do now what similar feature can be seen in mendeleev’s and moseley’s periodic table? what are...
TRANSCRIPT
Do Now
What similar feature can be seen in Mendeleev’s and Moseley’s periodic table?
What are the three subatomic particles and their corresponding properties?
Do you think similar properties of the elements are related to subatomic particles? If yes, which one? If no, why not?
Hog Hilton Sample Problem Book 15 hogs into their rooms
6th floor ____ ____ ____ ____ ___5th floor ______ ______ ______4th floor ______3rd floor ______ ______ ______2nd floor ______1st floor ______
The Quantum Mechanical Model
Tell us about the location and energy of electrons
Electrons do not have a direct orbit around the nucleus
• Locations of electrons are based on probability
• Electron clouds
Aufbau Principle
Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first
Orbitals within a sublevel have equal energy
Which hog rule is this?
Pauli Exclusion Principle
An atomic orbital may only hold two electrons
Electrons must have opposite spin
• Clockwise or counterclockwise
• Denoted with arrows
Which hog rule is this?
Hund’s Rule
Every orbital of the same energy is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied
Electrons have the same spin
Second electrons are added so the two electrons have opposite spins
Which hog rule is this?
Electron Orbital Diagram
3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
4s ___
3p ___ ___ ___
3s ___
2p ___ ___ ___
2s ___
1s ___
Analyze the Hilton
What do the numbers in the Hog Hilton represent?
The floor number
What do the numbers in the electron orbital diagram represent?
The energy level the electron is in
Analyze the Hilton
Are the layouts of the Hog Hilton and the electron orbital diagram the same?
Number of rooms = Number of energy sublevels
How many electrons?
How many electrons fit in the s energy level?
In the p energy level?
In the d energy level?
Filling Electron Orbitals
3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___4s ___3p ___ ___ ___3s ___2p ___ ___ ___2s ___1s ___
Do Now
Complete an atomic orbital diagram for calcium.
Complete an atomic orbital diagram for zinc.
Complete an atomic orbital diagram for krypton.
My Hand Hurts! Write the electron configuration for
Barium.
Freeze!
Noble gas/short hand configuration:• Find the nearest noble gas that came before the
element you are interested in• Write the symbol of that noble gas in [brackets]• Write the configuration as normal from there on
Valence Electrons Electrons in the last energy level of an
atom
Increase in number across a period
Equal to the group number of the element
Max # of valence electrons = 8
Valence Electrons
Why are these the important electrons?
Are in the highest energy level
Most exposed
Most involved in chemical reactions
Lewis Dot Diagrams Show # of valence electrons an element
has
Element’s symbol surrounded by dots Dots = valence electrons
• Drawn as if there is a square around the symbol
• Two dots per side
Do Now
Draw the Lewis dot diagram for francium, phosphorus, and helium.
What do the dots mean?
What is the max number of valence electron an atom can have?
Properties Elements in same group have similar properties
Same number of valence electrons• Same number of electrons used in reactions
Examples• Noble gases - 8 valence electrons
• Favorable - do not react
• Halogens - 7 valence electrons• One electron short of max of 8 electrons
• Readily react with elements who have a single electron