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MS 1184 : 2002

CODE OF PRACTICE ON ACCESS FORDISABLED PERSONS TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS(FIRST REVISION)

ICS: 11.180

Descriptors: disabled persons, ambulant disabled, access, landscape, signs and symbols, facilities for disabled persons

© Copyright

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

MALAYSIAN

STANDARD

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS

The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation

and accreditation body.

The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,

standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national

economy, promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health

and safety of the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and

international trade and furthering international cooperation in relation to standards

and standardisation.

Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees whichcomprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others

with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. To the

greatest extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of

international standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is

governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards

are reviewed periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in

so far as they are made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of

regulations, local by-laws or any other similar ways.

The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop

Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent

for distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards.

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Level 1 & 2, Block C4, Parcel C (Company No. 367474 - V)Federal Government Administrative Centre 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri

62502 Putrajaya P.O. Box 7035, Section 2

MALAYSIA 40911 Shah AlamSelangor D.E.

Tel: 60 3 88858000 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

Fax: 60 3 88885060 Fax: 60 3 4410 8095

http://www.dsm.gov.my http://www.sirim.my

E-mail: [email protected]

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CONTENTS

Page

Committee representation …….…………………………………………………….. iv

Foreword …….……………………………………………………………………….. vi

0 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. 1

1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………. 1

2 Interpretation…..……………………………………………………………………… 2

3 General……….………………………………………………………………………… 3

4 Vehicle parking and access……..…………………………………………………… 4

5 Pathways and ramps………………………………………………………………….. 5

6 Main entrances ………………………………………………………………………… 6

7 Step ramps…….………………………………………………………………………. 6

8 Door and doorways …………………………………………………………………… 7

9 Stairs……………………………………………………………………………………. 10

10 Lifts…..…………………………………………………………………………………. 12

11 Escalators…….……………………………………………………………………….. 14

12 Handrails……..………………………………………………………………………… 14

13 Grab rails……..……………………………………………………………………….. 16

14 Circulation spaces…….………………………………………………………………. 17

15 Guiding blocks………….……………………………………………………………… 18

16 Summary of toilet requirements..…………………………………………………… 21

17 Water closets………………………………………………………………………… 22

18 Urinals………….……………………………………………………………………… 26

19 Shower facilities………..…………………………………………………………….. 26

20 Washbasins and other facilities…………………………………………………….. 28

21 Bath…..………………………………………………………………………………… 2922 Combined water closet and shower recess……..………………………………… 31

23 Shelving and wall units….…………………………………………………………… 32

24 Work surfaces……………………………….………………………………………… 34

25 Projections, guard rails, openings and drops……………………………………… 35

26 Finishes………………………………………………………………………………… 35

27 Controls for use by disabled persons …………………………………………….. 36

28 Signs and symbols……..……………………………………………………………. 38

29 Announcements, signals and warnings for people with detective

sight or hearing impaired…..……………………………………………………….. 41

30 Landscape……...…………………………………………………………………… 41

31 Hotel bedrooms……………………………………………………………………… 42

Tables

1 Water closets for wheelchair users………………………………………………… 21

2 Points for dispenser…….…………………………………………………………… 29

3 Size of symbol for access for varying viewing distance…….…………………… 39

4 Height of letters for varying viewing distances…….……………………………… 40

5 Levels of illumination………………………………………………………………… 41

6 Requirements for hotel bedroom……………………………………………………. 42

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CONTENTS (continued)

Page

Figures

1 Maximum allowable camber for pathways and ramps…………………………… 5

2 Profi le of ramp………………………………………………………………………… 6

3 Step ramp ….…………………………………………………………………………. 7

4 Door openings towards access for wheelchair users …….……………………… 8

5 Door opening other than towards access for wheelchair users …..…………….. 9

6 Door glazing l imitation ….……………………………………………………………. 10

7a) Stair for ambulant disabled …………………………………………………………… 11

7b) Configuration of steps …..…………………………………………………………….. 12

8 Lift car requirement …….……………………………………………………………… 13

9 Handrails ……….………………………………………………………………………. 15

10 Coordinating dimensions for handrail grip ………………………………………….. 16

11 Areas off circulation space …….……………………………………………………… 17

12 Examples of guiding blocks …………………………………………………………… 19

13 Examples of guiding blocks layouts ……..…………………………………………… 21

14 General requirement for water closet ….…………………………………………… 22

15i) Combined water closet and washroom…………………………………………… 23

15ii) Separate water closets for wheelchair user …….…………………………………. 23

15iii) Separate water closets for wheelchair user …….…………………………………. 24

15iv) Water closet for ambulant disabled …….…………………………………………… 25

16 Urinals and grab rails …………………………………………………………………. 26

17 Shower facilities ………………………………………………………………………. 27

18 Location of washbasin and other facil ities …………………………………………. 28

19 Bath requirement ……………………………………………………………………… 3020 Combined water closet and shower recess ……..…………………………………. 31

21a) Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for wheelchair users …… 32

21b) Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces

wheelchair users …….……………………………………………………………….. 33

22a) Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for ambulant

disabled persons ……..……………………………………………………………….. 33

22b) Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces for

ambulant disabled person ….……………………………………………………. 34

23 Fixed work surface for disabled………..…………………………………………….. 34

24 Heights of switches, general power, outlets and door handle …………………… 37

25 Door handle and auxil iary rails locations …………………………………………… 38

26a) International symbol of access for disabled persons …….………………………. 39

26b) Example of sign and symbol indicating facilities and its direction………………. 3927 Example of sign and symbols with tactile additions for the blind …..………….…. 40

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Committee representation

The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee (ISC D) under whose supervision this MalaysianStandard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

Association of Consulting Engineers MalaysiaChartered Institute of Building MalaysiaConstruction Industry Development Board MalaysiaDepartment of Standards MalaysiaJabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat MalaysiaMalaysian Timber Industry BoardMaster Builders Association MalaysiaNational Housing DepartmentPertubuhan Akitek MalaysiaPublic Work DepartmentSuruhanjaya TenagaThe Institution of Engineers, MalaysiaUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Technical Committee on Accessibility For Disabled Persons which developed this standard was managed by the

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) in its capacity as an authorised Standards-WritingOrganisation and comprise of the following organisations:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asiah bt. Abdul Rahim (Chairperson) Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia

Encik Ismail bin Shariff/ Construction Industry Development Board MalaysiaEncik Lokman bin Darus (Secretary)

Dato’ Sayed A. Rahman bin Sayed Mohd/ Social Welfare Department, Ministry of National UnityPuan Zainon bt. Johari and Social Development, Malaysia

Encik Fong Tian Yong/ Local Government Department, Ministry of Housing andPuan Mahani bt. Ahmad Aziz Local Government

Puan Hajjah Norasiah bt. Yahya/ Town & Country Planning Department, Ministry of Puan Kalsom Yop bt. Mohd Kasim Housing and Local Government

Prof. Madya Norwina bt. Mohd Nawawi Planning & Development Division,Ministry of Health Malaysia

Dr. S. Balasegaran Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Kuala Lumpur Hospital

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaliha bt. Omar Medical Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital,Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya

Puan Ch’ng Gaik Bee Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Architects &Special Project Department

Ir. Nah Teik Ong Kuala Lumpur City Hall, UrbanTransportation Department

Encik Wan Mohd Nor bin Wan Yaacob Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Civil Works Department

Ir. Wong Loo Min The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

Encik H.R.M Storey Society of the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Malaysia

Encik Godfrey Ooi/Dr. Zakaria bin Osman Malaysian Association for The Blind

Encik Mah Hassan bin Hj. Omar Society of The Blind in Malaysia

Encik Mohamad Sazali bin Shaari Malaysian Federation of The Deaf

Encik M. Shamugam Society for The Deaf in Selangor & Federal Territory

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FOREWORD

This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on the Accessibility For

Disabled Persons under the authority of the Building and Civil Engineering Industry StandardsCommittee Development of the Standard was carried out by the Construction Industry

Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) which is the Standards Writing Organisations (SWO)

appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for construction industry.

During the development of this standard reference was made to :

i) AS 1428.1:1988 - Australian Standard Design for Access and Mobility. Part 1:

General Requirements for Access-Buildings.

ii) BS 5810: 1979 - British Standard Code of Practice for Access for the disabled to

buildings.

This revised standard supersedes MS 1184 : 1991 “Code of Practice for the Accessibility for

Disabled Persons in Public Buildings”.

The main changes featured in this standard include :

i) improvement of some figures and tables with some dimensioning changes; and

ii) additional topics i.e. guiding blocks, landscape and hotel bedrooms.

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal

obligations.

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CODE OF PRACTICE ON ACCESS FOR DISABLEDPERSONS TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS

(FIRST REVISION)

0. Introduction

Malaysia’s commitment to quality living among people with disabilities is extensively

addressed in this revised code, which accordingly improves the provisions of the MS 1184:

1991 Code of Practice for Access for Disabled People to Public Buildings, and is now called

Code of Practice on Access for Disabled Persons to Public Buildings.

Pursuant to the spirit of the Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality of People with

Disabilities in the Asia And Pacific Region to which Malaysia became a signatory on 16th

May

1994, the review of the current Code of Practice is relevant. The standard has immensely

contributed to the fulfilment of the goals set in the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled

Persons 1993-2002 which aimed at systematically improving the living conditions of disabled

persons and helping them to achieve their full development potential.

This revised standard covers the provisions that need to be incorporated in public buildings toensure that they are accessible by disabled persons, thereby enhancing the integrative

potential of disabled persons into the mainstream activities of society.

This standard concentrates on the essential provisions that need to be incorporated inbuildings to ensure that they are conveniently usable by disabled persons. It does not pretendto be comprehensive.

1. Scope

This Malaysian Standard specifies the basic requirements for elements of buildings and

related facilities so as to permit access by people with disabilities.

These requirements are applicable to all buildings that disabled persons may use as

members of the general public, as visitors or for purposes of employment. Residential

buildings will be covered in another standard.

Building types to which the recommendations of the code may be applied include:

a) offices, banks, post offices, shops, department stores, supermarkets, hotels and other

administrative and commercial buildings;

b) rail, road, sea and air travel buildings and associated concourses, car-parking

building and factories;

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c) hospitals, medical centres, clinics and other health and welfare buildings;

d) restaurants, concert halls, theatres, cinemas, conference buildings, community

buildings, swimming pools, sports buildings and other refreshment, entertainment and

recreation buildings;

e) religious buildings; and

f) schools, hostels, colleges, universities, zoos, museums, art galleries, libraries,

exhibition buildings and, other educational, cultural and scientific buildings; and any

other buildings or any part thereof to which members of the general public has

access, as visitors /occupants or for the purposes of the employment.

Buildings having less than 280 m² of floor area per level need not be required to provide

vertical access for the disabled persons provided the ground floor is made accessible.

2. Interpretation

In this standard, unless the context otherwise requires:

2.1 Access for disabled persons means a continuous unobstructed path of travel to or

within a building capable of being negotiated by a person using a wheelchair or otherwise with

limited mobility.

2.2 Ambulant disabled persons are persons who are able to walk but who may depend

on prostheses (artificial limbs), orthoses (calipers), sticks, crutches or other mobility aids, and

others who can walk but have sensory impairment such as the blind and the deaf.

2.3 Circulation space means a passageway, corridor, lobby, hallway or ramp affording

access between parts of a building.

2.4 Disabled persons refer to people with a physical, hearing or sight impairment or anycombination thereof, which affects their mobility or their use of buildings and related

amenities.

2.5 Entrance floor means the floor at which the persons using the building normally gain

entrance thereto but does not include any basement or utility area.

2.6 Guiding blocks are special tiles incorporated into the walking surface, and arranged

in layouts for the guidance of the blind; they have raised markings on them which the blind

can feel through their feet.

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2.7 Landscape

Landscape can be divided into:

a) Soft landscape such as plants, shrubs and trees.

b) Hard landscape such as furniture, lighting, dustbin or part of it any features for

decoration, etc.

2.8 Signs and Symbols

a) Signs - refer to designs that help to indicate location or direction of places which have

facilities for disabled persons. A sign has to be appropriately sized, effectively

designed and located for the benefit of disabled persons, in the form of audio and

visual presentation.

b) Symbols - are graphical representation of the concept, and form part of the signs.

2.9 Vertical access shall include:

a) an internal ramp complying with Clause 5;

b) a step ramp complying with Clause 7;

c) a lift designed for carrying transport of persons complying with Clause 10;

d) any combination of a), b) and c); and

e) in the case of providing access for ambulant disabled, stairs complying with Clause 9 and

escalators complying with Clause 11.

2.10 Wheelchair users are persons who depend on a wheelchair for mobility. Theseinclude attendant propelled wheelchairs, powered wheelchairs and self-propelled

wheelchairs.

3. General

3.1 Access for disabled persons to and within every public building approved by the

relevant authorities pursuant to Uniform Building By-Laws or any act or regulations should be

provided in accordance with this Malaysian Standard.

3.2 Access for disabled persons should be means of a pathway and ramp complying with

Clause 5 or a step ramp complying with Clause 7 or a lift for the transport of persons

complying with Clause 10 or any combination thereof, and should commence at:

a) the street alignment in respect of the site on which the building is located; and

b) any car parking area on the same site (whether within or outside the building); or

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4.6 Disembarkation space near the main entrance to a building or complex is essential

for disabled passengers. Guiding blocks leading to the main entrance should be provided.

5. Pathways and ramps

1:40 max. 1:40 max. a) Crowned walkway or ramp b) Banked walkway, or ramp

Figure 1. Maximum allowable camber for pathways and ramps

5.1 Every pathway and ramp forming part of access for the disabled persons should:

a) have a clear width at every part of not less than 1200 mm;

b) in no part have a gradient steeper than 1:12;

c) the surface of the adjacent grounds to the pathways and internal ramps should be at the

same level ± 10 mm;

d) the camber of crowned or banked pathways and ramps should not be more than 1:40 in

cross section as shown in Figure 1;

e) wherever pathways or ramps join other walkways, ramps, driveways or parking areas, the

transition should be effected without abrupt change of camber; and

f) pathways and ramps should have a non-slip finish in accordance with Clause 26.

5.2 All ramps should :

a) be provided with landing rest areas not less than 1200 mm in length at intervals of notmore than 6000 mm, measured clear as shown in Figure 2;

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Figure 2. Profile of ramp

b) be provided on each side thereof with a handrail, which should be attached to an adjacent

wall or a balustrade in accordance with Clause 12; and

c) be provided on the open side with a kerb not less than 100 mm high.

6. Main entrances

6.1 Every public building should have a doorway at the entrance floor providing accessfor wheelchair users into the building.

6.2 At least one entrance usable by wheelchair users should be on a similar level to lifts

where these are provided.

6.3 When the main entrance of the building is not usable by the wheelchair users then a

sign complying with Clause 28 directing to an alternative accessible entrance should be

installed at the same entrance.

6.4 Entrances and exits used by the sight impaired should be identified for them by guiding

blocks.

6.5 Door fitted with intercom, the height of the microphone should be between 1100 mm

to 1300 mm and a special button for the hearing impaired should be provided.

6.6 Disembarkation space for disabled persons should be provided as in 4.6.

7. Step ramps

7.1 Where:

a) the entrance floor or any other floor is not more than 215 mm above or below the

adjacent street or finished ground level; or

b) there is a change of level of not more than 215 mm within a building a step ramp,

constructed in accordance with Figure 3, may be provided in place of a pathway or an

internal ramp.

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Figure 3. Step ramp

7.2 Step ramps should begin at a level not more than 15 mm above the adjacent street or

finished ground or floor level (as the case requires).

7.3 Step ramps should be located so that disabled persons have an unobstructed view of

traffic approaching from any direction.

7.4 Step ramps should have a non-slip finish in accordance with Clause 26.

8. Doors and doorways

Doors and doorways (forming part of access for wheelchair users) should comply with the

following:

8.1 Every doorway except those to toilet facilities should have an opening of not less than

900 mm clear. In case of double leaf door, at least one leaf should have the minimum openingof not less than 900 mm clear. Building such as hospital and sport complexes should have theminimum of opening of not less than 1000 mm clear.

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8.2 Every doorway to toilet facilities should have an opening of not less than 900 mmclear.

8.3 Where a door opens towards access for wheelchair users, the circulation space

should not be less than those as shown in Figure 4 including the notes thereto.

a) Direct access for wheelchair users

b) Side access for wheelchair users

Figure 4. Door openings towards access for wheelchair usersy

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8.4 Where door opens other than towards access for wheelchair users, the circulation

space should have dimensions not less than those shown in Figure 5 including the notes

thereto.

a) Direct exit or access for wheelchair users.

b) Side exit or access for wheelchair users

Figure 5. Door opening other than towards access for wheelchair users.

8.5 Doors should open in the exit direction or be double swing in vestibules, air locks etc.

8.6 Sliding doors should be installed in place where a hinged door would hinder

circulation or mobility.

8.7 Where revolving access or turnstiles are installed, it may be necessary to provide an

alternative access for disabled persons.

8.8 If door glazing is required, the location of door glazing should be provided within the

limitation in accordance with Figure 6.

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9.4 Treads and risers should comply with the following:

a) the dimensions of treads and risers should be uniform for all steps in any one flight;

b) the line of nosing of the top step of a flight of stairs should not be closer than 300 mm to

the point where an adjacent wall returns as shown in Figure 7a);

Figure 7a). Stairs for ambulant disabled

c) treads should have a non-slip surface in accordance with Clause 26;

d) the nosing should have a radius of 10 mm to 15 mm and should be flush with the riser

and should not be lapped more than 25 mm as shown in Figure 7 b); and

e) projecting nosing and open stairs should not be used.

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Figure 7b). Configuration of steps

9.5 Illumination levels for stairs and landings refer to 29.4.

9.6 The top and bottom steps of any flight of stairs should not encroach on circulation

space.

9.7 Landing and floor levels should be distinguished from stairs either by contrasting

colours, brightness or textures.

9.8 No door should open directly across the top of the flight of stairs or swing so that it

obstructs the top and bottom steps.

9.9 Stairs should have handrails on both sides in accordance with Clause 12.

9.10 The width between handrails on stairs should not be less than 900 mm as shown in

Figure 7 a).

10. Lifts

10.1 Every lift forming part of vertical access for the disabled persons should have an

unobstructed depth in front of the lift doors of not less than 1800 mm.

10.2 It should maintain a floor level accuracy within a tolerance of 10 mm throughout the

range of rated load.

10.3 The handrail in the lift car should not be less than 600 mm long at 1000 mm above

the finished floor level and should be fixed adjacent to the control panel.

10.4 At least one lift car, adjacent to a public entrance that is accessible for disabled

persons, should be designed as a lift for wheelchair users, complying to all the sub-clauses of this clause, and should have space for a wheelchair to be turned through 180 ° inside the lift in

accordance with Figure 8.

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Figure 8. Lift car requirement

10.5 The lift door installation should provide the following:

a) the lift doors should be power operated;

b) should provide a clear opening of not less than 800 mm in accordance with Figure 8;

c) sensing devices should be provided to ensure that lift car and landing doors will notclose while the opening is obstructed, subject to the nudging provisions which

operate if the door is held open for more than 20 s; and

d) if sensing devices as in c) above are not provided, the dwell time of an automatically

closing door should not be less than 5 s and the closing speed should not exceed

0.25 m/s.

10.6 Lift controls should comply with the following:

a) Controls should be clearly indicated and easily operated in accordance with Clause

27.

b) Call buttons should either project from or be flush with the face of the car-operating

panel. The width or diameter of the buttons should not be less than 20 mm.

c) Floor buttons, alarm buttons or emergency telephone and door control buttons in lift cars

and lobbies should not be higher than 1400 mm above finished floor level. The

hearing impaired can use an alarm button and not the emergency telephone. An

alarm button should always be provided, and preferably of a design which lights up

and produce sound when pressed to reassure those trapped inside.

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d) All buttons should be so designed that the sight impaired can identify them by touch.

Button not already so designed are best modified by fixing, embossed or braille

numbers or letters, not on the buttons themselves, but adjacent to them.

10.7 Lift indicators should be provided in accordance with following:

a) 'Lift coming' or 'Call accepted' indicators should be provided at each landing.

b) Indicators should be provided in each lift lobby to show the position and direction of the lift

car; alternatively, an audible indicator should be provided to indicate in advance the

arrival of the lift car and its direction of travel.

c) An indicator inside the car should signal clearly the direction of travel and the floor at

which the lift car is situated.

d) Embossed and braille numbering indicating each floor level should be provided beside

the outside call button.

11. Escalators

11.1 Where escalators are installed, lifts or ramps should be available as an alternative.

11.2 The treads of escalators shall be easily distinguished from the floor and landing levels

by contrasting colours, brightness and texture. Their surfaces shall be slip-resistant.

11.3 To alert people with visual impairment that they are approaching escalators, a strip of

suitable guiding blocks (refer Clause 15) of not less than 900 mm long should be laid on the

floor leading to the embarking end of the escalators.

12. Handrails

Pathways, corridors, ramps and staircases, which may be accessed by wheelchair usersand/or ambulant disabled persons, require handrails:

12.1 Fixed not less than 840 mm nor more than 900 mm from finished floor level, extended

in the case of ramp or stairway by 300 mm as shown in Figure 9.

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(a) Handrail on pathways or internal ramp

(b) Handrail on stairway

Figure 9. Handrails

12.2 The grip should not be less than 40 mm diameter nor more than 60 mm wide and it

should provide a secure non-slip grip as shown in Figure 10.

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Figure 10. Coordinating dimensions for handrail grip

12.3 Fixed securely with its ends turned away or turned downwards for not less than 100

mm.

12.4 So fixed that there is no obstruction to the passage of the hand along the grip.

12.5 Fixed not less than 50 mm and not more than 100 mm from any adjacent wall.

12.6 Continued unbroken, if practicable, throughout each flight of stairs or along each

pathway or internal ramp and around landing and rest areas.

12.7 Which should preferably contrast in colour to their supporting walls.

12.8 Which if located at staircases and ramps should be capable of carrying a minimum

load of 100 kg and available on both sides.

13. Grab rails

Water closets, urinals, bathtubs, showers and washbasins which may be accessed by

wheelchair users and/or the ambulant disabled, require grab rails placed around these

facilities:

13.1 Fixed not less than 750 mm nor more than 1200 mm from the floor, unless otherwise

specified.

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13.2 With an external diameter of not less than 30 mm nor more than 40 mm.

13.3 Projecting no more than 115 mm from the wall surface (except for back rest grab rails

up to 250 mm), allowing the hand to grip the grab rail but not encroaching into the space

required for assisted transfers.

13.4 Constructed with the appropriate materials and in a manner that can support a

minimum of 100 kg at any point.

13.5 Preferably contrasting in colour with their supporting wall and not easily corrosive.

14. Circulation spaces

14.1 Every circulation space, other than a step ramp complying Clause 7, forming part of

access for wheelchair users should have a clear width at every part of not less than 1200 mm.

14.2 Circulation spaces should not include any vertical change in level of more than ± 10

mm.

14.3 The minimum distances between the doorways in a straight line forming access for

wheelchair users should be the width of the widest door encroaching into the circulation

space together with 1200 mm, or 2000 mm, whichever is greater.

14.4 Where access for wheelchair users involve a change of direction to gain access

to an area off a circulation space, the circulation space should have a width of not lessthan 1200 mm.

14.5 The unobstructed space to be provided in an area leading off a circulation space

should be in accordance with either of the alternatives in Figure 11.

Figure 11. Areas off circulation space

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14.6 People with impaired vision who find their way with sticks can most easily follow a

plain vertical wall, and deep recessing should be avoided. Isolated pillars are also a hazard to

them. The vertical corners of walls and pillars both inside and outside the buildings should be

rounded off to reduce the risk of injury to them.

15. Guiding blocks

15.1 Guiding blocks should be provided to assist sight-impaired people where they need

either warning of dangers ahead such as obstacles and hazards, or guidance as to the

correct route to follow for example :

a) at the entry points to doors, entrances, location with change of levels including stairs, lifts,

escalators, ramps and others obstacles or hazards; or

b) layout of guiding blocks should be arranged at strategic points such as main entrances.

15.2 A guiding block should meet the following requirements:

a) it must be detectable underfoot;

b) it must be easily installed and maintained;

c) it must be of durable non-slip material; and

d) it must be contrast in colour with adjacent surfaces.

15.3 The blocks forming a guiding block of the layout should be set adjacent to one

another with the base level of their upper surfaces flush with that adjacent footpath or

carriageway. They must adhere firmly with the base material below. Regular inspection,

maintenance and repairs should be carried out specifically of guiding blocks.

15.4 There are two types of blocks bearing different kinds of raised marking:

a) Line-type blocks, as in Figure 12 a), indicate the correct route to follow, namely that in

which the lines point.

b) Dot-type blocks, as in Figure 12 b), give a warning signal. They are used to screen off an

obstacle, drop-off or other hazard; to discourage movement in an incorrect direction;

and to warn of a corner or junction in the correct route. For either type, the blocks

used within any layout of guiding blocks should all be of similar design and

dimension.

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a) Line-type blocks

b) Dot-type blocks

Figure 12. Examples of guiding blocks

15.5 Where guiding blocks are used to warn of hazard, the distance between the hazard

and the edge of the nearest block should normally be 600 mm; but at the dangerous drop-off

such as a railway platform it should be 900 mm. Where used at doors, entrances, stairs, lifts,

escalators and ramps, the distance to the edge of the nearest guiding block should be 300

mm.

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a) Guiding blocks used at entrances

b) Guiding blocks used at stairs

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16.2 If in buildings used by the general public (see note to Table 1) such water closets are

not provided on all floors, then notices (see Clause 28) should be displayed at the toilets and

lifts on other floors saying where they are located.

16.3 Where appropriate other toilet facilities for the disabled should be provided according

to Clauses 18 and 20.

17. Water closets

17.1 Water closets for wheelchair users should comply with the following:

a) In every public building required under 16.1 to be provided for water closets for use by

wheelchair users, the water closets should be accompanied by an unobstructed area

having dimensions not less than those shown in Figure 14, but the layout of the water

closet and unobstructed area may be reversed in plan (mirror image).

b) The water closets should be provided either:

i) as a combined water closet and washroom as shown in Figure 15 i); or

ii) as water closets for use by men or women. In this case separate washing

facilities are to be provided together with the water closets as shown in

Figure 15 ii), where the washbasin is to be located within the unobstructed

area or common facilities outside the water closets.

Figure 14. General requirement for water closet

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Figure 15 i). Combined water closet and washroom

Figure 15 ii). Separate water closets for wheelchair user

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i) It should also be possible for a wheelchair to back alongside the water closet on its

unobstructed side until the two seats are in line.

j) The water closets should be accessible by disabled persons from a main entrance, lift

or other circulation space which is in accordance with Clauses 6, 10 or 14.

17.2 Water closets for ambulant disabled only should comply with the following:

a) Except for the width of the unobstructed area, the requirements for a water closet for

wheelchair users in accordance with 17.1b) ii) should apply to water closets for

ambulant disabled.

b) The configuration of a water closet should be in accordance with Figure 15 iv) and the

notes thereto.

c) Grab rails should be located on each side of the water closet and should also be of

the configuration shown in Figure 15 iv).

Figure 15 iv). Water closet for ambulant disabled

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18. Urinals

Urinals provided to be used for disabled persons should comply with the following:

a) Where wall-hung urinals are installed, at least one should have a lip height of 400 mmabove the finished floor, and there should be no step or hob as indicated in Figure 16.

a) Wall hung urinals b) Stall urinals

Figure 16. Urinals and grab rails

b) Where stall urinals are provided, they should be constructed without a step or hob,

and at least one stall should be not less than 760 mm wide.

c) Grab rails should be fixed to the wall or partitions of the urinals as shown in Figure

16.

19. Shower facilities

19.1 In every public building where showers are provided for use by wheelchair users or

ambulant disabled persons, each shower should be accompanied by an unobstructed area

having dimensions not less than those shown in Figure 17 but the layout of the shower and

unobstructed area may be reversed in plan.

19.2 The shower recess should not be separated by a door from the unobstructed area. If

a drying space is required for dressing and undressing, it should be separated from the

shower recess by a curtain or a sliding screen with a flush door track.

19.3 The dressing space should be fitted with a cloth-hanging device not less than 1200

mm nor more than 1400 mm above the finished floor level.

19.4 The floor of the shower recess should be a continuation of the floor of the

unobstructed area, without a kerb, self-draining, water proof and non-slip.

19.5 A self-draining and non-slip fixed or foldable seat should be provided in the shower

recess, and another in the unobstructed area, at a height not less than 450 mm nor more than

500 mm above the finished floor level.

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19.6 Grab rails should be fixed to the wall of the shower recess as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Shower facilities

19.7 Soap holders should be fully recessed into the wall of the shower recess, located not

less than 1000 mm nor more than 1200 mm above the finished floor level, and situated so

that they are within reach by persons using the shower seat.

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19.8 The shower controls and fittings should be located not less than 1000 mm nor more

than 1200 mm above the finished floor level, and situated so that they are within reach by

persons using the shower seat and by a carer from outside the shower recess.

19.9 A portable shower head attached to a flexible hose not less than 1500 mm in lengthshould be installed in the shower recess, and a fitting should be provided to which the shower

head can be attached at varying angles between 900 mm and 1900 mm above the finished

floor level.

19.10 Thermostatic mixing valves should be installed for showers.

19.11 If a pole is used in conjunction with the portable shower head, the pole should be so

constructed and installed as to be capable of being used as a vertical grab rail, and in such

cases a vertical grab rail need not be provided.

19.12 Where two or more showers are provided for disabled persons in the same building,

at least one should be reversed in plan (mirror images) to the others provided.

19.13 Every door in a room containing such a shower for disabled persons should be

provided with a lever-action type indicator bolt attached to the inside, which is so design that

the door can be opened at any time from the outside.

20. Washbasins and other facilities

20.1 Except as provided in Clause 17 for water closets, every washbasin provided for use

by disabled persons should comply with the following:

a) The washbasin should be wall-mounted to provide minimum clearance as shown in

Figure 18.

Figure 18. Location of washbasin and other facilities

b) Water taps should comply with Clause 27.

c) Hot water supply pipes should be insulated.

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d) Water supply pipes and waste outlet pipes should not encroach on the required clear

space under the washbasin.

20.2 Soap dispensers, sanitary disposal units, towel dispensers etc. provided with the

facilities referred to in Clauses 17.1, 19 or 21 should be installed at a height not less than 900mm nor more than 1000 mm above the finished floor level. The heights should be measured

as shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Points for dispenser

Facility Point from which measurement to be made

Soap Dispenser or Towel Dispenser

Sanitary Disposal Unit

The discharge outlet of the dispenser

The opening of the fitting

20.3 Where a mirror is provided with the facilities referred to in Clauses 19, 20 or 21, the

base should not be more than 1000 mm above the finished floor level and it should be tilted

down by 5° to give complete visibility.

20.4 Where a cloth hanging device is provided together with facilities referred in Clauses

17.1, 19, 20 or 21, the device should be located not less than 1200 mm nor more than 1400

mm above the finished floor level.

21. Bath

In every public building where baths are provided for wheelchair users or ambulant disabled

persons, they should comply with the following:

21.1 The bath should be accompanied by an unobstructed area having a dimension not

less than 1800 mm on one side and at least one end.

21.2 The bath should have straight sides 480 mm high from the floor level, with flat tops

not less than 75 mm wide and rounded at the edges, as shown in Figure 19.

21.3 Grab rails should be provided as shown in Figure 19.

21.4 Where two or more baths are provided for wheelchair users in the same building at

least one should be reversed in plan (mirror images) to the other provided.

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22. Combined water closet and shower recess

Where a water closet, washbasin and shower recess are combined, the installation should be

in accordance with Figure 20.

Figure 20. Combined water closet and shower recess

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23. Shelving and wall units

23.1 For wheelchair users:

Shelving and wall units for use by wheelchair users should comply with the following:

a) The configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units should be as shown in

Figure 21 a) including the notes thereto.

b) The configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces should be as

shown in Figure 21 b) including the notes thereto.

c) The vertical space between hotplate elements or burners and combustible material

should not be less than 750 mm.

Figure 21 a). Configuration of unobstructed shelving and

wall units for wheelchair users

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Figure 21 b). Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to

work surfaces for wheelchair users

23.2 For ambulant disabled persons:

Shelving and wall units for use by ambulant disabled persons should comply with the

following:

a) The configuration of unobstructed shelving or wall units should be as shown in Figure

22 a) including the notes thereto.

b) The configuration of shelving or wall units adjacent to work surfaces should be asshown in Figure 22 b) including the notes thereto.

Figure 22 a). Configuration of unobstructed shelving and wall units for ambulant

disabled persons

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Figure 22 b). Configuration of shelving and wall units adjacent to work surfaces for

ambulant disabled persons

c) The vertical space between hotplate elements or burners and combustible material

should not be less than 750 mm.

24. Work surfaces

24.1 Fixed work surfaces provided for use by wheelchair users where the arm rests of the

wheelchair are removable should be in accordance with Figure 23 and have an unobstructed

seating width of not less than 750 mm, within which there should be clear space at least 450

mm void.

Figure 23. Fixed work surface for disabled

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Figure 24. Heights of switches, general power, outlets and door handle

27.4 One of any group of telephone for public use shall be designed for wheelchair and

hearing-impaired users. Such telephone booths should not have any doors or steps, and if

there are side-walls they should be at least 800 mm apart. The coin-slot, card-slot and dial or

buttons should be no higher than 1000 mm above the ground and the dial or buttons should

face forwards rather than upwards. A shelf should be provided where the deaf can place the

keyboard of their telecommunication device. The shelf should be 300 mm x 300 mm in size,

and placed at least 200 mm below the telephone.

27.5 Vending machines, automatic teller machines and other such facilities should be

accessible to wheelchair users. The coin-slot, card-slot and buttons should be no higher than

1000 mm above the ground and should face forwards rather than upwards.

27.6 Water taps should comply with the followings:

a) Taps should have long handles lever. The water should be delivered through a centre

mixing bib.

b) The taps should not be less than 50 mm away from the back wall.

27.7 Door handles and related hardware and accessories should comply with the

following:

a) Doors should be operable with one hand. Handles or other operating deviser should

not be less than 900 mm nor more than 1200 mm above the finished floor level and

should be horizontally aligned with any adjacent light switches as shown in Figure 24.

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b) Handles for hinged door should be made from non-slip material of lever action type

as shown in Figure 25 a).

c) The clearance between the handles and the back plate should not be less than 50

mm.

d) Where a door closer is fitted, the pressure required to open the door should not be

more than 36 N for external doors and 22 N for internal doors.

e) An auxiliary handrail should be fixed closed for the handles to the door for easier

manipulation by disabled persons and should be fixed as shown in Figure 25 b).

Figure 25. Door handle and auxiliary rails locations

28. Signs and symbols

28.1 The international symbol of access is white on a background of light French blue or

vice versa, as shown in Figure 26 a) below.

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Figure 26 a). International symbol of access for disabled persons.

(the grid is for setting purposes only)

Figure 26 b). Example of sign and symbol indicating facilities and its direction

28.2 The size of the symbol for access should not be less than those given in Table 3.

Table 3. Size of symbol for access for varying viewing distances

Required viewing distances ( m ) Minimum size of symbol ( mm )

0 – 7 60 x 60

7 – 18 Min. 110 x 110

> 18 Max. 450 x 450

INFORMATION SYMBOL DIRECTION

tandas

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28.8 For hotels and other public accommodation, it is recommended that the local

authority, tourism development office or a voluntary organisation should compile a brochure

listing those with facilities for disabled. Signs can be displayed outside such establishments,

with the consent of their management.

29. Announcements, signals and warnings for people with defectivesight or hearing impaired

All public buildings should provide the following requirements :

29.1 Public announcement systems and emergency warning signals should be both

audible and visible.

29.2 Should be clearly identified by illumination guide or guiding blocks surface for

example nosing of staircases for either normal or emergency use.

29.3 Where it is not possible to lock a door leading to a dangerous area, the hazards

should be identified for the blind with a guiding block layout which can be supplemented by

other methods such as fixing of indicators to the underside of handrails to indicate position of

landing, knurling of door handles, raised letters immediately adjacent to the door handles etc.

29.4 The illumination levels in the respective areas should not be lower than those

indicated in Table 5.

Table 5. Levels of illumination

Location Illumination (lux)

Passageways and walkways 150

Stairs and landing 150Ramps 150

Lifts 150

Toilet and locker rooms 200

Counter tops 250

General displays 200-300

30. Landscape

30.1 Soft landscape and hard landscape should not obstruct the disabled at places in the

main stream of circulation such as the lobby, entrances, foyer, corridors, staircases,

courtyards, lounge, toilets, restaurant and indoor swimming pool.

30.2 Any decoration features which are located in the circulation area, should be

surrounded by a temporary kerb and should be high enough to be conspicuous.

30.3 Any mannequin or decoration features such as the decor of festival theme in

shopping complexes should have stable stands or bases with a minimum height of 450 mm

from floor level when located in the circulation area.

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30.4 Any water features should be surrounded by a wall with a minimum height of 600 mm

from floor level for the safety of visually impaired.

31. Hotel bedrooms

All disabled persons who stay overnight in a hotel, particularly those who are travelling alone,require special features in the bedrooms and attached bathrooms which they use. Some of these

features relate to structural design and some to furnishing.

31.1 Bedrooms for wheelchair user, and especially their bathrooms, will probably have to be

bigger than those provided for other hotels guests, and should be planned for when the hotel isfirst designed. 1 % of the rooms should be designed for them, and equipped according to therequirements given in Table 6.

31.2 Bedrooms for ambulant disabled, who include the blind and deaf as well as those whouse walking aids, can probably be of the same size and standard design as those for other hotel

guest, but require special furnishing and fittings. 2.5 % of the rooms should be equipped for themaccording to the requirements given in Table 6.

31.3 However, if it proves more convenient at the time of designing and building the hotel, asingle type of bedroom suitable for both groups of disabled persons may be provided instead. Inthis case 3 % of the rooms should be designed and equipped according to the combined

requirements given in Table 6.

31.4 Hotel bedrooms (designated at time of construction or renovation) for disabled persons

should be :

a) preferably on ground floor near exit;

b) preferably nearer to a fire exit; and

c) identified by the hotels management system.

Table 6. Requirements for hotel bedroom

Table 6 a). For wheelchair user

Bathroom i) A combined toilet and washroom of special design, with water closet, wash basin and either a bath or shower with fixed seat (see Clauses 16, 17, 17.1).

ii) At the door from bedroom there should not be any raised threshold to jump over; while the drop downshould be minimal and ramped rather than vertical.

Furniture i) The high and low limits of wheelchair user's reach (see 23.1) must be remembered for furnitureprovided whether built-in or installed later. For example rails to hang clothing, drawers and shelves shouldbe at height within easy reach.

ii) Table top, refer to Clause 24 and for mirror refer to 20.3.

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