Do Now: Make a list of 5 things that make a civilization great.

Aim: How did great empires influence the history of Africa?

Homework: Handout –”Ibn Battuta Travels to Mali”

Global II – Mr. McEntarfer

Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives We will be able to: We will be able to:

– Describe the characteristics of the Describe the characteristics of the kingdoms of West Africa.kingdoms of West Africa.

– Describe how cultural diffusion affected Describe how cultural diffusion affected West African religion.West African religion.

Agenda:

• Do Now

• Mini-lecture (slides)

• Reading Activity

• Summary

• Regents Practice (if time)

• Homework

Oral TraditionOral Tradition The Griots of AfricaThe Griots of Africa

Why might it be difficult to learn about African

history?

What geographic features affected

the African Kingdoms? How?

The Gold and Salt TradeThe Gold and Salt Trade Caravans brought Caravans brought

saltsalt south to south to Ghana and Ghana and returned north returned north with with goldgold from from areas southwest areas southwest of Ghana.of Ghana.

Ghana came to be Ghana came to be known as the known as the “Gold Coast.” “Gold Coast.”

Question: Why do Question: Why do you think salt was you think salt was so valuable? so valuable?

What geographical feature did the trade routes cross What geographical feature did the trade routes cross north of Ghana? How do you think goods were north of Ghana? How do you think goods were

transported? transported? What was traded?What was traded?

Early trade routes in GhanaEarly trade routes in Ghana

What does this wall represent?

Timbuktu Timbuktu Timbuktu became the center of West Timbuktu became the center of West

African gold and salt trade across African gold and salt trade across the Sahara Desert.the Sahara Desert.

Center of learning that attracted Center of learning that attracted students from Europe, Africa and students from Europe, Africa and Asia. Many of whom studied the Asia. Many of whom studied the Quran.Quran.

Mali’s King Mansa Musa brought Mali’s King Mansa Musa brought back scholars and architects from his back scholars and architects from his pilgrimage to Mecca here.pilgrimage to Mecca here.

How was Timbuktu different from other trading cities like Venice and Canton?

Timbuktu today. The books below are over 400 years old.Timbuktu today. The books below are over 400 years old.

Activity – Guided Reading (285-287)

Part I – Independent• Groups of Three (1. Ghana 2. Mali 3. Songhai).• Use the reading on pages 285-287 and fill in four facts about each African

kingdom in the boxes. For each kingdom give information about:• It’s location• Sources of wealth • Religion practiced• Great Leaders and their accomplishments

Part II – Come together as a group• As a group fill in the last box on all three African Kingdoms, which asks

you to identify the similarities between the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai.

Part III – Share out on the board.

Share-outShare-out

Ghana

Mali

Songhai

Ghana, Mali and Songhai

Review NotesReview Notes Ghana Ghana

– Location – Niger and Senegal Rivers Location – Niger and Senegal Rivers – Religion – Islam diffused from N. Africa Religion – Islam diffused from N. Africa – Economy – Controlled gold and salt trade across the Sahara Economy – Controlled gold and salt trade across the Sahara – Leadership – King was semi-divine and very wealthy Leadership – King was semi-divine and very wealthy

MaliMali– Located - Niger RiverLocated - Niger River– Religion – IslamReligion – Islam– Economy – Controlled gold and salt trade caravans Economy – Controlled gold and salt trade caravans – Leadership – Mansa Musa expanded empire and converted to Islam. Went on a Leadership – Mansa Musa expanded empire and converted to Islam. Went on a

pilgrimage to Mecca and spread Middle eastern ideas in West Africa.pilgrimage to Mecca and spread Middle eastern ideas in West Africa.

Review NotesReview Notes SonghaiSonghai

– Located - Niger RiverLocated - Niger River– Religion – Islamic state set up after Sonni Ali’s deathReligion – Islamic state set up after Sonni Ali’s death– Economy – Brought salt and gold trade under their control, including Timbuktu.Economy – Brought salt and gold trade under their control, including Timbuktu.– Leadership – Sonni Ali used a powerful army to forge a large empire, not a Muslim.Leadership – Sonni Ali used a powerful army to forge a large empire, not a Muslim.

Ghana, Mali and SonghaiGhana, Mali and Songhai– Located - Niger River, bordered the Sahara Desert. Located - Niger River, bordered the Sahara Desert. – Religion – All kingdoms adapted Islam (cultural diffusion) Religion – All kingdoms adapted Islam (cultural diffusion) – Economy – All controlled the salt and gold trade and Timbuktu.Economy – All controlled the salt and gold trade and Timbuktu.– Leadership – Wealthy and powerful kings adapted Islam, except Sonni Ali.Leadership – Wealthy and powerful kings adapted Islam, except Sonni Ali.

Summary Questions Why were these West African Kingdoms Why were these West African Kingdoms

so wealthy?so wealthy? Why did these civilizations develop along Why did these civilizations develop along

the Niger River?the Niger River? Why was Timbuktu such an important city?Why was Timbuktu such an important city? What religion was practiced in all of these What religion was practiced in all of these

kingdoms?kingdoms? Why is Mansa Musa such an important Why is Mansa Musa such an important

figure in West African history?figure in West African history?

Regents PracticeRegents Practice

Regents PracticeRegents Practice

Regents PracticeRegents Practice