to: The American Legion, Educationand Scholarship Program, Department A, Post

'Office Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Patrol (CAP) offers a large number of academicscholarships and grants to its members. They aredivided into four major categories: undergraduate,advanced undergraduate, graduate and technical-vocational. Scholarships and grants are awarded forany field of study related to aerospace power incollege or trade school. They vary in amounts from$500 to $1500 each and are awarded for one tofour years. The program consists of scholarshipsand grants totaling $42,000. For further informa-tion CAP members should contact their localheadquarters or write to:

Deputy Chief of StaffAerospace Education and Cadet ProgramsNational Headquarters, Civil Air PatrolMaxwell Air Force BaseAla. 36112

ASVABThe Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Bat-

tery (ASVAB) is a series of nine tests designed tomeasure the aptitude of high school students infive occupation areas. Test scores are valid inpredicting probable occupational success.

The test concentrates on electronics, generalmechanical, motor mechanical, clerical administra-tive and general technical.

Since most enlisted military occupations closelyparallel the technical vocational skills sought bycivilian industry and business, the ASVAB resultsare a useful supplement to other more academical-ly oriented tests being administered to high schoolstudents.

The ASVAB, made available to students, schoolsand local governments at no cost, is a Departmentof Defense program. The battery assists counselorsin vocational guidance regardless whether or notthe student intends to enter the Armed Forces.The student sees his vocational aptitude scoring inrelation to his peers.

School officals and counsellors may receiveadditional information on the program from:

Commanding OfficerArmed Forces Vocational Testing GroupRandolph Air Force Base, Texas 78148

Learn and EarnService Schools. The five armed services main-

tain nearly 300 technical and specialty trainingschools. Combined, they offer over 1,000 separatecourses of instruction. More than 300,000 serviceschool students graduate yearly.

39

Career FieldsArmed Forces career, or occupational, fields,

described in this chapter can be defined as groupsof related jobs in which enlisted personnel aretrained and then employed as specialists. Theservices list a total of 237 occupational fieldsArmy, 59; Navy, 67; Air Force, 47; Marine Corps,37; and Coast Guard, 28. However, these num-bers do not mean that there are 255 distinctly

different fields from which a potential service-man has to choose, for a number of the fieldslisted by any one service can be found in otherservices, with little or no difference in termsof training or skills, or even of duties. Careerfields open to women are not listed separately,but are indicated by a (W) in the column headedCAREER FIELDS.

U. S. ArmyCareer Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

ArmyNo. 11Infantry-Armor

ArmyNo. 12CombatEngineering

ArmyNo. 13Field ArtilleryCannon

ArmyNo. 15Field ArtilleryMissiles/Rocket

Personnel perform combattasks using rifles, mortars,and tank destroying missiles,tanks, personnel carriers, ar-mored reconnaissance vehicles,vehicle mounted guns, and re-lated fire control equipment.

Combat engineers performsuch construction and main-tenance functions as buildingroads and bridges, operatingpowered bridges, laying outminefields and installing boobytraps, clearing or removingminefields or booby traps, de-molishing installations, facili-ties and equipment with highexplosives, erecting temporaryshelters, and setting up ca-mouflage.

Operate and maintain guns,howitzers and auxiliary equip-ment, prepare operations andsituation maps, compute firingdata for artillery guns, oper-ate and maintain automaticweapons, and drive heavywheeled and track vehicles.

Personnel emplace launchers;assemble maintain, and pre-pare missiles/rockets for fir.ing; plan and organize localdefense; operate and maintainmissile and launcher carriersand join warhead to missile/rocket and assist in planningmissile/rocket firing opera-tions.

Participation in high schoolteam sports, automotive shopsand mechanical drawing wouldbe helpful in the infantry field.

Knowledge gained in highschool automotive mechanics,carpentry and woodworking,and mechanical drawing anddrafting courses would be use-ful in the combat engineeringfield.

Artillerymen need mechani-cal and spatial relations apti-tudes, mathematical reasoning,good vision, and stamina.Courses in mathematics, me-chanics and mechanical draft-ing would be helpful.

Requires reading and vocab-ulary aptitude to absorb andcomprehend technical data,mathematical reasoning, a n dmechanical ability.

There are no comparable ci-vilian jobs, however, the team-work, communication and lead-ership skills are directlytransferable.

Blaster, construction equip-ment operator, constructionforeman, bridge repairman,and lumberman.

Some related civilian jobsare: cartographic aid, juniordraftsman, assistant surveyor,surveyor, cartographer sur-veyor, map and topographicalworkman.

Some related civilian jobsare: draftsman, map and topo-graphical workman, cartog-rapher, surveyor and radaroperator.

40

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

ArmyNo. 16Air DefenseArtillery(W)

ArmyNo. 17CombatSurveillanceand TargetAcquisition(W)

ArmyNo. 21BallisticMissileElectronicMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 22Guided MissileElectronicMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 23Missile FireControlElectronicMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 24Air DefenseMissileElectronicsMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 25FireDistributionSystems Repair(W)

ArmyNo. 26Radar andMicrowaveMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 27CombatMissileElectronicsMaintenance

Specialists check and firemissiles, perform missile as-sembly, and control fire con-trol equipment such as radars,computers, automatic datatransmission systems, and as-sociated power supply equip-ment, operate and maintainair defense weapons.

Specialists prepare and re-vise operation and situationmaps, compute firing data forarti1iery equipment, partici-pate in s u r v e y s, operateground and aerial radars, fieldillumination, sound and flashranging equipment.

Specialists inspect, test, re-pair and maintain ballisticmissile systsms and associatedtest equipment; repair or re-move and replace malfunction.-ing components and assem-blies; and assemble and dis-assemble ballistic missiles.

Technicians inspect, test,repair and maintain guide:;missile launching controlequipment and internal con-trol devices that direct andcontrol missiles from takeoffto target.

Technicians inspect, test,maintain and repair guidedmissile fire control equipmentand related radar installationswhich guide missiles to target.

Technicians inspect, test,maintain and repair air de-fense missile fire control equip-ment and related radar equip-ment.

Technicians maintain andrepair electronic equipment offire distribution systems asso-ciated with air defense mis-siles.

Specialists install, operate,repair and maintain microwaveradio equipment, radar sys-tems, electronic navigationequipment, and TV transmit-ting and receiving equipment.

Specialists inspect, t e s t.maintain and repair tacticalmissile systems equipment andrelated checkout equipmentand trainers.

Requires mechanical andvocabulary aptitude, andarithmetical reasoning. Re-quires night vision for occupa-tion of sites at night.

Requires mechanical andspatial relations aptitudes,arithmetical reasoning, goodvision, and stamina. Coursesin mathematics, mechanics,electricity and mechanicaldrafting would be helpful.

High school courses inmathematics, physics, electric-ity, and electronics (radioand TV) would be preparationfor Army school training inthis field.

As in other electronicsfields, high school courses inmathematics, physics, electric-ity, and electronics are im-portant.

As in other electronicsfields, high school courses inmathematics, physics, electri-city and electronics are im-portant.

Knowledge gained in highschool mathematics, physics,electricity, electronics (radio& TV) and blueprint readingwould be of value.

Knowledge gained in highschool mathematics, physics,electricity, electronics (radio& TV) and blueprint readingwould be of value.

Knowledge gained in highschool mathematics, physics,electricity, electronics (radio& TV ), and blueprint read-ing courses would be useful.

Knowledge gained in highschool mathematics, physics,electricity, electronics (radio& TV) and blueprint readingwould be of value.

Draftsman, map and topo-graphical workman, carto-grapher surveyor, and radaroperator.

Draftsman, map and topo-graphical workman, carto-grapher, surveyor, electricianand radar operator.

Electronic equipment techni-cian, radar installer and opera-tor, TV service & repairman,and guided missile systemsrepair.

Electronic equipment techni-cian radar installer and oper-ator, radio operator and re-pairman, and guided missilesystems inspector (govern-ment).

Radio installation and repairinspector, electronic equipmenttechnician, radio & TV repair-man.

Radio electrician and mecha-nic, TV service and repairman.

Radio electrician and me-chanic, TV & radio repairman,radar installer and operatorand electronic equipment in-spector.

Radio electrician and mecha-nic, TV service & repairmanand electronic equipment in-spector.

Radio electrician and mecha-nic, TV service and repairman.

41

Career Fields Duties and Respoqsibilltles Qualifications Examples of Civilian Joint

ArmyNo. 31FieldCommunicationsEquipmentMointenance(W)

ArmyNo. 32Fixed PlantCommunicationsEquipmentMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 33InterceptEquipmentMaintenance(W)ArmyNo. 34Data ProcessingEquipmentMaintenance(W)ArmyNo. 35Electrical/ElectronicDevicesMaintenance(W)ArmyNo. 36WireMaintenance

ArmyNo. 41PrecisionDevices

(W)

ArmyNo. 42ProstheticAppliances(W)

ArmyNo. 43Textile andLeather Repair(W)ArmyNo. 44Metal Working(W)

42

Specialists install and main-tain Army field telephonesystems, operate field tele-phone switchboards. installand maintain field radio com-munications equipment, andmaintain drone aircraft con-trol systems.

Specialists install and main-tain fixed-station radio receiv-ing, transmitting, carrier andterminal equipment.

Specialists install, operateand maintain intercept equip-ment, and maintain electronicmeasuring and testing equip-ment and devices.

Specialists perform mainte-nance, repair, inspection,tests, and modifications ofelectrical accounting equip-ment and electronic computers.

Specialists repair and main-tain electrical/electronic, med-ical equipment; meteorologicalmeasuring equipment; andtesting equipment associatedwith nuclear weapons.

Specialists install, maintain,and repair telephone wires andcables; install and maintaintelephones, main frames, pan-els, switchboards, generators,batteries, ringing machinesand other similar equipment.

Skilled specialists repairinstruments with optical, me-chanical and electrical ele-ments used for office machine,photographic, artillery remotefire-control, and topographicsurveying purposes.

Skilled specialists make, re-pairs, and adjust orthopedicdevices of metal, plastic, wood,leather and other material;make and repair dentalprosthetic appliances; andgrind and prepare prescriptionlenses.

Skilled specialists repair andfabricate textile, canvas, andleather equipment; repair andpack cargo and personnelparachutes.

Metal workers install andrepair metal body components,radiators, fuel tanks, and re-lated items; forge, weld, andfabricate parts for metal mili-tary equipment.

High school courses inmathematics and physics andshop courses in electricitywould be helpful.

High school courses in elec-tricity, mathematics, electron-ics, and blueprint readingwould be helpful.

High school courses inmathematics, physics, electri-city, electronics (radio & TV),and blueprint reading wouldbe helpful.

High school courses inmathematics, physics and shopcourses in electricity and blue-print reading would be useful.

High school courses in elec-trical/electronics repair, blue-print reading, mathematicsand physics would be useful.

High school courses inmathematics, electricity, andblueprint reading would be ofvalue.

High school courses inmathematics, physics, electric-ity, machine shop, blueprintreading, and mechanical draw-ing would be beneficial.

High school courses inmathematics, physics, machineshop, carpentry and woodwork-ing would provide usefulknowledge.

Vocational high schoolcourses such as blueprint read-ing, electricity, machine shop,textiles, carpentry and wood-working would be useful.

Vocational high schoolcourses in blueprint reading,machine shop, metal working,automotive mechanics, me-chanical drawing and draft-ing, and basic mathematicswould be useful.

Aircraft radio electrician,communications engineer as-sistant, plant wireman, andaircraft radio electrician.

Radio controlroom techni-cian, radio control operator,radio mechanic, transmitterattendant, and radio & TVrepairman.

Radio electrician, electricalinstrument mechanic, meteoro-logical instrument repairman,and electronic equipment in-spector.

Electrical repairman, elec-tronics technician, tabulationequipment and statistical ma-chine serviceman, and comput-er maintenance.

Electrical repairman, elec-tronics technician, electronicequipment inspector, and me-teorological instrument re-pairman. Medical equipmentrepairman and aviation com-munication maintenance.

Telephone installer, repair-man, cable splicer wire chief,radio electrician, radio mecha-nic, telephone electrician, andwire communications equip-ment repairman.

Optical instrument repair-man, camera repairman, officemachine repairman, and me-teorological repairman.

Dental technician, optician,orthopedic technician, lensgrinder, dental ceramist, andoptical element inspector.

Automobile uph o l s t e r e r,parachute rigger, and furni-ture repairman.

Welder, sheet metal worker,machinist, automobile body re-pairman, metal finisher, andmachine foreman.

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

ArmyNo. 45ArmamentMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 46MissileMechanicalMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 51ConstructionandUtilities(W)

ArmyNo. 52PowerProductionand Distribution(W)

ArmyNo. 53IndustrialGas Production(W)

ArmyNo. 54Chemical(W)

ArmyNo. 55Ammunition(W)

ArmyNo. 57GeneralDuty(W)

Armament maintenance menrepair and rebuild a widevariety of weapons used bythe infantry-armor-artillerycombat team, ranging fromsmall arms and missile sys-tems to heavy artillery.

Specialists maintain and re-pair guided missile mechanicalassemblies and components;assemble, modify, and overseenuclear weapons mechanicalcomponents and associatedequipment.

Personnel in this field per-form duties as constructionand utilities workers, carpen-ters, structures specialists,masons, camouflage special-ists, pipeline specialists, soilanalysts, construction fore-men, heating and ventilatingspecialists, plumbers, heatingand cooling specialists, firefighters, water supply special-ists, utilities foremen, terrainanalysts, and electricians.

Specialists operate andmaintain stationary and port-able power generating equip-ment, nuclear power plants,and repair electric motors andgenerators, and remote con-trol and power equipment.

Technicians operate andperform operator maintenanceon plants that manufacturegaseous oxygen, nitrogen,acetylene, carbon dioxide, dryice, and hydrogen; and oper-ate auxiliary storage, handlingand transport equipment.

Chemical specialists pro-vide decontamination serviceafter chemical, biological, orradiological attacks, producesmoke for battlefield conceal-ment, repair chemical equip-ment and assist in overallplanning of chemical, biologi-cal, or radiological activities,

Ammunition specialists re-condition and salvage ammu-nition and explosives; locate,remove and destroy or salvageunexploded, spent bombs andmissiles; handle and store ex-plosives and components.

Personnel perform suchduties as: semi-skilled labor inservice and support companiesand labor pools, railway sec-tion foremen, duty foremen,tire repairmen, foundry men,sawyers, laundry and impreg-nation specialists, and gravesregistration specialists.

Preparation for training andwork in this field should in-clude high school courses inmathematics, physics, blue-print reading, machine shop,and automotive mechanics.

High school courses in math-ematics, physics, electricity,automotive mechanics, andblueprint reading would be ofuse.

Courses in carpentry andwoodworking, masonry, sheetmetal working, mechanicaldrawing and drafting, blue-print reading, and geologycould be put to direct use inthe construction activity.Knowledge gained in chemis-try, electricity, blueprint read-ing, sheet metal working,plumbing, and refrigerationcourses would be beneficialin utilities activity.

Some mechanical ability,good powers of concentration,good reasoning ability and ex-ceptional manual dexterity areimportant. Courses in elec-tricity and blueprint readingwould be helpful. Experienceas substation or generatingstation operator, or as nuclearpower plant operator would bedesirable.

Any knowledge of labora-tory work that the personentering this field is able tobring with him would be help-ful. School courses in mathematics, physics, and chemis-try would be beneficial.

High school courses in bi-ology, chemistry, and elec-tricity would provide back-ground for Army technicaltraining.

Mechanical aptitude, atten-tiveness, good near vision,normal color discrimination,manual dexterity, and hand-eye coordination.

Vary with each job.

Gunsmith, firearms assem-bly foreman, armorer, arma-ment mechanic and machinist,ordnance inspector, rigger,electrical test and instrumentrepair.

Rigger, electronic equipmentrepairman, ordnanceman, guid-ed missile inspector, and elec-trical instrument repairman.

Bricklayer, carpenter, rig-ger, structural steel worker,blaster, pipeline worker, con-struction foreman, plumber,pipe fitter, refrigerationand air-conditioning mechanic,sheet metal worker, water-works foreman, and electri-cian.

Electrical motor repairman,power plant operator, substa-tion operator, substation elec-trician, powerhouse electrician,and power-reactor operator.

Acetylene, nitrogen, oxygen,carbon dioxide, and chemicalplant operator as well as op-erating engineer, oxygen and/or acetylene gas.

Laboratory assistant (bio-.logical, chemical, or radio-logical), pumpman and repair-man (chemical), and extermi-nator.

Toxic chemical handler, am-munition inspector, and acidplant operator.

Civilian jobs are similar ex-cept for graves registrationpersonnel who collect, identify,evacuate, and bury deceasedmilitary personnel. Civilianjobs related to this are: em-balmer, funeral attendent, andidentification clerk.

43

Career Fields Duties and RI'S Si billtles Qualifications Examples of Civilian Joint

ArmyNo. '61Marine Operations(W)

ArmyNo. 62EngineerHeavyEquipmentOperation andMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 63MechanicalMaintenance(W)

Personnel perform deck andengineering duties aboard har-bor and landing craft.

Maintenance men repair andservice construction machinerysuch as graders, cranes, andtractors; repair diesel engines,fuel-injection systems, a n dauxiliary motors; operation ofconstruction machinery such asroad paving equipment, cranes,tractors, graders and auxiliaryequipment.

Automotive maintenancemen service and repair landand amphibious wheeled andtrack vehicles ranging fromcars and light trucks to heavytanks and self-propelled weap-ons; install and repair refrig-eration, bakery and laundryequipment.

Army Motor transport personnelNo. 61 operate automobiles, light andMotor Transport heavy trucks, tractor-trailers,(W) tank transporters, and am-

phibious wheeled vehicles.

ArmyNo. 65RailwayMaintenanceand Operation(W)

ArmyNo. 67AircraftMaintenance(W)

ArmyNo. 68AircraftComponentsRepair(W)

ArmyNo. 71Administration(W)

Railway maintenance andoperations specialists serviceand repair steam locomotives,boilers, and engines; diesel/electric locomotives, engines,and electrical systems; and airbrake systems; operate steamand diesel/electric locomotivesperform train crew duties; andplan the movement, placement,pickup, and receipt of railwaycars.

Aircraft maintenance menservice and perform generalmaintenance on fixed-wingand rotary-wing aircraft, oper-ate aircraft weapon systems,and serve as flying crewchiefs.

Aircraft components repair-men service and repair air-craft components and systems;repair fuel systems, powertrains, allied equipment, in-struments, and instrumentsystems; inspect, test, andrepair aircraft electrical sys-tems.

Administration personnelperform duties as clerk-typists, stenographers, legalclerks, postal clerks, medicalrecords clerks, personnel, payand administration specialists,information, broadcast andattache specialists.

44

School courses in automo-tive mechanics, blueprint read-ing, carpentry and woodwork-ing, machine shop, sheet metalworking, electricity, mathe-matics, and physics would beof value.

Preparation for trainingand work iii this field shouldinclude courses in physics,blueprint reading, automotivemechanics, electricity, andmachine shop.

High school courses in auto-motive mechanics, electricity,blueprint reading, machineshop, and physics would beuseful.

Mechanical aptitude, reason-ing and verbal ability, goodvision and hearing, and normalcolor discrimination are im-portant. School courses inautomotive mechanics wouldbe helpful

High school courses in auto-motive mechanics, electricity,machine shop, shop mathe-matics, sheet metal working,blueprint reading, carpentry,and physics would be benefi-cial.

Students who have studiedautomotive mechanics, blue-print reading, electricity,sheet metal working, mathe-matics, and physics would findsuch background of value.

Preparation for training andwork in this field shouldinclude courses in physics,blueprint reading, automotivemechanics, electricity, ani ma-chine shop.

Administration duties re-quire verbal and reasoningability and clerical aptitude.School courses in English com-position, typing, shorthand,office machines, journalism,speech and dramatics wouldbe useful.

Shipfitter, marine oiler, div-er, ship carpenter, marine ma-chinist, able seaman, electricgantry crane operator.

Diesel, automotive, engineer-ing equipment, and tractor me-chanic, motor analyst, craneoperator, asphalt and concreteequipment operator, tractorand grader operator.

Automotive mechanic, motoranalyst, bakery equipment re-pairman, refrigeration equip-ment repairman, frame andwheel alignment mechanic, andtractor mechanic.

Bus drive r, trailer-truckdriver, auto driving instructor,depot master or dispatcher andmotor transportation trafficinspector.

Repairmen of diesel loco-motives, airbrakes, boilersand engines; locomotive elec-trician, pipefitter, and round-house foreman. Also locomo-tive engineer or fireman, rail-way brakeman, switchman, de-murrage clerk, dispatcher, sta-tion agent, and station master.

Aircraft engine mechanic,air-frame repairman, airplaneelectrician, and aircraft fuelsystems mechanic.

Aircraft engine mechanic,aircraft carburetor assembler,airplane mechanic, propellermechanic, instrument repair-man, and hydraulic controlunit assembler.

Clerk-typist, secretary, em-ployment interviewer, post-al clerk, news reporter, copy-reader, editor, radio announcer,script writer, radio-TV stationmanager, public relations man,and historian.

Career Fields Dulles and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

ArmyNo. 72CommunicationsCenterOperations(W)

ArmyNo. 73Finance(W)

ArmyNo. 74Data Processing(W)

ArmyNo. 76Supply(W)

ArmyNo. 81Drafting andCartography(W)

ArmyNo. 82Surveying(W)

ArmyNo. 83Printing(W)

ArmyNo. 84Pictorial(W)

ArmyNo. 91Medical Care andTreatment(W)

Personnel process coded anduncoded messages and operatetelephone switchboards, tele-typewriters, and cryptographicmachines and devices in com-munications centers.

Finance specialists keepledgers and other fiscal re-cords, prepare budgets, pro-cess invoices and disbursingvouchers, make payments, andaudit accounts.

Skilled specialists operatea variety of electric account-ing, and automatic data pro-cessing equipment to producepersonnel, supply, fiscal, medi-cal, intelligence and other re-ports.

Supply specialists receive,store, and issue individual,organizational, and expend-able supplies and equipmentand spare parts; establish,post, and maintain stock recordcards.

Depending on specialties,personnel produce construc-tion drawings and plans.maps, charts, diagrams, andillustrated material; constructscale models of terrain, struc-tures, weapons, etc.

Surveyors collect data es-sential to construction plan-ning and map making. Otherspecialists in this field com-pute topographic and geodeticdata.

Printers compose type man-ually and by machine, operateletterpress and lithographicoffset presses, make plates,and operate bindery machinesand equipment.

Pictorial specialists operatestill, motion picture, and aerialcameras; process film; operatetelevision cameras and soundrecording and facsimile trans-mission equipment.

Specialists assist Army phy-sicians, surgeons, nurses, den-tists, psychologists, and socialworkers, veterinarians, and al-lied medical service specialistsin carrying out their profes-sional duties.

While the Army providesall the training needed in thisfield as well as in all its otherfields, the student who hasstudied typing and other com-mercial subjects would findsuch training useful.

Knowledge gained in highschool commercial courses(bookkeeping, business arith-metic, accounting, typing, andoffice machines) would be veryhelpful.

Duties require reasoning andverbal ability, clerical apti-tude, finger and manual dex-terity, and eye-hand coordina-tion. School courses in typingand office machines would behelpful.

Requires numbers abilityand perceptual speed in scan-ning and checking supplydocuments. Requires verbalability. School courses inbookkeeping, typing, and of-fice machine operation wouldbe beneficial.

High school subjects thatwould prove useful are; me-chanical drawing and draft-ing, blueprint readings com-mercial art, fine arts, geog-raphy, and mathematics.

High school courses inmathematics (through solidgeometry and trigonometry),mechanical drawing and draft-ing.

A student who has studiedgraphic arts or printing andhas worked in a print shop oroperated duplicating or photo-copy machines would findthese experiences very helpful.

School courses in chemistry,art and mechanical drawingand. drafting would providebackground for Army train.ing in the pictorial field.

Knowledge gained by study-ing such high school subjectsas biology, chemistry, hygiene.sociology, general math andalgebra would be of particular?slue.

Teletype operator, switch-board operator, telegraphic-typewriter operator, radio in-tercept monitor and code clerk,and cryptographer (govern-ment).

Payroll clerk, cost clerk,audit clerk, cashier, accountingand fiscal clerk, bookkeeper,accountant, and auditor.

Coding clerk, key punchoperator, sorting machine op-erator, machine records unitsupervisor, computer operator.

Inventory clerk, stock con-trol clerk or supervisor, shipp-ing clerk, parts man, andwarehouse manager.

Draftsman (structural, me-chanical and topographical),cartographic aid, art layoutman, model maker, commercialartist, and physical geogra-pher.

Surveyor, civil engineeringaid, map compiler, and topo-graphic or geodetic computer.

Compositor, linotype opera-tor, photolithographer, press-man, bookbinder, makeup man,and proofreader.

Commercial photographer,motion picture or televisioncameraman, recording engi-neer, and news photographer.

Social worker (case aid);practical nurse, dentist's assist-ant, surgeon's assistant, psy-chological aid, and hospitalattendant or orderly.

45

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

ArmyNo. 92LaboratoryProcedures(W)

ArmyNo. 93TechnicalEquipmentOperation(W)

ArmyNo. 94Food Service(W)

ArmyNo. 95LawEnforcement(W)

ArmyNo. 96GeneralIntelligence(W)

ArmyNo. 00SpecialAssignment(NEC)(W)ArmyNo. 01SpecialRequirements(W)

ArmyNo. 02Bandsman(W)

ArmyNo. 03SpecialServices(W)

46

Personnel in this field useequipment and supplies suchas microscopes, chemicals,test tubes and distillation ap-paratus in conducting labora-tory analyses of human speci-mens, petroleum products, andchemical, biological and radio-logical elements.

Control take off and land-ing of aircraft, operate flightsimulator for aviation pilottraining, make observationsand provide meteorologicaldata, and operate microbaro-graph and countermeasureequipment.

Food service personnelserve as cooks, bakers, andmeat cutters, and hospital foodprocessors. Through experi-ence, demonstrated ability, andpromotion, personnel reach su-pervisory positions in foodservice field.

Military police guard mili-tary prisoners and prisonersof war, enforce military order,control traffic, and investigatecrimes involving military per-sonnel.

Intelligence specialists gath-er, translate, correlate, andinterpret all kinds of informa-tion, including photographs,having any bearing on militaryplans and operations.

Field includes such jobs asdivers, dog trainers, specialduty assignments, recruiterand career counselors and drillsergeants.

Field includes such jobs aselectrical/electronic engineer-ing assistants, mechanical en-gineering assistant, civilengineering assistants, mathe-matics-statistics assistants,chemical engineering assist-ants, biological sciences assist-ants and personnel psychologyspecialists.

Bandsmen perform duties asmusicians in unit and specialbands may advance to enlistedor assistant bandleader as en-listed man or to bandmaster asw a r r a n t officer. QualifiedWarrant Officers and Com-missioned Officers may be ap-pointed as Commissioned StaffBands Officers.

Special services specialistsorganize and conduct recrea-tion, entertainment, and ath-letic programs.

Studying such high schoolsubjects as hygiene, biology,physics, chemistry, and mathe-matics would be good prepara-tion for Army training andwork in this field.

Vary with job performed.Courses in science, chemistry,physics and mathematics pro-vide a good background forfurther Army training andexperience. Emotional sta-bility, decisiveness, and clearspeech are required in con-trolling air traffic.

Students who have takencourses in home economics.chemistry, or hygiene, or whohave worked in school kitch-ens, a restaurant, bake shop,or meat market, will find suchexperience of value.

Students who have studiedsociology, and demonstratedprowess and leadership in ath-letics and other group workwill find such experience quitehelpful.

High school courses in Eng-lish composition, typing, for-eign languages, economics,geography, and history wouldbe of particular value.

Vary with each job.

Vary with each job. A back-ground in science, biology,chemistry, p'.iysics, mathematics and psychology is required.

While the Army providestwenty-three weeks of inten-sive musical training at theArmed Forces School of Mu-sic, it requires that personnelentering the field pass an in-strumental audition on a brass,woodwind, or percussion in-strument.

School courses in speech,dramatics, music, art, libraryscience, and physical educationas well as any practical ex-perience in these subjectswould be of direct value.

Biological laboratory assist-ant, petroleum tester, chemicallaboratory assistant, and foodlaboratory testing assistant.

Control tower operator, linktrainer instructor, radio opera-tor and weather observer.

Cook, chef, executive chef,caterer, baker, meat cutter,butcher, kitchen supervisor,and cafeteria manager.

Policeman, plant guard, de-tective, investigator, crime de-tection laboratory assistant,and ballistic expert.

Investigator, interpreter,cartographic aid, files search-er, translator, records analyst,research worker, and intelli-gence analyst (government).

Dog breeder, salesman, pro-motional aid, personnel andemployment technician, diver,and diver's helper.

Electrical engineer, mathe-matician, staistician, physi-Cist, chemist, chemical engi-neer, pharmacologist, biologist,and psychologist.

Bandsman, bandmaster, mu-sician, accompanist, arranger,music director, orchestrator,music teacher, orchestra lead-er, and vocalist.

Recreation director, athleticcoach or director, librarian,and radio announcer.

Career Fields Dut lee and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

ArmyNo. 04Linguists(W)

ArmyNo. 05Radio Code(W)

Personnel in this field per-form duties as translators andinterpreters.

Radio code operators trans-mit and receive messages, bykey or voice, on low or inter-mediate radio nets and radioteletype equipment.

High school courses in Englishcomposition, typing, foreignlanguages, economics, geo-graphy, and history would beof particular value.

Students who have studiedtyping and other commercialsubjects, or who have hadpractical radio or teletype ex-perience, would find suchtraining and experience quiteuseful.

Translator and interpreter.

Radio operator, code clerk(government), radiotelegraphoperator, airline radio operatorand radio news copyman.

U. S. Navyand

U.S. Coast GuardCareer Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

Navy & Perform almost any seaman-Coast Guard ship task, including operationNo. 1 of small boats, storing cargo,Boatswain's Mate handling ropes and lines, and

directing the work of deckforce personnel.

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 2Quartermaster

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 3Radarman

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 4Sonar Technician

NavyNo. 5Signalman

Perform or assist in per-forming jobs related to thenavigation of ships, steering,lookout supervision, ship-con-trol, bridge-watch duties, visu-al communications, and main-tenance of navigation aids.

Operate surveillance a n dsearch radar, electronic recog-nition and identificationequipment, controlled approachdevices and electronic aids tonavigation, serve as plottersand status board keepers.

Operate electronic under-water detection and attack ap-paratus and obtain and inter-pret information therefrom fortactical purposes. Techniciansmaintain and repair electronicunderwater sound detectionequipment.

Send and receive messagesby flashing light, semaphore,and flag hoist; handle, routeand file messages; code and de-code message headings; oper-ate voice radio; and maintainvisual signal equipment.

An important qualificationfor boatswain's mates is lead-ership. They must be physical-ly strong. A school course inpractical arithmetic is highlydesirable, and courses in alge-bra, geometry, and physics arehelpful.

Require good vision andhearing and should be able toexpress themselves clearly,both in writing and speaking.School courses in public speak-ing, grammar, geometry, andphysics are helpful.

Duties require prolonged at-tention and mental alertness.Physics, a good background inmathematics, and shop coursesin radio and electricity arehelpful. Experience in radiorepair or ham radio is valu-able.

Must have normal hearing,and clear speaking voice.School courses in algebra,geometry, physics, electricity,and shopwork are desirable.Experience as an amateur ra-dio operator is helpful.

Require good vision andhearing and should be able toexpress themselves clearly,both in writing and speaking.School courses in publicspeaking, grammar, and Eng-lish are desirable.

Motorboat operator, piersuperintendent, able seaman,canvas worker, rigger, cargowinchman, mate, longshore-man.

Barge captain, motorboatcaptain, quartermaster pilotharbor aboard merchant ships,yacht captain.

Radio operator (aircraft,ship, government service, ra-dio broadcasting), radar equip-ment foreman, and control-room man, control tower oper-ator.

Oil well sounding device op-erator, radio operator, inspec-tor of electronic assemblyelectronics technician, electri-cal repairmen.

Third mate, signalman deckcadet, harbor policeman, smallboat operator.

47

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobe

NavyNo. 6Torpedoman'sMate

NavyNo. 7Mineman

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 8Gunner's Mate

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 9Fire ControlTechnician

NavyNo. 10MissileTechnician

NavyNo. 11ElectronicsWarfareTechnician

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 12ElectronicsTechnician

Coast GuardNo. 13TelephoneTechnician

NavyNo. 14Instrumentman

Maintain and overhaul tor-pedoes and depth charges;maintain and repair ordnancelaunching equipment; launchand recover torpedoes.

Test, maintain, and repairmines, components, and minelaying equipment.

Operate and perform main-tenance on guided-missilelaunching systems, rocketlaunchers, guns, gun mounts,turrets; inspect/repair electri-cal, mechanical and hydraulicsystems involved; supervisepersonnel in ammunition stow-age.

Operate, test, maintain andrepair weapons control sys-tems and telemetering equip-ment used to compute and re-solve the many factors whichinfluence the accuracy of na-val gunfire.

Perform maintenance onFleet ballistic missiles, com-ponents, support and handlingequipment; test, adjust, cali-brate, operate, repair supporthandling equipment; handle/stow missiles.

Operate and perform main-tenance on electronic counter-measures and electronic sup-port measures, and associatedsupporting equipment; evalu-ate, process and apply inter-cept signal data, electronicsintelligence reports, and elec-tronic warfare tactics and doc-trine to operational needs.

Maintains all electronicequipment used for communi-cations, detection ranging, re-cognition, and counter-mea-sures.

Install operate, maintain,and repair all telephone, tele-graph, and teletype equip-ment; switchboards, public ad-dress systems and inter-officecommunications systems.

Maintain, repair mechanicalinstruments such as meters,gauges, office machines,watches and clocks.

48

Should possess a high degreeof mechanical and electricalaptitude. School courses inelectricity, machine shop,welding, mechanical drawing,and in practical and shopmathematics are desirable.

Possess a high degree of me-chanical aptitude . Schoolcourses in electricity, machineshop work, welding, mechani-cal drawing, and practical andshop mathematics are desir-able.

Possess a high degree of ap-titude for mechanical work.School courses in arithmetic,shop mathematics, electricity,physics, and shopwork pro-vide a desirable educationalbackground.

Perform fine, detailed work.They need to become wellqualified through extensivetraining in mathematics, elec-tronics, electricity, and me-chanics.

Have a high degree of me-chanical aptitude and manualdexterity. School courses inelectricity, electronics, mathe-matics, and physics provide ahelpful background.

Require prolonged attentionand mental alertness. Physics,a good background in mathe-matics and courses in radioand electricity are helpful.Experience in radio repair orham radio is valuable.

Possess aptitude for fine,detailed, mechanical w o r k.School courses in radio, elec-tricity, physics, algebra, trig-onometry, and shop are ofgreat value.

Possess special aptitude forwork of an electrical and me-chanical nature, and for theuse of numbers in practicalproblems. Previous electricalexperience is invaluable.

Have sufficient dexterity todo fine, detailed work. Schoolcourses in blueprint readingand practical experience in re-pairing typewriters or otheroffice machines are valuable.

Ordnance foreman, gyro-scope assembly supervisor, in-strument mechanic, electronicstechnician, motor/office ma-chine repairman.

Ordnanceman, mine assem-bler, ammunition foreman,powderman, electrician, har-bor patrolmen.

Gunsmith, armorer, lock-smith, ordnanceman, electrical/small appliance repairman.

Radar technician test rangetracker, instrument repairman,electrician, electronics techni-cian.

Electronics technician, in-strument repairman, electri-cian, test equipment repair-man.

Electronics technician, testequipment technician, calibra-tion, technician, electrician.

Electronics technician, radarrepairman, instrument me-chanic, radio repairman, elec-tronics mechanic.

Electrician, electrical equip-ment inspector, and manywhich are in the civilian fieldof telephonic communications.

Watchmaker, ins t r urn e ofmaker, typewriter serviceman,office machines mechanic, lay-out man.

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

NavyNo. 13Opticalman

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 16Radioman

NavyNo. 17CommunicationsTechnician

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 18Yeoman

NavyNo. 19Personnelman

NavyNo. 20Data ProcessingTechnician

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 21Storekeeper

NavyNo. 22Disbursing Clerk

NavyNo. 23(Coast Guard hascombined Commis-sary and Steward(64) ratings asSubsistence Spe-cialist with dutiesand qualifications acombination of thetwo.)

Maintains equipment suchas binoculars, sextants, opticalgunsights, turret and subma-rine periscopes.

Op e r a t e communication,transmission, reception, andterminal equipment; transmit,receive and process all formsof military record and voicecommunications.

Perform specialized dutiesin communications researcha n d engineering, includinganalysis and operation ofcommunications systems andequipment now in use.

Perform clerical and secre-tarial duties involving typing,filing, operating office and du-plicating equipment, preparingand routing correspondenceand reports, maintain recordsand official publications.

Recommend school and workassignments in the Navy onthe basis of information ob-tained from interviews, tests;analyze, evaluate, and classifyNavy jobs.

Operate d a t a processingequipment included sorters,collators, reproducers, and tab-ulating printers.

Order, receive, store, inven-tory, and issue clothing, food-stuffs, mechanical equipmentand other items. Coast Guardstorekeepers also perform theduties of Navy disbursingclerks.

Open, maintain, close mili-tary pay records; prepare pay-rolls; prepare reports and re-turns on public monies.

Serve as cooks, bakers, pre-pare menus, keep cost ac-counts, assist in ordering pro-visions, inspect foodstuffs.

Be capable of close, exact,and painstaking workmanship.School courses in physics, shopmathematics, a n d machineshop are helpful, as is experi-ence in optical or cameramanufacturing.

Radiomen should have goodhearing and manual dexterity.School training of a technicalnature including courses inmathematics, physic s, andelectricity is desirable. Expe-rience as an amateur radio op-erator is helpful.

Must be suited for detailedclerical work. School coursesin typing, office machines,English, library work, physics,and electricity are helpful inproviding an adequate back-ground.

Same qualifications requiredof secretaries and typists inprivate industry are needed.School courses in English andbusiness subjects, such asstenography and typewritingare helpful.

Deal successfully with peo-ple. Desirable school coursesare.: typewriting, public speak-ing, and office practice. Ex-perience in personnel work andcounseling is helpful.

Must possess a high degreeof clerical aptitude. Schoolcourses in typing, bookkeep-ing and operating business ma-chines are desirable as is ex-perience in mechanical work.

School courses in typewrit-ing, bookkeeping, accounting,commercial arithmetic, gen-eral business studies, and Eng-lish are helpful.

School courses in typing,bookkeeping; accounting, busi-ness arithmetic, and officepractice are desirable.

Should have an interest infood preparation. They musthave high standards of hon-esty and personal cleanliness.Experience or school courses infood preparation, dietetics, andrecord keeping are helpful.

Lens grinder, jewelry stonecutter, tool inspector, instru-ment maker, inspector, opticalinstructor.

Telegrapher, radio mechanic,radio dispatcher, radiotele-phone operator, news copy-man, radio operator.

Facsimile operator, commu-nication specialist, radar op-erator, radio operator, teletypeoperator.

Office manager, secretary,general office clerk, adminis-trative assistant.

Employment manager, per-sonnel clerk, vocational ad-visor, clerk typist, job analyst,organizational analyst.

Data typist, key punch op-erator, systems analyst, veri-fier operator, tabulating ma-chine operator.

Sales clerk, shipping clerk,warehouseman, buyer, invoicecontrol c l e r k , purchasingagent.

Paymaster, cashier, statisti-cal clerk, audit clerk, book-keeper, bookkeeping machineoperator, cost accountant.

Cook, pastry chef, steward,pie maker, butcher, chef, bak-er.

49

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

NavyNo. 24Ship's Serviceman

NavyNo. 25(Coast Guard hascombined Journal-ist a n d Photo-grapher's Mate(60) ratings asPhoto-Journalistwith duties andqualifications acombination of thetwo.)

NavyNo. 26Postal Clerk

NavyNo. 27Lithographers

NavyNo. 28IllustratorDraftsman

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 29Musician

Navy &Coast. GuardNo. 30Machinist's Mate

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 31Engineman

NavyNo. 32MachineryRepairman

50

Operate and manage ship'sstore activities afloat andashore, including barber, cob-bler, tailor, laundry, dry clean-ing, soda fountains, commis-saries, retail stores.

News reporting, copyread-ing, editing, and related jobsto publish information aboutservice people and activitiesthrough such media as news-papers, magazines, radio, andtelevision.

Operate Navy post offices,process incoming and outgoingmail, sell stamps and moneyorders, maintain mail direc-tories, and handle correspond-ence concerning postal opera-tions.

Perform offset lithographyand letterpress printing, in-cluding cop y preparation,camera work, assembling andstripping, platemaking, type-setting, presswork, and bind-ing.

Design, sketch, layout andletter signs, posters, charts,graphics, training aids; oper-ate equipment used in visualpresentation; make mathema-tical computations for layoutand design illustrations.

Provide music for militaryceremonies, religious services,concerts, parades, various rec-reational activities; performon one or more musical in-struments.

.naintain, repairships propulsion, auxiliaryequipment and outside equip-ment such as steering engine,refrigeration/air conditioning,laundry equipment.

Operate, maintain, repair in-ternal combustion engines,main propulsion machinery,refrigeration, assigned auxilia-ry equipment.

Maintain assigned equip-ment to support other shipsrequiring use of milling ma-chines, boring mills, other ma-chine tools found in machineshop.

Vocational or high schoolcourses in shoe repairing, bar-bering, tailoring, merchandis-ing and salesmanship, account-ing, bookkeeping, b u sin e s sarithmetic, and business Eng-lish are helpful.

Have a high degree of cler-ical aptitude. School courses inEnglish, journalism, and typ-ing are advantageous. Previ-ous writing experience, suchas working on a school news-paper, is helpful.

School courses in bookkeep-ing, accounting, business arith-metic, and typing would hehelpful.

Work with machinery andchemicals. School courses inprinting, physics, chemistry,English, and shop mathematicsare valuable in this careerfield.

Previous experience asdraftsmen, tracers, or in sur-veying is valuable. S eh o o 1courses in art, mechanicaldrawing, and blueprint read-ing are invaluable.

Exhibit proficiency onstandard hand or orchestralinstruments. Three or fouryears of instrumental music inhigh school ordinarily are suf-ficient to qualify talented per-sonnel.

Possess aptitude for work ofa mechanical nature. Schoolcourses in practical or shopmathematics, machine shop,electricity, and physics arevaluable to those entering thiscareer field.

School courser in algebra,geometry, and physics wouldbe helpful. Experience in auto-motive repair is invaluable.

Possess a high degree of ap-titude for work of a mechani-cal nature. School courses orexperience in practical or shopmathematics, machine shop,electricity, mechanical draw-ing, and foundry are desirable.

Barber, laundryman, drycleaner, retail store manager,sales clerk, tailor, and shoerepairman.

News e di t o r, copyreader,script writer, reporter, freelance writer, rewrite man, artlayout man.

Parcel Post clerk, mail clerk,mail room manager, foreman,stork clerk, cashier.

Lithographic pressman, plat-en pr e s s m a n, bookbinder,printer, photoengraver, cam-eraman, and photolithogra-pher.

Structural draftsman, tech-nical illustrator, specificationwriter, electrical draftsman,geodetic computer, graphicartist.

Music teacher, instrumentmusician, orchestra leader.music arranger, instrument re-pairman, music librarian, ar-ranger.

Boilerhouse repairman, en-gine maintenance man, ma-chinist, marine engineer, tur-bine operator, engine repair-man.

Diesel engine operator, die-sel mechanic, ignition repair-man, small engine mechanic,marine oiler, stationary engi-neer.

Engine lathe operator, ma-chinist, tool clerk, bench ma-chinist, turret lathe operator,milling machine operator, andtool maker.

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 33Boiler Technician

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 34Electrician's Mate

NavyNo. 35InteriorCommunicationsElectrician

NavyNo. 36Hull MaintenanceTechnician

NavyNo. 37Boilermaker

NavyNo. 38Legalman

NavyNo. 39Patternmaker

NavyNo. 40Molder

Operate boilers and fire-r o om machinery; transfer,test, and take inventories offuel and water; maintain boil-ers, pumps, associated ma-chinery.

Maintain power and lightingequipment, generators, motors,power distribution systems,other electrical equipment; re-build electrical equipment.

Maintain, operate all interi-or communications systems in-cluding gyrocompass systems,voice interior communications,alarms, ships controi, plotting,automated propulsion equip..went.

Fabricate, install, repair alltypes of shipboard structures,plumbing, and piping systems;qualify in techniques, skills,and use of damage control,firefighting, and nuclear, bio-logical, chemical and radio-logical defense equipment.

Maintain, weld, repair ma-rine boilers, heat exchangers,.condensors, associated equip-ment.

Provide administrative serv-ices in the areas of militaryjustice, claims, administrativelaw, and legal assistance;serve as court reporters.

Make wood, plaster, metalpatterns, core boxes, flasksused by molders in Navy foun-dries.

Operate foundries aboardship and at shore stations;make molds and cores, rigflasks, prepare heats and pourcastings of ferrous, non-fer-rous, and alloy metals; sand-blast castings and pour bear-ings.

Must show strong interestin mechanical work. Trainingin school shop courses and inpractical mathematics is de-sirable.

Possess aptitude for electri-cal and mechanical work.School courses in electrical

shop, practical and shcpmathematics, and physics arehelpful.

Possess a high aptitude forelectrical work. Courses inelectrical shop, practical andshop mathematics, experiencein electrical work is desirable.

Marine fireman, boiler shopmechanic, boiler maker,. sta-tionary engineer, boiler oper-ator, heating plant operator.

Electrician, electric motorrepairman, electrical equip -m e n t repairman, armaturewinder, radio/TV repairman.

Power house engineer, shipelectrician, station installer,instrument man, electronicstechnician.

Have high mechanical apti- Fireman, welder, plumbtr,tude. School courses in sheet shipfitter, blacksmith.metal, foundry, pipefitting,carpentry, mathematicst geom-etry and chemistry are valu-..able.

Strong interest in mechan-ical work. Training in schoolshop courses and in practicalmathematics are desirable.

Possess aptitude for detailcoupled with ability to expressself both in writing and orally.Courses in typing, shorthand,English and logic are helpful.

Perform exacting, precisework. School courses in wood-shop, f o u n d r y, mechanicaldrawing, and shop and practi-cal mathematics are very help-ful.

Completion offoundry, machineticai mathematics

courses inshop, prac-is desirable.

Marine fireman, boilermak-er, boiler shop .repaigman,boiler inspector, stationary en-gineer, marine oiler, welder.

Legal assistants, law clerk,contract clerk, title examinerand court reporter.

Template maker, industrialarts teacher, layout man, pat-ternmaker, form builder.

Foundry foreman, furnaceoperator, melter, molder, coremaker, heat treater, temperer.

Navy Construction drafting plan- School courses in algebra, Surveyor, rodman, chain-No. 41Engineering

ning and estimating, qualitycontrol, make and control sur-

geometry, trigonometry, me-chanical drawing, and drafting

man, map maker.

Aid veys, run and close traverses. are recommended. Experiencein highway construction isvaluable.

Navy Install, operate, maintain, Possess interest in mechani- Powerhouse electrician, elec-No. 42 repair electrical generating cal and electrical work. School trician, construction electri-Construction and distribution systems; courses in electricity, shop cian, electrical repairman,Electrician transformers, switchb oar d s, mathematics, and physics are

motors, controllers. helpful.telephone repairman.

51

Career Fields QuolineationsDuties and Responxibilities Examplem of Civilian Jolm

NavyNo. 43EquipmentOperator

NavyNo. 44ConstructionMechanic

NavyNo. 45Builder

NavyNo. 46Steelworker

NavyNo. '47Utilitiesman

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 48AviationMachinist's Mate

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 49AviationElectronicsTechnician

NavyNo. 50AviationOrdnanceman

NavyNo. 51AviationFire ControlTechnician

NavyNo. 52Air Controlman

52

0 p e r at e automotive andheavy construction equipment.

Maintain, repair, and over-haul automotive and heavyconstruction equipment.

Construct, maintain, repairwood, concrete, masonry struc-tures; erect/repair waterfrontstructures.

Fabricate, erect pre-engi-neered structures; erect, dis-mantle steel bridges; buildtanks, other structures.

Install, maintain, repairplumbing, heating systems,steam, compressed air, fuelstorage collection and disposalfacilities.

Inspect, maintain powerplants and related systems andequipment; prepare aircraftfor flight; conduct periodicaircraft inspections.

Test, maintain, repair avia-tion electronics equipment it:.eluding navigation, identifica-tion, detection, reconnaissance,special purpose equipment op-erate airborne C1C and elec-tronic warfare equipment.

Load bombs, torpedoes, rock-ets, guided missiles; maintain,repair, inspect aircraft arma-ment, aviation ordnance equip-ment.

Maintain and inspect air-craft weapons systems, includ-ing weapon-control radar, com-puters, computer sights, gyro-scopes, related equipment; airlaunched guided missile equip-ment.

Control traffic from air con-trol towers, radar air controlashore and afloat; operate ra-dio, radar. light signals; di-rect aircraft under VFR and1FR conditions; assist in pre-paration of flight plans.

Possess average or aboveaverage physical strength andnormal color perception.School courses in auto or elec-trical shop are helpful, as isexperience in constructionwork.

Have high degree of mechan-ical aptitude. School courses inelectrica shop, machine shop,shop mathematics, and physicsare helpful. Previous machinistor auto mechanic work is valu-able.

Possess high degree of me-chanical aptitude. Schoolcourses in carpentry and shopmathematics are desirable.Experience with hand andpower tools used in construc-tion is valuable.

Possess physical strength,stamina, and the ability towork aloft. School courses insheet metal, machine shop,foundry are desirable.

Possess high degree of me-chanical aptitude, School orapprentice training in plumb-ing and other related technicalfields, mathematics, is helpful.

Aviation machinist's matesmust volunteer for flight uutyand pass required physicalexaminations. School coursesin machine shop, automobile oraircraft engines, algebra, andgeometry are helpful.

Aviation electronics techni-cians must possess a high de-gree of aptitude for electricaland mechanical work. Schoolcourses in algebra, trigonom-etry, physics, electricity, radio,and mechanics are helpful.

Aviation ordnancemen mustvolunteer for aerial gunneryduty and pass required physi-cal examinations. Schoolcourses in algebra, physics,and electricity are of value.Experience in electrical repairwork is helpful.

Must possess superior elec-tronic, electrical, and mechan-ical aptitude. Previous train-ing in repair shops or voca-tional schoo1s, and training inmathematics are desirable.

Have high degree of accura-cy, precision, self-reliance, andcalmness under stress. Aschool course in public speak-ing or exeprience in radiobroadcasting would be helpful.

Bulldozer operator, motorgrader operator, excavationforeman, power shovel oper-ato, pile driver operator, etc.

Automotive mechanics, die-sel engine mechanic, motoranalyst, construction equip-ment mechanic.

Plasterer, roof er, mason,painter, construction worker.

Rigger, shipfitter, struc-tural steel worker, salvage en-gineer, steel fabricator, rivet-er.

Stationary engineer, plumb-er, pipe fitter, water plant op-erator, boiler operator, boilerhouse foreman, pumpman.

Airport serviceman, aircraftengine test mechanic, aircraftengine mechanic, small appli-ance repairman.

Aircraft electrician, radiomechanic, electrical repairman,instrument repairman, elec-tronics technician, TV repair-man.

Gyroscope mechanic, instru-ment man, ordnanceman, arm-ament inspector.

IInstrument man, and air-

plane electrician, electronicstechnician.

Control tower operator,radio-telephone opera tor,airplane dispatch clerk, sta-tisticall clerk, and aircraft-logclerk.

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Chinon Jobs

NavyNo. 53AviationBoatswai-a's Mate

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 54AviationElectrician's Mate

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 55AviationStructuralMechanic

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 56AircrewSurvivalEquipmentman

NavyNo. 57Aerographer'sMate

NavyNo. 58'I'radevman

NavyNo. 59AviationStorekeeper

NavyNo. 60Photographer'sMate

(See No. 25 forCoast Guard)

NavyNo. 61PhotographicIntelligenceman

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 62Hospital Corpsman

Handle aircraft on carriers;operate, maintain, repair avi-ation fueling, deluding, inertgas systems; maintain cata-pults, arresting gear, barri-cades, associated flight decklaunching, equipment.

Maintain, adjust, repair air-craft electrical and instrumentsystems including power gen-erating, conversion, lighting,electrical components of air-craft controls.

Maintain, repair aircraft,airframe structural compon-ents, hydraulic controls, utili-ty systems, egress system.

Care and packing of para-chutes; care of survival equip-ment, flight and protectiveclothing, life jackets; test andservice pressure suits.

Collect, record analyze me-teorological and oceanographicdata, enter on appropriatecharts; forecast from visual

instrumental weather ob-s-wvations.

Operate, maintain, install,repair training aids and train-ing devices: maintain audio/visual training aids.

Receive, store, issue aviationsupplies, spare parts, technicalaviation items; conduct inven-tories.

Operate, maintain, and re-pair the various types ofcameras for ground and aerialphotographic work.

Maintain and utilize intelli-gence files, prepare maps, gra-phics, mosaics. charts; extraaintelligence from aerial pho-tos; prepare intelligence re-ports.

Administer medicines, applyfirst aid, assist in operatingroom, nurse sick and injured

Should have 20/21) vision un-corrected and good hearing.School courses in shop work,physics, and chemistry are de-sirable. Experience in handlingsmall boats is helpful.

Should possess high aptitudefor electrical work. Schoolcourses such as algebra, trig-onometry, 'physics, and elec-trical shop experience in air-craft electrical work are help-ful.

Possess a high degree of me-chanical aptitude. Schoolcourses in metal shop, wood-working, algebra, plane geome-try, physics; experience inautomobile body work arehelpful.

Must perform extremelycareful and accurate work.School courses in general shopand sewing are desirable. Ex-perience in the use and repairof sewing machines is helpful.

School courses in algebrathrough trigonometry, physics,physiography, typing, trainingin meteorology and astronomyare helpful.

School courses in mathema-tics, physics, electricity, shopwork experience and instructorexperience are desirable.

School courses in bookkeep-metic, typing, and office prac-ing, accounting, business arith-tices are desirable.

Should have normal colorperception; school courses inphysics and chemistry are de-sirable.

Require skill in process-ing, assimilating, interpretingand presenting data. Schoolcourses in typing, filing, draft-ing, mathematics, geography,and photography are valuable.

High school graduates aredesired. School courses in hy-giene, biology, first aid, physi-ology, chemistry, typing, andpublic speaking are helpful.

Machinery erector, crane op-erator, airport serviceman,gasoline distributor.

Aircraft electrician, electri-cian, radio and TV repairman.

Welder, sheet metal repair-man, hydraulics technician, airconditioning repairman.

Parachute packer, parachuterepairman, parachute tester,sailmaker.

Weather observer, meteoro-logical aide, chart maker, wea-ther chart preparer.

Electronics technician, in-structor; flying/pilots instruc-tor; radio mechanic.

Clerk-typist, inventory clerk,material clerk, sales clerk, re-ceiving-shipping clerk.

Photographer, camera re-pairman, aerial photographer.

Photography, picture ana-lyst, chart maker, navigationinstructor.

Practicaltechnician,clan, nurse

nurse, medicalx-ray lab techni-administrative.

53

Career Fields Dulles and Responsibilities Qualifications Example's of Civilian Jobs

Navy &Coast GuardNo. 63Dental Technician

NavyNo. 64Steward(See No. 23 forCoast Guard)

NavyNo. 65Data SystemsTechnician

NavyNo. 66AviationAntisubmarineWarfareTechnician

NavyNo. 67AviationMaintenanceAdministra-tionman

NavyNo. 68AviationSupportEquipmentTechnician

No. 69Coast GuardMarine ScienceTechnician

54

Assist dental officers intreatment of patients, performpreventive procedures; per-form various dental depart-ment administrative duties.

Operate and manage offi-cers' messes; prepare menus;assist in ordering provisions;are responsible for the storageof food products.

Maintain electronic digitaldata systems and equipment;inspect, test calibrate, and re-pair computers, tape units,digital display equipment,data link terminal sets and re-lated equipment.

Inspect and maintain air-craft antisubmarine warfaresystems; including underwaterdetection, integrated display,associated antisubmarine war-fare equipment; test and main-tain test equipment.

Perform management andclerical duties required in air-craft maintenance offices. Thisincludes planning and schedul-ing the maintenance workload,preparing required reportsand correspondence, and ana-lyzing trends of aircraft sys-tem and component failures.

Service, test and performintermediate level maintenanceand repair of gasoline anddiesel engines, gas turbinecompressor units, power gen-erating equipment, liquid andgaseous oxygen and nitrogenservicing equipment, automo-tive electrical systems and airconditioning systems.

Make visual and instrument-al weather and oceanographicobservations; conduct routinechemical analysis; enter dataon appropriate logs, charts,and forms; and analyze andinterpret weather and sea con-ditions to furnish advice formilitary and civil use concern-ing probable changes and theireffect on operations.

Must have completed at leasttwo years of high school. Theyare interviewed for interestand aptitude prior to assign-ment. School courses in hy-giene, physiology, and chemis-try are helpful.

Possess high standards ofhonesty and personal cleanli-ness. School courses in arith-metic and home economics aredesirable. Previous experiencein cooking or baking is help_ -,ful.

Must possess high degree ofaptitude for detailed mechani-cal work. School courses in ra-dio, electricity, physics, andmathematics through calculusare helpful.

School courses in algebra,geometry, trigonometry, phys-ics, electricity, radio, and me-chanics are helpful.

Be capable of accurate anddetailed work and have an in-terest in the aviation mainte-nance field. School courses infiling and typing are desirable.

Must have a high degree ofmechanical aptitude. Schoolcourses in mathematics, phys-ics electricity, and machineshop are helpful. Previous ex-perience as auto mechanic ormachinist would be of value.

Must have the ability to usenumbers in practical problems.School courses in algebrathrough trigonometry, physics,physiography, chemistry andtyping are helpful, as is train-ing in meteorology astronomyand oceanography.

Dental technician, dental hy-gienist, X-ray technician, den-tist's assistant, dental labora-tory technician.

Cook, steward, maitre dehotel, caterer, chef, mess at-tendant.

Electrical or electronic re-pairman, computer repairman,electronic technician, data sys-tems technician.

Aircraft electrician, aircraftelectrical and radio repairman,electronics technician.

Shipping clerk, parts clerk,supply room clerk, mainten-ance clerk, office manager.

Diesel or gasoline enginemechanic, air conditioning me-chanic, ignition mechanic hy-draulics repairman.

Oceanographic techni c i a n,weather observer, meteorolo-gist, chart maker, statisticalclerk and inspector of weathera n d oceanographic instru-ments.

U. S. Air Force

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications livainples of Civilian JobsAir ForceNo. IIntelligence(W)

Air ForceNo. 2Photomapping(W)

Air ForceNo. 3Weather(W)

Air ForceNo. 4AerospaceControl SystemsOperations(W)

Air ForceNo. 5CommunicationsOperations(W)

Air ForceNo. 6Communications-ElectronicsSystems(W)

Air ForceNo. 7MissileElectronicMaintenance(W)

Intelligence personnel col-lect, produce, and disseminatedata which has strategic,tactical, or technical valuefrom an intelligence viewpoint.This includes security of in-formation.

Photomapping personnel pro-cure, compile, compute, anduse topographic, photogram-metric, and cartographic datain preparing aeronauticalcharts, topographic maps andtarget folders.

Weather personnel collect,record, and analyze meteoro-logical data; make visual andinstrument weather observa-tions. They make forecastsof immediate and long-rangeweather conditions.

Personnel in this field oper-ate control towers, directaircraft landings with radarlanding control equipment;operate ground radar equip-ment, aircraft control centers,and airborne radar equipment.

Communications operationspersonnel operate radio andwire communication equip-ment including telephoneswitchboards; teletypewriters;ground intercept and airborneradio equipment; and balloonlaunching gear.

Personnel in this field in-stall, maintain, repair, over-haul, and modify ground radioand electronic communicationequipment, early warning andradar equipment, ground elec-tronic warfare equipment, andspace command and controlequipment.

Personnel in this field in-stall, maintain, checkout, re-pair, and modify missile elec-tronic systems and relatedequipment. They also operateand maintain director aircraftand drones.

Intelligence personnel shouldhave knowledge of the tech-niques of evaluation, analysis,interpretation, and reporting.Schooi courses in foreignlanguages, English composi-tion, photography, and mathe-matics are desirable.

Photomapping personnelshould have the ability to usethe precision instruments re-quired in measuring and draft-ing. School courses in mathe-matics, drafting, and physicsare desirable.

Weather personnel are re-quired to have visual acuitycorrective to 20/20. Schoolcourses in physics, mathema-tics, and geography are desir-able.

Personnel in this field shouldhave adequate dexterity, clearvoice and speech ability, andexcellent vision. School coursesin English are desirable.

Communications operationspersonnel should have con-siderable manual dexterity,and normal hearing and eye-sight. School courses in officemachine operations and Eng-lish are desirable.

Personnel in the radio andradar systems field are re-quired to have manual dexteri-ty in the use of small toolsand parts. School courses inmathematics and physics aredesirable.

Personnel in this field musthave considerable electronicaptitude and manual dexterity.School courses in physics, andmathematics are desirable.

Cryptoanalyst, draftsman,interpreter, investigator, stat-istician, radio operator, andtranslator.

Map draftsman, topographi-cal draftsman, mapmaker, car-tographer, compass man, andadvertising layout man.

Meteorologist, weather fore-caster, and weather observer.

Aircraft log clerk, airportcontrol operator and air traf-fic controller.

Central office operator (tele-phone and telegraph), crypto-grapher, radio operator, tele-phone supervisor, and photo-radio operator.

Communications engineer,electronics engineer, radio me-chanic, radio repairman, radarequipment foreman, and radioelectrician.

Training and experience re-ceived in the missile electronicmaintenance field provide per-sonnel with knowledge for cer-tain civilian occupations, de-pending upon the degree ofproficiency achieved by indi-viduals while in service.

55

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Example. of Civilian Jobs

Air ForceNo. 8AvionicsSystems(W)

Air ForceNo. 9Training Devices(W)

Air ForceNo. 10WireCommunicationsSystemsMaintenance(W)

Air Forceco. 11

IntricateEquipmentMaintenance(W)

Air ForceNo. 12AircraftAccessoryMaintenance(W)

Air ForceNo. 13AircraftMaintenance(W)

Air ForceNo. 14Audio-Visual(W)

Air ForceNo. 15Safety(W)

Personnel in this field in-stall, maintain, and repair air-borne bomb navigation, firecontrol, weapon control, auto-matic flight control systems,radio and navigation equip-ment, electronic war f areequipment, and maintain asso-ciated test equipment.

Training devices personnelinstall, operate, repair, andmodify instrument, navigation,bombing, and gunnery trainersand flight simulators. Theywork with small tools and pre-cision test equipment.

Personnel in this field re.pair telephones, teletypewrit-ers, telautographs, crypto-graphic devices, and telephoneswitchboards and install andmaintain telephone and tele-graph land systems, andantenna and antenna supportsystems.

Personnel in this field over-haul and modify photographicand medical equipment. Theywork with fine precision toolsand testing devices, and fromblueprints and schematicdrawings.

Personnel in this field main-tain propellers, pneudraulicsystems, electrical systems,fuel systems, and other acces-sory systems normally in-stalled in airborne weaponssystems.

Personnel in this field per-form the mechanical functionsof aircraft engine installation,removal, maintenance, and re-pair; and the maintenance,repair, and modification ofhelicopters, turbo-prop recipro-cating engine, and jet aircraft.

Personnel operate aerial andground cameras, motion pic-ture and other photographicequipment; process photo-graphs and film, edit motionpictures, perform photographicinstrumentation functions, andoperate airborne, field, andprecision processing labora-tories.

Personnel in this field con-duct safety programs, surveyareas and activities to elimi-nate hazards, analyze accidentcauses and trends.

Personnel in this field arerequired to have considerableelectronic aptitude manualdexterity and normal vision,including color vision. Schoolcourses in mathematics, andphysics, are desirable.

Training devices personnelare required to have a know-ledge of electricity, mathe-matics, and blueprint reading.School courses in mathematics,and physics, are desirable.

Personnel in the wire main-tenance field must have con-siderable dexterity and manip-ulative ability. School coursesin shop mathematics and phys-ics are desirable.

Personnel in this field musthave considerable mechanicalability and manual dexterity.School courses in algebra,physics, and shop work aredesirable.

Personnel in this field shouldpossess considerable electricaland mechanical aptitude.School courses in mathematicsand shopwork are helpful.

Personnel in this field musthave considerable mechanicalor electrical aptitude and man-ual dexterity. School coursesin shop mathematics, physicsand machine shop are desir-able.

Audio-visual personnel arerequired to have considerabledexterity in the operation ofsmall precision equipment, plusexcellent eyesight. Schoolcourses in mathematics, phys-ics, and chemistry are desir-able.

Personnel in this field musthave knowledge of industrialhygiene, safety education,safety psychology, and blue-print interpretation. Schoolcourses in typing, English, andpublic speaking are desirable.

Radar maintenance, televi-sion maintenance, and preci-sion instrument maintenance.

Link trainer instructor, ra-dio mechanic.

Cable splicer, central officerepairman, telephone inspec-tor, teletype repairman, andmanual Equipment repair (cen-tral office).

Camera repairman, statisti-cal machine serviceman, andmedical equipment serviceman.

Airplane mechanic, carbure-tor man, airplane electrician,hydraulic tester, oxygen sys-tem tester, and final assemblyplumber.

Aircraft mechanic, plane in-spector, engineman, and enginetester.

Cameraman, darkroom man,film editor, aerial photograph-er, commercial photographer,photograph finisher, soundmixer, and motion pictureoperator.

Safety inspector and safetyinstructor.

56

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

Air ForceNo. 16Munitions andWeaponsMaintenance(W)

Air ForceNo. 17MotorVehicleMaintenance(W)

Air ForceNo. 18Metalworking(W)

Air ForceNo. 19Structural/Pavements(W)

Air ForceNo. 20Sanitation

Air ForceNo. 21FireProtection(W)

Air ForceNo. 22Fabric, Leather,And Rubber(W)

Air ForceNo. 23Marine(W)

Air ForceNo. 24Transportation(W)

Personnel in this field main-tain and repair aircraft arma-ment. They assemble, maintain,load and unload, and store mu-nitions and nuclear weapons.Also they dispose of bombs,missiles and sockets, and oper-ate detection instruments.

Personnel in this field over-haul and maintain poweredground vehicles and mechani-cal equipment of various typeswhich are used by the AirForce for transporting person-nel, supplies, and for suchwork as airfield construction.

Personnel in this field de-sign and produce precisiontools, parts, and assemblies;operate metalworking ma-chines such as lathes andgrinders; and fabricate and in-stall sheet metal parts. Per-forms non-destructive testingwith equipment such as X-rayand magna-flux.

Personnel in this field con-struct and maintain structuralfacilities and pavement areas,maintain pavements, rail-roads, and soil bases, performerosion control, operate heavyequipment, and perform sitedevelopment, general main-tenance, cost and real pro-perty accounting, and workcontrol functions.

Personnel in this fieldoperate and maintain waterand waste processing plantssystems, and equipment, andperform pest and rodent con-trol functions.

Fire protection personneloperate firefighting equip-ment, prevent and extinguishaircraft and structural fires,rescue and render first aid.and maintain firefighting andfire prevention equipment.

Personnel in this field in-spect parachute fabrics andmetal parts; pack and testparachutes; fabricate and re-pair fabric and leather arti-cles; repair clothing, innertubes, and life rafts; and re-tread tires.

Personnel in this field oper-ate and maintain crash boatsand utility boats which areused by the Air Force to pro-vide rapid rescue of personnelforced down over water.

Personnel in this field havethe responsibility of insuringmaximum service, efficiency,and economy of transportationof supplies and personnel byaircraft, train, motor vehicle,and ship.

Personnel in this field arerequired to have considerablemechanical or electrical apti-tude, manual dexterity, normalcolor vision and depth percep-tion. School courses in mathe-matics and mechanics are de-sirable.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses inmachine shop mathematics,as well as from training in theuse of tools and blueprints.

School courses in metal shopand advanced shop mathemat-ics will prove valuable to per-sons entering this career field.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses inblueprint reading, mechanicaldrawing, mathematics, phys-ics, and chemistry.

School courses in basicphysics, biology, chemistry,and blueprint reading willprove valuable.

Fire protection personnelare required to be in topphysical condition, with anabsence of allergies to oil andfire extinguishing solutions.Courses in general science andchemistry are desirable.

Personnel in this field mustpossess a great amount ofmanual ilex terit y. Schoolcourses in shop drawing, andlayout aro desirable, as istraining in the use of vulcan-izing equipment and poweredsewing machines.

Personnel in this field musthave a knowledge of sea navi-gation, boat operation andmaintenance. School coursesin mathematics are desirable.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses indriver training, the operationof office machines, and busi-ness arithmetic.

Aircraft armament mechan-ic, armorer, ammunition in-spector, munitions handlerforeman, powderman, and py-rotechnic mixer.

Automobile accessories in-staller, automobile repairman,bus mechanic, carburetor man,automotive electrician, andtruck mechanic.

Machinist, plater, aircraftsheet metal worker, toolmaker,acetylene welder, and weldingspecialist.

Plumber, bricklayer, carpen-ter, stonemason, and painterand construction worker.

Purification plant operator,sanitary inspector, termitetreater, vermin exterminator,and entomologist.

Fire chief, fire extinguisherserviceman, fireman, fire mar-shal, and fire departmentequipmentinan.

Airplane coverer, fabricworker, parachute inspector,tire rebuilder, upholsterer, andparachute repairman.

Able seaman, ship electri-cian, chief marine engineer,and master (water transporta-tion).

Cargo handler, motor ve-hicle, dispatcher, shippingclerk, traffic rate clerk, trailertruck driver, and ticket agent.

57

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examplem 01 Civilian Jobs

Air ForceNo. 25Food Service(W)

Air 'ForceNo, 26Supply(W)

Air ForceNo, 27Procurement(W)

Air ForceNo. 28Accounting andFinance andAuditing(W)

Air ForceNo. 29Computer Systems(W)

Air ForceNo. 30Administrative(W)

Air ForceNo. 31Printing(W)

Air ForceNo. 32information(W)

Personnel in this field,among other things, prepareand bake bread and pastryproducts; prepare and cookfood for serving.

Personnel in this field areresponsible for the design,development, analysis, andoperation of supply systemsincluding supply data sys-tems; requirements determi-nation and computation, oper-ation and management of ma-terial facilities; equipment re-view and validation; recordsmaintenance, inventory anddistribution control; budgetcomputation; financial plans;and inspection and identifica-tion.

Personnel in this field areresponsible for the procure-ment of material such asplanes, parts, and equipmentand supplies. This involvespreparation of contracts, andspecifications and advertisingfor bids.

Personnel in this field pre-pare the documents requiredto account for and disburseAir Force funds, includingbudgeting, allocation, disburs-ing, accounting, auditing, andthe preparation of cost analy-sis records.

Personnel in this field col-lect, process, record, prepareand submit data for variousautomated systems, as well asanalyze design, program andoperate computer systems,automated data products anddata elements.

Administrative personnelprepare correspondence, sta-tistical summaries, and ar-range priority and distributionsystems. They maintain files,prepare and consolidate re-ports, and arrange for graphicpresentations.

Personnel in this field oper-ate and maintain many typesof reproduction equipmentused in the graphic arts. Theyperform hand and machinecomposition, and hindi»g oper-ations.

Information personnel col-lect, evaluate, prepare, anddisseminate news If Air Forceactivities to newspapers, maga-zines, radio, and televisionstations. They also performhistorical research and writ-ing.

Personnel in the food serv-ice field must possess manualdexterity. School courses inchemistry, hygiene, and busi-ness mathematics are desir-able.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses inaccounting and business ad=ministration.

Personnel in this field mustpossess considerable clericalaptitude. School courses inbusiness arithmetic, bookkeep-ing and accounting are desir-able.

Personnel in this field arerequired to have some dexteri-ty in the operation of businessmachines. School courses intyping, mathematics, statis-tics, and accounting are de-sirable.

Personnel in .this field musthave some manual dexterityin the use of business ma-chines. School courses inmathematics, accounting, Eng-lish, and in the operation ofbusiness office machines isdesirable.

Personnel in this field musthave considerable manual dex-terity. School courses in busi-ness arithmetic, business law,business English, filing, andshorthand are desirable, as istraining in office machineoperations.

Printing personnel must pos-sess considerable mechanicalability and dexterity. Schoolcourses in spelling, journal-ism and grammer are desir-able as is training in shopmechanics.

Information personnel mustpossess considerable skill ininterviewing personnel. Schoolcourses in grammar, news re-porting, composition, proof-reading, newswriting, and edit-ing are desirable.

Beef cutter, bench hand,butcher (fish), chef, pastrycook, meat cutter, ovenman,pastry chef, pie maker, androundsman.

Junior accountant, machinerecords section supervisor, re-ceiving clerk, shipping clerk,and stock clerk.

Billing clerk, checker, gen-eral . clerk, expediter, fieldclerk, purchasing agent, ship-ping clerk, and procurementclerk.

Cost accountant, public ac-countant, auditor, bookkeeper,budget clerk, and paymaster.

Key punch operator, statis-tical clerk, statistical techni-cian, statistician, sorting ma-chine operator, machine rec-ords unit supervisor, and tabu-lating machine operator, sys-tems analyst, programer anddigital computer operator.

Chief clerk, general clerk,law clerk, office manager, postoffice clerk, secretary, stenog-rapher, and stenotype opera-tor.

Compositor, darkroom man,linotype operator, lithographicpressman, photoengraver, pho-tograph printer, photolithogra-pher, and photostat operator.

Continuity writer, copyread-er, newspaper managing edi-tor, news editor, news analyst,news specialist, public rela-tions man, historian, radionews copyn3an, and scriptwriter. ,

58

Career Fields 1)utle4 and Responsibilities Qualifications Evantples of Civilian Jobs

Air ForceNo. 33Personnel(W)

Air ForceNo. 34SpecialServirmg(W)

Air FarceNo. 33Education andTraining(W)

Air ForceNo. 36Band(W)

Air ForceNo. 37Security Police(W)

Air ForceNo. 38SpecialInvestigationsand CounterIntelligence(W)

Air ForceNo. 39Medical(W)

Air ForceNo. 40AircrewProtection(W)

Air ForceNo. 41Dental(W)

Interview, classify, select ca-reer jobs for airmen on thebasis of qualifications and re-quirements of the Air Force;administer aptitude, perform-ance tests; administer person-nel quality control programs:perform counselling, educa-tional and administrative func-tions in support of Social Ac-tions programs.

Special Services personnelconduct physical conditioning,act as coach for various sportsprograms, administers recre-ation, entertainment, sportsand club activities. Act ascoaches and referee games.

Personnel in this field con-duct formal classes of instruc-tion, use training aids, developmaterial for various coursesof instruction, and teachclasses in general academicsubjects and fundamentalmilitary matters.

Personnel in this field playmusical instruments in concertbands and orchestras, repairand maintain instruments, singin glee clubs, perform as drummajors, arrange music, andmaintain music libraries.

Personnel provide securityfor classified information andmaterial, enforce law and or-der, control traffic, and pro-tect lives and property. Theyalso are organized as localground defense forces.

Personnel in this field in-vestigate violations of theUniform Code of MilitaryJustice and applicable Federalstatutes. They investigate con-ditions pertaining to sabotage,espionage,. treason, sedition,and security.

Personnel in this field helpprovide medical, veterinary,and administrative services re-quired in a medical facility.

Personnel in this field per-form pararescue and land res-cue operations in arctic, tropi-cal, desert, and water areas,providing medical care, camperection, instruction in the useof survival techniques and pro-tective equipment.

Personnel in this field areinvolved in the operation ofdental facilities and assist indental care of personnel. In-cluded in this field are thetreatment of oral tissues andthe restoration of teeth.

Personnel in this fieldshould have completed highschool courses in Englishcomposition, speech, social sci-ences and should be familiarwith civilian occupations. Op-eration of simple data process-ing equipment and typing abil-ity are desirable attributes.

Special services personnelshould possess good muscularcoordination. School coursesin English, business arithmeticand physical education are de-sirable.

Personnel in this field arerequired to have considerableinstructor aptitude. Schoolcourses in English composi-tion and speech are desirable.

School courses in the rudi-ments of music, elementarytheory of music, and orchestra-tion are desirable.

Personnel in the security po-lice field must be in good phy-sical condition and have goodvision and hearing. Schoolcourses in civics and thesocial sciences are desirable.

Personnel in this field musthave a knowledge of law en-forcement and security regu-lations, be physically fit, andhave good hearing and vision.School courses in civics andthe social sciences are desir-able.

Personnel in this field musthave a knowledge of first aidand possess the ability to as-sist professional medical per-sonnel. School courses in an-atomy, and chemistry aredesirable.

Excellent physical qualifica-tions are required, and know-ledge of pioneering and woods-man activities is very helpful.

Jobs in the dental field callfor knowedge of oral anddental anatomy. Schoolcourses in anatomy, biology,and chemistry are desirable.

Clerical technician, employ-ment interviewer, industrialresearch worker, job analyst,personnel manager, personnelcounselor, safety man, and sta-tistical research assistant.

Athletic director, playgrounddirector, physical instructor,and manager of a recreationalestablishment.

Military instructor, com-mercial teacher, college teach-er, high school or vocationalschool teacher, tutor, and firstaid teacher.

Musical specialist, instru-mental musician, orchestraleader, and orchestrator.

Guard, penitentiary guard,police inspector, police officer,watchman, and superintendentof police.

Detective, chief of detec-tives, detective sergeant, andinvestigator.

Laboratory technician, X-raytechnician, orthopedic techni-cian, pharmacist, physicaltherapist, and surgical orderly.

No civilian job covers thescope of the jobs in this ca-reer field, but a related jobis that of a hunting or fishingguide.

Dental hygienist.

59

Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

Air ForceNo. 42First Sergeant(W)

Air ForceNo. 43MissileMaintenance

Air ForceNo. 44Mechanical/Electrical

Air ForceNo. 45SupplyServices(W)

Air ForceNo. 46Fuels

Air ForceNo. 47ManagementAnalysis(W)

First sergeants assistsquadron commanders in man-aging squadron activities andexercise general supervisionover assigned airmen person-nel.

Personnel in this field areemployed in missile engineinstallation, maintenance, andrepair; and the maintenance,repair, and modification ofmissile airframes, sub-sys-tems, and associated aero-space ground equipment.

Personnel in this field areinvolved in the installation,operation, maintenance and re-pair of air and missile basedirect support systems andequipment and missile weaponsystems support facilities.

Personnel in this field sup-ervise and operate sales stores,laundry/dry cleaning facilities,commissaries, meat proces-sing, and redistribution andmarketing activities.

Personnel in this field re-ceive, store, dispense, test, andinspect missile propellants, pe-troleum fuels and products.

Personnel in this field col-lect, process, record, control,

ianalyze, and interpret specialand recurring reports, statis-tical data, and other informa-tion.

Airmen in this career fieldmust have a knowledge of per-sonnel management and ad-ministration; military trainingand military subjects such asAir Force organization, drill,ceremonies, customs, militaryjustice, and counseling tech-niques. School courses in so-cial science, sociology and psy-chology are desirable.

Personnel in this field musthave considerable mechanicalaptitude and manual dexteri-ty. School courses in mathe-matics and machine shop aredesirable.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses inphysics, mathematics, blue-print reading, and electricity.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses inchemistry, management, andmarketing.

Personnel in this field willprofit from school courses inchemistry and arithmetic.

Completion of high school orGED equivalent is mandatoryfor personnel in this field.

No civilian job covers thescope of the duties in thiscareer field.

Electrician, airplane me-chanic, and hydraulic tester.

Elevator repairman, electri-cian, lineman, powerhouse re-pairman, diesel mechanic, pipe-fitter, steamfitter, and heatingand ventilating man.

Department manager, retailgeneral merchandise manager,meat cutters, and butchers.

Petroleum industry foremanand hulk plant manager,

Statistical clerk, accountingclerk, and budget clerk.

U. S. Marine Corps

Career Fields Indies I Responsibilities Qualifientions Examples of t'ivillan Jobs

Marine CorpsNo. 1Personnel andAdministration.(W)

Marines in this field per-form duties as personnel clas-sification clerks, administra-tive specialists and postalclerks. Work is essentiallyclerical.

Personnel and administra-tion duties require reasoningand verbal ability, and clericalaptitude. School courses inEnglish composition, typing,shorthand, and social studieswould be helpful.

Secretary-typist, vocationaladviser, employment inter-viewer-manager, office mana-ger, job analyst and postalclerk.

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Career Fields Holies and lies! Ibi Mips goalltleations Examples of Civilian Jobs

Marine CorpsNo. 2Intelligence(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 3Infantry

Marine CorpsNo. 4Logistics(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 8Field Artillery

Marine CorpsNo. 11Utilities

Marine CorpsNo. 13Construction,Equipment andShore Party

Marine CorpsNo. 14Drafting,Surveying andMapping

Marine CorpsNo. 15Lithography(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 18Tank and Am-phibian Tractor

Intelligence specialists col-lect, record, evaluate, and in-terpret all kinds of informa-tion; make detailed study ofaerial photographs, conductinterrogations in foreign lang-uages, translate written ma-terial and interpret conversa-tions.

From basic infantryman, aMarine advances as a rifle-man, machine gunner, or mor-tar gunner to become an in-fantry unit leader, who super-vises training and operationsof an infantry unit.

Logistics specialists performadministrative duties involvingthe overall supply, quartering,and transport of Marine units.They also plan the movementof supplies, troops, and equip-ment.

Field artillerymen fire andmaintain rocket and missilebatteries, heavy mortars, andself-propelled 155-mm guns,8-inch and 105-mm howitzers.Specialties range from hat -teryman to radar operator.

Installation, operation, andmaintenance of electrical,water supply, heating, plumb-ing, sewage, refrigeration, hy-giene equipment and air-condi-tioning equipment and systemsare utilities specialties.

This field involves metal-working, operation and main-tenance of fuel storage areas,operation and repair of heavyengineering and pioneer equip-mentdiesel and gasoline dri-ven and construction and re-pair of military structures andfacilities.

Specialists make architec-tural and mechanical draw-ings, surveys for constructionprojects, prepare militarymaps, make topographic maps,create or copy articles or il-lustrative materials.

This field includes letter-press and lithographic offsetprinting and reproduction.Specialists set type, operatelinotype machines, presses,process cameras, and hook-binding equipment.

Crewmen serve as drivers,gunners, and loaders in tanks,armored amphibians, and am-phibious tractors; advance totank or amphibian command-ers.

11 igh school courses ingeography, history, govern-ment, economics, English,foreign languages, typing,mechanical drafting, andmathematics would be mostbeneficial.

Verbal and arithmetic rea-soning, good vision, and stami-na are needed. General math-ematics, mechanical drafting,geography, and mechanicscourses would be helpful.

Logistics work requiresnumber facility, verbal andreasoning ability, and clericalaptitude. Mathematics, typ-ing, office machine operation,and bookkeeping would behelpful.

arithmetic reasoning, me-chanical aptitude, good vision,and stamina are important.Knowledge of mathematics,physics, mechanics, electricity,metcrology, and mathematicswould be useful.

Mechanical aptitude andmanual dexterity are impor-tant. Vocational school shopcourses in industrial arts andcrafts would be beneficialfor young men entering theutilities field.

High school vocationalcourses in automotive me-chanics, sheet metal working,machine shop, carpentry, andmechanical drafting would pro-vide most useful background.

High school courses inmathematics, mechanicaldrawing and drafting, georraphy and commerci-' artwould be preparation :ertraining and work in the draft-ing and surveying field.

Attentiveness to detail andsome mechanical aptitude arerequired of printers. Schoolcourses in general mathe-matics, printing, and othergraphic arts would be mostuseful.

Tankmen need mechanicalability, good vision, and stami-na. Vocational high schoolcourses in automotive me-chanics, machine shop, elec-tricity, and mechanical draw-ing would be useful.

Investigator, research work-er, intelligence analyst (gov-ernment), map draftsman, car-tographic aide, and recordsanalyst.

Firearms assembler, assist-ant gunsmith, policeman, im-migration inspector, and plantsecurity policeman.

Inventory clerk, shippingclerk, pier superintendent,stock control clerk or super-visor, and warehouse mana-ker.

Surveyor, geodetic comput-er, nu teorologist, radio opera-tor, recording engineer, andordnance inspector.

Electrician, plumber, steamfitter, refrigeration mechanic,electric motor repairman, andstationary engineer.

Sheet metal worker, engi-neering equipment mechanic,carpenter, road machinery op-erator, rigger, and construc-tion superintendent.

Architectural or mechanicaldraftsmen, surveyor, cartogra-pher, geodetic computer, illus-trator, and commercial artist.

Printing compositor, lino-type operator, photolithogra-pher, pressman, printingbookbinder, and printing plantmakeup man, proofreader,foreman.

Automotive mechanic, bull-dozer operator or repairman,caterpillar repairman, arma-ment machinist-mechanic, andgunsmith assistant.

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Career Fields Duties and Responolhilitleo Qualifications Example'. of Civilian Joi.

Marine CorpsNo. 21Armament Repair(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 23Ammunition, andExplosive Ord-nance Disposal.

Marine CorpsNo. 25OperationalCommunications(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 28Telecommunica-tions Maintenance(1V)

Marine CorpsNo. 30SupplyAdministrationAnd Operations(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 31Transportation(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 32Repair Services

Marine CorpsNo. 33Food Service(W)

Marine CorpsNa. 34Auditing,Finance andAccounting(W)

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Armament repairmen in-spect, maintain, and repair: in-fantry, artillery, and antiair-craft weapons; fire control op-tical instruments; operatesmachine tools or modifies me-tal parts, and maintains time-pieces and similar instruments.

Ammunition and explosiveordnance disposal techniciansinspect, issue, and supervisethe storage of ammunition andexplosives; locate, disarm ordetonate, and salvage unex-ploded bombs and other ex-plosives.

Specialists lay communica-tions wire; install and operatefield telephone equipment; setup and operate field radio,radio telegraph, radio relay,and teletypewriter equipment;encode and decode messages.

Maintenance specialists in-stall, inspect, and repair tele-phone, teletype, and crypto-graphic equipment and cables,calibrates precision electronic,mechanical, dimensional andoptical test instruments.

Suppymen perform dutiesas: electronics, ordnance, engi-neering, and automotive stock-men; aviation supply clerksand supervisors; warehouse-men; supply administrationclerks and supervisors, andallotment accounting clerks.

Transportation specialistshandle cargo and transactbusiness of freight shippingand receiving, including rout-ing and cost computing, andof passenger transportationfor Marines traveling on or-ders.

Marines in this field mayservice and repair office ma-chines, recondition and repairleather and textile equipment.

Food service personnel arecooks, bakers, or meat cutters.Designation as food servicetechnician, is gained by experi-ence and promotion. Performsurveillance inspection of sub-sistence supplies.

Auditing, finance, and ac-counting specialists prepareand audit personnel Payrecords, process public vouch-ers, and administer and auditunit fiscal accounts.

Preparation for work in thisfield should include studyingsuch high school courses asmathematics, physics, mechan-ics, machine shop, and blue-print reading, welding andheat treatment of metal andelectricity.

Knowledge of high schoollevel mechanics, general sci-ence, physics, and chemistrywould be beneficial in the am-munition and explosive ord-nance disposal field.

High school courses inmathematics, physics, typing,electricity, and electronicswould be useful in the opera-tional communications field.

Students interested in thisfield should include mathe-matics, physics, electricity, andblueprint reading courses intheir high school studies.

High school courses in typ-ing, bookkeeping, office ma-chine operation, and othercommercial subjects wouldgive useful background forsupply administration andoperations work.

High school courses in typ-ing, bookkeeping, businessarithmetic, office machine op-eration, and other commercialsubjects would be beneficial.

Vocational high school orhigh school shop courses inelectricity, mechanics, andtextiles would prove useful inthe supply services field.

knowledge gained in highschool hygiene, biology, chem-istry, home economics, andbookkeeping courses, as wellas civilian food service experi-ence, would be useful.

Interest in computationalwork, skill in arithmetic, and,attentiveness to detail are im-portant. High school coursesin typing, bookkeeping, officemachines, and mathematicswould be useful.

Armament mechanic-ma-chinist, gunsmith, time-re-cording equipment service-man, tool and die maker, radioelectrician, optical instrumentinspector, and electrical engi-neer.

Firearms and ammunitionproof director, ordnance tech-nician (government), and pow-der and explosives inspector.

Radio operator, telegraphicteletypewriter operator, tele-phone lineman, radio broad-casting traffic manager, andcommunications engineer.

Telephone installer and trou-ble shooter, radio repairman,cable splicer, and office ma-chine serviceman.

Shipping and receivingclerk, stock and inventoryclerk, stock control supervisor,warehouse foreman-manager,parts man, and purchasingagent.

Shipping clerk, cargo hand-ler, traffic rate clerk, freight.traffic agent, passenger agent,and railroad station agent.

Upholsterer, office machineserviceman, leather crafts-man.

Cook-chef, baker, meat cutteror butcher, caterer, executivechef, dietician, and restau-rant or cafeteria manager.

Payroll clerk, cost clerk,bookkeeper, cashier, bank tel-ler, accounting and audit clerk,and accountant.

Career Florida Dulles and Responsibilities qualifications Examples of Civilian Jobs

Marine Corps Marines in this field areNo. 35 automotive mechanics andMotor Transport body repairmen, motor vehicle(W) and amphibian truck oper-

ators, and supervisors andadministrators of motor trans-port units and facilities.

Marine Corps After training, Marines op-No. 40 crate data processing and cardData Systems punch machines. With experi-

ence and promotions asoperators, specialists advanceto positions as data processingaccountants or digital compu-ter programmer-operators.

Marine Corps Exchange specialists keepNo. 41 books and other financial re-Marine Corps cords, audit bookkeeping re-Exchange cords, and perform sales and(W) merchandize stock control du-

ties in a Marine Corps (post)exchange.

3Iarine Corps Information specialists ga-No. 43 ther material for, write, andPublic Affairs edit news stories, feature arti-(W) Iles, and historical reports;

gather, prepare, and edit ma-terial for radio and televisionbroadcast.

(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 44Legal Services(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 46Photography(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 49TrainingSupport(W)

Personnel in this field pre-pare forms and documents ofa legal nature, operate steno-type machines and performclerical duties.

Marine photographers oper-ate still, motion picture, andaerial cameras; develop film,and print photographs. Otherspecialists test and repaircameras, and edit motion pic-ture film.

Training support center per-sonnel operate and maintainaudiovisual equipment and per-form as illustrators and/ordraftsmen and audiovisual filmlibrarians.

Marine Carps Bandsmen play in the Ma-No. 55 rine Corps Band, unit bands,Band and drum and bugle corps; may(W) become drum majors, or assis-

tant leaders. Other skilledspecialists repair musical in-struments.

Marine Corps Nuclear, biological, andNo. 57 chemical (NBC) specialistsNuclear, Biological maintain and operate NBCAnd Chemical protective, detection, and mea-

suring equipment and instil-,'aunts; train and superviseNBC defense personnel.

Personnel in this field en-force military order, guardmilitary and war prisoners andcontrol traffic.

Marine CorpsNo. 58Military Policeand Corrections

High school shop courses inautomotive mechanics, machineshop, electricity, and blueprintreading would provide skillsuseful in the motor transportfield.

Duties require clerical apti-tude, finger and manual dex-terity, and eye-hand coordina-tion. High school courses intyping, office machines,mathematics, accounting andEnglish are useful.

High school commercialcourse subjects such as typing,bookkeeping, business arithme-tic, office machines and ac-counting would be useful.

High school courses in Eng.lish grammar and composition,typing, speech, and journalismand experience on the staff ofa school newspaper or year-book would be very helpful.

Must have considerablemanual dexterity. English,filing, typing and shorthandcourses are desirable.

Students interested in pho-tography should include intheir high school studiescourses in mathematics, phys-ics, and chemistry. A shopcourse in electricity would beuseful.

Normal color perception ismandatory. Sonic backgroundin art would be beneficial al-though not absolutely neces-sary. A shop course in basicelectronics would be extremelyuseful in the area of audio-visual equipment technician.

High school music coursesand experience as a member ofa high school band or orchestrawould be of value.

K nowledge gained inschool biology, physics,chemistry courses wouldadequate background.

Mechanic or body repairman,automobile electrical systemsrepairman, truck driver, motorvehicle dispatcher, and motortransport depot master.

Key punch operator, tabu-lating and sorting machineoperator, personnel supplyand/or fiscal computer pro-grammer.

Salesman, stock controlsupervisor, buyer, bookkeeper,accounting clerk, accountant,and auditor.

News reporter-correspondent, news rewrite man,columnist, copyreader, copyeditor, news editor, radio-tele-vision announcer, and scriptwriter.

Law clerk, court reporter,chief clerk and stenotype op-erator.

Commercial photographer,news photographer, cinemato-grapher, copy cameraman, mo-tion picture fim editor, camerarepairman, and instrument re-pairman.

Draftsman, illustrator, filmlibrarian, audiovisual equip-ment operator,- and audiovisualequipment repairman.

Musician; music librarian,music teacher, bandmaster, or-chestrator music director, or-chestra leader, and musicalinstrument repairman.

high Mine inspector, gas treater,and and laboratory assistant (bio-give logical, chemical, and radio-

logical).

Sociology students and ath-letic leaders will find their ex-perience quite helpful.

Policeman, ballistic expertand investigator.

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Career Fields Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications lixampfrs of Civilian Jobs

Marine CorpsNo. 59ElectronicsMaintenance

Marine CorpsNo. 60, 61AircraftMaintenance

Marine CorpsNo. 65AviationOrdnance

Marine CorpsNo. 66Avionics(W)

Marine CorpsN. 67Air Control/Anti-AirWarfare(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 68Weather Service(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 70AviationOperations(W)

Marine CorpsNo. 71Air Delivery

Electronics technicians in-stall, test, maintain, and repairair-search radar equipment,and radio, radio relay, soundequipment, missile landing sys-tems and guided missile Erecontrol and guidance systems.

Specialists serve as jet orreciprocating engine mechan-ics, structures and hydraulicsmechanics, aircraft safetyequipment men; prepare re-ports and schedules.

Aviation ordnancemen in-spect, maintain, and repairaviation machine guns andcannons; assemble and loadbombs and rockets; and handleand store munitions.

Technicians install and re-pair aircraft and aviationground radio and radar equip-ment and systems; repair air-launched guided missiles;serve as electricians and ins-trument repairmen, repairflight instrument trainers.

Air controllers operate air-field control towers and radio-radar air traffic control sys-tems; others, aircraft crew-men, are navigators and radioand radar operators, and anti-air warfare missile battery-men.

Specialists using variousinstruments and equipmentobserve and record weatherconditions; collect and distri-bute weather data, and fore-cast weather conditions andtrends.

Aviation Operations special-ists maintain aircraft logbooks, publications, and flightoperations records; preparereports and schedules, installand repair aircraft launchingand recovery equipment.

Marines in this field inspect,maintain, and repair para-chutes, flight survival equip-ment, and carbon dioxide andoxygen equipment: others pre-pare supplies and equipmentfor air drops.

Courses in electronics andmissile system maintenancefield, mathematics, physics,electricity, electronics, andblueprint reading would bevery useful in the electronicsmaintenance field.

High school shop courses inautomotive and aircraft me-chanics, metal working, elec-tricity, machine shop and blue-print reading, and courses inmathematics and physics.

Knowledge gained in highschool physics courses and inelectricity, hydraulics, and me-chanics shop courses would beuseful in the ordnance field.

Importance of high schoolmathematics and phy sicscourses are stressed. Highschool shop courses in electric-ity, hydraulics and electronicswould be useful.

A clear speaking voice, goodhearing, and better than aver-age eyesight are important.High school courses in speech,mathematics, and electricityand experience as a radio"ham" would be helpful.

High school courses in gen-eral science, geography, andphysics would provide usefulbackground knowledge foraerology specialists.

High school courses in typ-ing, geography, and mechani-cal drawing would be useful.

Vocational high schoolcourses in leathercraft andtextiles would be useful.

Radio and television repair-man, radio engineer, electicalinstrument repairman, record-ing engineer, communicationsengineer, and electrical engineer.

Aircraft mechanic, electricianor hydraulics specialist; avia-tion machinist or sheet metalworker; aircraft instrumentmaker-repairman.

Firearms assembler, gun-smith, imminent mechanic, andaircraft accessories repairman.

Radio and television repair-man, electrical instrument re-pairman, communications engi-neer, electrical or electronicsengineer, and radio operator.

Airport control tower oper-ator, flight radio operator,navigator, instrument-landingtruck operator, and radio ortelevision studio engineer.

Weather observer and fore-caster, airways observer.weatherman, meteorologicalplotter, flight-advisory meteorologist, and meteorologist.

Airplane dispatch clerk,flight dispatcher, timekeeper,and airport crash truck driver.

Parachute packer or repair-man, . aircraft fabric worker,automobile upholsterer, gasworker, and sewing machineserviceman.

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