Do Now

Test Friday:

Study these things:

1. Life in North/ Life in South

2. Events leading to Civil War

3. Key battles/events of Civil War

4. Do you know these terms? Union, Confederacy, slavery, secede, total war, modern war, border state

Fighting the Civil War

Key People and Events

1861-1865

Abraham LincolnPresident of the USA

Abraham Lincolnborn in KY, 1809 to a poor familydidn’t have much schoolingworked several different jobs (store clerk, rail-splitter, lawyer)very little military experience6 foot 4 inches tallpatient, thoughtful, and tolerant of others—had a good sense of humordevoted to preserving the Union (the USA)

Jefferson DavisPresident of the CSA

Jefferson Davisborn in KY in a log cabin; then grew up on a plantation in MSattended West Point Military Academy in NYServed as a commander in Mexican-American WarServed as senator from MSNearly six feet tallelected president of the Confederate States although he really didn’t enjoy politics

Attack on Fort SumterApril 1861- Charleston, South Carolina

In Charleston harbor, the USA owned a fort (Fort Sumter)

On April 12, 1861 secessionists opened fire on Fort Sumter (owned by USA)

After 33 hours of bombing, the federal fort surrendered to the South.

The nation was now at war.

Battle of Bull RunJuly 1861- Manassas, VA

In July 1861, Union troops marched out of Washington, DC heading for Richmond, VA– capital of the CSA

(only 90 miles separated the two cities)

Northern troops clashed with Southern troops at Manassas, VA– the Northern troops were forced to retreat

With such a smashing victory for the South, Lincoln prepared for a long war

Battle of AntietamSeptember 1862- Sharpsburg, MD

Southern General Robert E. Lee sent troops into Maryland (a Union slave state) hoping to persuade Maryland to join the Confederacy

The Northern army halted Lee’s invasion of MD– a victory for the North

But a costly victory: the Battle of Antietam is considered the single bloodiest day of the entire Civil War

More Americans died in 1 day at Antietam than in the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War combined

Emancipation ProclamationThe victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to shift the focus of the war to ending slavery

Emancipation = freeing someone from the control of another person

The Emancipation Proclamation stated that all slaves held in Confederate states were emancipated (freed) as of January 1863

GettysburgJuly 1863- Gettysburg, PA

Considered the “turning point” battle of the Civil War

The Southern army, led by Lee, attempted to invade the North through PA

The battle lasted 3 days and was the bloodiest of the Civil War

The North won the battle– and the South would never again try to invade the North as a result

Also, because of the Southern defeat, Great Britain and France refused to provide aid to the Confederacy

The Gettysburg AddressNovember 1863

One of the most well-known (and shortest) speeches in American history

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…”

“we here highly resolve…that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Sherman’s March to the SeaMay – December 1864

General Sherman (USA) led 100,000 troops from Tennessee through Georgia

Goals: take Atlanta and destroy railroads

Marching from Atlanta to Savannah, GA– wanted to “make Georgia howl!”

Ordered troops to destroy RR, bridges, crops, livestock– burned plantations

In the end, made Southerners hate Northerners

By April 1865, General Grant (USA) had surrounded General Lee’s forces in VA

Lee: “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths.”

The North had won the war– a war that had lasted 4 years and cost 620,000 American lives

Surrender at Appomattox9 April 1865– Appomattox Courthouse, VA

Reconstruction Amendments

The period following the Civil War is known as “Reconstruction”– because it was the time in which the nation was re-built

Key changes to the Constitution were made as a result of the Northern victory in the Civil War

Three amendments, known as the “Reconstruction Amendments,” were added:

13th Amendment: abolished slavery

14th Amendment: all persons born in USA are citizens (including recently freed black men and women) AND all citizens treated equally by law

15th Amendment: all men could vote (including black men)