doc.: ieee 802.22-11/0132r03 submission november 2011 slide 1 introduction to ieee std. 802.22-2011...

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

Submission

November 2011

Slide 1

Introduction to IEEE Std. 802.22-2011 and its Amendment PAR for P802.22b: Broadband Extension and Monitoring

Name Company Address Phone email Apurva N. Mody

BAE Systems 130 D. W. HWY Merrimack, NH

404-819-0314

[email protected]

Zander (Zhongding) Lei

Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R)

1 Fusionopolis Way #21-01 Connexis, Singapore 138632

65-6408-

2436 [email protected]

Gwangzeen Ko ETRI Korea +82-42-860-

4862 [email protected]

Chang Woo Pyo NICT 3-4 Hikarion-Oka, Yokosuka, Japan

+81-46-847-5120

[email protected]

M. Azizur Rahman

NICT 3-4 Hikarion-Oka, Yokosuka, Japan

[email protected]

Authors:

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.11.

Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf>, including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Apurva N. Mody <[email protected]> as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at <[email protected]>.

AbstractThis tutorial is to be presented during the IEEE 802 Plenary session in November 2011 in Atlanta. The first part of the tutorial provides an overview of the recently completed standard IEEE std. 802.22-2011. The second part of the tutorial is to educate the IEEE 802 community as to why a new P802.22b amendment to the IEEE std. 802.22-2011 is needed and what it will do.

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

Submission

November 2011

Outline

• Digital divide: Today’ s problem and its solution

• Television Whitespace (TVWS): A New Hope

• Overview of the IEEE 802.22-2011 Standard

• PHY Characteristics

• MAC Characteristics and Cognitive Radio Characteristics

• Broadband Extension and Monitoring Use-cases

• P802.22b PAR – Broadband Extension and Monitoring

Slide 2

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November 2011

Problem: Digital Divide Exists Today• According to the recent TIME Magazine article (October 31st issue), 73% of

the world population (5.1 Billion people) does not have access to internet • 49.5% of the people (3.465 Billion) in the world live in rural areas.

• It is expensive to lay fiber / cable in rural and remote areas with low population density. Wireless is the only solution.

• Backhaul / backbone internet access for rural areas is very expensive (50% of the cost)

• Traditional wireless carriers have focused on urban areas with high populations density (faster Return on Investment) using licensed spectrum

• Example - America: About 28 percent of rural America, lack access to Internet with speeds of three megabits per second or faster, compared with only 3 percent, in non-rural areas, according to an FCC report titled "Bringing Broadband to Rural America”

• Example - India: In India, a country with more than 1.2 Billion people, more than 500 Million people have cell phones but less than 0.75% of the population has access to high speed internet access

• This has created a DIGITAL DIVIDE Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

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November 2011

b

Population density ( per km2)

Rel

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e c

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ple

xity

/co

st (%

)

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ral

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ars

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late

d

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

www.crc.cawww.crc.ca

b

Population density (per km2)

Rel

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& c

ost

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su

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rib

er (%

)

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pu

late

d

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

www.crc.cawww.crc.cawww.crc.cawww.crc.caOptical fiber

Cable modem

ADSL

Satellite

0.4 M

0.8 M

1.2 M

1.6 M

2.0 M

0.0 M

Pop

ula

tion

per

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bin

(M

illi

on)

Canada

2.4 M

USA

(scal

ed x0

.1066

)

Mobilebroadband

Fixed broadband

at lower frequency

Satellite WRAN100 W Base Station4 W User terminal

ADSL, Cable, ISM and UNII Wireless and Optical Fiber

4 W Base Station

FCC Definition of ‘Rural’Courtesy: Gerald Chouinard: [email protected]

Rel

ativ

e C

omp

lexi

ty a

nd

Cos

t (%

)Relative Cost and Complexity of Various Technologies for Rural

and Regional Area Broadband Service

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November 2011

High Range and NLoS Operation are Necessary for Broaband to Rural

• Range: VHF/ UHF Bands and Television Whitespaces with appropriate transmit / receive power allowance are ideally suited to deploy large Regional Area Networks (RANs) due to favorable propagation characteristics.

• Deployment of Wireless Regional Area Networks with greater range allows more users per Base Station, resulting in a viable business model

4 Watts Omni

5.8 GHz

2.4 GHz

900 MHzVHF / UHF and TV Whitespaces

10 – 30 km

Slide 5

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November 2011

Outline








Slide 6

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November 2011

Television Whitespaces: A New Hope

Legend

Available TV channels

None

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 and +

Source: Gerald Chouinard, CRC and Industry CanadaSouthern Ontario Canada

More Channels Available in Rural

AreasRural Areas

Urban Areas

• TV Channels in VHF / UHF bands have highly favorable propagation characteristics• Analog TV will be transitioned world-wide to Digital TV which is more spectrum

efficient.• Excess spectrum is called the digital dividend and it can be used to provide broadband

access while ensuring that no interference is caused to primary users.• In some administrations like the United States, opportunistic license-exempt usage of the

spectrum used by the incumbents is allowed on a non-interfering basis using cognitive radio techniques.

TV Channel Availability for Broadband

Slide 7

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November 2011

What can Television Whitespaces do?

• Television Whitespaces (TVWS) will allow broadband wireless access to regional, rural and remote areas under Line of Sight (LoS) and Non Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions.

• Other Applications:

• Triple play for broadcasters (e. g. video, voice and data),

• Smart grid

• Cheap backhaul using multi-profile RAN stations

• Off-loading cellular telephony traffic to un-licensed spectrum,

• Distance learning, civic communications, regional area public safety and homeland security, emergency broadband services,

• Monitoring rain forests, monitoring livestock, border protection,

• Broadband service to multiple dwelling unit (MDU), multi tenant unit (MTU), small office home office (SoHo), campuses, etc.

Wireless Regional Area Networks such as IEEE 802.22 systems using TV Whitespaces can connect rural areas in emerging markets.

Slide 8

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November 2011

Kinsley, Kansas, USA

TV Channel Availability

Courtesy: Spectrum Bridge: http://spectrumbridge.com/whitespaces.aspx

Rural Town, Moderate Density

Plenty of TV channels are available in rural areas for broadband

deployment

Slide 9

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November 2011

Manhattan, New York TV Channel

Availability

Courtesy: Spectrum Bridge: http://spectrumbridge.com/whitespaces.aspx

Urban City with very high

population density

Large cities such as Manhattan are not the potential target markets for IEEE 802.22

technology. Hardly any TV channels available in these markets and there are plenty of other

options for broadband such as cable and fiber.

Slide 10

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November 2011

Outline








Slide 11

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November 2011

802.22 WRAN

Courtesy, Paul Nikolich, Chair, IEEE 802

IEEE Standards Association Hierarchy

802.15 WPAN

802.11 WLAN

Slide 12

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November 2011

IEEE 802.22 WG on Wireless Regional Area Networks

IEEE 802.22 Standard – Wireless Regional Area

Networks: Cognitive Radio based Access in TVWS: Published in July 2011

802.22.1 – Std for Enhanced Interference Protection in

TVWS: Published in

Nov. 2010

802.22.2 – Std for Recommended

Practice for Deployment of

802.22 Systems: Expected

completion - Dec 2012

802.22a – Enhanced

Management Information Base and Management Plane Procedures:

Expected Completion - Dec.

2013

www.ieee802.org/22

802.22 RASGCIM –

Regional Area Smart Grid and

Critical Infrastructure

Monitoring Study Group

Slide 13

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November 2011

802.22 Unique Proposition

First IEEE Standard for operation in Television Whitespaces

First IEEE Standard that is specifically designed for rural and regional area broadband access aimed at removing the digital divide

First IEEE Standard that has all the Cognitive Radio features

Recipient of the IEEE SA Emerging Technology of the Year Award

Slide 14

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November 2011

Outline








Slide 15

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November 2011

November 2011Slide 16

Abstract

TV Channel Characteristics

IEEE 802.22 PHY Features

Conclusions

Contributor

Slide 16

Name Company Address Phone Email Zander (Zhongding) Lei

Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R)

1 Fusionopolis Way #21-01 Connexis, Singapore 138632

65-6408-2436

[email protected]

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

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November 2011


TV ChannelsMultipath Channel Characteristics

Frequency selective with large excessive delay Excessive delay (measurements in US, Germany,

France*)Longest delay: >60 μsec

85% test location with delay spread ~35 μsec

Low frequency (54~862 MHz)

Long range (up to 100 km)

Slow fadingSmall Doppler spread

(up to a few Hz)

* WRAN Channel Modeling, IEEE802.22-

05/0055r7, Aug 05

Profile C

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Excess delay (usec)

Re

lati

ve

att

en

ua

tio

n (

dB

)

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November 2011


PHY Features

• Worldwide Operation (6, 7, and 8 MHz Bandwidths supported)

• Simple and Light Specs• Robust OFDMA and High throughput• Adaptive Modulation and Coding• Preamble, Pilot Pattern and Channelization

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November 2011


Worldwide Operation

Support worldwide TV channels (6, 7, or 8 MHz) in the VHF/UHF broadcast bands from 54 MHz to 862 MHz

Same frame/symbol structure, preamble/pilot pattern, FFT size, number of data/pilot subcarriers, modulation and coding, interleaving etc.

Sampling frequency, carrier spacing, symbol duration, signal bandwidth, and data rates are scaled by channel bandwidth

TDD

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November 2011


Simple and Light Specs

Single PHY mode: OFDMA

Single FFT mode: 2048

Single antenna specHeavy multiple antennas specs (MIMO or beamforming) are not

supported due to physical sizes of antenna structures at lower frequencies

Linear burst allocation DS: little time diversity gain could be achieved across symbols due to

channel changes slowly

US: allocated across symbols to minimize the number of subchannels used by a CPE, hence reducing (EIRP) to mitigate potential interference to incumbent systems

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November 2011


Robust OFDMA Design with High Throughput

Robust OFDMA Design Longer symbol time

1/Δf ~ 300 μsec*; CPmax ~ 75 μsec

WiMAX: CP ~ 11.2 μsec

Slow fadingΔf ~3.3 kHz (Robustness to ICI better than WiMax in 3.5

GHz)

WiMAX: Δf ~11 kHz (Overkill in VHF/UHF band)

High throughputPeak data rate per channel: 22.69 Mb/s (rate 5/6, 64-QAM)

WiMAX: 15.84 Mb/s (rate 5/6, 64-QAM)

* US 6 MHz TV channel

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November 2011


Adaptive Modulation and Coding

4 CP factors: 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, and 1/32

3 modulations (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) with 4 coding rates (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6)

Mandatory CC + optional turbo (CTC or SBTC) and LDPC codes

Turbo-block bit interleaver and subcarrier interleaverMaximize the distance between adjacent samples to achieve better

frequency diversity

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November 2011


Preamble, Pilot Pattern and Channelization

3 types preamblesSuperframe

Frame

CBP

Tile pilot patternFor each symbol, every 7 useful

subcarriers has a pilot

For each subcarrier, every 7 symbols has a pilot

Robust channel estimation combining 7 OFDMA symbols.

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

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November 2011


Conclusions - PHY

IEEE 802.22 standard is optimized for VHF/UHF TV channels to provide broadband services with up to 100km coverageSimple and light specs

Robust to large delay spread

Robust to Doppler spread

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November 2011

Outline








Slide 25

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

Abstract

This contribution summarizes the MAC and Cognitive

Capability (CC) features in the IEEE 802.22-2011 Standard.

Contributors

Slide 26

Name Company Address Phone email Gwang-Zeen Ko ETRI Korea +82-42-860-4862 [email protected]

Byung Jang Jeong ETRI Korea +82-42-860-6765 [email protected]

Sung-Hyun Hwang ETRI Korea +82-42-860-1133 [email protected]

Jung-Sun Um ETRI Korea +82-42-860-4844 [email protected]

Antony Franklin ETRI Korea +82-42-860-0752 [email protected]

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

Contents

802.22 MAC FeaturesIntroduction

Super-frame/Frame Structure

CBP summary and Coexistence schemesDynamic QP Scheduling

Self-Coexistence Schemes

Cognitive Capabilities in 802.22Spectrum Manager

Channel Classification

Spectrum Sensing

Geo-location

DB Access

Slide 27

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

MAC Introduction (1)

• Some aspects of IEEE 802.22-2011 MAC have been inspired from the IEEE 802.16 MAC standard

• Combination of polling, contention and unsolicited bandwidth grants mechanisms

• Support of Unicast/Multicast/Broadcast for both management and data

• Connection-oriented MAC– Connection identifier (CID) is a key component

• IEEE 802.22-2011 CID can be constructed from Station ID (SID) and Flow Identifier (FID) [1]. This new CID definition can reduce overhead and storage requirements [2].

– Defines a mapping between peer processes– Defines a service flow (QoS provisioning)

Slide 28

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

MAC Introduction (2)

• However, major enhancements have been made–Support of Cognitive functionality

• Dynamic and adaptive scheduling of quiet periods• Various incumbent user detection and notification methods

–Coexistence with both incumbents and other 802.22 systems (self-coexistence)

• Measurements (incumbents and 802.22 operation)• Spectrum management (time, frequency and power)• The Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP)• The Incumbent Detection Recovery Protocol (IDRP)• Wireless microphone beacon mechanism (IEEE 802.22.1)

–Self-coexistence mechanisms• Spectrum Etiquette• On-demand Frame Contention

Slide 29

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

Summary of Cognitive Capabilities

Spectrum Manager

Policies

Incumbent Database Service

IncumbentDatabase

Spectrum SensingRF sensing performance

0.1%

1.0%

10.0%

100.0%

-26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2SNR (dB)

Pro

ba

bilit

y o

f m

isd

ete

cti

on

(P

md

)

Energy - 1dB Pfa=10% 5 ms

Energy - 0.5dB Pfa=10% 5 ms

Energy - 0dB Pfa=10% 5ms

Thomson-Segment Pfa=10% 4 ms

I2R Pfa=0.1% 4ms

I2R Pfa= 1% 4ms

I2R Pfa=10% 4 ms

Qualcomm Field Pfa=10% 24 ms

Qualcom Field Pfa=1% 24 ms

Thomson Field Pfa=10% 24 ms

Thomson Field Pfa=1% 24ms

Channel Set Management

Subscriber Station Registration and Tracking

Self Co-existence

time

Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 3 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3

Super-frame N (16 Frames) Super-frame N+1 (16 Frames)

… … …

Coexistence Beacon WindowsData Frames

TV Channel X

Geo-location

Slide 30

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November 2011

Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1 ......

frame 0

Superframe Preamble

SCHframe

Preamble

frame 1

Superframe Preamble

SCHframe

Preamble

frame 15

frame Preamble

WRAN 0

WRAN 1

......

......

160 ms

10 ms

Time

frame n-1 frame n frame n+1 ...Time

...

FramePreamble

FCH DS burst 1 DS burst 2 DS burst x...

UDCOptionalBroadcastMAC PDU

MAC PDU 1 ... MAC PDU y Pad

MAC Header

MAC Payload CRC

Ranging slots

BW request slots

US Burst (CPE m)

US PHY PDU (CPE p)

...

MAC PDU 1 ... MAC PDU k Pad

MAC Header

MAC Payload CRC

UCS Notification

Slots

DS subframe

US-MAPDS-MAP DCD

US subframe

TTGSelf Coexistence

Window RTG

Nov. 2011

IEEE 802.22 Frame Structure(Logical View)

Super frame Structure

Frame Structure

Slide 31

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

IEEE 802.22 Frame Structure(Physical View)

DS sub-frame

TTG

RTG

US sub-frame(smallest US burst portion on a given subchannel= 7 symbols)

26 to 42 symbols corresponding to bandwidths from 6 MHz to 8 MHz and cyclic prefixes from 1/ 4 to 1/ 32

Fram

e P

ream

ble

FCH

DS-M

AP

Burs

t 1

DCD

Burs

t 2 tim

e b

uff

er

tim

e b

uff

er

Self-c

oexis

tence w

indow

(4

or 5

sym

bols

when s

chedule

d)

Burst 1

60 s

ubchannels

Burst 2

Burst 3more than 7 OFDMA symbols

Burst

Burst n

Burst

Burs

t m

Ranging/ BW request/ UCS notification

Burst

Burst

Bursts

Burs

ts

frame n-1 frame n frame n+1... Time...

10 ms

US-M

AP

US-M

AP

UCD

Slide 32

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Concept of 802.22 Frame Operation

Slide 33

The propagation time for CPEs beyond 30km will be accommodated by scheduling of late upstream bursts

BS

CPE

T=0

T=10ms

Neighbor Cell CPE

Neighbor BS

Home Cell Coverage

Neighbor Cell Coverage

Long distance From BS

Short distance From BS

CPE

The allocation of burst could be based on

distance of CPE from BS in order to compensate the propagation delay

under overlapping cells

Contention for all CBP transmitters

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Nov. 2011

SCH and CBP Features

• The Super-frame Control Header (SCH)– Provides the control information for a WRAN cell– Support the intra-frame and inter-frame quiet periods management mechanisms

for sensing– Support coexistence with incumbents and other WRAN cells (self coexistence)

• An SCH can include various CBP (Coexistence Beacon Protocol) IEs– Backup channel information IE– Frame Contention information IE– Terrestrial Geo-location information IE– Signature IE, Certificate IEs (CBP frame security)

• Using SCH, WRAN BS can intelligently manage the operation of its associated CPEs

• Also, using CBP (Extended version of SCH), WRAN BS can intelligently manage the operation of neighboring WRAN cell under co-existence situation

Slide 34

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November 2011

Nov. 2011

Dynamic Quiet Period Scheduling


SCH frame 0 ...

160 ms

Time

frame 2 ...

10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms

Quiet Period Quiet Period


SCH

160 ms

Time

10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms

Quiet Period

SCH

...


SCH frame 0 frame 15...

160 ms

Time

frame 1 frame 2 ...

10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms

Quiet Period Quiet Period

FCH

Intra-Frame QP scheduling(Some part of super-frame)QP < 1Frame

Intra-Frame QP scheduling(Some part of super-frames)QP = 1 Frame

Inter-Frame QP scheduling(whole super-frame except SCH)

Slide 36

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Nov. 2011

Self-Coexistence Mechanism (1)• Self-Coexistence: Co-existence among WRAN Systems [4]

(Exchange of information between BSs through CPEs using the self-coexistence window)

Coexistence beacon protocol

On

-dem

and

fram

eco

nte

nti

on

Sp

ectr

um

etiq

uet

te

Orthogonal channel selection for operating channel and first backup channel

Frame allocation signalledby the super-frame control header (SCH)

MAC self-coexistence schemes

PHY coexistence mechanisms

Spectrum Etiquette

Frame contention

Spectrum Etiquette

Frame-based On-demand Spectrum contention

Enough channels available

Two or more cells need to

coexist on the same channel

Slide 37

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Nov. 2011

Self-Coexistence Mechanism (2)

• Spectrum Etiquette• Orthogonal channel assignment scheme between adjacent cells

– different operating channel for overlapping or adjacent cells– different first backup channel

1, 2, 7 3, 4, 2, 6, 7

5, 6, 2, 7, 84, 8, 2, 6, 7

3, 7, 2, 5, 8

6, 4, 2, 5, 7 8, 5, 2, 4, 7

(a) (b)

7, 5 3, 4, 6

5, 6, 2, 84, 8, 2, 6

3, 2, 5, 8

6, 4, 2, 5 8, 5, 2, 4

1 2

Operating Channel NumberBackup Channel Number

Candidate Channel numberCandidate Channel number

Incumbents are arrived at CH # 1 and 2

New Operating Channel NumberNew Backup Channel Number

Requires that information on operating, backup and candidate channelsof each cell is shared amongst WRAN cells: exchanged by CBP packets [5]

Slide 38

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Nov. 2011

Self-Coexistence Mechanism (3)

• On-demand Frame Contention• Two or more cells need to co-exist on the same channel


SCH frame 0 frame N...

160 ms

Time

...

10 ms

FCH

10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms10 ms

SCH ......

SCH ......

No Tx

SCW

frame 1

No Tx No Tx No Tx

frame 1

frame 0

No Tx No Tx

No Tx No Tx

frame 0

No Tx

No Tx No Tx

No Tx

No Tx

WRAN Cell 1

WRAN Cell 2

WRAN Cell 3

Using SCW, BS exchange CBPs and decides next frame owner using contention

frame 2

No Tx

SCW does not have to be allocated at each frame

time

Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 3 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3

Super-frame N (16 Frames) Super-frame N+1 (16 Frames)

… … …TV Channel X

Slide 39

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Nov. 2011

Cognitive Capability

Higher layer

MAC

PHY

MLME

PLME

Spectrum Manager(SM)

Geo-location

SAP SAP

SAP

SAP

SAP

SAP

SA

PS

AP

Station Management entity(SME)

Management PlaneData/Control Plane

Cognitive Plane

SpectrumSensingFunction

(SSF)

From Sensing Antenna

Location Informationfrom Satellites

From CPEs

From Database

A

B

D

C

MAC : Medium Access ControlPHY: PHYsical LayerMLME: MAC Layer Management EntityPLME: PHY Layer Management EntitySAP: Service Access Point

• Collection of Spectrum Information– Geo-location information (A)– TVWS Database (B)– CPE Spectrum Sensor (C)– BS Spectrum Sensor (D)

• Cognitive Engine (Decision Maker)– Spectrum Manager (BS)– Spectrum Automation (CPE)

• Configurable Communication System – 802.22 PHY– 802.22 MAC

Slide 40

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Nov. 2011

SM Channel Classification [5]

Two step channel decision

External to IEEE 802.22 System

Internal to IEEE 802.22 System

IncumbentDB exist?

Incumbent Data Base

Channel Availability?

Yes No

Incumbent Protection Requirements(i.e., FCC Rules in US)

Yes

Available Channels

Unavailable Channels

No

Is the channelSensed?

SM

Decision Considerations- Empty or not- Own WRAN cell used- WMP used- TV used- Other WRAN cells used- Cumulated Empty time- History- local regulatory- etc.

CandidateBackupOperating ProtectedDisallowed Unclassified

Yes

No

Channel Classification

Start

end

Slide 41

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Nov. 2011

Spectrum Sensing

• IEEE 802.22 supports spectrum sensing capability by using SSA and SSF• Spectrum Sensing Automation (SSA, sensing manager)

– All the IEEE 802.22 devices (BS and CPEs) shall also have an entity called the Spectrum Sensing Automaton (SSA). The SSA interfaces to the Spectrum Sensing Function (SSF) and executes the commands from the SM to enable spectrum sensing

• Spectrum Sensing Function (SSF, sensor)– Spectrum sensing is the process of observing the RF spectrum of a television

channel to determine its occupancy (by either incumbents or other WRANs).– The base station and all CPEs shall implement the Spectrum Sensing Function

(SSF)– The SSF shall be driven by the SSA. The SSF shall observe the RF spectrum of

a television channel and shall report the results of that observation to the SM (at the BS) via its associated SSA

Slide 42

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Nov. 2011

Spectrum Sensing

Spectrum Sensing Automation state machine Input/Output of the Spectrum Sensing Function

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Nov. 2011

Geo-Location

• Satellite based geo-location– Requires GPS antenna at each device– NMEA 0183 data string used to represent geo-location– Poor accuracy in Northern hemispheres

• Terrestrial based geo-location– Besides satellite-based geo-location, the 802.22 standard includes terrestrial

geo-location using inherent capabilities of the OFDM based modulation and the coexistence beacon protocol bursts transmitted and received among CPEs

– Propagation time measured between BS and its CPEs and among CPEs of the same cell using Fine Time Difference of Arrival: TDOA

BS

Vernier-1

Vernier-2

CPE 1

Downstream

Upstream

Vernier-3 CPE 2

CBP burst

Vernier-1

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Nov. 2011

DB Access• WRAN DB access

– 802.22 WG defined DB access structure

– Interfaces are defined between DB and BS

• Defined number of primitives for DB access– M-DB-AVAILABLE-

REQUEST– M-DEVICE-ENLISTMENT-

REQUEST– M-DB-AVAILABLE-

CHANNEL-REQUEST– M-DB-AVAILABLE-

CHANNEL-INDICATION– M-DB-DELIST-REQUEST– Etc.

Structure of the IEEE 802.22 WRANaccess to the database service

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Outline








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Abstract

This document introduces ten (10) usage cases for the 802.22 New SG “regional area smart grid and critical infrastructure monitoring study group”

These usage cases are grouped by three (3) categories

ContributorsName Company Address Phone email

Chang-Woo Pyo NICT 3-4 Hikarion-Oka, Yokosuka, Japan

+81-46-847-5120

[email protected]

Zhang Xin NICT 20 Science Park Road, #01-09A/10 TeleTech Park, Singapore

[email protected]

Chunyi Song NICT 3-4 Hikarion-Oka, Yokosuka, Japan

[email protected]

M. Azizur Rahman NICT 3-4 Hikarion-Oka, Yokosuka, Japan

[email protected]

Hiroshi Harada NICT 3-4 Hikarion-Oka, Yokosuka, Japan

[email protected]

Apurva N. Mody BAE Systems 130 Daniel Webster Highway, Mail Stop 2350 Merrimack, NH 03054

[email protected]

Nancy Bravin Bravin Consulting

Bakersfield CA [email protected]

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802 Standard Activities for Smart Grid and Critical Infrastructure Monitoring

Slide 48

P802.15.4m

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Enhanced Broadband and Monitoring Use Cases for Proposed P802.22b Project

Category Usage Cases Properties

A) Smart Grid & Monitoring

A1) Regional Area Smart Grid/Metering• Low capacity/complexity CPEs • Very large number of monitoring CPEs • Fixed and Potable CPEs• Real time monitoring• Low duty cycle• High reliability and security• Large coverage area• Infrastructure connection

A2) Agriculture/Farm House Monitoring

A3) Critical Infrastructure/Hazard Monitoring

A4) Environment Monitoring

A5) Homeland Security/Monitoring

A6) Smart Traffic Management and Communication

B) Broadband Service Extension

B1) Temporary Broadband Infrastructure(e.g., emergency broadband infrastructure)

• Fixed and Portable CPEs• Higher capacity CPEs than Category A)• High QoS, reliability and security • Higher data rate than Category A)• Easy network setup• Infrastructure and Ad hoc connection

B2) Remote Medical Service

B3) Archipelago/Marine Broadband Service

C) Combined Service

C1) Combined Smart Grid, Monitoring and Broadband Service

• Category A) and B)

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A1) Regional Area Smart Grid/Metering

Usage

Regional Area Smart Grid/Metering by Low Capacity/Complexity CPEs (LC-CPEs) such as smart meters

Properties

1) Low capability/ complexity CPE (LC-CPE)

2) Large number of fixed LC-CPEs3) Low duty cycle, high reliability

and security4) CPEs may provide an

infrastructure backhaul for LC-CPEs as well as perform monitoring

Topology

Fixed Infrastructure mode Fixed Point-to-Multipoints Communications

TVDB (TV Database)

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A2) Agriculture / Farm Monitoring

Usage

Agriculture/Farm house Monitoring by LC-CPEs, which may be attached in portable objects or fixed stations

Properties

1) Low capability/complexity CPE (LC-CPE)

2) Large number of fixed /portable LC-CPEs

3) Real-time monitoring4) CPEs may provide an

infrastructure backhaul for LC-CPEs as well as perform monitoring

Topology

Infrastructure mode Point-to-Fixed/Portable Multipoints Communications

CPE

TVDB (TV Database)

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Usage

Critical Infrastructure/Hazard Monitoring by infrastructure monitoring CPEs, which may be attached in the portable stations

Properties


2) Large number of fixed /portable LC-CPEs

3) Real-time monitoring4) Low latency communication5) High reliability and security6) CPEs may provide an

infrastructure backhaul for LC-CPEs

Topology


TVDB (TV Database)

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Usage

Environment monitoring by monitoring CPEs, which will detect the change of temperature, climate, or unintended events in a very wide area

Properties


2) Very large number of fixed/portable LC-CPEs

3) Real-time monitoring4) Low duty cycle, low latency

communication5) CPEs may provide an


Topology


TVDB (TV Database)

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Usage

Homeland security or monitoring by security CPEs, which may be attached in the barrier of land, coast or airport to detect illegality or contaminants

Properties


2) Fixed/Portable LC-CPEs3) Real-time monitoring4) Very low latency communication5) High reliability and security6) CPEs may provide an


Topology


TVDB (TV Database)

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Usage

Smart Traffic Management and Communication by traffic CPEs, which may be attached in the traffic sign poles or cars

Properties


2) Fixed/Portable LC-CPEs3) Real-time monitoring4) Very low latency communication5) CPEs may provide an


Topology

Infrastructure mode Point-to-Fixed/Portable Multipoints CommunicationsTVDB (TV Database)

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B1) Temporary Broadband Infrastructure

Usage

Temporary Broadband Infrastructure by portable HC-CPEs, which may be attached in the infrastructure vehicles on emergency

Properties

1) Higher capacity CPEs (HC-CPEs) rather than monitoring CPEs of A1~A6

2) Large number of portable CPEs3) Easy network setup 4) High reliability of connections

Topology

Ad hoc connectionPeer to Peer Communications

TVDB (TV Database)

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B2) Remote Medical Service

Usage

Remote Medical Service by medical service HC-CPEs, which may be applied in home media products

Properties


2) Higher QoS and reliability3) Real-time and low latency

communication4) HC-CPEs may provide an

infrastructure backhaul to other HC-CPEs or LC-CPEs

Topology

Infrastructure modeFixed Point-to-Multipoints Communications

TVDB (TV Database)

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Usage

Archipelago/ marine broadband service by broadband HC-CPEs, which may be located in islands or be applied in ships.

Properties


2) Fixed/Portable CPEs3) Higher QoS and reliability of

connections4) HC-CPEs may provide an

infrastructure backhaul to other HC-CPEs or LC-CPEs

Topology

Infrastructure modePoint-to-Fixed/Portable Multipoints Communications

TVDB (TV Database)

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C1) Combined Smart Grid, Monitoring and Broadband Services

Usage

Combined Smart Grid, Monitoring and Broadband Services by different types of CPEs

Properties

1) 802.22 RA smart grid and critical infrastructure monitoring application will be complimentary to other short range applications at the users’ end

2) We may have different types of CPEs in 802.22 new SG

3) Currently CPEs can not communicate to each other. We need this capability

4) Improved broadband service by using wider bandwidth through channel aggregation

Topology

Infrastructure mode & Ad mode

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ConclusionCategories Usage Case

End Device Capability

Num of Devices

Communication Mobility Topology

A) Smart Grid & Monitoring

A1) Regional Area Smart Grid/Metering

LowVery large

Low duty cycle FixedInfrastructure

(Fixed point-to-multipoints)

A2) Agriculture/Farm House Monitoring

High-reliability, Real-time,

Low latency

Fixed/Portable

Infrastructure (Point-to-fixed/portable

multipoints)





B) Broadband Service Extension

B1) Emergency Temporary Broadband Infrastructure

High Large

High reliability,Easy connection

PortableAd hoc

(Portable-to-Portable)

B2) Remote Medical ServiceReal-time,

Low latencyFixed

Infrastructure (Fixed point-to-multipoints)


High QoS and reliability

Fixed/Portable

Infrastructure (Point-to-fixed/portable

multipoints)

C) Combined Service

C1) Combined Smart Grid, Monitoring and Broadband Service

High and Low

Very Large

Category A) and B)Fixed/

PortableInfrastructure and Ad-hoc

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Outline








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Study Group Tentative Plan

2011/07

2011/08

2011/09

2011/10

2011/11

2011/12

2012/01

Study group approved by EC x

Prepare PAR x

WG Approves PAR x

Submit to EC for Nov (30 days ahead) [10/5]

x

Submit Intent to NesCom/IEEE SA SB for Dec 6 meeting [10/17]

x

PAR and 5C Comment Resolution x

PAR approval by EC x

Study Group Extension request before EC (if PAR not Approved by EC or NesCom)

x

NesCom and IEEE SA SB approval [12/6] x

TG starts x

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PAR for P802.22b

PAR Status: Unapproved PAR, PAR for an amendment to an existing IEEE Standard

Type of Project: Amendment to IEEE Standard 802.22-2011

PAR Request Date: Expected 2-Oct-2011

PAR Approval Date: Expected 06-Dec-2011

PAR Expiration Date: Expected 31-Dec-2015

1.1 Project Number: P802.22b

1.2 Type of Document: Standard

1.3 Life Cycle: Full Use

2.1 Title: Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands - Amendment: Enhanced Broadband and Monitoring

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PAR for P802.22b continued3.1 Working Group: Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) Working Group (C/LM/WG802.22)

Contact Information for Working Group Chair

Name: Apurva N. Mody

Email Address: [email protected]

Phone: 404-819-0314

Contact Information for Working Group Vice-ChairName: Gerald ChouinardEmail Address: [email protected] Phone: 613-998-2500

3.2 Sponsoring Society and Committee: IEEE Computer Society/LAN/MAN Standards Committee (C/LM)

Contact Information for Sponsor Chair

Name: Paul Nikolich

Email Address: [email protected]

Phone: 857-205-0050

Contact Information for Standards Representative: None

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PAR for P802.22b continued4.1 Type of Ballot: Individual

4.2 Expected Date of submission of draft to the IEEE-SA for Initial Sponsor Ballot: 11/2013

4.3 Projected Completion Date for Submittal to RevCom: 06/2014

5.1 Approximate number of people expected to be actively involved in the development of this project: 40

5.2 Scope:

This standard specifies alternate PHY and necessary MAC amendments to IEEE std. 802.22-2011 for operation in VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz to support enhanced broadband services and monitoring applications. The standard supports aggregate data rates greater than the maximum data rate supported by the IEEE std. 802.22-2011. This standard defines new classes of 802.22 devices to address these applications and supports more than 512 devices. This standard also specifies techniques to enhance communications among the devices and makes necessary amendments to the cognitive, security & parameters and connection management clauses.

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PAR for P802.22b continued5.3 Is the completion of this standard dependent upon the completion of another standard: No

5.4 Purpose:

This document will not have a purpose clause.

5.5 Need for the Project:

There are various broadband services and monitoring applications in the context of wireless

regional area networks where communications can be better served by introducing new

classes of 802.22 devices with capabilities appropriate for such applications. In addition,

extending regional area broadband services to applications such as real-time and/or near

real-time monitoring, emergency broadband services, remote medical services etc, requires

higher data rates and greater number of devices. Enhanced technologies become necessary to

enable communications among devices to support those applications. None of the features

mentioned above can be supported by the IEEE std. 802.22-2011 and hence, a new project is

required for amendment.

5.6 Stakeholders for the Standard: The stakeholders include: Manufacturers and users of IEEE Std. 802.22-2011 devices and other operating entities to which the standard may need to interface.

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PAR for P802.22b continued

6.1.a Is the Sponsor aware of any copyright permissions needed for this project?: No 6.1.b Is the Sponsor aware of possible registration activity related to this project?: No 7.1 Are there other standards or projects with a similar scope?: No. 7.2 Joint Development: No.

8.1 Additional Explanatory Notes: (note for 5.2 Scope) This amendment supports mechanisms to enable coexistence with other 802 systems in the same band.

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5 Criteria for P802.22b

1. Broad Market Potential

a) Broad sets of applicabilityThe proposed amendment will enable a number of new broadband

applications in television white spaces (TVWS) in the context of wireless regional area networks by combining broadband services and monitoring applications.

b) Multiple vendors and numerous usersIt is expected that this amendment will be applicable in all markets where the

802.22 technology will be used. The new features of the amendment are expected to bring new equipment vendors.

c) Balanced costs (LAN versus attached stations)It is expected that the new features of the amendment can be implemented

with reasonable cost resulting in overall better value for money.

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5 Criteria for P802.22b (Continued)

2. Compatibility

The amendment will be compatible with IEEE 802 family of standards, specifically 802 overview and architecture, 802.1 including 802.1D and 802.1Q.

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3. Distinct Identity

a) Substantially different from other IEEE 802 standardsThere is no other IEEE 802 standard or project, for combined broadband services and monitoring applications aimed at wireless regional area networks using television white space bands.

b) One unique solution per problem (not two solutions to a problem)Combined broadband services and monitoring applications for wireless regional area networks by using television white space bands are not currently considered by any other wireless standard or project. Hence, this is the only solution to this problem.

c) Easy for the document reader to select the relevant specificationYes, since the proposed standard will produce an amendment to the IEEE std. 802.22-2011.

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5 Criteria for P802.22b (Continued)4. Technical Feasibility

a) Demonstrated system feasibilityThere are a number of examples of successful prototype operation in TVWS by complying with requirements of various regulatory organizations (e.g., Federal Communications Commission (FCC), USA, Infocomm Development Authority (IDA), Singapore, etc.).

b) Proven technology, reasonable testingExperimental licenses have been issued for operation in TVWS in many countries (e.g. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), USA, Infocomm Development Authority (IDA), Singapore etc). Communications over TVWS are being tested by regulatory organizations in those countries.

c) Confidence in reliabilityResults of TVWS test trial campaigns being carried out by various regulatory organizations provide confidence in the reliability of the proposed project.

d) Coexistence of 802 wireless standards specifying devices for unlicensed operationThis amendment supports mechanisms to enable coexistence with other 802 systems in the same band. A coexistence assurance document will be produced by the WG as a part of the WG balloting process.

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5. Economic Feasibility

a) Known cost factors, reliable dataThe amendment uses technologies that are well-proven in the market in a cost effective manner.

b) Reasonable cost for performanceThe IEEE 802.22 systems are designed for operation in rural areas where the population density is likely to be low. However, an IEEE 802.22 base station (BS) covers a large area typically with 30 km radius implying a reasonable cost per geographical unit of coverage. The CPEs are expected to be inexpensive and hence cost for overall network performance would be reasonable.

c) Consideration of installation costsThis amendment will be later combined to the base 802.22 standard resulting in an updated version of IEEE std. 802.22-2011. Installation costs will be those of the updated base standard and are expected to be reasonable.

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Conclusions

• IEEE 802.22 standard is optimized for VHF/UHF TV channels to provide broadband services

• There is no other IEEE 802 standard or project, for combined broadband services and monitoring applications aimed at wireless regional area networks using television white space bands.

• There is no other IEEE 802 Standard that is specifically designed for rural remote area broadband access.

• There are various broadband services and monitoring applications in the context of wireless regional area networks where communications can be better served by introducing new classes of 802.22 devices with capabilities appropriate for such applications.

• In addition, extending regional area broadband services to applications such as real-time and/or near real-time monitoring, emergency broadband services, remote medical services etc, requires higher data rates and greater number of devices.

• Enhanced technologies become necessary to enable communications among devices to support those applications. None of the features mentioned above can be supported by the IEEE std. 802.22-2011

• Hence, a new P802.22b Amendment project is required.

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Slide 74

References• IEEE 802.22 Working Group Website – www.ieee802.org/22

• IEEE 802.22-2011TM Standard

• Apurva Mody, Gerald Chouinard, “Overview of the IEEE 802.22 Standard on Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) and Core Technologies” http://www.ieee802.org/22/Technology/22-10-0073-03-0000-802-22-overview-and-core-technologies.pdf

• 22-10-0054-02-0000_OFDM-based Terrestrial Geolocation.ppt

• IEEE 802.22 PHY Overview https://mentor.ieee.org/802.22/dcn/10/22-10-0106-00-0000-ieee-802-22-phy-overview.pdf

• IEEE 802.22 MAC Overview - https://mentor.ieee.org/802.22/dcn/11/22-11-0130-02-0000-ieee-802-22-mac-cc-overview.pdf

• IEEE 802.22 Broadband Extension and Monitoring Use Cases - https://mentor.ieee.org/802.22/dcn/11/22-11-0073-02-0000-usage-cases-in-802-22-smart-grid-and-critical-infrastructure-monitoring.ppt

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

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November 2011

Nov. 2011Gwangzeen Ko, ETRI

References

[1] “Additional text to implement new connection identifier management approach”, 22-10-0137-02-0000, Aug. 2010.

[2] “New connection identifier approach”, 22-09-0112-05-0000, Jul. 2010.

[3] “Overview of CBP”, 22-07-0136-00-0000, Apr. 2007.

[4] “802.22 Coexistence Aspects ”, 22-10-0121-02-0000, Sep. 2010.

[5] “Channel Management in IEEE 802.22 WRAN Systems”, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol.48, No.9, Sep. 2010.

[6] “IEEE P802.22-2011: Standard for Wireless Regional Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands”, Jul. 2011.

[7] “IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks”, 22-10-0073-03-0000, Jun. 2010.

doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0132r03

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November 2011

Reference

• PAR for Enhanced Broadband and Monitoring - https://mentor.ieee.org/802.22/dcn/11/22-11-0118-01-rasg-par-for-enhanced-broadband-and-monitoring-amendment.pdf

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