do now: page 67 #1-2
TRANSCRIPT
Do Now:
Page 67 #1-2
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Do Now:
Page 67 #1-2
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Module C Unit 2:Relationships in Ecosystems3
Lesson 1: Parts of an Ecosystem
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Living organisms interact with and are dependent on their environment and on each other
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Exploration 1: Analyzing the Parts of an Ecosystem
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Ecological OrganizationEcosystem- includes community (all the living things) and the physical environment interacting
and functioning together.
Examples: desert or forest 7
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Living Nonliving
Example: Forest Ecosystem
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Living Nonliving
Example: Forest Ecosystem
TREES, MOSSES,
LIZARDS, FISH,
TURTLE, FLYING SQUIRREL,
OWL, FUNGI
An Ecosystem is...made of biotic and abiotic factors and is self-sustaining if it has a constant source of energy and cycling of materials.
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Biotic FactorsThe parts of an ecosystem that are living, or that result from the activities of living things, are called biotic factors.
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Abiotic FactorsAll of the non-livingfactors that affect the environment.
Ex. temperature, intensity of light, amount of moisture, soil, supply of gases in atmosphere, pH.
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Exploration 2: Describing Ecosystem Structure
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Do Now:
Review Levels of
Organization
Page 73 # 7
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Do Now:
Review Levels of
Organization
Page 73 #7-8
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TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
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Ecological Organization
1. Individual - one organism that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
Example: One bunny.
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Ecological Organization
2. Population - includes all the members of the same species that live in a particular area.
Example: a group of
bunnies living in a field.23
Ecological Organization (Population)
Species- includes all organisms of the same kind that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
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Ecological Organization3. Community - includes all the living organism, both plant and animal, living in a given area.
Example: a lawn has populations of dandelions, grasses, earthworms, and many other living organisms.
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Ecological Community
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Ecological Community
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Ecological Organization4. Ecosystem- includes community (all the living things) and the physical environment interacting and
functioning together.
Examples: balanced aquariums or forests. 28
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Lesson 2: Resource Availability in
Ecosystems
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Exploration 1: Relating Resource Availability to Growth
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Growth Requires Resources● All living things must get resources from their
environment so that their cells have a source of materials and energy.
● The resources that organisms need to live and grow include food, water, and shelter.
● Organisms get all of the living and nonliving resources they need from the ecosystem in which they live.
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Individual Growth
● A hatchling from a tiny egg can become a sea turtle.
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Population Growth● The growth of a population also depends on the
availability of resources.
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Factors that Influence Resource Availability● Population Size● Competition● Environmental Factors
○ How could weather affect resource availability?○ What other environmental factors can you think of?
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Exploration 2: Predicting Effects of Limited Resources
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Limited Resources
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● Resources in an ecosystem are often limited, so individuals must compete for the existing resources to meet their needs.
● Competition occurs when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource.
Limited Abiotic Resources
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● Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an ecosystem○ Examples: air, water, nutrients, soil,
sunlight, and rainfall.
Exploration 3: Predicting Effects of Abundant Resources
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Abundant Resources
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● Some resources are abundant in certain ecosystems.○ Examples: algal blooms caused by
nutrient abundance
Abundant Biotic and Abiotic Resources
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● An abundance of abiotic or biotic resources can result in the growth of individuals and populations.
Lesson 3:
Patterns of
Interaction
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Exploration 1: Analyzing Feeding Relationships
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Organism Interaction● Predator / Prey relationships:
○ Predators: kill and eat other organisms○ Prey: are killed for food
● As predators kill and eat prey the prey population decreases.
● If the prey population decreases, predators starve and their numbers decrease. When the predators start to decrease there is less pressure on the prey population and it starts to increase again.
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Aim: What are some relationships among organisms?
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Nutritional Relationships● Involved the transfer of energy from one
organism to another within an ecosystem
1. Autotrophic nutrition (producers): able to make their own food (plants)
● 2. Heterotrophic nutrition (consumers):depends on others for its nutrition.
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Nutritional Relationships● a) Decomposers: fungi, bacteria – these
recycle the dead material back into the food web.
● b) Herbivores: animals that eat plants.
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Decomposers
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Herbivores
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Nutritional Relationships
c) Carnivores: animals that eat animals: they include:
○ Predators: kill and eat other animals example: lions
○ Scavengers: eat DEAD organisms, example: vultures, crabs, hyenas
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Carnivores
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Nutritional Relationships
d) Omnivores: animals that eat both animals and plants.
● Example: humans, bears
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Omnivores
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Exploration 2: Explaining Symbiotic Relationships
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Symbiotic Relationships
Different organisms living together in a close association (dependency.)
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Symbiotic Relationships1. Commensalism: 2. (+, 0) One organism obtains a benefit from the
relationship and the other does not benefit or get harmed.. a. Example: remora fish and shark, barnacle and whale
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Commensalism
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Symbiotic Relationships2. Mutualism:(+, +) Both organisms benefit.
Example:
a) Lichen (combination of algae and fungus)
b) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the roots of legumes
c) Protozoa in the digestive tract of termites.
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Mutualism
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Symbiotic Relationships
3. Parasitism:(+, -) one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense (harms) of the other organism (host).
Examples:
a) Athlete’s foot: fungus and humans
b) Tapeworms and certain animals61
Parisitism
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