doc.: ieee 802.22-11/0049r0 submission may 2011 russ markhovsky, invisitrack, inc.slide 1 enhanced...
TRANSCRIPT
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 1
Enhanced Terrestrial Geolocation in Indoor Environments
IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2011-05-04
Name Company Address Phone email Russ Markovsky InvisiTrack, Inc. (410) 991-
8529
Upkar Dhaliwal InvisiTrack, Inc (858) 926-5839
Authors:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22.
Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Apurva Mody <[email protected]> as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected].
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 2
Abstract
This presentation describes proposed enhancements to the most recently approved version of the IEEE 802.22 standards. The presentation will also demonstrate how the proposed enhancements can support advanced geo-location techniques for determining location in difficult indoor environments.
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Precision Indoor Location:
The InvisiTrack Solution
Presented to 802.22 Group
May 5, 2011
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
InvisiTrack Solution Overview• Developed for indoor and challenging outdoor environments
– Dense multipath environment• Low computational intensity multipath mitigation algorithms
– Can be executed in software by a nomadic CPE/ mobile terminal• Developed for mobile environment
– Allows simultaneous tracking of several hundred terminals• Supports one-way and transponder distance measurements• Same multipath mitigation can be used for determining DLOS
distance and DOA/ AOA (direction/ angle of arrival)– Supports geo-location by a single position reference (e.g. BS or CPE)
• Compatible with the existing IEEE 802.22 Standard protocols/ infrastructure– No changes in HW required– No changes in PHY
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Suggested Amendment:Transponder Mode Option
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Transponder Mode• Current 802.22 geolocation distance measurements rely on OFDM inherent
coherency– However, the BS/CPE OFDM coherency is not perfect. – Coherency is also affected by multipath. – Non-perfect coherency may impact the accuracy of distance measurement and
location.• The transponder method does not require phase/ frequency or timing coherency
– The ranging signal consists of a number (~100) unmodulated subcarriers with the same initial phase. Either a terminal or base station/ fixed CPE will originate the ranging signal.
– The receiving terminal – base station/ CPE/ nomadic terminal, will then store the DFT output (samples) and, after a preset time, will re-transmit (repeat) the ranging signal from the stored DFT samples.
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
IEEE 802.22 – Coexistence Beacons for Inter-WRAN Communications
• Inter-cell communication serves to keep base stations aware of other nearby WRAN cell operations:– Coexistence beacon
• Transmitted during the self-coexistence windows at the end of some frames by the BS and/or some designated CPEs
• Monitored by BSs and other CPEs from same and different cells on same channel or different channel for future channel switching
• Signals IP address of BS and CPE every 15 min. as asked by R&O
Transponder Mode, continued
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Transponder Mode, continued
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
The InvisiTrack Approach to Terrestrial Geo-Location
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Indoor Location - Unique Challenges
• Obstructed/Non-Line-of-Sight Environment– DLOS Blockage
• Structures, walls, floors, etc.• Requires signals that penetrate dielectrics • DLOS signal is severely attenuated relative to reflected signals
• Dispersive Propagation Environment– Multipath Interference
• DLOS and reflections are closely spaced• Requires signal structure to minimize effect
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Signal Propagation - Background
• Signal penetration in dielectric– Loss varies as square root of wavelength
• Lower frequencies penetrate better than higher• Example: with the same loss, 240 MHz penetrates 3.2 times further
than 2.4 GHz or, at same distance, loss at 2.4 GHz is 10 dB greater.
– Dispersion (multipath): inversely proportional to wavelength• Objects smaller than the wavelength don’t reflect;• Objects larger than the wavelength, reflect and generate multipath
dispersion.
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
• InvisiTrack’s geolocation ranging signal is < 5 MHz BW (ie, does not require channel bonding).
• The ranging signal consists of:– Pilot signals or subcarrier signals; or – A combination of pilots and subcarriers;– The total number of signals is 100 or less.
• The ranging signal subcarriers do not need to be modulated; the modulation may also be applied, for example QPSK, as long as the modulation signal is known beforehand.
InvisiTrack Solution IntegrationMay 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
InvisiTrack Multipath Processor
• Uses highly optimized and improved high-resolution spectrum estimation analysis methods and techniques as applicable to multipath mitigation; – Able to separate direct path for accurate range estimation– Performance
• No “picket fence” effect
• Methods and techniques support frequency estimations that approach the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB).
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
High-Resolution Spectrum Estimation Analysis Concept
1p 2p
2m
…
Noise Subspace
2p
21
…
Signal Subspace
Signal Subspace – Eigenvectors Associated with Largest Eigenvalues
Signal Subspace – the Direct Path Plus Reflected Signals
Noise Subspace – Eigenvectors Associated with m-p Smallest Eigenvalues
Noise Subspace – Additive Noise
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
14
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
InvisiTrack Solution Integration • Can be seamlessly integrated into the current 802.22 geolocation model – uses
complex channel impulse response in the frequency domain
Current 802.22 Geo-location model
1p 2p
2m
Noise
2p
21
Signal
Invisitrack 802.22 Geo-location model
InvisiTrack’s Multipath Processor
Optional, not required by the Invisitrack
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
InvisiTrack Geo-location Results• Developed mobile, battery-operated proof of concept:
– Dimensions: 3x4x2 inches– Operating frequencies: VHF (High-band)– Operating bandwidth: 5 MHz
• In all tests TX and RX antennas heights were between 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters from the ground .
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Environment Range (m) Accuracy (m), >=67%
confidence
Accuracy (m), >=95%
confidence
Comments
Coaxial cables 500 (equiv) N/A 0.5 With multipath simulator
Analog Proof of Concept Devices
Outdoor 350 2 3 Suburban setting
Difficult Indoor 125 4 8 Multiple floor buildings
Extreme, Indoor parking 125 4 8
Reinforced Concrete structure
Digital Production Devices
Outdoor 350 1 2 Suburban setting
Difficult Indoor 125 2 3 Multiple floor buildings
Extreme, Indoor parking 125 2 3
Reinforced Concrete structure
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 17
InvisiTrack Geolocation Results
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Field
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.2
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0.8
1Amplitude 0001-0004-2011-02-28-10-10-44.mat
Scan
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se
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Conversion to Distance
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500001-0004-2011-02-28-10-10-44
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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700002-0004-2011-02-28-10-10-44
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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700003-0004-2011-02-28-10-10-44
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Field
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
2011-02-28-10-10-44.mat
Pseudo-East (m)
Pse
udo-
Nor
th (
m)
Target 4Error Ellipse
Master 1
Master 2
Master 3Iso-Range
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Engineering
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0002-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4Delta Phase 0001-0002-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0005-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.01
0.02
0.03
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0.05Delta Phase 0001-0005-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
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se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
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1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0006-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15Delta Phase 0001-0006-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0007-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Delta Phase 0001-0007-2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Scan
Pha
se
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Conversion to Distance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
5
10
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25
30
350001-0002-2011-04-21-14-37-13
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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5
10
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20
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300001-0005-2011-04-21-14-37-13
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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distance (m)
perc
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(%)
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5
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distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Results
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
2011-04-21-14-37-13.mat
Pseudo-East (m)
Pse
udo-
Nor
th (
m)
Target 1Error Ellipse
Master 2
Master 5
Master 6
Master 7Iso-Range
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Engineering (Example 2)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.02
0.03
0.04
0.05Delta Phase 0001-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
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1
1.5Amplitude 0002-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.04
0.05
0.06
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0.08Delta Phase 0002-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0006-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.01
0.02
0.03
0.04Delta Phase 0006-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
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se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.2
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Scan
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-0.1
0
0.1
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0.3Delta Phase 0007-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Scan
Pha
se
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Conversion to Distance
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5
10
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20
250001-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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10
15
20
25
30
35
400002-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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10
20
30
40
50
60
700006-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
600007-0005-2011-04-21-15-18-09
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Result
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
2011-04-21-15-18-09.mat
Pseudo-East (m)
Pse
udo-
Nor
th (
m)
Master 1
Master 2Master 6
Master 7
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Parking Garage
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0005-2011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
ScanA
mpl
itude
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-1
-0.5
0
0.5Delta Phase 0001-0005-2011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0006-2011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4Delta Phase 0001-0006-2011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0007-2011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-2
-1
0
1Delta Phase 0001-0007-2011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
Scan
Pha
se
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Conversion To Distance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
5
10
15
20
25
300001-0007-2011-04-29-13-51-03
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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350001-0005-2011-04-29-13-51-03
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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5
10
15
20
25
30
350001-0006-2011-04-29-13-51-03
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Result
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100
1202011-04-29-13-51-03.mat
Pseudo-East (m)
Pse
udo-
Nor
th (
m)
Target 1Error Ellipse
Master 5
Master 6
Master 7Iso-Range
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Commons
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
UMBC Parking Garage (Example 2)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0002-2011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15Delta Phase 0001-0002-2011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0006-2011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400.02
0.04
0.06
0.08Delta Phase 0001-0006-2011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Scan
Pha
se
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5Amplitude 0001-0007-2011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Scan
Am
plitu
de
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.02
0.04
0.06Delta Phase 0001-0007-2011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Scan
Pha
se
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Conversion to Distance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
5
10
15
20
250001-0002-2011-04-29-14-16-19
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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500001-0006-2011-04-29-14-16-19
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
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500001-0007-2011-04-29-14-16-19
distance (m)
perc
ent
(%)
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/0049r0
Submission
Result
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100
1202011-04-29-14-16-19.mat
Pseudo-East (m)
Pse
udo-
Nor
th (
m)
Target 1Error Ellipse
Master 2
Master 6
Master 7Iso-Range
May 2011
Russ Markhovsky,
InvisiTrack, Inc.
Slide 33