mid-year review of the common appeal for transition · web view25 parties entered the new...
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Narendra Shrestha/Mahottari/NEPAL/2007
SAMPLE OF ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS
AARRECACFACTEDADRAAfricareAMI-FranceARCASBASIAVSICARECARITASCEMIR INTERNATIONALCESVICFACHFCHFICISVCMACONCERNConcern UniversalCOOPICORDAIDCOSV
CRSCWSDanchurchaidDDGDiakonie Emergency AidDRCEM-DHFAOFARFHIFinnchurchaidFrench RCFSDGAAGOALGTZGVCHandicap InternationalHealthNet TPOHELPHelpAge InternationalHKIHorn Relief
HTHumedicaIAILOIMCINTERMONInternewsINTERSOSIOMIPHDIRIRCIRDIRINIRWIslamic RWJOINJRSLWFMalaria ConsortiumMalteserMercy CorpsMDA
MDMMEDAIRMENTORMERLINNCANPANRCOCHAOHCHROXFAMOXFAM UKPA (formerly ITDG)PACTPAIPlanPMU-IPURC/GermanyRCOSamaritan's PurseSECADEVSolidaritésSUDO
TEARFUNDTGHUMCORUNAIDSUNDPUNDSSUNEPUNESCOUNFPAUN-HABITATUNHCRUNICEFUNIFEMUNJLCUNMASUNOPSUNRWAVISWFPWHOWorld ConcernWorld ReliefWV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................1
SOME BASIC FACTS ABOUT NEPAL................................................................................................3
TABLE I. REQUIREMENTS, COMMITMENTS/CONTRIBUTIONS AND PLEDGES BY THEMATIC AREA.......4
TABLE II. REQUIREMENTS, COMMITMENTS/CONTRIBUTIONS AND PLEDGES BY APPEALING ORGANISATIONS............................................................................................................................ 5
TABLE III............LIST OF APPEAL PROJECTS (GROUPED BY THEMATIC AREA) WITH FUNDING STATUS6
2. CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS...............................................13
3. RESPONSE TO DATE, UPDATED STRATEGY AND RESPONSE PLANS...........................15
3.1 FUNDING ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 UPDATED SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS..........................................................................................15
3.2.I EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION.................................................................15
3.2.II PROTECTION (INCLUDING CHILD PROTECTION AND PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN)18
3.2.III CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT.....................................................................19
3.2.IV MINE ACTION................................................................................................................. 20
3.2.V EMERGENCY HEALTH PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE....................................................21
3.2.VI INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS..................................................................................22
3.2.VII REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS..................................................................................22
3.2.VIII NATURAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE......................................................23
3.2.IX COORDINATION..............................................................................................................24
4. CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 25
5. NEW AND REVISED PROJECTS............................................................................................26
ANNEX I. ADDITIONAL FUNDING TABLES..................................................................................52
ANNEX II. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................56
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Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The beginning of 2008 brought landmark achievements in Nepal’s peace process, and significant change in the political landscape, with the former insurgents emerging as the largest political party in national elections. However, forming a new government and managing the political transition from a centralised monarchy to a federal democratic republic remains a daunting task. The impact of national political changes has yet to reach the majority of Nepal’s impoverished population, whose lives and livelihoods depend on continued humanitarian assistance.
The period leading up to the twice postponed Constituent Assembly (CA) elections was marred by tension and violence, but the 10 April elections were declared successful and credible by international observers. 25 parties entered the new 601-strong assembly, which is more representative than any previous legislative body due to complex quota regulations. The Assembly’s main aim is to produce a new Constitution within two years, but also to govern the country in the interim period. The CA met for the first time on 28 May, and will have to resolve several key issues, including the restructuring and reform of practically all governance institutions down to local government and security bodies, in particular, determining the future of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and the Nepal Army. Two months after the elections, the previous Interim Government remains in place, as the major parties have been unable to find consensus on basic power sharing issues.
While the current mandate of the UN Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) will expire on 22 July 2008, the Secretary-General has noted that the UN stands ready to provide continued support for the completion and consolidation of the peace process and for the long-term development of Nepal. The UN is awaiting a request from the government regarding whatever assistance it deems necessary and until then, the future of UNMIN or a post-UNMIN presence remains uncertain. It is clear, however, that major challenges and uncertainties regarding the peace process remain.
Meanwhile, challenges of a humanitarian nature persist and have in some cases been exacerbated by recent developments. Despite some encouraging achievements in recent months and considerable efforts by the aid community, the resilience of the most vulnerable communities is fragile, and it is necessary to be alert and respond quickly to emerging needs, as food insecurity has worsened and has attained crisis proportions in some areas. This comes against a background of nutrition and morbidity indicators at emergency levels. Legacies from the conflict remain unattended, with continued needs of internally displaced persons (IDP) and conflict survivors. The resettlement of more than 100,000 refugees from Bhutan has just begun, but not without challenges. With weak institutions, armed groups operating freely in some areas, and widespread impunity, lawlessness looms large. The risk and high vulnerability associated with natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and landslides adds to the challenge and calls for immediate action to prevent potential major loss of life. Also, there are 800,000 stateless persons in Nepal.
The humanitarian community in Nepal has pooled its resources to identify the most urgent needs and to provide an adequate response in the form of direct assistance, advocacy and preparedness. The revised requirements for the Appeal are US$1 104 million. To date, 39% funding has been raised to meet these needs, and $63 million to fund the gaps is still required. Only with commensurate resources can humanitarian action be provided to Nepal’s poorest and most deprived, while the groundwork needs to be laid for a post-conflict Nepal that will be able to take on more of a role to protect its most vulnerable people on its own.
Key ConcernsA combination of factors such as, rising food prices, drought, floods, and landslides are predicted to leave more than eight million people food insecure. Food shortages experienced throughout Nepal during the first quarter of 2008 led to a 40% increase in prices of key commodities, such as cooking oil, lentils and wheat. This will have adverse effects on those already living below the poverty line, which is further compounded by a 20 to 40% crop-loss in the mid and far western development regions. Food shortages are likely to increase child mortality and morbidity rates. At any given time, 450,000 children under five suffer from acute malnourishment (wasting), and 70,000 of these children are at risk of dying.
1 All dollar signs in this document are United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Services (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the CAP 2008 page.
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NEPAL
Natural disasters regularly impact upon communities throughout Nepal in the form of floods, landslides, and drought. Recurring seasonal disasters occur with unpredictable severity, affecting thousands of households annually and increasing the risk of epidemics. The floods and landslides with a magnitude similar to 2007 would affect 50,000 families this year. With high risk of a severe earthquake causing catastrophic damage in the Kathmandu valley, earthquake preparedness is an overriding concern. Much needs to be done with regard to strengthening the capacity of the state for disaster mitigation and emergency response.
Protection remains an enduring concern. Entrenched impunity for past and present abuses continues while the security situation remains fragile. Although a national IDP policy was instituted in February 2007, the accompanying directives, without which the policy cannot be implemented, still await Cabinet approval. This has hindered the implementation of relief and compensation packages for IDP. Land issues have led to an increasing number of slums and squatter camps in urban areas.
Access and quality of public health services continues to be an area of humanitarian concern. 27% of all deaths of women of reproductive age (15 to 49) are attributed to childbirth complications. Acute diarrhoea, cholera, acute respiratory infection (ARI), measles, Kala-azar (black fever), malaria, and Japanese Encephalitis remain key health concerns and require epidemiological surveillance systems. There is an urgent need for medical rapid response teams to be better prepared for emergencies, disease and pandemic outbreaks.
AchievementsDespite resource shortfalls, conflict affected communities have been provided with food and employment opportunities. Joint UN and NGO projects have been initiated for community based therapeutic treatment for malnutrition. Some 550,000 conflict affected people in remote districts received food assistance. Emergency health kits have been distributed to 70,000 people in vulnerable districts. 20 remote district chapters of the Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) have been equipped with basic first aid supplies and equipment. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) continued to monitor the human rights provisions of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and helped to operationalise the protection cluster. Assistance has been provided to 3,500 children associated with armed forces and armed groups, and 2,000 vulnerable children in 58 districts. 402 mine risk education (MRE) focal points from 71 districts have been trained in emergency MRE. 12,000 additional hazard signs (to mark mines and improvised explosive devices) have been donated to the Nepal Army and Nepal Police. Resettlement of refugees from Bhutan has started. There has been considerable progress in discussions with the government and key actors to establish an Emergency Operations Centre for disaster management. Inter-agency coordination mechanisms, including the cluster approach to contingency planning, are being streamlined. The Nepal Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) country team country team has collectively produced an analysis of humanitarian needs and allocated $6 million in Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) funding for priority programmes to meet food, health and shelter needs in Nepal.
To continue priority programmes and to address a looming potential increased caseload, the Nepal appeal requires $104 million, of which $63 million is still needed. The revised amount represents decreases in project budgets that have not received funding, with increases attributed to the rise in operational costs and the addition of a small number of new priority projects.
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NEPAL
SOME BASIC FACTS ABOUT NEPALPopulation 27 million people (*Projected - Central Bureau of Statistics 2008)Under-five mortality 61 p/1,000 live births (Demographic Health Survey 2006) Life expectancy 62.6 years (UNDP HDR 2007)Gross national income per capita $290 (World Development Database Indicators 2007)Percentage of population living on less than $1 per day 24.1% (UNDP HDR 2007)Percentage of population living below national poverty line (food basket) 31 % (NLSS 2004)IDP 50,000 – 70,000 (IDP working group estimates, 2007)Refugees 130,000 Bhutanese and Tibetan refugeesStateless persons 800,000ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index Score (V/C) 2/3 (severe rank)2007 Human Development Index score 0.534: 142nd of 177 - medium
Statistics particular to NepalEight million people potentially food-insecure as a result of rising food/fuel prices, drought, floods and landslides (WFP 2008) 104 new civilian casualties from victim-activated explosions in 2007, more than 30 casualties in 2008 (UNICEF 2008)Global Acute Malnutrition (wasting) in children under-five is 13% (Demographic Health Survey 2006)
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Table I. Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges by Thematic Area
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Table II. Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges by Appealing Organisations
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Table III. List of Appeal Projects (grouped by thematic area) with funding status
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2. CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS
The past six months have brought historic changes in Nepal’s political landscape. The Constituent Assembly Elections, held on 10 April after two postponements, was a significant milestone in the peace process ending a ten-year conflict. The election results, giving the former insurgents of the Communist Party of Nepal – Maoist (CPN/Maoists) the largest share of the seats in the Assembly, more than the Nepali Congress (NC) and the Unified Marxist Leninist (UML) parties combined, constitute perhaps the most dramatic changes in Nepal’s politics since the advent of democracy in 1990.
However, serious challenges remain, and new difficulties have emerged that put the authorities under enormous pressure. The political process itself is fraught with complexity, and likely to be protracted and contentious. Issues include the establishment of the full Constituent Assembly of 601 members, the formation of a new government, the restructuring and reform of practically all governance institutions down to local government bodies and security bodies, and agreeing on a way forward with regard to the Nepal Army and the People’s Liberation Army. The Constituent Assembly, which is more representative than any other previously elected body in Nepal in terms of caste, ethnicity and gender, has a mandate of two years to write a new democratic constitution for the country. At the same time, it will also serve as the regular legislature for the transition period.
Local governance structures are still not fully functioning, due to the absence of elected local bodies since 2002. The minimal presence of the Village Development Committee (VDC), including VDC secretaries, restricts programme implementation and spending of the development budget at the VDC level, further reducing vulnerable populations’ access to basic services. As of June 2008, almost 50% of the VDC secretaries were not present full-time in their duty stations. The lack of services mainly affects the poorest of the poor primarily in remote rural areas, but also, increasingly, the urban poor.
Interview with Nirmala Niraula, age 48, at Sabjee Bazaar, Damak, Jhapa, Nepal (May 2008)
I have been selling vegetables in this market to earn extra income for my family for the last ten years. Until this year, the income that I earned was enough for me to buy rice and vegetables to feed my family, to help pay our rent and the school fees for my children.
The price of food has been increasing day by day. Rice has increased from 18 rupees* to 30 rupees per kilo. Lentils are now 80 rupees a kilo. Everything has become expensive. My income is decreasing because people are not buying as much of my vegetables. I can buy less and less because the price of basic foods keeps rising.
We have no savings. There is no end in sight for these rising food prices. It is becoming difficult for me to buy enough food to feed my family. I
am afraid that we will not have enough money to pay our rent. I want to pay the school fees so that our children can continue to go to school, but right now the first priority is to use the little money I have to buy the food that my family needs. Everything after that is a second priority.
Nepal’s economy is not likely to improve before key governance questions are resolved. Inflation has hit a record high at 8%. One of the core causes of inflation and the most significant in terms of effects on the population is the rise in food and fuel prices during the past six months. Nepal is affected by global price trends in this regard, and is disadvantaged by circumstances, as it depends on food imports and is entirely dependent on imported petroleum products from India. On several occasions, fuel shortages have become so acute that they caused a virtual standstill of transportation and caused riots and protests in some parts of the country.
* 68 Nepalese Rupees = $1.
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Photo Credit - WFP/James Giambrone
Food prices have increased to such an extent that World Food Programme (WFP) warns that 31% of the population living below the poverty line, an estimated eight million Nepalese, have had to reduce their food intake or adopt other harmful coping strategies, such as not seeking medical treatments or not sending their children to school, as they have become borderline food insecure. Meanwhile, government services in food aid and social assistance are not capable of meeting demands, making vulnerable sectors of Nepal’s society reliant on external food aid.
The rising cost of fuel and other commodities has also increased programmatic and operational costs for humanitarian agencies. For the refugee programme, this represents a 20% increase in cost, and is reflected in this revised Appeal.
Armed groups continue to operate in some districts in Eastern and Central Terai, causing insecurity in the affected towns, villages, and communities. Security issues affect the ability of International/Non-Governmental Organisations (I/NGOs) to provide relief in these parts of the country. In February 2008, protests and bandhs (blockades) paralysed most of the Terai region and several dozen civilian party agents, police and state officials have died in violent attacks or clashes. Trends in reported incidents, including abductions, Improvised Explosive Device (IED) explosions, and killings, indicate a lull immediately after the elections in April, but incidents have resumed to pre-election levels as of June.
While some major achievements at the macro-level of the peace process have been made, including successful elections, the benefits of peace have yet to trickle down to the people, and in particular to the poor. The protracted political process in the capital is likely to hamper the state to provide effective security and services to the people that need it most. Meanwhile, other trends such as economic stagnation, migration pressures and rising commodity prices are making life even harder for millions of Nepalese.
The planning assumptions presented in the current appeal have been slightly modified to take into account the implications of the recently-held Constituent Assembly elections and the impact of the rising food and fuel prices.
Revised Planning Assumptions Political process continues with delays and set backs; Continued volatility in security situation, especially in Central and Eastern Terai; State machinery/leadership focussed on the constitution-making process at the central level while
chronic vulnerabilities (food, health, nutrition) receive inadequate attention; Seasonal disasters will affect at least 30% of the population.
Triggering Factors Dissent amongst political parties during the Constitution Assembly/constitution-making process; Food/fuel crisis escalates; A major disaster occurs.
Humanitarian Implications New displacement/migration due to political uncertainty and/or economic (food/fuel) crises; Political/leadership vacuum at the local level affects the functioning and delivery of basic services;
including the delivery of projects in the field; 50,000 disaster victims will need immediate and mid-term relief and rehabilitation support; Eight million people are food insecure.
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3. RESPONSE TO DATE, UPDATED STRATEGY AND RESPONSE PLANS
The Nepal IASC country team considers that the scenarios and sector strategies elaborated in January 2008 are still valid, with revisions made only with regard to the change in the political context. The food and fuel crises are expected to hinder humanitarian operations in the country, with a major impact on the acutely malnourished population.
3.1 FUNDING ANALYSIS
In line with the funding trend of previous appeals, the 2008 Common Appeal for Transition Support (hereinto referred as the Nepal Appeal), attracted significant funding in the first quarter of the year. But again as in the case of previous appeals, there are gaps within and between sectors, especially in the areas of food security and nutrition, and emergency preparedness and response. Five new projects have been added during the Mid-Year Review (MYR), in food security, mine action, protection and coordination sections.
20 projects were revised at the time of the MYR. Major upward revisions have been made to projects in the refugee sector, to account for rising prices of commodities, including food. A table summarising funding and implementation status is included as an annex to this document.
The Nepal Appeal places its emphasis on humanitarian action, recognising that linkages to peace support and development initiatives need to be developed. The international community helped set up a Nepal Peace Trust Fund (NPTF) in order to support the government in executing its five national priorities.2 As of 15 January 2008, the NPTF had a total approved budget of $36.78 million, out of which $32.28 million was disbursed to various government entities to implement projects related to cantonment support, voter education, training of election officials, emergency health fund and IDP. Besides the government of Nepal, contributing donors include: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
As a complementary initiative to the NPTF, UNMIN manages a multi-donor United Nations Peace Fund Nepal (UNPFN), to support the overall peace process. As of May 2008, the UNPFN had received $9.5 million, out of which projects worth $6.1 million have already been approved. Approved projects range from mine action, verification of combatants, electoral assistance and surveillance to programmes targeting post-conflict reconciliation.
3.2 UPDATED SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS
3.2.I EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION
Rising fuel costs, scarce electricity and rapidly increasing food prices pose significant challenges for food security and peace in Nepal. During the first quarter of 2008, the prices of key commodities such as cooking oil, wheat, lentils and rice increased on average by as much as 40%. Nepal’s poor, approximately eight million people who spend roughly 2/3 of their income on food, will be the most affected by food price increases.
Further compounding these challenges, the WFP Food Security Monitoring and Analysis System found that communities in the hills and mountains of the Far- and Mid-Western Development Regions face a serious threat to food security due to poor winter crop production (20 to 40% crop loss). This, coupled with rising food prices and high rates of poverty and malnutrition in these areas, places the population at high risk. The Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) efforts to increase vulnerable household food availability through the provision of agricultural inputs continue, but limited resources have not allowed for wide coverage of such programmes. This situation is likely to become more severe as of June when households will have depleted their wheat stocks and become dependent on markets for their food supply.
In addition, severe resource shortfalls delayed implementation of some activities under WFP’s Food Assistance for Conflict-Affected Populations in Nepal project. Rising food prices have also increased the time needed to procure and deliver food, creating additional delays. As a result this project has been extended by six months until December 2008 to allow for full implementation of planned activities. The
2 National priorities of the government of Nepal – Management of cantonments and integration of CPN-Maoist combatants; Rehabilitation of IDP and other conflict victims; Preparations for, and conduct of the Constituent Assembly Elections; Strengthening of law and order and rehabilitation of police administration; and Support to the peace process.
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2008 shortfall for this project is $25 million. Without additional resources, more than 700,000 people will not receive assistance to meet their immediate food needs and are likely to fall further into poverty and deprivation.
Malnutrition remains an enduring problem. Almost 50% of children still suffer from chronic malnutrition or are stunted (height for age), 40% are underweight and 13% suffer from acute malnutrition or are wasted (weight for height). Wasting, which is associated with increased risk of mortality, is extremely high in the Terai (17%) and Mid- and Far-Western hill districts (16%) and is even more pronounced among disadvantaged communities. The nutrition situation in the hills and mountains of the Far- and Mid-Western regions is likely to deteriorate as food shortages intensify due to poor winter crops. Increases in food and fuel prices will further erode the nutritional status of children and women in many households across the country, particularly among the urban poor.
In order to improve the coverage and availability of programmes to manage severe malnutrition, UNICEF, Action Contre la Faim (ACF) and Concern have been working jointly to pilot community-based severe malnutrition treatment projects. Joint rapid nutrition assessments have also been conducted by partners in flood and other disaster affected areas.
The Emergency Health and Nutrition Working Group, coordinated by WHO and UNICEF as IASC cluster leads, coordinates planning and preparedness for emergency nutrition response, preparation of assessment tools and nutrition survey guidelines, and malnutrition treatment protocols. These activities have been undertaken in collaboration with a variety of partners including ACF, Concern and WFP.
While the cluster approach has improved effectiveness of collective action in emergency nutrition, lack of human resources and funding is impeding implementation of preparedness activities. Further, a joint UNICEF-CONCERN-ACF proposal, which aims to address severe acute malnutrition through community based therapeutic care treatment, also remains under-funded. Around $2.3 million is needed to carry out emergency nutrition activities. Although programme partners have received funding from alternative sources such as the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), this has not been sufficient. There still is a shortfall of $1.83 million. Programme implementation has been initiated, but if no additional funding is received the scale of response for this year might need to be down-scaled to reduce the area covered (both fewer districts and fewer health facilities) and fewer beneficiaries. If no further funding is received, the current ACF programme in Mugu district will have to close down, rather than the planned district-wide expansion.
In the first half of 2008, the joint OCHA-WFP project on Surveillance and Programme Targeting, supported by the UNPFN, employed teams of field monitors to gather information on the impact of the conflict on remote communities, presence of local government bodies, land alienation, public security and awareness of elections. This information supported UNMIN in supporting the peace process in general and the CA elections in particular, and assisted the UN Country Team (UNCT) in better targeting appropriate interventions in support of the peace process.
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expectations raised by promises made by the new government, and concerns about the ability of the state to deliver basic services, continued information gathering and analysis can contribute to need-based programme responses and policy actions. Under a new phase of the Surveillance and Programme Targeting Project, WFP and OCHA’s existing capacities will be deployed for food security and peace monitoring, and to build government monitoring capacity.
3.2.II PROTECTION (INCLUDING CHILD PROTECTION AND PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN)
The CA elections in April 2008 raised great expectations with regard to peace and change, including an end to discrimination, inequalities and impunity. Still, parts of the population remain politically under-
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represented and excluded from access to justice and other public services, as a consequence of poverty and/or through discrimination by reason of gender, ethnicity, caste or sexual orientation.
State institutions are weak and subject to political pressure. Entrenched impunity for past and present abuses continues to be the central obstacle to reform of government institutions. Transforming a climate of impunity into a culture of accountability will be essential to sustainable peace. Laws which clearly are in breach of human rights treaties are still awaiting review, in spite of international and national appeals for their repeal or amendment.
Little progress has been made in other key issues such as transitional justice, including accountability for past violations, clarifying the fate of the disappeared and reparations. Recent research has confirmed the use of sexual violence during conflict, although the extent is still not clear, and lack of adequate support to victims.
The failure to reform the police has contributed to a crisis in public confidence and a public security vacuum. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) concluded that local authorities had been ill-prepared and failed to intervene promptly to stop or prevent the spread of violence in Kapilvastu district in September 2007. 14 people were killed, several thousand displaced and property extensively damaged as a result of communal violence which erupted after the killing of a local leader there.
In February 2008 protests and the imposition of bandhs paralysed daily life in most of the Terai and led to violent confrontations between bandh supporters and both the Nepal Police and Armed Police Force (APF). Schools were directly affected and many were closed. According to OHCHR’s findings, six civilians died during the protests as a result of confrontations with police, five as a result of bullet wounds, and hundreds were injured. An APF officer was also killed and numerous other police officers were injured in connection with the demonstrations, mostly by stones and rocks thrown by protestors.
Actions of armed groups and the failure of State authorities to adequately address them had a severe impact on the protection of human rights in the Terai, especially the rights to life, security and physical integrity and deepened the climate of fear and intimidation as well as divisions between Madheshi and Pahadi (people of hill origin) communities.
Furthermore, 16 CPN-Maoist cadres have reportedly been killed in the first five months of 2008, including seven who died as a result of a police fire in one incident in the Dang district a day before the elections. OHCHR also continues to receive reports of abuses by CPN-Maoist cadres, and find that state authorities often do not respond adequately to such allegations.
Those incidents illustrate the turbulent nature of Nepal’s transition and the challenges faced by the Government, in particular the agencies responsible for maintaining law and order that function under difficult conditions often with insufficient training, resources or operating procedures.
The issue of land rights and landlessness is one of the most critical human rights issues in the Far West region of Nepal. According to the district authorities there are up to 80 illegal land encroachments in the Kailali district alone, accounting for 50% of all encroachments in Nepal. For the most part the encroachment is by so called ‘landless’ communities claiming they have nowhere else to go and no means to provide for themselves. In response, the local authorities maintain their need to protect the forest and forcibly evict the ‘landless,’ claiming that they all have land. There have already been several attempted forced evictions in the district that have raised human rights concerns. OHCHR and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) are jointly advocating with the relevant district and national authorities to take a rights-based approach to the issue of ‘landlessness’ and forced evictions. This includes drafting specific guidelines to the different relevant authorities at the district and national level based on best practices and international human rights law.
Child protection has been largely overlooked in emergency response in Nepal, despite the predictable seasonal flooding and landslides that displace and affect thousands of Nepalese every year, as well as the less predictable civil unrest. In September 2007, the UNICEF-led Child Protection Assessment Team identified an alarming lack of coordination and consideration for child protection concerns in the emergency response to the Kapilvastu riots.
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To mitigate risks for children leading up to the CA election, UNICEF and the Government of Nepal’s Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB) initiated a media awareness campaign to prevent the misuse of children in political activities. Representatives of political parties signed a Joint Declaration of Commitment to Children on 17 March 2008 at an event organised by UNICEF, Save the Children Alliance and the Consortium of Organisations working for Child Clubs. UNICEF and partners also established an emergency response coordination mechanism at the regional level which mapped district level service providers for legal services, transportation to medical care, counselling and temporary shelter for children misused in political processes.
In April this year, UNICEF and the Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation (TPO) commenced co-chairing a working group on the IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. The working group is currently developing a case study that will first contextualise, and then implement the guidelines with the objective of improving awareness and capacity in this important and often overlooked area.
OHCHR continues to monitor the human rights provisions of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and provide capacity building and technical assistance, in line with the Government’s request. OHCHR-Nepal considers the NHRC to be a key partner and has been working closely with it on protection issues. The Office has actively engaged in institutional building and a major part of its capacity building activities in the last two years has involved the NHRC. OHCHR-Nepal plans to improve its assistance for the NHRC, including by supporting its Strategic Plan for 2008-2010.
OHCHR has also recently taken the lead in establishing and operationalising the protection cluster, incorporating IDP and child protection (with UNICEF as the lead) within this framework. The cluster has improved coordination at the national level, however, significant resources are required to improve capacity to effectively prepare for and respond to issues such as child protection in emergencies. Whilst some funding may be available for emergency response, there is an acute lack of funding for essential cluster emergency preparedness activities. Hence, at the time of the MYR, a new project was added by UNICEF to improve cluster preparedness and response capacity on child protection issues. United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) has put in a new project on preventing sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) in Nepal as recent research has shown that the decade long armed conflict has resulted in increased cases of sexual and gender based violence, prostitution, trafficking, vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, and negative psycho-social impacts. These two new projects amount to $1.2 million. To date, only OHCHR’s project is fully funded. The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid.
3.2.III CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT
The release and return of children affected by armed conflict (CAAFAG) continues to face new challenges pending the establishment of a new government. Issues over implementation of the peace agreement have up until now prevented the immediate and unconditional release of all children associated with the CPN-Maoist PLA. A total of 2,937 young people have been identified as under 18 years old within the PLA and have resided in the cantonment sites since November 2006, separated from their families and without access to education.3
While registration and verification in most cantonments is complete, release of the children has yet to occur despite continuous advocacy from UNICEF and the CAAFAG Working Group with the interim government and the PLA, including through the donor community. The Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict in Nepal released on 18 April 2008 recommended the immediate and unconditional release of these children. Whilst the Secretary-General’s report identified a significant decrease in grave violations of children’s rights the report expressed concern that “social unrest linked to long-standing issues of exclusion has contributed to a steady pattern of protests and the emergence of political and armed groups in the southern Terai plains” which has “created new risks for children, including displacement, killings and recruitment”.4
To mitigate such risks for children in the period leading up to the election, UNICEF utilised existing child protection networks such as the CAAFAG working group and 1612 Taskforce to establish an emergency monitoring and response mechanism for children misused by and/or harmed by political activities. The United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1612 Task force in Nepal has documented a
3 CAAFAG %: Mid-term review May 2008.4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on children and armed conflict in Nepal, S/2008/259.
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Yes (91%)
Don’t know(3%)
No (6%)
Do you think you need more information on the danger of explosive devices?
Source: UNICEF/CREHPA – Jan 2008Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) Cluster Survey in 600 households in six ‘highly’ affected districts.
number of core violations between October 2006 and December 2007, including 65 killings/maiming, 168 abductions, and attacks on schools and recruitment.5
UNICEF and members of the CAAFAG Working Group have identified and provided reintegration support to more than 3,500 children affected by armed conflict and 2,000 vulnerable children and other children affected by the conflict at the community level in over 58 districts. Recognising the need to strengthen and operate within child protection systems, as well as the significant role of children and youth in the peace process, the CAAFAG Working Group will adopt a more holistic approach and integrate the existing CAAFAG programme into the wider strategy of reinforcing child protection systems for children affected by armed conflict over the coming months.
The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid. Overall, only 50% funding has been received for activities in this theme.
3.2.IV MINE ACTIONAlthough Nepal has been in a post-conflict situation since April 2006, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), landmines and other explosive remnants of war (ERW), used by both parties during the decade-long conflict - and more recently, by other armed groups - continue to kill and injure. In 2007, 104 civilians, including 49 children, died or were severely injured as a result of victim-activated explosions. As of 31 May 2008, twenty-four new casualties, including seventeen children, have been reported.6
In early 2008, the Centre for Research on Environmental Health and Population Activities (CREHPA) completed a cluster survey in 600 households (1,200 interviewees) of six districts that were highly affected by victim-activated explosions. Results show that civilians, especially children are exposed to explosive devices, are not aware of the threat, and they handle and play with such devices thus exposing themselves to mortal danger.
In January 2008, the UNICEF-commissioned national assessment on rights, care and rehabilitation of survivors of explosive devices identified the lack of victim assistance policy and plan of action for Nepal, lack of coordination in victim assistance and related fields, gaps in victim knowledge on available assistance service provision, and a general lack of comprehensive data as key concerns. Three national Mine Action Joint Working Group coordination meetings involving the government, NGOs, the NRCS, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the UN, have been conducted in 2008 for
information sharing and prioritisation of mine action activities. Most organisations involved in the Mine Action Joint Working Group have implemented risk education, victim assistance and advocacy activities, or incorporated these activities into broader projects.
402 Mine Risk Education focal points from 71 districts have been trained in emergency MRE by UNICEF and the NRCS/ICRC, and have been provided with an emergency MRE kit. 12,000 hazard signs have been provided by UNICEF to the Nepal Army and Police for the marking of minefields and IED fields.
The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid. A new project from the NGO Partnership Nepal has been added to increase the coverage of mine risk education in the Terai region.
Update on Mine Action Activities Outside of the AppealAs demining activities relate to peace-building, they are
funded by the UN Peace Fund and are not part of this appeal. The UNMIN Mine Action Unit (MAU) successfully destroyed all the IEDs held in the Maoist Army cantonment sites, thereby fulfilling UNMIN’s commitment to IED destruction in accordance with the CPA. In excess of 7,000Kg of explosive items were destroyed including more than 14,500 IEDs across nine locations. The MAU also continued to
5 Source: Report of the Secretary- General on children and armed conflict in Nepal (the information is documented by the UN Security Council Res. 1612 Task Force in Nepal 6 Source INSEC/UNICEF.
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oversee mine clearance activities with the Nepal Army. To date, four minefields have been successfully cleared. The NA demining teams are currently undertaking minefield clearance in two other minefields and have, so far approved and committed to the clearance of 15 out of the 53 minefields, 12 of which are planned to be completed in 2008.
To enhance the mine clearance capacity of the NA and, in the fulfilment of their obligations under the CPA, a second mine clearance training course was delivered to 37 NA personnel. The data gathering project undertaken in two regions to assess the extent of IED contamination was concluded that there is not a widespread ERW problem that lends itself to remediation by a conventional battle area clearance (BAC) response. Nevertheless, recently collected (2004 to the present date) victim-activated incident data suggests that there are still items of ERW at large which pose a continuing risk to communities.
3.2.V EMERGENCY HEALTH PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSETen years of armed conflict and frequent natural disasters have increased the magnitude of health needs while decreasing the capacity of the health system to deliver essential health services. Children under five and women of reproductive age remain most vulnerable in emergencies, as illustrated by maternal, infant and child mortality rates. Environmental pollution (air, soil, water) and heavy infestation of the Terai belt by different vectors are adversely affecting morbidity patterns in the country. Additionally, many districts in the Terai are increasingly vulnerable to flooding, which carries increased risk of water and vector borne diseases. Acute diarrhoea including cholera remains an important health concern in Nepal. Numerous outbreaks were reported in 2007 and were difficult to control due to limited implementation of key containment measures. Not only ARI and diarrhoeal diseases but also measles, Kala-azar, malaria and Japanese encephalitis remain key concerns. Across the board, an improved epidemiological surveillance system needs to be put in place.
As of late 2007, new dimensions to the conflict indicated the need to increase emergency preparedness and response capacity. Recent episodes of communal violence and displacement also indicate significant gaps in providing mental health services, and there has been virtually no referral system and counselling capacity for trauma cases.
Maternal mortality, a key indicator of reproductive healthcare services, stands at 281 per 100,000 women aged 15-49 years,7 27% of all deaths of women of reproductive age 15-49 years are attributed to childbirth complications. This level of maternal mortality stems from the low level of access to antenatal, delivery and post-natal care; about 90% of births take place at home and without professional health assistance. Uterine prolapse is a common reproductive health concern confronting Nepalese women. Recent population-based estimates reveal that one in every ten women of reproductive age suffers from uterine prolapse,8 a curable reproductive health condition that severely impedes the lives of women.
Armed conflict and civil unrest in Nepal are also associated with increased sexual violence and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS,9 due to increased military/paramilitary activities and forced migration. Reliable incidence rates and other relevant statistics are largely unavailable. Physical, as well as psycho-social, trauma of survivors of SGBV remain largely unaddressed. As Nepal goes through an important political transition, peace building and rehabilitation are a priority for all sectors including health. The Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) is under great pressure to reactivate the health care facilities with free medical services and increase the delivery of effective and equitable health services.
In addition, another challenge facing the health sector is to address the adverse effects of the food insecurity on the health aspects of people already affected by the humanitarian situation not only because of increase of acute and chronic malnutrition and related morbidity and mortality, but also aggravating infectious diseases which will take a greater toll, leading to longer and more severe cases of diarrhoeal
7 This is a contested figure. Separate joint global estimates by UNICEF, WHO and UNFPA for 2007 are pegged at 830/100,000. This figure supposedly takes into account mis-calculation and mis-reporting.8 Uterine prolapse is a downward displacement of uterus from its normal location inside the pelvis. It ranges from first to third degree prolapse, when the uterus extends outside of the body. 9 In Nepal, there is considerable increase in the number of HIV infection since 1996 when the conflict started: Karkee R, Shrestha DB, School of Public Health, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2006), Vol. 4, No. 3, Issue 15, 363-367
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diseases and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, people living with HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis will also be greatly affected by decreased access to required food as well as health care and medication. The Emergency Health and Nutrition Working Group (EHNWG), coordinated by WHO and UNICEF, will address this phenomenon in cooperation with the MoHP and other health partners.
The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid. None of the projects in this sector are fully funded. However, the budget of 'Health Initiatives in Crisis (WHO)' was increased to procure emergency medical supplies.
3.2.VI INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONSThe government has registered some 35,000 IDP. As the initial government policy on IDP did not recognise those displaced by security forces, the UN and NGOs put current estimates at 50,000-70,000 IDP. In addition, an unknown number of persons have gone to India, which maintains an open border with Nepal. Some have left in search of economic opportunities, although others may have fled for political reasons. The Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction (MPoR) reported in February 2008 that 23,079 persons had received assistance to return from $5.6 million allocated for IDP from the Nepal Peace Trust Fund.10 However, how many actually returned is not known.11 The NPTF report also indicates that no IDP benefited from other return assistance foreseen by the government in its October 2007 statement12 – house repair/reconstruction, education assistance and loans for agricultural/income-generating activities. In the absence of directives, no deregistration system is in place. So far, government assistance has focused on return to the places of origin. For those who cannot, or opt not to return, the assistance to integrate in place of displacement or (if this is not possible) to move to/resettle to another location needs to be encouraged. Advocacy programmes, which include this important long-term solution, as well as sensitisation, awareness and rights aspects of IDP will be a very high priority throughout the rest of 2008.
The focus on elections during the last eight months may explain delays in approving the directives on the implementation of the national policy on IDP (before the cabinet since late February). This, has in turn, delayed all the activities relating to the training on the directives, as well as mass information and dissemination programmes.
Since July 2007, reports indicate systematic targeting of people of Pahadi origin in particular in central and eastern Terai, with violence perpetrated mainly by armed groups. This has resulted in significant displacement. Yet, district authorities have not received any guidelines or instructions from the central government regarding assistance to this caseload. The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid.
3.2.VII REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERSNepal has not signed the 1951 Convention on Refugees or the 1967 Protocol, and there are no regional or domestic refugee laws in place. UNHCR continued to assist some 130,000 refugees and other persons of concern, comprising of three major groups distinguished by place of origin and the level of rights and type of recognition accorded to them.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and WFP together with international and national NGO partners continued to provide protection and assistance to some 108,000 refugees from Bhutan, the largest beneficiary group, sheltered in seven refugee camps in eastern Nepal where they arrived 17 years ago. In 2007, the Government of Nepal ultimately agreed to large scale resettlement of refugees within the framework of a comprehensive solution to their problems. With the cooperation of the Government which agreed to a simplified exit permit procedure in January 2008, UNHCR, with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), has launched the resettlement operation. Several information campaigns have been conducted to provide refugees with the possibility of making an informed decision about resettlement. Already by early June 2008, one out of three refugees had expressed formal interest in being resettled. It is anticipated that by the end June more than 2,000 refugees will have left Nepal to be resettled in a third country. The quality and level of documentation of refugees from Bhutan has also been improved through distribution of individual ID cards to all refugees of
10 Nepal Peace Trust Fund, Second Four-Monthly Progress Report, February 15, 2008.11 UNHCR’s project indicates that in the 31 Districts covered, 82 % of registered IDP had returned. However, it stresses that numbers are neither official nor accurate.12 Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction Press Release posted in Kathmandu Post 1 November 2007.
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16 years and above. The ID cards distribution exercise, which started in December 2007, is scheduled to be completed by mid-August 2008.
The refugees are not allowed to engage in gainful activities and therefore are dependant on assistance from the international community. Pending identification of a durable solution, multi-sector assistance has been provided in the refugee camps. The assistance included basic and supplementary food to meet the standard of 2,100 kcal/person/day, provision of cooking and lighting fuel, sanitary cloth for women of reproductive age, laundry soap, distribution of at least 20 litres of water per day/person, supply of water containers, repair/maintenance of shelter and latrines, health care (including reproductive) and prevention of HIV/AIDS/STI in camps as well providing formal education to some 32,000 refugee students.
UNHCR minimum standards of assistance continue to be met, with the exception of the allocation of living space in the camps. Overcrowding due to natural population growth is a long-standing problem which may however be addressed by the departure of the significant number of refugees for resettlement. The problem and its security implications were highlighted in early March by a fire in Goldhap camp which destroyed approximately 1,300 huts. The refugees have been provided with immediate relief and support to reconstruct their huts.
The camps continued to be administered by the Government of Nepal through the National Unit for the Coordination of Refugee Affairs, (NUCRA), an agency within the Ministry of Home Affairs, with extensive support from UNHCR, WFP and NGO partners. However, the camps are managed to a large extent by the beneficiaries themselves under the technical supervision and with the financial, logistics and administrative support provided by the various aid agencies involved.
UNHCR continued to provide protection and assistance to the new Tibetan arrivals and approximately 20,000 Tibetan refugees in Nepal. UNHCR provided assistance to the new Tibetan arrivals in transit in Nepal at the Tibetan Reception Centre (TRC). This assistance included accommodation, health, nutrition, sanitation and transportation for their onward journey to a third country. However, since mid-March, there have been no new arrivals and by early June there were no Tibetans at the TRC. The Tibetan refugees who arrived before 1990 in Nepal have, to a large extent, integrated locally and hence UNHCR has not been involved in providing material assistance to this population.
UNHCR Nepal has been providing protection and assistance for some 300 individual mandate refugees and asylum-seekers of various nationalities who reside in Kathmandu (generally referred to as the urban group). UNHCR assesses their individual asylum claims, and through an implementing partner, provides financial assistance to meet their basic needs while in Nepal. Since March 2007, as requested by the Government, UNHCR has temporarily suspended the issuance of any documentation related to the registration and the status determination for this group. It is expected that talks to agree upon a joint approach to this issue will be resumed as soon as the new Government is formed.
Participatory assessments, carried out by multi-functional teams comprised of UNHCR and partners, were conducted in early 2008 with diverse groups of refugees. The findings, drawn from the consultation exercise and complemented by results from other assessments as well as field monitoring visits, provided the basis for operational planning in 2008.
3.2.VIII NATURAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSENepal suffers from floods, landslides, droughts, epidemics, and avalanches causing enormous damage and loss of life. According to estimates by the Ministry of Home Affairs, the 2007 floods and landslides directly affected 70,000 families in 47 districts (over 60% of the country), leaving 185 dead, 16,000 families displaced, 19,000 houses completely destroyed, 29,000 houses partially damaged (total loss estimated at $3.6 million) and more than 130,000 hectares of arable land inundated and sand-casted in the Terai. This caused further food insecurity to already vulnerable groups.
The humanitarian response is improving; however serious logistical challenges remain, complicated by inadequate information management. The need for better preparedness and response is a constant consideration. Nepal is ranked as the 11 th most vulnerable country to earthquakes, with Kathmandu as the worst “at risk” city in terms of potential deaths (A 7.5 magnitude earthquake would leave 40,000 people dead.)13 As experts say, a major earthquake is “overdue”.
13 The numbers are based on a loss estimation study conducted by the National Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET) and Geo Hazards International in 1999.
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Photo Credit - OCHA/Marcus Brand
Over the past year, the Government of Nepal with support from OCHA, UNDP and other IASC partners worked to improve disaster readiness, from risk reduction to response preparedness. Positive outcomes include: Preparation of a draft National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management (NSDRM) in Nepal based
on the Hyogo Framework of Action for consideration by the Government. In the NSDRM, the government aligns its response coordination with the IASC cluster approach;
Development of an IASC contingency plan using the cluster approach, addressing major earthquake, floods, and civil unrest scenarios, in accordance with revised IASC guidance (November 2007), including designation of cluster leads;
Signing an expedited customs agreement between the United Nations and the Government, and development of an action plan for its implementation;
Conducting national and regional workshops on monsoon related disasters and district level flood preparedness workshops in support of local authorities;
Development of an initial rapid assessment tool to provide all humanitarian actors with an immediate, multi-sector overview of conditions and needs in disaster affected areas.
However, political issues have distracted from strengthening disaster preparedness. Much needs to be done to strengthen disaster readiness. One of the priorities for 2008 has been to establish an Emergency Operations Centre, identified as a priority action in the NSDRM, and initial partial funding was secured. The centre will also be a focal point for planning responses and organising simulation exercises.
Typical of disasters, the first response is local, therefore the capacities of local agencies also need to be strengthened, in particular, information management, including data preparedness, and early warning.
The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid. Despite the clear value in investment in preparedness in proportion to response, this is one of the least funded sectors in the 2008 Appeal.
3.2.IX COORDINATIONDespite positive change in the political context, chronic vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs endure. Limited state presence, at the VDC level and volatile law and order situations continue to hamper the delivery of basic services. The impact of rising food and fuel crises needs careful monitoring.
Disaster risk reduction and response preparedness remain a priority. There is a continuing need to coordinate early warning information, contingency planning and response actions.
In 2008, on behalf of the Humanitarian Coordinator, OCHA has facilitated the IASC contingency planning processes. OCHA continues to monitor emerging humanitarian needs and trends through its field offices as well as provide support to the government, regional and district structures, and IASC members on disaster preparedness, risk reduction and response initiatives.
OCHA is the secretariat for the IASC Disaster Management Team, which along with OCHA’s field presence, has made considerable progress in supporting local authorities preparedness for floods, and on standby arrangements during crises situations. OCHA has prepared a flood toolkit and helped facilitate district-level flood preparedness workshops.
Monitoring and analysis of humanitarian indicators has also been done through a joint OCHA-WFP-UNMIN project, supported by the UNPFN. OCHA continues to provide mapping services, including on security trends and the monitoring of violations of basic operating guidelines (BOGs) violations.
In order to improve the IASC’s understanding and strengthen the analysis and presentation of humanitarian needs and priorities for response, OCHA has taken the lead in compiling an IASC Needs Analysis Framework, which aims to provide a clear picture of urgent needs and priorities for the humanitarian community as well as provide a reference source for aid workers. A summary of the
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Analysis Framework was presented to the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) MYR workshop as part of the elaboration of this document.
As part of its mandate to ensure predictable and needs based humanitarian financing system, OCHA helped mobilise resources in 2008; $6 million for seven UN agencies and an I/NGO through the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) as well as $50,000 as an emergency grant for in-country purchase of supplies in response to a fire in a refugee camp. OCHA plans to set up an emergency response fund to assist displaced, vulnerable and marginalised populations.
The strategic objectives as outlined in the beginning of 2008 are still valid.
4. CONCLUSION
Multiple vulnerabilities due to food and fuel shortages, lack of access to clean water and sanitation/health services, crop failure, natural hazards, unemployment, discrimination, gender based violence, and criminality continue to affect majority of the Nepali population. The humanitarian imperative is to reach out to the most vulnerable with emergency relief, to ensure that state services reach the most vulnerable, to prevent moderately vulnerable groups from sliding below emergency thresholds, and to mitigate risks from disaster and conflict. Without concerted humanitarian action and donor support, the gains made in 2008 will not be sustained, resulting in an increase in the humanitarian caseload for 2009. In June 2008, some eight million people are potentially food insecure and 70,000 acutely malnourished children are at risk of dying.
In order to achieve the priorities of the appeal, significant support needs to be provided in the domains of emergency preparedness and response capacity. Cluster coordination also needs to be strengthened. Funding support for I/NGOs needs to be enhanced.
2008 is a critical juncture in the peace process and there is a need to provide complementary assistance in all areas that will support the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The Government is expected to organise the Nepal Development Forum, the primary government-organised forum for development coordination, in late 2008. In the meantime, UNMIN’s mandate is ending in July 2008. While the Secretary-General is awaiting a request from the government to see what kind of assistance, if any, the government may ask the UN to contribute, the Nepal Government, donors and the UN have agreed to prepare a peace and development framework to ensure a smooth transition. Thus, any inter-agency humanitarian appealing mechanism for 2009 would require a strong, logical inter-linkage with the government’s plans, the peace and development framework as well as with the existing peace financing instruments.
A strategic planning review and donor consultation with more than 30 participating organisations from the UN, NGOs, the ICRC movement and donors was held in Kathmandu in May to look ahead at potential humanitarian assistance strategies for 2009 and beyond. The general consensus emerging from this consultation was the need to continue humanitarian action into 2009, while strengthening linkages with peace-building and development strategies. Equally importantly, the 2009 strategy should also place a high premium on disaster preparedness and operational readiness. A priority is to reduce vulnerability and future caseloads by placing a strong emphasis on building the capacity national partners, and mobilising and engaging development actors to play their role in reducing risk and therefore, tomorrow’s potential humanitarian caseload.
Nepal’s most vulnerable communities are counting on seeing the peace bring tangible improvements in their lives.
5. NEW AND REVISED PROJECTSTHEMATIC AREA: EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONAppealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP)
Project TitleSurveillance and programme targeting for post conflict recovery operations - PRRO 10676.0 (Second Phase)
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Project Code NEP-08/CSS18 (new)Sector Coordination and Support ServicesPartners OCHA, United Nations Mission in Nepal, UNCTProject Duration January – December 2008Total Project Budget $899,484Funds Requested $501,331
Need AnalysisIn the first half of 2008, the field surveillance system provided services to UNMIN, principally in terms of direct support in the field and data/information collection. Information on the impact of the conflict in remote communities, presence of VDC government bodies, land alienation, public security and awareness of the Constituent Assembly election has been collected by the team of field monitors. The direct benefit to UNMIN included a strengthened position to support efforts to build an environment of trust and to promote the free exercise of civil and political rights, improved liaison with civilian authorities and communities and input on political and civil matters. The field surveillance also assisted the UN Country Team (UNCT) in better targeting appropriate interventions to support the peace process.
Deliverables to date include periodic food security bulletins, a conflict impact report, field monitoring bulletins, crop situation updates, market watch and emergency updates, sector specific studies, food security bulletins, food needs and crop assessments, early warning information and a series of thematic and targeting maps (i.e set of sub-district level poverty and malnutrition maps, electoral maps, operational space). Further, primary data has been made available to UN agencies and donors for further utilisation and analysis.
The aim of this project is to utilise WFP/OCHA’s existing capacity for food security and peace monitoring, and to improve the government’s capacity in the area of crop monitoring, early warning, nutrition, and market information. Given the adaptability of the field surveillance system, data collection services and analysis may be expanded to include data support for other UNCT programmes. WFP field monitors currently cover 42 districts. Both coverage and thematic areas can be expanded based upon need and availability of funds (proposed budget allows for an increase to more than 50 districts). WFP collaborates with OCHA’s Information Management Unit in providing supervision of the field surveillance team, technical guidance to produce and disseminate information products.
Objectives Improve the effectiveness of the UNCT peace support activities by providing grass roots level data and
analysis across multiple communities in Nepal; Utilise WFP field monitor relationships and grassroots-level data collection to augment OCHA’s
information management capacity to generate Geographic Information System (GIS) and cartographic products that support decision-making for peace support activities;
Strengthen existing government information systems (price and market information system, crop situation monitoring, and nutrition surveillance).
OutcomesThe overall outcome is to provide real-time information on conflict vulnerability factors, food security, nutrition and livelihoods in a minimum of 40 districts in Nepal. Analysis will be provided through the following: scheduled bulletins and updates; thematic and targeting maps; white papers; programme performance reports; data for emergency preparedness; and early warning information.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 306,394Implementing costs/operating costs 593,090Total project costs 899,484Funds Requested 501,331
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Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP)Project Title Food assistance for conflict-affected populations in Nepal (PRRO 10676.0)Project Code NEP-08/F01 (revised)Sector FoodObjective To safeguard lives and livelihoods and contribute to peace and stability in Nepal
by strengthening livelihoods and promoting self-reliance among food-insecure, conflict-affected populations
Beneficiaries 1,265,600 personsPartners Ministry of Local Development (MLD), MoPR, Development Project Service
Centre (DEPROSC), Support Activities for Poor Producers of Nepal (SAPPROS), Forum for Protection of the Public Interest (ProPublic), German Technical Agency, the Mountain Institute, Save the Children United States (SC-US), Helvetas, UNICEF
Project Duration January – December 2008Funds Requested $34,958,056
Needs AnalysisDespite substantial progress made since the signing of the 2006 Comprehensive Peace Agreement – including Constituent Assembly elections conducted on 10 April 2008 – the situation in Nepal remains fragile. Many of the socio-economic causes of the recent 11-year conflict remain unaddressed, with communities yet to see social and economic benefits of peace.
More than ten million people in Nepal are undernourished. Some 49% of children under five are stunted – one of the highest rates in the world. Food insecurity remains pervasive throughout much of the country, particularly in drought-prone and conflict-affected zones of the Mid- and Far-West regions of Nepal. Recent increases in food prices (by as much as 40% for basic commodities) have further eroded the limited purchasing power of Nepal’s poor, who total some eight million people.
A severe resource shortfall has delayed implementation of some activities under this project. Rising food prices have also increased the time needed to procure and deliver food creating additional delays. As a result, this project has been extended by six months until December 2008 to allow for full implementation of planned activities. The total funds requested for 2008 has decreased due to contributions received late in 2007 after publication of the original Appeal.
Activities Under the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (PRRO), WFP will provide emergency food
assistance to 1,265,600 conflict-affected people. Many of the communities targeted have experienced multiple emergencies – both conflict and recurrent natural disasters – which have left them extremely vulnerable to food insecurity and in need of immediate food support;
Special emphasis is placed on targeting marginalised and vulnerable groups including women, children, ethnic minorities and indigenous populations;
The majority of food assistance will be provided through food for work/training (FFW/T). Priority areas for action are critical infrastructure and return and reintegration. Non-formal education will be provided to complement these two components;
Rural infrastructure and community assets created under FFW activities will focus on reducing vulnerability to external shocks and contributing to the restoration of livelihoods;
The 2008 shortfall for this project is $25 million. Without additional resources, over 700,000 people will not receive assistance to meet their immediate food needs.
OutcomesThe outcome of this action is to safeguard the lives and livelihoods of vulnerable populations and contribute to the peace process by promoting activities that will restore self-reliance among food-insecure, conflict-affected people.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
WFP Direct Costs 32,510,992WFP Indirect Costs 2,447,064Funds Requested 34,958,056
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THEMATIC AREA: PROTECTION (INCLUDING CHILD PROTECTION) Appealing Agency INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC)Project Title Community relief and peace building in KapilvastuProject Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL02 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries Approximately 250 individual households directly and 10,000 community
members in nine conflict-affected VDCs indirectly. Krishnanagar, Patthardaiya, Bishnupur, Ganeshpur, Birpur, Bahadurgunj, Khurhuriya, Guguli and Manpur
Partners To be determinedProject Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $490,000Funds Requested $245,000 (June – December 2008)
NeedsThe death of a local leader in Kapilvastu in 2007 was followed by violence that took on ethnic and religious dimensions. Curfews were imposed and many people were either rendered homeless or fled their homes for fear of being killed. Displaced people generally congregated in various sites (police posts, schools) that became makeshift IDP camps with security provided by the Nepal APF and many camps organised internally by members of the Youth Communist League (YCL), a Maoist-affiliated group.14 In coordination with the local government and humanitarian agencies, IRC provided emergency health care services and conducted rapid assessments in IDP camps and areas of return. Based on assessment findings, there is an immediate need for activities that promote reconciliation, tolerance and social cohesion. The communities’ perception of the government and security forces is poor as most feel that they did not provide adequate protection and security during the violence. One group that has been particularly marginalised and remains quite vulnerable is youth. Through the collective design and implementation of quick impact projects (QIPs) in areas of return, local communities with clear youth representation could actively participate in the rebuilding process to support peace and tolerance.
ObjectiveTo promote peace, tolerance and social cohesion in communities torn by violence.
Activities Provide emergency relief supplies to support the return of affected families (e.g. non-food items
(NFI), economic or livelihood support) coordinated with government and other agencies; Support community working groups (CWG) in affected areas through training and development and
promotion of youth being involved in the community working groups; Assist and support CWGs in the design and implementation of QIPs in areas affected by the
violence; Support peace building and human rights training for youth and community leaders in areas of
return; Provide emergency service to support the most vulnerable in areas prone to natural
disaster/conflict.
Outcomes Increased ability of mixed ethnic groups to come together to discuss common community needs
and priorities; Increased ability of youth to undertake peace building initiatives in the community to promote peace
and tolerance; Implementation of joint community QIPs; Return support provided to returning families (e.g. NFI or livelihood support); Immediate health and protection services provided to most vulnerable in event of emergency.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Programme costs 196,000Operating costs 49,000Funds Requested 245,000
14 IRC health assessment report 25-28 September 2007.
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Appealing Agency INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC)Project Title Training on IASC Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Initiatives in
Humanitarian Settings Project Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL03 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries 500 Governments, NGO and civil society members and survivors of GBV
in five districts of Mid-Western Region of Nepal - Bardiya, Dailekh, Jajarkot, Dang and Surkhet
Partners Saathi, Women for Human RightsProject Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $350,000Funds Requested $175,000 (June – December 2008)
Needs Natural and man-made disasters pose immediate risks to entire populations. GBV is especially problematic in the context of complex emergencies and natural disasters. Civilian women and children are often targets for abuse and are the most vulnerable to exploitation and violence, simply because of their gender, age and status in society15. During and after the emergency phase, special measures should be taken by civil society and law enforcement to protect women and children against abuses such as domestic violence, sexual exploitation, forced prostitution and forced labour. The IRC is currently undertaking a GBV assessment with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in Surkhet and Dang districts and has also recently completed a GBV situational analysis of 11 VDCs in Bardiya (Rajapur delta). IRC will work closely with UNFPA to coordinate programmatic activities to ensure complementarily.
ObjectiveIncreased understanding of government authorities, civil society and the international community at the national and regional levels on the prevention and response to gender-based violence in emergencies, including clinical management of survivors.
ActivitiesIn coordination with and through local partners: Conduct Training of Trainers (ToT) with select government, civil society and the international
community members on emergency preparedness and prevention of GBV; Provide practical, on-the-job training of government authorities and health service providers in
standard clinical response to GBV survivors, with a follow-up ToT session; Assist local government and local NGOs to develop referral networks to provide systematic and
holistic responses to survivors, using a phased approach, prioritising health and psycho-social responses to the affected children and women;
Develop a memorandum of understanding between agencies and Government regarding the referral process for GBV survivors in a sensitive manner;
Provide intensive training of government law enforcement agencies on prevention of and response to GBV;
Provide immediate assistance via the IASC guidelines to government, local and international NGOs, and United Nations agencies in the event of an emergency during the life of the project.
Outcomes Increased ability of Government actors and the NGO community to take preventive action against
abuse and exploitation of women and children in emergencies; Increased ability of government authorities and health service providers to provide care to survivors
of GBV and improved coordination among agencies through established referral networks.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Programme costs 140,000Operating costs 35,000Funds Requested 175,000
15 Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Initiatives in Humanitarian Settings Focusing on Prevention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies 2005.
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Appealing Agency SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE (SCA: SC US, SC NORWAY, SC JAPAN)
Project Title Tracking vulnerable children Project Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL07 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of Law
Beneficiaries
Children at risk such as associated with armed groups, abducted, orphans, children with HIV/AIDS, differently abled, detained, abandoned, trafficked children, child labourers in eight districts
Partners Local NGOs, Local Government Project Duration June 2008 – May 2009Funds Requested $500,000
Needs Nepal lacks a functioning child protection system. And there is insufficient information on the nature and number of children exposed to various threats. This weakness has led to thousands of children suffering great abuses, including but not limited to forced abduction, displacement, separation, forced to child labour, as well as being associated with armed groups. More than 16,000 children were associated with armed groups and forces in the recently ended armed conflict. More than 48,000 children are from families affected by HIV/AIDS. In the years to come, this will leave many children without one or both parents. A 2006 study highlighted the fact that the violations of children’s rights during conflict have to be viewed in the context of the state’s failure to promote child rights in the communities. SC is strongly lobbying and working with the Government to create a national child protection system that is resourced and caters to at-risk children at the grassroots level. There is no village level or central level database system that brings together information on children and youth who are vulnerable to various threats, and this hinders an effective response. The establishment of a strong database would be a groundbreaking initiative in reducing such vulnerabilities. SC will document information for each village in close cooperation with the local government authority, and link with district and central level Government. This will help activate the existing village level vital registration system which has been established by the Government to record vital data but has been functioning poorly. Local child protection committees (CPCs), already established in more than 300 villages, will be mobilised to monitor the movement of vulnerable groups, and document child rights' violations, which they will channel to rights monitoring agencies, both national and international (e.g. NHRC, 1612 Resolution). SC is an active member of both the national task force on Resolution 1612, and the national CAAFAG Working Group. SC has successfully piloted use of the EU supported child protection database in Nepal. The database, currently focusing on armed conflict, will be expanded to include other vulnerable children. SC is hence proposing to create a tracking system for vulnerable children. Objectives To establish a robust tracking system for vulnerable children for effective response.
Activities Establishment of a robust tracking system of vulnerable children, including community mapping and
creation of child protection database; Referral of identified children and their families to social programmes; Direct support to identified vulnerable children where referral is not possible (e.g. education); Strengthen the capacity of local Government and civil society, local communities including CPCs to
track, monitor, document and respond to child rights violations; Support the Government to establish national child protection system, including the database; Community sensitisation and awareness on child rights violations and child protection.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 100,000Implementing costs or Operating costs 450,000Total Project Costs 550,000Minus available resources 50,000Funds Requested 500,000
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Appealing Agency SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE (SCA)Project Title Protecting children in schools in conflict affected communities through
peace education and school as zone of peace programmeProject Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL08 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawObjective Promote peace for the better protection of students and children in
schools and communities of conflict affected areasBeneficiaries School children: 50,000Partners District Education Offices, NGOs, and CBOsProject Duration January – December 2008Total Project Budget $126,000Funds Requested $107,500
Needs The conflict which lasted more than a decade has severely affected the country’s socio-economic and education condition and disrupted social harmony in schools as well as in communities. In addition, current communal and ethnic violence, mainly in the Terai region, is compounding the problem. As a result, many children are unsafe and need protection in schools as well as in their communities.
To protect children in schools there is a need to implement peace education programmes and school as zone of peace by which the student and community people will foster the culture of peace and non- violence.
This project will build upon SC Alliance’s experience in the impacted districts with possible expansion to the districts that are most conflict-affected.
Activities Implementation of peace education programme in schools; Implementation of School as Zone of Peace interventions in schools.
Outcomes 500 schools implement peace education programmes; 500 schools implement School as Zone of Peace programmes.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 40,000Implementing costs 86,000Total Project Budget 126,000Minus available resources 18,500Funds Requested 107,500
31
Appealing Agency UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF)
Project TitleStrengthening and expanding the monitoring and reporting mechanism on child rights violations in armed and post conflict
Project Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL10 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries All children under 18 in 75 districtsPartners I/NGOs, human rights organisations, and OHCHR Project Duration Six monthsFunds Requested $161,300
Needs The peace accord signed by the Government of Nepal and the CPN-Maoist declared a formal end to the ten-year conflict and resulted in a significant decrease in child rights violations in 2007. Nevertheless, Nepal still has a mandatory obligation to report on child rights violations under the UNSC Resolution 1612. Currently in a post-conflict transition phase, Nepal is witnessing the emergence of new armed groups allegedly committing child rights violations.
The formation of the Resolution 1612 National Task Force (NTF) in 2005, mandated to monitor and report on child rights violations in conflict, provided a platform to establish a comprehensive and effective monitoring mechanism. The latter was developed in close collaboration between UN agencies (UNICEF, OHCHR, UNHCR, OCHA), national and international NGOs. Resolution 1612 NTF has been documenting cases related to six grave violations listed in the UN Security Council Resolution 1612.
Year Recruitment cases
Individual Abductions
Group Abductions
Attacks on schools
Sexual violence Killing Maiming Total
2005 193 86 59 164 1 11 6 5202006 1,000 118 50 191 7 18 31 1,415
Jan-Sept 07
26 5 4 48 2 1 35 121
Total 1,219 209 113 403 10 30 72 2,056
This proposal aims to strengthen this monitoring and reporting mechanism in the post conflict setting in order to continue to document child rights violations and to establish an effective referral mechanism for victims.
Objectives To strengthen and expand the existing monitoring and reporting mechanism as per the UNSCR 1612; To establish an effective referral mechanism for victims.
Activities Provide capacity building of NTF members and their networks through training and technical support; Develop strategies for effective referral mechanisms to provide support to victims; Establish regional task forces on monitoring and reporting child rights violations in five regions; Conduct regular risk assessments to gauge the security environment for child rights’ monitors,
informants, families and other concerned staff who report on rights violations against children; Enhance and maintain the existing database, and produce reports with OHCHR.16
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs (National) 25,000Support to the members of the Task Force and related activities 125,000Indirect programme cost * 11,300Total project costs 161,300Funds Requested 161,300
*The actual recovery rate on individual contributions will be calculated in accordance with the most recent Executive Board decision in this respect.
16 Fortnightly and annual country reports as per the requirements of the 1612 Working Group in the UN Security Council. UNICEF and OHCHR are the co-chairs of the Resolution 1612 National Task Force.
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Appealing Agency UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND (UNICEF)Project Title Child protection cluster emergency preparedness and responseProject Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL20 (new)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries Women and children of Nepal (particularly those from emergency prone
districts), Government of Nepal (CCWB), children involved and/or exploited in political activities
Objectives To enhance UNICEF and cluster partners preparedness and response capacity to child protection in emergencies
Partners Child Protection Cluster members, WDO, CAAFAG Working Group, 1612 Taskforce, local NGOs/CBOs
Project Duration Six monthsFunds Requested $230,000
Needs At the global level, UNICEF is the child protection sub-cluster leader within the protection cluster. At the country level, UNICEF Nepal formally committed to implement cluster leadership on child protection in four pre-determined scenarios in June 200717. Child protection has been largely overlooked in emergency response in Nepal despite the predictability of seasonal flooding and landslides that displace and affect thousands of Nepalese every year. The critical incident demonstrating the urgent need for improved emergency preparedness and response was identified in September 2007, where UNICEF Child Protection provided psychosocial support services to those affected by the riots in Kapilvastu. The child protection team identified an alarming lack of coordination and consideration for child protection concerns in the emergency response. UNICEF has significantly improved cluster coordination at the national level through capacity mapping of agencies, identifying commonly agreed standards and finalisation of a cluster contingency plan. However, significant resources are required to improve the capacity of the cluster and key stakeholders to effectively prepare for and respond to child protection issues.
Objectives To improve cluster preparedness and response capacity to child protection issues in emergencies including coordination and psychosocial support; and to ensure effective response to the current child protection concerns such as the misuse of children in political activities and seasonal flooding and landslides.
Activities Enhance understanding and response to child protection needs in emergencies through training of
trainers for national cluster members and regional/district level partners; Enhance election emergency response mechanism to provide essential services to children and
youth in need of special protection from both conflict and natural disaster emergencies (including legal, medical, psychosocial and other necessary assistance);
Implementation of IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency settings;
Procure and preposition child protection emergency supplies for seasonal flooding and landslides.
Outcomes Capacity of cluster and key stakeholders developed to address child protection needs in emergency
response in Nepal and essential child protection supplies prepositioned.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY $Capacity building including training and implementation of IASC guidelines 90,000Supplies (blankets, clothing, materials for child friendly spaces) 80,000Coordination 60,000Funds Requested 230,000
17 Major earthquake centred on the Kathmandu valley, localised earthquake, floods and political events causing a humanitarian crisis.
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Appealing Agency UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN (UNIFEM)Project Title Preventing sexual and gender based violence Project Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL21 (new)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawObjectives Contribute to creation of a society free of SGBV through protection,
promotion and fulfilment of women's human rightsBeneficiaries Conflict-affected women and girls, and their families in Kailali, Dang,
Rautahat, Makwanpur and Sindhupalchowk districtsPartners Government agencies, local bodies, civil society, media, & private sectorProject Duration May - December 2008Total Fund Requested: $1,000,000
Needs A recent study by UNIFEM/Nepal indicated that the armed conflict in Nepal has resulted in increased SGBV, prostitution, trafficking, vulnerability to HIV/AIDS; increased out-migration; psychological impact affecting their physical and mental well-being; increase in single-womanhood; etc. While robust data is not generally available, reports and incidences have affirmed that Nepal experiences a very high rate of SGBV. This situation is further aggravated owing to deficiencies in policy and legal frameworks and their lack of implementation, as well as lacking gender responsive justice and service delivery mechanisms. UNIFEM/Nepal has been engaged in gender mainstreaming and enhancing women's agency in post-conflict peace and reconciliation process by advocating and implementation of UNSCR 1325. The proposed project will complement on-going post-conflict activities of UNIFEM/Nepal.
Objectives Create enabling environment for women's meaningful engagement in peace and rebuilding processes
at the community, district and national levels; Enhance women's capacities at the community level to prevent SGBV and respond to the needs of
survivors in post-conflict environments; Improve institutional capacities of service providers at local level to prevent and respond to SGBV.
ActivitiesComponent 1 Advocacy: Advocacy for proportional representation of women in peace and reconciliation councils/committees at all levels; advocacy to establish gender focal unit within the MoPR; and gender sensitisation of the officials of MoPR and the Ministry of Home, and Peace and Reconciliation council/committee;Component 2: Capacity Building of Conflict-Affected Women and Girls: Key civic education and awareness campaigns focusing on women's human rights, gender equality in peace processes, and combating SGBV; training for conflict-affected women on gender responsive negotiation, analysis and communication skills; training for community activists on SGBV prevention and response, psycho-social support and mediation; development of local resource base for psycho-social support, paralegal and referral services for the victims of SGBV; and support to income generating activities for conflict affected women;Component 3: Capacity Building of Service Providers: Key activities include training to judiciary for gender responsive justice delivery, and to police personnel on handling SGBV cases, including developing training modules and implementing SGBV Prevention and Response Performance Audits; capacity building of Truth and Reconciliation Commission on promoting women’s human rights and gender equality; and capacity building of local government bodies on promoting women’s human rights and gender responsive policies and programmes.
OutcomesIncreased participation of women in conflict resolution and peace and rebuilding processes; women's concerns and priorities reflected in peace process outcome documents; improved protection mechanisms for women in distress; reduced tolerance levels of SGBV; improved institutional capacity of service providers at local level to prevent and respond to SGBV; and reduced incidence and increased reporting of SGBV.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 80,000Programme activities cost 840,000Administrative cost 80,000
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Funds Requested 1,000,000THEMATIC AREA: Children Affected by Armed ConflictAppealing Agency INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC)Project Title Assistance to conflict affected children and youth Project Code NEP-08/HR/RL12 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries 400 conflict affected children and youth; 100 schools; 100 child/youth clubs in
ten districts - Bardiya, Dailekh, Jajarkot, Jumla, Surkhet in the Mid West Region and Jhapa, Ilam, Panchthar, Taplejung and Tehrathum in the East Region
Objective Contribute to durable peace in Nepal by creating a more protective environment and greater livelihoods and educational opportunities for conflict affected children and youth
Partners Peace Action GroupProject Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $500,000Funds Requested $250,000
Needs The decade long conflict in Nepal has had devastating effects on Nepalese society by weakening community mechanisms that traditionally protect and ensure the well-being of children and youth. Children and youth have been affected in various ways including being displaced, or recruited into the various armed forces. Many young people have had their schooling and lives disrupted. Although the armed conflict has ended, children and youth continue to be at risk of being manipulated and re-recruited into violent activities by the numerous agitating political groups that threaten the fragile peace of the country. As the peace process moves forward, there is a need to both strengthen the community-based protection mechanisms for children and youth and to provide greater livelihood and educational opportunities.
By working through local partners and using a multi-pronged approach, the programme will build the capacity of community and youth/child clubs to create a more protective environment and provide greater livelihoods and educational opportunities for conflict affected children and youth in the Mid Western and Eastern regions of Nepal. While providing support to individual conflict affected children and youth, IRC will also work with existing community groups to do quick impact projects based on action plans that promote child and youth protection and peace building in their community. In order to improve the overall school environment, IRC will provide teacher training through the “Healing Classrooms” initiative. IRC is a member of the CAAFAG and is the lead CAAFAG agency in the districts mentioned above.
Key Activities Provide teacher training through the “Healing Classrooms” Initiative; Facilitate community-led QIPs focused on child and youth protection and peace building; Provide education and income generation reintegration support for conflict affected children and
youth; Support community groups that integrate conflict affected children and youth (i.e. schools; agriculture,
animal husbandry, savings/credit groups; apprenticeships); Provide tracing/reunification and interim care services; Conduct community sensitisation and mediation to foster acceptance of returning children and youth; Advocate to all relevant stake-holders to end child and youth recruitment into violent activities and
promote human rights.
Outcomes 100 schools supported with teacher training; 400 conflict affected children and youth supported with educational and livelihoods opportunities; 100 child/youth clubs mobilised to create action plans and implement QIPs.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Programme costs 200,000Operating costs 50,000Funds Requested 250,000
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Appealing Agency SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE (SC US, SC NORWAY, SC JAPAN)
Project TitleReintegration of children associated with armed forces and armed groups and other vulnerable children
Project Cod NEP-08/P/HR/RL14 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries 10,000 former children associated with armed forces and armed groups and
children at risk/ affected by armed conflict; girls with special needs; and communities of ten districts (in coordination with CAAFAG Working Group/UNICEF)
Partners SCA and local NGOsProject Duration June 2008 – May 2009Funds Requested $488,925
Needs One year after the signing of the Peace Accord 2,973 Maoist Army members who have been verified to be under 18 years of age at the time of the ceasefire by the UNMIN still remain in cantonment sites. SC has also found that thousands of children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are already residing in communities, many without vital social services and protection. There is clear evidence that children have been used by different groups in Nepal in the recently ended armed conflict as combatants, informers, cooks, porters, cultural troops and a range of other harmful activities. These children need urgent attention and support to grow up in caring and enabling environments. Since 2006 SC has been reintegrating more than 8,000 children affected by armed conflict including those informally released, within a framework of broad community based reintegration which benefits other vulnerable children and community members. According to our database 40.4% of the children belong to Barhman/Chhetri caste, followed by Janajati (33%) and Dalit (26.5%). 89% of children associated with armed forces and armed groups in the database are 15-18 years old while 10% are 12-14 years old. All the registered children were informally released, with a majority having escaped. The SC will expand this support in 2008/09 to assist a total of 10,000 children. A recent evaluation by UNICEF noted that the programme is innovative and catalytic by directly addressing the realities of children's association with the CPN-MAOIST without importing models. The report praises the programme for adapting to the changing political situation, and setting an example of best practice in terms of community based reintegration. This proposal builds on previous programmes. Key lessons learnt from these programmes such as importance of frequent follow up visits, especially for those with protection concerns, using gender lens at all stages and combining various kinds of reintegration support as well as complementing livelihood support with sufficient technical assistance will be emphasised next year. With armed conflict ended the role of CPCs will be strengthened to look into these broader violations and not only on CAAFAG issues. SC will focus on reaching 'hard to reach' children, in particular those living in remote areas.
Objectives Move the peace process forward by ensuring reintegration of CAAFAG and children associated with
armed conflict as specified in the Peace Agreement and other agreements of the Seven Parties.
Activities Secure access to, release, tracing and reunification of former CAAFAG; Provide reintegration support to former CAAFAG and to children associated with armed conflict
(education, medical, psychosocial and income generation support); Promote social cohesion and community harmony among former CAAFAG, other vulnerable
children and communities through local peace building initiatives and normalisation activities; Sensitise and promote capacity of child clubs and communities for reconciliation; Capacity building of local CPCs, child clubs and other civil society groups.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 200,000Implementing costs or operating costs 800,000Total Project Costs 1,000,000Minus available resources 511,075Funds Requested 488,925
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THEMATIC AREA: Mine ActionAppealing Agency HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (HI)Project Title Mine and explosive remnants of war risk reductionProject Code NEP-08/MA01 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries Individuals and Communities affected by IEDs, mines and other ERWPartners Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC), members of the Mine Action
Working Group (MAWG) and other Mine Action stakeholders.Project Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $414,600Funds Requested $207,300
Needs More than 70 districts in all five development regions of Nepal were affected by contamination of IEDs, unexploded ordnances (UXOs) and mines since January 2006, with 26 districts for the first ten months of 2007. Since January 2006, at least 257 new civilian casualties from 132 unintentional, victim-activated explosions were reported by INSEC’s Surveillance System, with 88 casualties for the first ten months of 2007. More than half of the casualties were children. An estimated 90% of victim-activated explosions are caused by IEDs. The National Active Surveillance System established by INSEC in 2006 with support from HI maintains extensive overage and regular reporting (refer to http://www.inseconline.org), but still needs support and reinforcement to optimise usefulness, efficiency and broaden its outputs and impact. Various strengthening and reinforcement was achieved, however MRE coverage is still weak and needs to be reinforced alongside with explosive ordnance disposal currently undertaken by the Nepal Army with support from the United Nations (UNMIN and UNICEF).
Objectives Complete and build the local/national capacity to respond to IED/mine incidents through MRE,
assistance to victims and a surveillance system for victims in the five regions of Nepal; MRE services will be delivered to communities at risk and following incidents in an effective and
coordinated manner; Local mine action actors will be better equipped and coordinated to provide, in a timely manner, the
necessary information, assistance and support to victims of victim-activated explosions; Accurate and key data (e.g. on incidents, suspected areas) for direct actions (clearance, marking,
MRE, victim assistance) will be readily available to all stakeholders.
Activities Service Delivery Deliver MRE at the community level (direct/indirect), with appropriate MRE/communication tools;
provide assistance to victims (transport, follow-up, co-ordination for access to medical treatment); and file reports on incidents and suspected dangerous areas incidents with appropriate agencies.
Support to Local Mine Action Actors, Information and Coordination Train the MRR team, including regional focal points, in mine awareness and safety and conduct
MRE Training of Trainers. Provide follow up support and monitoring post training; Active support for better co-ordination between victim assistance agencies and services providers; Provide support, guidance and follow-up training to the INSEC surveillance system and team; Support local mine actors in the use of INSEC surveillance system and for transmission of information on incidents and suspected contaminated areas with appropriate agencies; Network and liaise with all MRE actors including victim assistance agencies, Mine Action Working Group (MAWG).
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Direct supports to beneficiaries and partners 70,500Staff costs 221,600Implementing costs or operating costs 91,900Total Project Direct Costs 384,000Indirect programme support cost 30,600Total Project Budget 414,600Funds Requested * 207,300
* This project was also flagged under the Mine Action Portfolio for Nepal.
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Appealing Agency NEPAL RED CROSS SOCIETY (NRCS)Project Title Programme on Mine Risk EducationProject Code NEP-08/MA02 (revised)Sector Mine ActionBeneficiaries Children, youths, communities in districts affected by IEDs, other explosive
remnants of war (ERW) and mines Partners NRCS, its districts and sub-branches, junior/youth Nepal Red Cross circlesProject Duration 12 monthsFunds Requested $75,500
Needs More than 70 districts are affected by contamination of IED, landmines and other ERW. There were over 250 new civilian casualties from victim-activated explosions in 2006-2007, as well as an outbreak of victim-activated explosion incidents in 2007 (90 new civilian casualties have been reported in 2007). IEDs are causing more than 90% of the victim-activated explosions. National ongoing surveillance systems were established with good coverage. MRE coverage is still weak in 2007 and explosive devices clearance mechanisms are too slow.
Strategic Objectives Raise awareness about the risks of IEDs, ERW and mines through sessions, trainings,
competitions and campaigns; Support and extend advocacy for victim assistance programmes; Enhance knowledge and skills through capacity building to maintain and promote the quality of the
programme. More specifically: the number of casualties and incidents caused by IEDs, ERW and mines in contaminated areas will decrease;
Empower staff and volunteers to effectively plan and implement programme activities; Establish coordination mechanisms at the regional and district levels.
Activities Train NRCS headquarters and district focal persons to implement mine risk education programmes
more effectively; Establish regional and district coordination mechanisms with necessary human resources; Provide supplies (office equipment, information technology and materials) to NRCS headquarters
and regional coordination offices; Organise regular meetings, orientations and interactions with stakeholders and other MAWG
members at the regional and district levels; Establish effective coordination between NRCS district chapters, and the regional and
headquarters levels; Conduct emergency mine risk education as needed; Distribute Mine Action Working Group information materials.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff (salary of mine action focal person at NRCS headquarters) 6,000 Staff (salary of five regional mine action coordinators) 25,000 Supplies (office equipment, information technology and materials) 40,000Programme costs for coordination, training, monitoring, supervision and evaluation 70,000Staff participation in training/workshops/seminars 10,000Total Project Budget 151,000Funds Requested * 75,500
* This project was also flagged under the Mine Action Portfolio for Nepal.
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Appealing Agency SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE (SCA: SC US, SC NORWAY, SC JAPAN)
Project Title Mine Risk Education Project Code NEP-08/MA03 (revised)Sector Mine ActionBeneficiaries 36,000 children of 1,200 child clubs and 4,500 youths of 300 youth clubs Partner Save the Children Alliance and its local Partners in Kailali, Kanchanpur,
Dadeldhura, Achham, Bajura, Rolpa, Rukum, Bardiya, Banke, Surkhet, Salyan, Pyuthan, Gulmi, Lamjung, Arghakhanchi, Tanahu, Palpa, Syangja, Baglung, Udayapur, Dhanusha, Siraha, Mahottari, Sindhupalchowk
Project Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $300,000Funds Requested $150,000
Needs The issues of de-mining and the removal of IEDs was not significantly addressed in the recently signed accord and arms management agreement and they continue to pose a serious threat to children and their families. INSEC and UNICEF data indicate that children aged 10–14 years especially are badly affected by IED explosions. Even after the ceasefire and signing of the peace agreement, children continue to be killed and injured. In order to reduce the risk of such accidents, children’s awareness needs to be raised so that they could save their lives and be powerful advocates in the effort to de-mine and provide victim assistance.
The SCA has worked with more than 3,000 child clubs and their networks in over 30 districts for almost a decade and these bodies are an effective forum for reaching and mobilising children. Accordingly, the SCA proposes to implement MRE programmes with child clubs in 24 districts. The project will provide MRE to children and youths in schools and in the community, and facilitate the development and implementation of advocacy plans by children on expanding MRE and in the identification and clearance of mines and IEDs, stockpile destruction and victim assistance. Children from different child clubs will come together at the national level to advocate to governmental and other actors on these issues. Moreover, SCA will create forums for dialogues with government to plan and implement de-mining working with government. Gender and SGBV considerations based on the IASC Guidelines will be incorporated. SCA is an active member of MRE working group formed at national level. This programme will be coordinated with that of Partnership Nepal to avoid overlap in geographical area.
Objectives Address the humanitarian risk and help bring normalcy to communities by reducing the casualties
due to landmines and IEDs; Advocate on MRE, identification, clearance/de-mining, stockpile destruction and victim assistance
at the local level and with national government.
Activities Develop and implement child/youth club’s advocacy plan on MRE, clearance and victim assistance
at the local level, targeting 36,000 children and 4,500 youths; National level interactions, workshops and dialogues for preparing a plan for de-mining by
government and implementing it; Conduct ToT on MRE to local resource persons and partners; Orient child/youth club members on the issue of mine and IED risks; Develop, produce, and reprint MRE materials.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Administration 60,000Implementing costs or operating costs 240,000Total Project Budget 300,000Funds Requested * 150,000
* This project was also flagged under the Mine Action Portfolio for Nepal.
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Appealing Agency UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF)Project Title Programme for mine risk education, advocacy, victim assistance and
surveillance Project Code NEP-08/MA04 (revised)Sector Mine ActionBeneficiaries All communities affected by IEDs, landmines and other ERWImplementing Partners National Mine Action Technical Committee (NMATC), MAWG Project Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $385,200Funds Requested for 2008 $73,000
Needs AnalysisBetween 2004 and May 2008, 543 civilian casualties from 243 victim-activated explosions were reported, 300 of these victims were children (55%). IEDs are causing more than 90% of the victim-activated explosions. National ongoing surveillance systems have been established with good coverage. MRE coverage is still weak in 2008, and the clearance of explosive devices is a slow process. Early 2008, a cluster survey was completed in 600 households (1,200 interviewees) of six districts particularly affected by victim-activated explosions. Results show that civilians, especially children are exposed to explosive devices, they are not aware of the threat, and they handle and play with such devices.
In January, the UNICEF-commissioned National Assessment on Rights, Care and Rehabilitation of Survivors of Explosive Devices identified the lack of a victim assistance policy and plan of action for Nepal, the lack of coordination in victim assistance and related fields, gaps in victim knowledge on available assistance service provision, and a general lack of comprehensive data as key concerns.
Strategic Objectives The project will seek to reduce the humanitarian and socioeconomic threats posed by IEDs,
landmines and other ERW, to the point where UNICEF assistance to the National Mine Action Authority (NMAA) will no longer be necessary;
It will raise awareness on these issues with the government, with a view to garnering support for the anti-personnel mine-ban convention and the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.
Activities Support the NMAA to design a mine action strategy and coordinate activities, in collaboration with
the UNMIN and the UNCT; Assist NMAA, the United Nations and NGOs in developing systems to assess explosive device
risks and needs; Advocate for the national Government to comply with legal instruments that protect civilians from
explosive devices; Contribute with NMAA and MAWG to the development and implementation of a national strategy
for victim assistance; Enhance the capacity of the Government, UN, NGOs and NRCS to meet emergency risk reduction
needs; Assist the NMATC and MAWG to develop new methodologies and tools to implement mine risk
education.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Capacity support to the NMAA 180,000Supplies/capital costs 60,000Programme costs 120,000Project support Costs 25,200Total Project Budget 385,200Minus available resources 312,200Funds Requested ** 73,000
*The actual recovery rate on individual contributions will be calculated in accordance with the most recent Executive Board decision in this respect.**This project was also flagged under the Mine Action Portfolio for Nepal.
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Appealing Agency PARTNERSHIP NEPALProject Title Community-based Mine Risk Education Campaign Project Code NEP-08/MA05 (new)Sector Mine ActionBeneficiaries Hilly Region: 100 child clubs and 25,000 community people from selected 24
VDCs of Kavre, Sindhupalchowk and Ramechaap districts, affected by IEDs, UXO and mines
Tarai Region: 60,000 Children, 40,000 community people in Sunsari, Saptari, Udayapur, Siraha, Dhanusa, and Mahottari affected by IEDs, UXO and mines
Partners Schools as Zone of Peace (SZoP), district partners and school familiesProject Duration July – December 2008Funds Requested $94,720
Needs The victim surveillance system in Nepal reveals that children are often found in at-risk situations with mines and other explosives because of their curious attitude and lack of knowledge. Moreover, community people are also found in at risk situations because they lack knowledge to identify the explosives. Similarly, mine action workers are found mostly confused when media reports on mines/explosives because the news are always covered by using the same terminologies 'mine' (barudi surung) even for IEDs.
During ten years of conflict, cross-fires took place in various parts of the country. Many battles took place in the remote side/jungle areas, where only the rural people have access for their daily work. When the conflict was over, those areas have not been prioritised for humanitarian clearance. This community based mine risk education programme aims to map out the battle area during the conflict in targeted districts and conduct MRE on those areas. Secondly, the programme aims to aware the Terai community about safer behaviour regarding mine/explosives. Thirdly, the programme will conduct intensive discussions with the journalists to draw the terminological uniformity while reporting the news related to mines.
Objectives To train and prepare focal district persons to coordinate the District Mine Risk Education Group and
implement mine risk education activities; To promote safer behaviour among communities though conducting awareness raising activities, e.g.
trainings, group discussions, community mobilisation, and folk-song and street drama competitions; To institute MRE activities in a sustainable way amongst the % of GOs/NGOs/CBOs/Youth Clubs,
educational institutions, etc.
Activities ToT on MRE to district focal persons (in support of UNICEF); Discussion with media people to create terminological uniformity while reporting mine action news; District level consultations on MRE in each targeted district; VDC/local level training on MRE; Folk Song (e.g. Tamang Sailo, Bhojpuri Song, Tharu Song) competition on MRE; Street Drama competition on MRE; Rallies with slogans of MRE in targeted VDCs; Local level group discussion; IEC Materials Publications and Dissemination: documentary (audio visual), bulletins and wall
paintings. Paintings will be written in appropriate local language e.g. Tamang, Bhojpuri, Maithali, Tharu.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Administration 15,550Implementing costs or operating costs 79,170Funds Requested 94,720
41
THEMATIC AREA: Emergency Health Preparedness and ResponseAppealing Agency INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC)Project Title Emergency health access to rural communities in Mugu and HumlaProject Code NEP-08/H06 (revised)Sector HealthObjectives Increased access and use of sub-health post facilities and involvement of
community health workers in health planning in rural areasBeneficiaries 40,000 personsPartners ISSProject Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $532,000Funds Requested $266,000
Needs Humla and Mugu districts are two of the most remote areas of Nepal where most village development committees (VDCs) are accessible only by foot. The mountainous terrain already makes it difficult to grow food and with recent droughts, food security has become a major problem. Further, the incidences of preventable diseases such diarrhoea is high. Existing government sub-health posts, with sparse material and human resources, have not been able to tackle these preventable health problems. Many health workers receive very little support and supervision and rarely have sufficient medical supplies. Additionally, most of the people do not come to the health facilities knowing that few drugs are available, and often living too far away from facilities to obtain treatment there, so that the system of community volunteers is even more crucial than in other districts. IRC therefore aims to improve the health and well-being of approximately 40,000 individuals in Humla and Mugu through increased access and to quality health care, both within and outside of sub-health posts.
Activities Needs assessment of ten health posts facilities, equipment, supplies and human resources; Rehabilitation/renovation of up to ten health posts facilities including drugs, equipment, and
supplies; Village volunteers in ten VDCs have a supply of drugs of equipment needed for providing
community-based care; Outreach and mobile clinics conducted with health staff and volunteers to give them on-the-job
training while providing care to people who live far away from fixed facilities; Establish/revitalise regular meetings of health management committees (HMC) and health staff
and facilitate development of health action plans within each selected VDC.
Outcomes Sub-health posts in target areas will have drugs, equipment, supplies, and structure needed to
provide services; Health staff and volunteers in these areas will be supported and supervised to further build and
update skills; People living in communities far from sub-health posts will receive quality care through outreach
clinics and mobile clinics; HMCs produce and begin implementation of health action plans developed through community
participatory processes.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Programme costs 212,800Operating costs 53,200Funds Requested 266,000
42
Appealing Agency WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)Project Title Health Initiatives in Crisis (HIC)Project Code NEP-08/H11 (revised)Sector HealthBeneficiaries Crisis affected people throughout the country (20 disaster prone districts in
particular)Partners MoHP, Nepal Red Cross Society, BPKIHSProject Duration July 2008 – June 2009Funds Requested $891,875
Needs Nepal’s peripheral health system is in transition. Health facilities are not appropriately equipped and therefore unable to meet the basic health needs of the people. The health system is slow to respond to emergencies due to a lack of skilled personnel and unable to control crisis situations due to a serious lack of medicines and equipment, which only contributes to the increase of avoidable morbidity and mortality. In particular, health facilities in the remote areas are scarcely staffed and they are not trained to provide efficient first aid services during disasters.
Recent assessments (WHO, 2006) highlight the urgency for strengthening the peripheral health system in conflict-affected areas to provide initial stabilisation for emergency victims. An assessment on the capacity of the surveillance system in Nepal (WHO, 2007) indicates a dysfunctional surveillance system that fails to identify and intervene in a timely manner, during disease outbreaks.
A major diarrhoea outbreak was seen in 2007 with almost 300 confirmed cholera cases. While long-term plans are being finalised under the avian influenza project to strengthen the surveillance system, immediate actions are necessary to respond to public health needs during post disasters and outbreak situations. Areas like maternal and neonatal healthcare have been greatly affected by lack of drugs and basic equipment. In addition, support to health coordination should be strengthened because of the multiplicity of actors, issues and geographic locations. There is a need to respond to emergency health needs and thereby reduce avoidable mortality, prevent morbidity as well as support the MoHP to provide quality health services to crisis affected people and prevent/control outbreaks of communicable disease.
Activities Continue liaising with partners to coordinate preparedness, response and recovery activities; Identify 20 target districts based on humanitarian needs, vulnerability, and capacity; Procure/pre-position and distribute essential maternal/neonatal and first-aid drugs and equipment; Conduct both community level and central level trainings (ToT) on emergency preparedness and post
disaster surveillance; Strengthen public health crisis monitoring (surveillance) and coordinated health response mechanism
to control public health emergencies.
Outcomes Emergency medicines pre-positioned for timely response during outbreaks and natural disasters; Enhance the capacity of 20 District level Rapid Response Teams and equip them appropriately to
respond to emergencies with quality first aid services; Trained pool of health staff with a comprehensive understanding of emergency preparedness and
disaster response tools; A public health crisis monitoring system in place with improved coordination among humanitarian and
development agencies working on emergency health and nutrition; Maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity reduced.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Activity and management costs 509,253Implementation and operations costs 248,500Project management and reporting costs 75,776Project support cost 58,346Funds Requested 891,875
43
THEMATIC AREA: INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONSAppealing Agency INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC)Project Title Integrated assistance to conflict affected in the Mid-West Region of nepalProject Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL17 (revised)Sector Protection/Human Rights/Rule of LawBeneficiaries Conflict Affected, families (IDP, returnees) as well as communities in
Bardiya, Surkhet, Dailekh, Jajarkot, Dang and Kapilvastu – 100 families per district; 4 VDCs per district
Partners INSEC, FORWARDProject Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $611,000Funds Requested for 2008 $305,500
Needs In this tentative, more hopeful climate, families affected by the armed conflict are trying to rebuild their lives within their communities where they have remained, returned or where they have been displaced. These families, two years after peace, continue to face considerable risks associated with regaining or establishing new livelihoods; however, the political turmoil continues to delay the roll out of the newly developed government IDP Policy. Additionally, the issue of providing assistance to the State-affected people is still to be addressed by the government. IRC and other agencies aim to work closely with the Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction to support the role out and dissemination of the IDP Policy to rural communities.
Over the last year IRC has implemented a programme to support the safe and durable return in six districts of the Mid-West region of Nepal, through integrated assistance that strengthens protection services and improves quality of life for IDP, returnees and other conflict-affected households. The project entailed delivery of Non-Food Items and Conflict Resolution Activities (CRA) to the most vulnerable and conflict affected families and communities.
ObjectiveTo strengthen protection services for conflict affected (IDP/returnees, missing, killed, injured) and promote durable recovery/reintegration for communities through livelihood and community driven recovery activities.
Activities Livelihood and economic support in six districts of the Mid West to the most vulnerable conflict
affected families (100 per district - Bardiya; Surkhet; Dailekh, Jajarkot, Dang and Kapilvastu); Conflict resolution small grants given to the most conflict affected communities where priorities are
focused on livelihood development and service delivery (education, health, sanitation etc.) benefiting both the host and the return communities (four QIPs per district);
Protection monitoring and database maintained to complement the government’s efforts to register the conflict affected (particularly IDP / Returnees);
Information dissemination of the entitlements and the latest government/NGO programmes available within the district;
Support role out of government’s IDP Policy at the VDC and district levels.
Outcomes 100 Vulnerable conflict affected families per district receive livelihood/economic support; 24 Conflict resolution activities are completed in the six districts benefiting to local community and
IDP; Communities and individual families are equipped with the necessary information to understand
the government’s IDP Policy and how to access compensation; IDP database improved and supports other NGOs and government to assist returning families.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Operations costs 61,100 Programme costs 244,400 Fund Requested 305,500
44
Appealing Agency NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NRC)
Project TitleProtection of conflict affected internally displaced persons through information, counselling and legal assistance
Project Code NEP-08/P/HR/RL18 (revised)Sector/Thematic Area Rights and reconciliation (IDP)
Beneficiaries
Services to approximately 6,000 displaced and vulnerable victims of conflict: including awareness raising/dissemination of the IDP Policy and Directives to all concerned parties to reach 50,000 IDP
Partners Nepal Bar Association and national NGOsProject Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $1,800,000Funds Requested $1,000,000
Needs In 2007 and 2008, the Norwegian Refugee Council has established seven offices covering 20 districts of Nepal, and has implemented a comprehensive information, counselling and legal assistance project (ICLA) to assist and bring awareness about IDP rights. ICLA activities aim at strengthening the IDP protection framework in providing information, counselling, legal services and advocacy. NRC Nepal in 2008 will continue using a thoroughly tested field methodology encompassing a combination of community sensitisation and mobilisation, various information means, legal assistance and advocacy tools to promote the issue of civil documentation to IDP, their property rights and obligations of the State to IDP. NRC mainly assists IDP that do not have the means to represent themselves in administrative or legal proceedings related to their basic rights as Nepalese citizens such as access to education and health care, acquisition of personal documentation and management of property/land rights. NRC will assist the MoPR in developing a comprehensive framework for the dissemination and implementation of the IDP policy and directives.
Objectives Identify vulnerable IDP and provide information to IDP/returnees on: rights awareness, the
mechanisms to access IDP rights, to assist voluntarily and informed decision as whether to return, integrate or resettle; to monitor returns in NRC working locations;
Assist IDP and returnees to access facilities provided by State, humanitarian actors and the use of an efficient referral system with identified partners;
Provide legal assistance to IDP and returnees via administrative or legal proceedings related to their basic rights as Nepalese citizens;
Advocate for IDP rights, and the accountability of the Nepali State to IDP, and sensitisation of Nepali population regarding IDP issues;
Raise awareness of national authorities, civil society and IDP on IDP rights enshrined in the IDP Policy and Directives.
Activities NRC team will provide information to our direct beneficiaries to assist them seek durable solutions to
their displacement via various communication means; Assist IDP and returnee populations in accessing civil documentation by providing legal assistance
through regional offices and outreach %s (mobile legal clinics); Provide referrals to partner organisations providing services such trauma counselling, SGBV and
return facilitation; Conduct informal interventions and structured mediations based on the law of Nepal; NRC works closely with United Nations agencies, INGO and Nepali state to ensure that the basic
rights of IDP/returnees are observed in regards to Nepali law and in compliance with international conventions. NRC records IDP in a database to ensure effective case follow up;
In Collaboration with the MoPR, national and international organisations, NRC will conduct a nationwide media and dissemination campaign, conduct regional and district workshops to ensure IDP policy and directives are implemented.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 250,000 Implementing costs or operating costs 750,000Funds Requested 1,000,000
45
THEMATIC AREA: RefugeesAppealing Agency UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR)Project Title Physical and legal protection for asylum-seekers and refugees in NepalProject Code NEP-08/MS01 (revised)Main Sector Multi-sectorObjectives Provide legal protection to refugees and asylum-seekers in Nepal.
Facilitate durable solutions, notably through large scale third country resettlement, for refugees in Nepal; provide basic relief assistance for asylum-seekers and refugees in Nepal
Beneficiaries Total: 130,000 refugees and asylum-seekersPartners WFP, Ministry of Home, Tribhuvan University, LWF, Caritas-Nepal, AMDA-
Nepal, Pro Public, and other NGOs Project Duration January - December 2008Total Project Budget $ 12,015,561Funds Requested $ 7,536,547
NeedsFor the first time in 17 years, progress was made in finding a solution to the protracted situation of refugees from Bhutan. At the end of 2007, the Government of Nepal agreed to third country resettlement as part of a comprehensive solution. Through the concerted effort of UNHCR, the Government of Nepal and the Core Group of interested countries, the search for durable solutions for protracted refugees continues. For refugees remaining in the camps, UNHCR will continue to provide an unaltered level of assistance in all sectors. UNHCR will complete the relief and reconstruction support to refugees in the Goldhap camp, almost destroyed by fire on 1 March 2008. For newly arrived Tibetan persons of concern, UNHCR will provide assistance, registration and documentation depending on needs. For urban refugees, UNHCR will continue to provide financial assistance and cover expenses for medical and primary education needs until a durable solution is identified. Asylum-seekers will receive emergency assistance, such as medical or non-food items, pending adjudication of their cases.
Activities Monitoring protection of all refugees and asylum-seekers in Nepal, including the 20,000 Tibetan
refugees who arrived before 1990; Implementation of durable solutions, notably large scale third country resettlement; Coordination of the international community’s response in support of the refugees and asylum-
seekers in Nepal; Awareness-raising on refugee issues with a view to have a national legislation on asylum adopted in
accordance with international protection standards; Together with the Ministry of Home Affairs, management of seven refugee camps and provision of
material assistance to some 108,000 refugees from Bhutan; Improve the quality of the documentation of the refugee population from Bhutan by distributing
individual ID cards to all refugees of 16 years of age and above; Assisting newly-arrived Tibetan persons of concern in transit through Nepal with material assistance
and basic protection services; Provide international protection and durable solutions to individual asylum seekers and mandate
urban refugees, addressing physical protection needs of the most vulnerable as well.
Outcomes Resettlement started in early 2008 with some 10,000 refugees expected to be processed in 2008 and over 20,000 persons in 2009 and beyond. Distribution of individual identity documents will improve protection of people of concern. Provision of unaltered level of assistance will maintain the living standards until a durable solution is identified.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Programme 10,119,236Programme support cost 1,896,325Total Project Budget 12,015,561Minus available resources 4,479,014Funds Requested 7,536,547
46
Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP)Project Title Food Assistance to Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal (PRRO 10058.5)Project Code NEP-08/F02 (revised)Sector FoodBeneficiaries 108,200 personsPartners UNHCR, LWF, CARITAS, AMDAProject Duration January - December 2008Total Project Budget $27,777,393Funds Requested $14,292,347
NeedsDespite the hospitality shown by the Government of Nepal, Bhutanese refugees are not allowed to engage in economic activities outside the camp and lack access to land for agriculture production, leaving them completely dependent upon humanitarian assistance for their basic needs. Findings from the 2006 WFP/UNHCR Joint Assessment Mission provides justification for the need to continue food assistance to Bhutanese refugees residing in seven camps located in eastern Nepal. In October 2007, the Government of Nepal agreed to third country resettlement of the refugee caseload. The number of beneficiaries requiring food assistance is expected to decrease slightly in 2008 as a result of third-country resettlement. Increased food commodity prices have affected the operation. The increase in food and fuel prices for 2008 could result in shortfalls that might require food rationing.
This year, some 108,200 refugees will benefit from WFP general food assistance. Approximately 2,600 malnourished children, pregnant and lactating women as well as chronically ill patients will receive additional assistance under a supplementary feeding programme. WFP will continue to be one of less than ten operations worldwide to assume direct responsibility for managing food distribution previously handled by UNHCR.
Objectives The overall aim of this PRRO is to contribute to safeguarding the lives and nutritional status of the Bhutanese refugees by providing secure access to food until they attain self-sufficiency or are resettled or repatriated to their country of origin. The PRRO objectives are: Reduce and/or stabilise crude mortality among refugee beneficiaries; Improve and/or maintain the nutritional status of the refugee population, particularly among vulnerable
groups including children under five years, pregnant and lactating women and chronically ill persons; Strengthen coping mechanisms and enhance resilience to shock through the transfer of skills; and
income-generating opportunities that contribute to food-security among the refugees as well as neighbouring host communities.
Activities WFP is responsible for procurement, transportation, storage, handling and distribution of food commodities under the general and the supplementary feeding programmes. In coordination with the WFP Country Office, the sub-office in Damak is responsible for monitoring food distribution and related activities. A general food ration is distributed to all refugees on a fortnightly basis under the direction of the Refugee Camp Management Committee and Lutheran World Federation (LWF). The Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA), the organisation responsible for providing health services in the camps, manages a supplementary feeding programme that provides a take-home ration of fortified wheat soya blend and vegetable oil to malnourished children, pregnant and lactating women as well as chronically ill patients.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 1,033,415Implementing costs or operating costs 13,258,932Funds Requested 14,292,347
47
Thematic Area: Disaster Preparedness and ResponseAppealing Agency CONCERN WORLDWIDE NEPAL (CWN)Project Title Emergency Response for the Mid-West RegionProject Code NEP-08/CSS06 (revised)Sector Coordination and Support ServicesObjectives To build the capacity of partner organisations and government for emergency
responseBeneficiaries 2,000 households in areas with improved emergency response Partners RRN, NEWAH, FORWARD, DWEC Project Duration June - December 2008Funds Requested $115,000
Needs The Terai districts of Banke and Bardiya are highly likely to suffer from floods in the monsoon period. Flood responses in previous years have been hampered by insufficient quantities of stockpiled relief materials, and the scale of flooding can overwhelm the capacity of the agencies present. The high-hill district of Kalikot lies within a landslide prone area. Although numbers of displacements are relatively low, the extreme poverty of the communities living there increases their vulnerability to small but persistent disasters. There is currently extremely limited emergency response capacity in the district and CWN has been nominated to take a lead role in facilitating the district disaster response plan.
Objective Improve CWN emergency response capacity through partner organisations, whilst ensuring
coordination by district disaster response committees (DDRC).
Activities Develop partnership with Rural Reconstruction Nepal (RRN) which will activate in the event of an
emergency and facilitate capacity building of RRN as appropriate; Build capacity of partner staff in emergency response in Banke, Bardiya and Kalikot: RRN to train
Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH) staff in Banke and Bardiya; and Forum for Rural Welfare & Agriculture Reform Development (FORWARD) and Drinking Water Estimated Concentration (DWEC) staff in Kalikot;
Develop stockpile of non-food items (enough for 1,500 families), consisting of plastic sheeting, blankets, water storage and purification, cooking and eating utensils and Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) for a family of five, mainly to be stored in the RRN compound in Nepalgunj;
Identify risk-prone villages in target districts and establish ‘mini stockpiles’ of NFIs and rescue equipment for VDC immediate response; backed up by main stockpile;
Coordinate and facilitate development of disaster response plan in Kalikot with district disaster response committee;
Document learning from the emergency response during the 2008 monsoon period, through above mentioned systems, to identify improvements and replication opportunities for 2009.
Expected Outputs by end of 2008 RRN are capacitated to train up staff of three development NGOs in area of emergency response; 50 staff trained in emergency response: 20 in Banke / Bardiya and 30 in Kalikot from three NGOs (to
be linked to RRN’s already trained staff for a response personnel team of roughly 70 people); Risk prone VDCs identified in Banke, Bardiya and Kalikot; 1,500 NFI kits procured and ready for emergency distributions; roughly 20% of them pre-positioned,
with rescue equipment, in risk prone areas in Banke, Bardiya and Kalikot; Logistics and coordination mechanisms in place for RRN to support remote-area emergency
responses with main stockpile; Disaster response plan for Kalikot district prepared by DDRC; Lessons learned and capacity needs assessment done based on 2008 emergency responses, with
recommendations for improvements and scaling up for 2009.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
National staff costs 10,000Direct project implementation costs 90,000Partner support costs 10,000Monitoring and evaluation 5,000Funds Requested 115,000
48
Appealing Agency INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC)Project Title Disaster Preparedness and Response in BardiyaProject Code NEP-08/CSS07 (revised)Sector Coordination and Support ServicesBeneficiaries Flood prone communities targeting the most vulnerable (women and
children)Project Duration 12 monthsTotal Project Budget $310,000Funds Requested $155,000
Needs AnalysisEvery year natural disasters plague Nepal. Of the total number of registered and documented disasters since 1934, flooding accounts for 25% of those killed (5,478), 32% of those left homeless (81,925), and results in 75% in estimated economic damage.18
The Karnali River is the fastest flowing river in Nepal, running through Bardiya District. Every year major floods wash away homes and communities. People who are unable to afford land in safer, higher ground are forced to settle on flood plains close to river beds. These groups are the most vulnerable in Bardiya, including the recently freed Kamaiya, previously bonded labourers.
IRC was involved in the response efforts to the last two major floods that affected Bardiya in the last two years, providing immediate relief (within 24 hours) to flood victims and assisting in communicating needs based on assessment externally.
ObjectiveImprove the overall preparedness, response and coordination by all actors (NGOs, local authorities and communities) in minimising the risk and providing flood relief for the most vulnerable populations in Bardiya.
Activities
Preparedness Ensure there is a disaster management strategy coordinated amongst NGOs, local authorities,
NRCS and communities with a focus on the protection of women, children, and other disadvantaged groups (especially prevention of gender-based violence);
Deliver ToT courses to specific local IRC, NCRS staff and members of community disaster management committees to conduct future trainings on the collection of accurate, rapid disaster assessments.
Response Undertake a timely needs assessment, including protection and health in Bardiya to ensure timely
and effective response to floods; Purchase and pre-position 500 emergency NFI supplies; Organise child friendly safe spaces and materials in target areas.
Relief Following a flood disaster, identify and provide livelihood support to at least 100 vulnerable families; Provide support to communities to rebuild or repair health facilities and schools damaged by floods.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Programme costs 125,000Operating costs 30,000Funds Requested for June – December 2008 155,000
18EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, www.em-dat.net - Université catholique de Louvain - Brussels – Belgium.
49
NEPAL
Appealing AgencyUNITED NATIONS HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAMME (UN HABITAT)
Project Title NFI and shelter assistance to IDP affected by natural disaster (flooding)Project Code NEP-08/S/NF02 (revised)Sector/Thematic Area Crisis response (IDP)Beneficiaries 1,000 displaced families due to flooding Partners NRC, NSET, SLTDCProject Duration July -December 2008Funds Requested $450,000
Needs AnalysisImmediate provision of temporary/semi temporary shelter and basic non-food items to IDP induced by flooding is acknowledged as the most critical step for families to cope with the affects of natural disasters. Among UN Agencies, UN-HABITAT is mandated to provide support for the provision of shelter to such families and has wide range of experience in the region. The implementing partner of UN-HABITAT will be Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) who has extensive network in Nepal with three offices in Terai region.
In 2007 and 2008, NRC established seven regional offices covering 20 districts (Central, West, East Terai and Hilly Mid-West regions) of Nepal and assisting IDP and returnees. Besides assisting the current conflict related IDP, NRC has developed its operational capacity to respond to any future displacement linked with natural disasters such as flooding.
The national NGOs and the National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal (NSET), will conduct training to project staff and Shelter and Local Technology Development Centre (SLTDC) will provide technical assistance in repairing affected houses.
Therefore, in case of flooding, 1,000 vulnerable families will be identified who desperately require emergency support of shelter materials, shelter repair and non-food items. The targeted families are located in the Terai NRC working districts. Each NRC office in Terai, namely Nepalgunj, Biratnagar and Lahan, will deal with this specific programme. A bare minimum package has been worked out for the provision of non-food items (including specific needs of women) and emergency shelter repair and cost worked out accordingly.
Objectives Provide basic essentials non-food items and emergency shelter materials for 1,000 vulnerable;
displaced families (5,000 beneficiaries) due to flooding; Optimise resource allocation through accurate target group identification; Combine NRC ICLA activities with shelter project.
Activities
Verification of beneficiaries: Prior to distribution of support packages beneficiaries’ families will be assessed and confirmed to match accurately their crucial shelter and NFI needs;
Distribution of NFI and shelter repair materials Packages of materials of NFIs and shelter materials in kind only will be distributed to families identified and verified. NRC shelter and ICLA team will provide information about this programme to the selected beneficiaries in liaison and mediation with district officials and relevant authorities;
Experience documentation: emphasis will be given to document the process of implementation including photographic documentation for the purposes of record-keeping, reporting and dissemination of information and project’s achievements.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 45,000Implementing costs or Operating costs 405,000Funds Requested 450,000
50
NEPAL
THEMATIC AREA: CoordinationAppealing Agency OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)
Project TitleEmergency response fund to assist displaced, vulnerable and marginalised populations
Project Code NEP-08/SNYS01 (new)Sector Coordination and Support ServicesObjective Effective and principled humanitarian action in Nepal Beneficiaries Vulnerable populationsPartners I/NGOsProject Duration 12 monthsFunds Requested $599,072
Needs OCHA proposes to set up an Emergency Relief Fund (ERF) with an initial amount of $500,000 for Nepal. The Nepal ERF will provide rapid and flexible funding to in-country actors (mainly NGOs) to address unforeseen humanitarian needs. The Nepal ERF will address rapid onset needs not foreseeable or addressed by the Common Appeal for Transition Support.
Objectives Prevent new humanitarian needs through protection initiatives, conflict transformation, and
community reconciliation; Respond rapidly to emerging humanitarian needs, as a result of internal strife and/or other disasters; Promote social inclusion in the delivery of humanitarian aid, particularly for women, children and the
most marginalised (e.g. Dalits and widows), and build capacity of national aid providers; Capacity building of local NGOs, especially constituted of minorities, socially excluded and women,
e.g. Dalits, Tharus, and other indigenous communities.
Activities Conduct inter-agency missions on humanitarian needs and required responses, disseminate key
findings and recommendations, including the identification of operational partners, to the HC/IASC; Undertake inter-agency needs assessment missions within 48 hours of an emergency/disaster, prioritise
needs and response plans, and facilitate the delivery of relief assistance by contacting relevant authorities at all levels and securing clearances to controlled areas;
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (do no harm approach) – monitor the appropriateness and effectiveness of aid/rapid response and ensure that funds are disbursed in compliance with international and UN humanitarian policies;
Identify NGOs who have the capacity (resources and geographical presence) and the expertise (sector/thematic area, experience and authority) to respond to new humanitarian crisis, particularly to the needs of vulnerable groups, such as women, children the socially excluded;
Direct grant delivered to NGOs; Set up emergency field information and coordination units to facilitate the deployment of humanitarian
actors in identified, priority areas.
FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $
Staff costs 39,600Operational costs 59,472Grants 500,000Funds Requested 599,072
51
NEPAL
52
NEPAL
ANNEX IADDITIONAL FUNDING TABLES
53
NEPAL
54
NEPAL
55
NEPAL
56
NEPAL
ANNEX IIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ACF Action Contre la FaimADRA Adventist Development and Relief AgencyAMDA Association of Medical Doctors of AsiaAPF Armed Police ForceARI Acute Respiratory Infection
BAC Battle Area ClearanceBOGs Basic Operating GuidelinesBPKIHS B.P. Koirala Institute for Health Science in Nepal
CA Constituent AssemblyCAAC Children Associated with Armed ConflictCAAFAG Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed GroupsCAP Consolidated Appeals Process CBO Community Based OrganisationCBS Central Bureau of StatisticsCCWB Central Child Welfare BoardCERF Central Emergency Response Fund CMREC Community-based Mine Risk Education CampaignCPC Child Protection CommitteeCPN-Maoist Communist Party of Nepal – MaoistCRA Conflict Resolution ActivitiesCREHPA Centre for Research on Environmental Health and Population ActivitiesCWG Community Working Group
DDC District Development CommitteeDDRC District Disaster Response CommitteeDMC Disaster Management CommitteesDWEC Drinking Water Estimated Concentration
ERF Emergency Relief FundERW Explosive Remnants of WarEU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationFFW/T Food for Work/Training FORWARD Forum for Rural Welfare & Agriculture Reform Development
GAM Global Acute MalnutritionGBV Gender Based ViolenceGoN Government of Nepal
HDI Human Development IndexHI Handicap International HIC Health Interventions in CrisisHIMS Health Information Management SystemHMC Health Management CommitteeHR Human Rights
IASC Inter-Agency Standing CommitteeICLA Information Counselling and Legal AssistanceICRC International Committee of the Red CrossIDP Internally Displaced PersonsIED Improvised Explosive DeviceIFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesIHRICON Institute of Human Rights CommissionIMR Infant Mortality Rate
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NEPAL
INSEC Informal Sector Service CentreI/NGO International / Non-Governmental OrganisationIOM International Organization for MigrationIRC International Rescue Committee
LWF Lutheran World Federation
MAM Moderate Acute MalnutritionMAU Mine Action UnitMAWG Mine Action Working GroupMCHW Maternal and Child Health WorkerMLD Ministry of Local DevelopmentMMR Maternal Mortality RateMoHP Ministry of Health and PopulationMoPR Ministry of Peace and ReconstructionMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingMRE Mine Risk EducationMUAON Municipality Association of NepalMYR Mid-Year Review
NA Nepal ArmyNC Nepali CongressNCDM Nepal Centre for Disaster ManagementNFI Non-Food ItemNEWAH Nepal Water for HealthNHRC National Human Rights CommissionNMAA National Mine Action AuthorityNMATC National Mine Action Technical Committee NRC Norwegian Refugee CouncilNRCS Nepal Red Cross SocietyNSDR National Strategy for Disaster Risk ManagementNSET National Society for Earthquake Technology-NepalNPTF Nepal Peace Trust FundNUCRA National Unit for the Coordination of Refugee Affairs
OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsOHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human RightsORS Oral Rehydration Solution
PRRO Protracted Relief and Recovery Operations PLA People’s Liberation Army
QIP Quick Impact Project
RH Reproductive HealthRRN Rural Reconstruction Nepal
SAM Severe Acute MalnutritionSC Save the ChildrenSC-Alliance Save the Children AllianceSGBV Sexual and Gender Based ViolenceSLTDC Shelter and Local Technology Development CentreSTIs Sexually Transmitted InfectionsSZoP Schools as Zone of Peace
ToT Training of TrainersTPO Trans-cultural Psychosocial OrganizationTRC Tibetan Reception Centre
U5MR Under-Five Mortality RateUML United Marxist LeninistUNCT United Nations Country Team
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NEPAL
UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance FrameworkUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNPFN United Nations Peace Fund for NepalUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations Children’s FundUNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for WomenUNMIN United Nations Mission in Nepal UN United NationsUNSCR United Nations Security Council ResolutionUNV United Nations VolunteersUPCA Underprivileged Children’s Education ProgrammeUXO Unexploded Ordnance
VDC Village Development Committee
WDO Women Development OfficeWFP World Food ProgrammeWG Working GroupWHO World Health Organization
YCL Young Communist League
59
Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP)
The CAP is a tool for aid organisations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.
It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans, and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:
Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); Resource mobilisation leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal; Coordinated programme implementation; Joint monitoring and evaluation; Revision, if necessary; Reporting on results.
The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region, including the following elements:
A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; An assessment of needs; Best, worst, and most likely scenarios; A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs; A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.
The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organization for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.
The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.
Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.
In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time.
OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS(OCHA)
UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONSNEW YORK, NY 10017 1211 GENEVA 10
USA SWITZERLAND