doc.: ieee 802.15-09-0422-00-004f submission may 2009 ieee 802.15.4f working document project: ieee...
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May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [IEEE 802.15.4f Key Active RFID System Application Features, Functions, and Technical Guidance Summary]
Date Submitted: [13 May 2009]
Source: [Mike McInnis] Company [The Boeing Company] Address [P.O. Box 3707, Mail Code 7M-CA, Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA.] E-Mail:[[email protected]]Re : []Abstract: [Key Requirements derived by IEEE 802.15.4f Task Group May 2009 ]Purpose:[TG4f Working Document pertaining to Key Active RFID System Features and Functions]
Notice :This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Key Active RFID System Application Features, Functions, and Technical Guidance Summary
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Active RFID Tag Definition
• An Active RFID tag is a device, typically attached to an asset or person, with a unique identification and the ability to produce its own radio signal not derived from an external radio signal. Active RFID tag applications include wireless sensor telemetry, control, and location determination. To generate a radio signal, Active RFID tags must employ some source of energy. Traditionally this has been accomplished by integrated batteries, although designs exist for such devices that harvest ambient energy from the surrounding environment.
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
802.15.4f User Requirements Summary
• Must have optional capability to provide another unique ID• Regulatory compatibility
– Regional– Global
• Tag location capability– Precision– Presence– Portal, Choke point, sign post
• Baseline tag with capability to add optional features• Tag power management
– Methods to conserve battery energy (low energy use)• Option to control tag• Indoor and outdoor use
– Including extreme RF environments• Sensor integration requirement (optional)• High tag density
– Per reader• Minimum cost tag (baseline)
– Tag does not require every optional feature and functionality• Real Time
– Low latency between when the event occurs and when it is recognized on the other end• Mobility (roaming between readers) • Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)• Range
– Line of Sight (LOS)– Non-Line of Sight (NLOS)
• Electromagnetic non-interference with other electronic devices– Example: implantable devices
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
802.15.4f Technical Requirements Summary
Utilize 802.15.4 MAC Every tag/device has a 64 bit MAC address or an alternate address as described in document 15-09-
409-03 PAR Parameters.– Must have optional capability to provide another unique ID
Regulatory compatibility– Regional– Global
Tag location capability– Precision– Presence– Portal, Choke point, sign post
Baseline tag with capability to add optional features Tag power management
– Methods to conserve battery energy (low energy use) Option to control tag (covered under baseline tag options and optional two-way communications) Indoor and outdoor use
– Including extreme RF environments Sensor integration requirement (optional) (covered under baseline tag options and ability to support a
unique ID)– Variable Packet Data Unit payload size (capable of between x to y bytes of information)
High tag density– Per reader
Minimum cost tag (baseline)– Tag does not require every optional feature and functionality
Real Time– Low latency between when the event occurs and when it is recognized on the other end
Mobility (roaming between readers) (changed to 802.15.4 MAC Requirements) Range
– Line of Sight (LOS)– Non-Line of Sight (NLOS)
Electromagnetic non-interference with other electronic devices
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Utilize 802.15.4 MAC
• 802.15.4 MAC is the starting point
• Make changes necessary to the 802.15.4 MAC required to support new PHY(s)– Desire is to avoid making, or to make only minimum,
changes to the MAC
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Capability to provide optional secondary ID
• Optional
• Variable up to 35 characters - Maximum– 35 characters x 6 bits (largest known to date per a
NATO STANAG)
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Regulatory Compatibility• Indoor or/and outdoor
• UWB Band (Band plan to include global use) Known regulatory requirements are listed below.– Korea*
• Korea Communications Commission 2008-033– Japan ARIB STD –T91– Canada*
• RSS 220– China – draft state– Europe*
• ETSI EN302.500 (location std)• ETSI EN302.065 (Communication std)
– Australia– United States*
• 15.250 (U.S. Wideband regulations)• 15.519 (U.S. Handheld UWB regulations)• 15.517 (U.S. indoor UWB regulations)
– Singapore*– New Zealand*– Other
• 2.4 GHz Band– 15.247 (U.S. ISM regulations)– 15.249– ETSI EN 300 440– ARIB (Japan)– Other
• Sub-GHz Band (433.92 MHz ?)– 15.231– 15.209 – 15.240– Japan ARIB STD –T89 and -T90– Other
• Other frequency bands
* Means UWB standards have been finalized.
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Tag location capability
• Position– Defined in 2 or 3 dimensions
– Precision of tag position categories– Sub 1 meter– Sub 3 meter– Sub 10 meter
– For PHYs providing location capability the desire is to achieve the best accuracy possible consistent with the PHY parameters proposed.
• Presence (Reader location) – A tag within the read range or coverage zone of at least one
reader
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Tag Features• Baseline
– MAC (see MAC slide)
– Transmitter• Modulation Scheme that can be demodulated by both a coherent and non-
coherent receiver.
– Coexistence with IEEE 802 family• Depending on the transmitter PHY utilized, a receiver function may be required• Definition:
– "A state of acceptable co-channel and/or adjacent channel operation of two or more radio systems (possibly using different wireless access technologies) within the same geographical area."
– Ability to produce its own radio signal not derived from an external radio signal
– Optional features• Two-way communications• Example payloads supported
– E.g. Secondary ID, Battery status, Sensor, Event occurrence, etc
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Tag Power management
• Low energy use– Examples
• Sleep mode• Duty Cycle• Low blink rate• Variable packet data frame size• Variable transmitter power• Etc.
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Maximum Transmitter Power
• IN LIEU OF THE DISCUSSION ON RANGE REQUIREMENTS
• Per spectrum regulations for each country
• A variety of RF transmitter powers are acceptable and may result in various class types to accommodate.
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Device Classification• Multiple class vs single class of devices?
• Do we want to have ‘classes’ of devices?– If so What attributes define a class of device?– Solicit through CFP
• RF transmitter power• Energy consumption (battery life)• Baseline Tag• Data rate• Uni-directional or bi-directional communication• Frequency band• Modulation• Regional vs global devices
– Common PHY and channel for global devices?• Indoor or/and outdoor• Realtime
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Electromagnetic non-interference with other electronic devices
• Must meet IEEE 802 coexistence requirements– An IEEE 802 coexistence document/exhibit is required from
802.15.4f to 802.19.
• Must meet in-country regulatory requirements
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
802.15.4 MAC Requirements
• Define and resolve any issues with 802.15.4 MAC– Tag Multicast / Broadcast
• Simultaneous reception and processing of tag transmissions by multiple readers is not currently supported in the 802.15.4 MAC.
– Data Payload Indicator• Indication whether data payload is present
– If a data payload is indicated then;• Variable data payload size capability
– Transmit Only• Device transmit without association• Research 15.4a UWB Clear Channel Assessment feature Clause 6.9.9
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Indoor and Outdoor Use
• Including extreme RF environments– Outdoor
• Weather rain, fog, snow, (moisture) and PHY selection• Multipath
– Review currently available channel models
– Indoor• Multipath
– Review currently available channel models
• Seamless tag handover between indoor and outdoor systems– Same PHY to same PHY– One PHY to another PHY
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
High Tag Density Per Reader
– Number of tag transactions per second per reader– Uni-directional– Bi-directional– Data rate– Beacon rate– Modulation scheme– PHY frame size
– Proposer will provide the number of tag transactions per second which their proposal is capable of.• The goal is to maximize tag transactions per second.
– Blink rate– Range– Location accuracy– Tag population per reader
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Real Time• Low latency between when the event occurs and
when it is recognized on the other end.– Data rate
– Packet size• MAC layer overhead
• How frequently the tag transmits or communicates– Blink rate
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Misc.
– Tag motion and speed• Doppler affects the PHY modulation selection
– The PHY packet which includes Location Enabler Information (LEI) .• For example (some, all, or other)
– TOA– AOA– Receive Signal Strength (RSS)
– Informative annex to provide examples of location methods
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
PHY(s) Parameters• Operating band(s) (band/channel plan)• Modulation and Coding Scheme(s)• PPDU structure (e.g. preamble, SFD, length, codes)
– Suggestions• Short header• Short preamble
• Synchronization and Timing • Bit Rate, Symbol Rate, Chip Rate (as appropriate)• Transmitter characteristics
– Power Spectral Density (PSD) Mask (in band, out of band)– Transmit Power– Duty Cycle– Peak to average ratio (where applicable)
• RSSI and/or Link Quality Indicator methods• Reliability enhancing features/methods• Co-existence mechanisms• Link Budget• Timing sensitivity (tag to reader)
• i.e. pulse-to-pulse timing, packet-to-packet timing, etc.
• Blink rate variability min-max– In defined steps
May 2009
IEEE 802.15.4f Working Document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0422-00-004f
Submission
Differentiation of PHY Characteristicsfrom other IEEE 802 PHYs
• Can take advantage of PHY channel bandwidths which are narrower or wider than current defined 802 PHYs.
• Very low energy consumption (enable energy harvesting).
• Very high number of devices.
• Can reduce cost and time to market by taking advantage of minimal IEEE 802.15.4 MAC features and standardizing on one or more wireless PHYs available in the Active RFID market.