Notes for Chapter 3-Cell OrganellesSection 3-1: Cell Theory

1. _________- the smallest basic structural and function unit of all living organisms.

_________________- first person to discover dead cells in cork bark with a microscope

_________________- first person to discover living cells

2. ________________- the cell theory is composed of three parts

All organisms are made up of _____________. All existing cells are produced by other living ______________. The cell is the most basic unit of ________________.

3. Cell Diversity- cells are highly variable in their size, shape and organization which depends upon their function

Cell _____________ is limited due to relationship between the cells internal volume and its surface area.

Cells are dependent on their outer surface for all transport of materials into and out of the cell. As the size of a cell increases, the volume increases at a faster rate than the surface area. This eventually leads to a situation where a cell can no longer transport the necessary materials across its membrane. This simple process limits cell size.

4. All cells share certain characteristics:– Cells tend to be microscopic.– All cells are enclosed by a membrane.– All cells are filled with cytoplasm.

5. Types of CellsThere are two types of cells

_________________- simple cells lacking a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles (ex. Bacteria)

_________________- more complex cells which contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (ex. Plant and animal cells)

-The _____________ is a distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

MAIN IDEAEukaryotic cells have a ____________

Eukaryotic cells have _____________

Prokaryotic cells do not have a ___________

Prokaryotic cells do not have_____________

6. ______________- these are the internal structures of a cell that help the cell undergo various processes

Section 3-2: Structures and Organelles

Cells have and internal structure:

________________- is the semi-fluid environment inside the plasma membrane

________________- is a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers which has many functions:

– supports and shapes __________– helps position and transport ____________– provides ____________– assists in cell ______________– aids in cell ________________

Cells have a plasma membrane that acts as the body guard of the cell.

Several organelles are involved in processing proteins___________- stores genetic information

___________- located within the nucleus. Site of ribosome production

There are two types of __________________________:____________ endoplasmic reticulum (ribosome)____________ endoplasmic reticulum

_________________ link amino acids to form proteins. (RER)

_________________ are membrane bound sacs that hold materials.

Other organelles have various functions:

________________- converts food particles (sugar) into usable energy (ATP)

________________- stores enzymes and waster products (mainly in plants)

________________- processes and packages substances produced by the cell

________________- digest molecules, old organelles, and other substances

________________ are tubes found in the centrosomes.

Centrioles help divide __________.Centrioles form __________ and _______________.

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.A _____________ provides rigid ________________

__________________ convert _______________ energy to ______________ energy. (glucose)

Cells are organized to form the following:

_____________- collections of cells all organized to carry out a specific function (ex. Muscle tissue)

_____________- several types of tissues all acting together to perform a specific function(ex. Stomach, lung, liver, etc.)

_____________- a group of organs that work together to perform a specific task

(ex. Digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, etc.)

Cells form_______________tissues form_______________ organs form____________________

Bacterial Cell

Animal Cell

Plant Cell All Cells

Cell Membrane

Ribosome

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Nucleolus

Nucleus

DNA

Cell Wall

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Organelle Illustration Trick/Analogy to Remember Function Prokaryote(Bacterial

cell)

EukaryotePlant Animal

1.Cell wall

2.Cell membrane

3.Cytoplasm

4.Cytoskeleton

5.Vacuole

6.Nucleus

Organelle Illustration Trick to Remember Function Prokaryote(Bacterial

cell)

Eukaryote Plant Animal

7.Nucleolus

8.Ribosomes

9. RoughEndoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

10. SmoothEndoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

11.GolgiApparatus

12.Vesicle

Organelle Illustration Trick to Remember Function Prokaryote(Bacterial

cell)

EukaryotePlant Animal

13.Lysosomes

14.Centrosomes

15.Centrioles

16.Mitochondria

17.Chloroplasts