doctrine update

United States Army Combined Arms Center

As of 4 February 2013


Techniques

Army Doctrine Publications (ADP)

Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP) [1 per ADP]

Field Manuals (FM)

Army Techniques Pubs (ATP)

Fundamentalprinciples

Detailed information onfundamentals

Tactics and Procedures

Authenticated version on APDInput through wiki version

[15 ADPs]

[50 FMs]

TechniquesTechniquesTechniquesTechniques Techniques

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

2

Doctrine 2015 Overview

ADRP 3-28


• A Department of the Army Publication that contains the “Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application (JP 1-02).”

• Explains the fundamentals of the subject and how these support ADP 3-0, Operations.

• ADP 1 (The Army), 3-0 (Unified Land Operations), 7-0 (Training), and 6-22 (Army Leadership) are approved by the Chief of Staff of the Army. All other ADPs approved by the

CAC CG.

• Generally limited to approximately 10 pages.

3

VideoBookDemo

Army Doctrine Publications (ADP)


• ADPs are supported by an ADRP - “detailed explanation of all doctrinal principles which provide the foundational understanding so everyone in the Army can interpret it the same way.” • Army Doctrine (Department of the Army Publication) of less than 100 pages and approved by the CAC CG.

4

Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP)

IMIDemo

ADRP 3-28


• Army Doctrine (Department of the Army Publication) that lays out tactics and procedures:

• Main body (maximum of 200 pages) contains tactics -“The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other (JP 1-02).”

• Appendices contain procedures - “standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks (JP 1-02”). Procedures require stringent adherence to steps without variance.

• Describes how the Army executes operations described in ADP.

• FMs are approved by the CAC CG as the TRADOC proponent for Army Doctrine.

• There will be 50 FMs.

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

FieldManual

5

Doctrine Knowledge Map

Demo

Field Manuals (FM)

Decisive Action

Reference Publications

Branches

Types of Operations/Activities

Warfighting Functions

OtherEchelons

FM 3-07Stability

Operations

FM 3-90/1Offense

AndDefense

FM 3-90/2Recon,

Security and

Enabling Tasks

FM 6-99Report and MessageFormat

FM 7-15Army

Universal Task List

FM 27-10The Law of

Land Warfare

FM 6-0Commander

and Staff Officer

Guidance

FM 2-0Intelligence

FM 3-09Field

Artillery Operations

FM 4-95 Logistics

Operations

FM 3-05Army

Special Operations

FM 3-95Infantry BrigadeCombat

Team Operations

FM 3-96ArmoredBrigade Combat

Team Operations

FM 3-97Stryker Brigade Combat

Team Operations

FM 3-98Recon and

Security Organizations

FM 4-02ArmyHealthSystem

FM 6-02Signal

Support to Operations

FM 3-01Air and Missile Defense

Operations

FM 3-11CBRN

Operations

FM 3-39Military Police

Operations

FM 3-04Aviation

Operations

FM 1-0Human

Resources Support

FM 3-57Civil Affairs

FM 3-53Military

Information Support

Operations

FM 3-34Engineer

Operations

FM 3-61Army Public Affairs

FM 4-01Transport-

ation

FM 4-30Ordnance

Operations

FM 4-40Quarter-master

Operations

FM 1-05Religious Support

FM 1-06Financial

Management Operations

FM 1-04Legal

Support tothe

OperationalArmy

FM 3-94Echelons

Above Brigade

FM 3-55Information Collection

FM 3-81

Maneuver Enhancement

BDE

FM 3-63Internment

and Resettlement

FM 3-13Inform and Influence Activities

FM 3-38

Cyber- Electromagn

etic Activities

FM 3-14ArmySpace

Operations

FM 2-22.3HUMINT Collector

Operations

FM 3-52Airspace Control

FM 3-24Counter-

insurgency

FM 3-50PersonnelRecovery

FM 3-27Army Global

Ballistic Missile Defense

Operations

FM 3-16Multinational Operations

FM 3-99Airborneand Air Assault

Operations

FM 3-22Army

Support to Security

Cooperation

FM 5-02Operational

Environment

Special Category

FM 7-22Army

Physical Readiness

Training

Doctrine 2015 FMs


TechniquesTechniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques

• Publications that contain techniques - “Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks (JP 1-02).”

• Each authenticated techniques pub has a draft version on a Wiki site:• Wiki version allows input from the field to rapidly change approved publication• Each technique pub has an assigned proponent responsible for monitoring input

via Wiki and making changes to the authenticated publication.

• No limit on the size of techniques or how many separate documents.

• Approval authority is the proponent.

DraftTechniques

DraftTechniques

DraftTechniques

DraftTechniques

DraftTechniques

DraftTechniques

DepartmentalPublication

On Wiki Site – Feeder for changes

to approved pub

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milWikiDemo

Army Techniques Pubs

https://www.milsuite.mil/wiki/Wiki/Portal:Army_Doctrine




31 Aug 2012: ADP/ADRPs complete Done (except ADRPs 1 & 3-28)

31 Dec 2013: All Doctrine 2015 FMs complete

31 Dec 2015: All remaining knowledge transitioned to Army Techniques Publications with a draft version of each on a milwiki site

8

Doctrine 2015 Transition Timeline

United States Army Combined Arms Center As of 19 SEP12

ADP 1 – The ArmyThe Army’s Roles The Army’s Mission -

Fight and win the Nation’s wars through prompt and sustained land

combat, as part of the joint force Trust Military Expertise

Esprit de Corps Honorable Service

Stewardship Military & civilian

professionals

Security cooperationForce Tailoring

Entry operationsMission command

Support joint & Army forcesDSCA

Mobilize & integrate the Reserve Components

Core Competencies

Enabling Competencies

Our Profession

Combined arms maneuverWide area security

Win the current fight Develop the Future Army

Maintain reserve readinessAll-volunteer force

Develop future leaders Strengthen the profession

Soldiers for life

Our Continuing Duty

PreventShapeWin

The Army is Landpower

UNCLASSIFIED

9

ADP 1THE ARMY

SEPTEMBER 2012DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future

10

1905

19231939

19411944

194919541962196819761982

19931986

The 19th edition of the Army’s capstone operational doctrine

2001

20111905-1938: Field Service Regulations1939-2000: FM 100-5, Operations2001-2008: FM 3-0, Operations2011- : ADP/ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations

19141913

2008

10

1910

Reasons for Change • Significant recent operational

experience• Evolving policy and doctrine• Joint and Army transformation


Enduring Themes• Emphasis on Leadership and Soldiers• Importance of Initiative • Mission Command• The Operational Environment• Simultaneous Offense, Defense, Stability or DSCA • Concept of Combat Power• Warfighting Functions• Operations Process• Joint Interdependence• Principles of War• Operational Art• Unified Action

2008

11


New, Added, or Significantly Modified • Range of Military Operations • Operational Concept - Unified Land Operations• Decisive Action • Core Competencies• Tenets• Operational Art• Army Design Methodology• Operational FrameworkEliminated• Full Spectrum Operations• Spectrum of Conflict• Operational Themes

Changes

2008

12

A Blueprint for an Uncertain Future 13


Range of Military Operations

Arms Control and Disarmament (JP 3-0) Noncombatant Evacuation (JP 3-68)

Civil Support/DSCA (JP 3-28 and FM 3-28) Peace Operations (JP 3-07.3)

Combating Terrorism (JP 3-07.2) Raid (FM 3-90)Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (JP 3‑40) Recovery Operations (JP 3-50 and FM 3-50.1)

Counterinsurgency (JP 3-24 and FM 3-24) Security Force Assistance (AR 12-1 and FM 3‑07.1)

Enforcement of Sanctions (JP 3-0) Show of Force (JP 3-0)

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (JP 3-29) Stability Operations (FM 3-07)Foreign Internal Defense (JP 3-22 and FM 3‑05.202) Strike (JP 3-0)

Homeland Defense (JP 3-27 and FM 3-28) Unconventional Warfare (JP 3-05 and FM 3‑05)

Large-scale Combat (FM 3-90)

14

ROMO replaces both Spectrum of Conflict and Operational Themes


The Operational EnvironmentA composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences

that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander (JP 1-02).

OPERATIONAL VARIABLES MISSION VARIABLES

15

Anticipated Operational Environment

• US must project power into region, opposed.

• US must seize at least one base of operations (maybe more).

• Threat of WMD will require dispersal of US forces and decentralized operations.

• Size of theater (space and population) will exceed US ability to control.

Operational Environment replaces battlespace as a term. Operational Environment is not the Area of Operations.


The Operating Concept“The Army’s operating concept is the core of its doctrine. It must be uniformly known and understood within the Service . . .”

Unified Land Operations…describes how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution.

The operating concept describes how Army forces adapt to meet the distinct requirements of unified land operations . . . broad enough to describe

operations now and in the near future . . . flexible enough to apply in any situation worldwide.

16

Unified Land Operations replacesFull Spectrum Operations as the

Army’s Operational Concept


Decisive Action

- The simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, andstability or defense support of civil authorities tasks. - Operations outside the U. S. and its territories simultaneouslycombine three elements—offense, defense, and stability. - Within the U. S. and its territories, decisive action combines theelements of defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) and, asrequired, offense and defense to support homeland defense. - The emphasis on different elements of decisive action changeswith echelon, time, and location.

17

Decisive Action replaces Full Spectrum Operations as the Army term forsimultaneous combinations of Offense, Defense, and Stability/DSCA tasks.

Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) replaces Civil Support


Army Core Competencies- Combined Arms Maneuver - is the application of the elements ofcombat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; toseize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical,temporal, and psychological advantages over the enemy to seizeand exploit the initiative.- Wide Area Security - is the application of the elements of combatpower in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructure,and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and toconsolidate gains in order to retain the initiative.

- Combined arms maneuver and wide area security provide the Army

a focus and construct for understanding how Army forces usecombined arms to achieve success.- As core competencies, they uniquely define what the Armyprovides the joint force commander .

18


Operational ArtOperational art is cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill,

knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means (JP 3-0)

- For Army forces, operational art is the pursuit of strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through thearrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose.- Operational art applies to all aspects of operations and integrates ends, ways, and means,while accounting for risk, across the levels of war. - Operational art spans a continuum—from comprehensive strategic direction to concretetactical actions. - Army commanders plan and execute major operations, battles, engagements, and activities toachieve military objectives in support of the joint force commander’s campaign plan.

19

Elements of Operational ArtEnd state and conditions BasingCenter of Gravity* TempoDecisive points* Phasing and transitionsLines of Operations and Lines of Effort* Culmination*Operational reach* Risk(* Common to elements of operational design)

The Army does not conduct campaigns. Joint force headquarters plan and execute campaigns and major operations, while Service…components of the joint force conduct subordinate supporting and supported major operations, battles, and engagements, not independent campaigns. JP 5-0, page II-22


Operational FrameworkThe operational framework has three ways to conceptually organize

operations.

Decisive-Shaping-Sustaining Operations: The decisive-shapingsustaining framework lends itself to a broad conceptual orientation based onpurpose.

Deep-Close-Security Operations: Historically associated with terrainorientation, but can be also applied to temporal and organizationalorientations. ADRP 3-0 defines deep, close, and support areas.

Main and Support Efforts: The main and supporting efforts frameworkfocuses on prioritizing effort among subordinate units.

20

Operational FrameworkDecisive-Shaping-SustainingDeep-Close-SecurityMain-Supporting Efforts

X

X

DIVMain

X

BCT AO

BCT AO

MEB AO

OBJ

OBJ SUSTX

XX

XX

XX

XX X

FSCLFSCL

XXOBJ

X

XX

Support Area Deep Area

Linear AO Authorities/Responsibilities when assigned an AO

• Terrain Management• Intelligence Collection• Civil Affairs Activities• Movement Control (air/ground)• Clearance of Fires• Security• Personnel Recovery• Environmental Considerations

Close Area

21

X

X

X

SUSTX

X

XX

BCT AO

BCT AOMEB AO X

DIV

Main

XX

X

XX

XX

XX

X

X

X

X

X

X

BCT AO X

X

X

Non-Linear & Non-Contiguous AO

X

X

SUSTX

XX

X

BCT AO

BCT AO

BCT AOMEB AO

X

X

DIV

Main

XX

XX

XX

XX

X

X

X

XSupport Area Close Area Deep Area

Non-Linear & Contiguous AO


Other Doctrine

2323

Mission Command and The Operations Process

24

1982

Art of Command, Science of Control, CDR’s Intent, Unity of Command, Initiative, Mission Orders

AirLand Battle(1982)

War &MOOTW(1993)

FSO(2001)

Unified Land

Operations(2012)

FSO/Modular

Force(2008)

Cold War PanamaDesert Storm

SomaliaBalkans

AfghanistanIraq

Command, Control,Communications

Mission Command (Philosophy)

Battle Command (Enemy oriented)

C2 Battlefield Operation System MC WFFC2 WFF

1993 2001 2008 2012

Con

stan

tEv

olvi

ng

Evolving Concepts of Mission Command

• Known enemy• Top down

understanding and detailed control

• Static command post and staff oriented processes

• Limited network

• Complex environments across the range of military operations

• Bottom up understanding and more decentralized control

• Commander centric• Network enabled

Persistent conflict

• Technological advances

• Lessons learned

Mission command replaces battle command and C2

2010

To win in this environment the Army exercises …

Nature of OperationsArmy forces conduct operations in a

complex, ever-changing, and uncertain operational environmentacross a range of military operations.

Central Idea of Mission Command

Mission Command Warfighting Function The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a

commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions.

Executed through the…

Mission Command (A Philosophy of Command)Exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission

orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land

operations.

The Army’s approach to mission command unifies the philosophy of command with the warfighting function.

- Build cohesive teams through mutual trust - Exercise disciplined initiative

- Create shared understanding - Use mission orders- Provide a clear commander's intent - Accept prudent risk

The principles of mission command assist commanders and staff in balancing the Art of Command with the Science of Control

Mission CommandExercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable

disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the

conduct of unified land operations.

Mission Command Warfighting FunctionThe related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to

balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting

functions.

Guides

As a warfighting function, mission command consists of the related tasks and a mission command system that support the exercise of authority and direction by the commander.

Commander Tasks:• Drive the operations process through the

activities of understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead and assess

• Develop teams, both within their own organizations and with unified action partners

• Inform and influence audiences, inside and outside their organizations

Staff Tasks:• Conduct the operations process (plan, prepare,

execute, assess)• Conduct knowledge management and

information management• Conduct inform and influence activities• Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities

Leads

Supports

The mission command system enables the exercise of authority and direction by the commander.

Mission Command System:- Personnel - Processes and Procedures- Networks - Facilities and

Equipment- Information Systems

Together mission command and the mission command warfighting function guides, integrates, and synchronizes Army forces throughout the conduct of unified land operations.

27

Mission Command and Doctrine 2015

TechniquesTechniques

TechniquesTechniques

FM 3-13

Inform andInfluence Activities

FM 3-38

Cyber-Electromagnetic

Activities

FM 6-0

Commanderand Staff

Organization and

Operations

FM 6-02

Signal Support toOperations

FM 3-57

CivilAffairs

FM 3-52

AirspaceControl

FM 3-53

MilitaryInformation

SupportOperations

FM 3-61

Public Affairs

Operations

ADP 5-0 and ADRP 5-0

• Central Idea• Principles of the Operations Process• Planning• Preparing• Executing• Assessing

29

29

Central IdeaThe Operations Process

The Army’s framework for exercising mission command is the operations process—the major mission command activities performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the operation.

Guided by the principles of…

- Commanders drive the operations process - Apply critical and creative thinking

- Build and maintain situational understanding - Encourage collaboration and

dialogue

Commanders, supported by their staffs, use the operations process to drive the conceptual and detailed planning necessary to understand, visualize, and describe their operational environment; make and articulate decisions; and direct, lead, and assess military operations.

Central idea…

Guided by the principles of…

30

30

Principles of the Operations Process Commanders drive the operations process

Commanders are the most important participants in the operations process. While staffs perform essential functions that amply the effectiveness of operations, commanders drive the operations process through understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and assessing operations.

The commander’s role in the operations process was formerly know as “battle command”.

31

The commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned (JP 3-0).

The commander’s intent includes:

• Purpose - an expanded description of the operation’s purpose beyond the “why” of the mission statement.

• Key tasks – those significant activities the force as a whole must perform to achieve the desired end state.

• End state – a description of the desired future conditions that represent success.

Principles of the Operations Process Commanders drive the operations process (continued)

• Adopts joint definition of commander’s intent

• Reintroduces “key tasks” as a component of the commander’s intent

32

Planning

Planning results in a plan and orders that communicates a common vision and synchronize the action of forces in time, space, and purpose to achieve objectives and accomplish missions.

Planning is the art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of bringing that future about (ADP 5-0).

• Commanders focus planning.• Develop simple, flexible plans

through mission orders. • Optimize available planning

time.• Continually refine the plan.

Guidelines for effective planning

• Army design methodlogy• Military decisionmaking

Process• Troop leading procedures

Army planning methodologies

• Retitles “design” to “Army design methodlogy”• Modifies step 7 of the MDMP from “orders production” to “orders production,

dissemination, and transition”. • Details of the MDMP, TLP, and the OPORD format is now in ATTP 5-0.1.

33

Execution is putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission (ADP 5‑0).

Execution

*

34Blue = New Material

Doctrine 2015 FM 6-0 • Ch 1: Mission Command & Operations Process

Overview • Ch 2: Command Post Organization and Operations • Ch 3: Staff Duties and Responsibilities • Ch 4: Managing Knowledge and Information • Ch 5: Critical and Creative Thinking• Ch 6: Problem Solving • Ch 7: Staff Studies• Ch 8: Decision Papers• Ch 9: Military Briefings • Ch 10: Running Estimates• Ch 11: The Military Decisionmaking Process• Ch 12: Troop Leading Procedures• Ch 13: Military Deception• Ch 14: Rehearsals• Ch 15: Liaison• Ch 16: Assessment Plans• Ch 17: After Action Reviews• App A: Army Command and Support Relationships• App B: Plans and Orders Formats• App C: Annex Formats

FM 6-0

Commander

and Staff Organization

and Operations

ADP/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders

Overview Concepts How-ToDoctrine

Unit Training Management on the Army Training Network (ATN)

https://atn.army.mil

• Train leaders to train . . . achieve “training overmatch” and return to commander-centric training

• Army’s Operations & Training Management Processes are the same: plan, prepare, execute and assess

• Integrate leader development objectives into training objectives using Training Management Process

• Web-based tools (ATN/CATS/DTMS) enable training management

35

UNCLASSIFIED


• Framework for Army forces to support Combatant Commander’s objectives by, with, and through Theater Armies that:

build defense and security relationships and promote specific U.S. security interests

develop friendly and allied military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations

provide U.S. forces with peacetime and contingency access to host nations

• In-depth discussion of how the Army plans, prepares, executes and assesses security cooperation activities and associated tasks

• Focuses on security cooperation planning, execution and the attributes of the advisor in Unified Land Operations across the range of military operations.

• Combined fundamentals of Security Cooperation, Security Assistance, Security Force Assistance and Foreign Internal Development.

36

FM 3-22

22


Important Web SitesThe Army Publishing Directorate (go to Doctrine and Training Publications on the Publications pull-

down menu) - http://www.apd.army.mil/

The Doctrinal Term update section that only includes quarterly doctrinal term changes (current quarter changes): https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-25269

An "Army Doctrine Term Changes Historical Database" that provides current and past terminology

changes (perpetual living document): https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-40298 Current Army doctrine terminology can be found at the "Army Dictionary“ JDEIS website. This website

is updated once a month in an effort to maintain current Army doctrine terminology (terms and acronyms). https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207

http://www.apd.army.mil/

https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-25269

https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-40298

https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207

doctrine update

Documents

army adp

doctrine reengineering

broke doctrine

army publication

army leadership

doctrine update director

overall structure of

body of information