do now: is it made from living material (organic) or not (inorganic)? plastic milk rock river tree...
TRANSCRIPT
Do Now: Is it made from living material (organic) or not (inorganic)?
Plastic
Milk
Rock
River
Tree
Air
Salt
Gold
Skin
Inorganic – non living
Inorganic – non living
Organic – living
Inorganic – non living
Inorganic – non living
Inorganic – non living
Organic – living
Organic – living
Inorganic – non living
Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic matter Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Example – glucose (C6H12O6)
Inorganic matter Carbon (C) but no Hydrogen (H) OR Neither Examples – Water (H2O) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Minerals of the Earth
How can we identify minerals?
1. What is a mineral?
a. Made of elements
b. 90% of minerals made of only 8 common elements of the Earth’s crust
c. Most minerals contain Si and O, called silicates (quartz)
d. Most are compounds, made of more than one element (halite is Na + Cl)
ESRT pg. 1
2. What is a mineral? 5 requirements:
a. Occurs naturally.b. It is solid.c. Crystalline structure - atoms are arranged
in an orderly patternd. Inorganic (not from living material).e. Unique chemical composition - made of a
single element or compound …ie - it is NOT a mixture.
3. What does crystalline structure mean?
Atoms are arranged in regular geometrical patterns. Examples:
4. Physical properties are determined by crystalline structure
Structure determines physical properties Example: Hardness of Diamond (hard) vs.
Graphite (soft). Both are made of C atoms arranged in different pattern.
5. How minerals break depends on the
arrangement of its atoms
Cleavage vs. Fracture Quartz fractures
(strong bonds)
Mica cleaves(weak bonds)
6. Types of minerals
Silicates are most common types of mineral -96% of all minerals
compound of 4 Silica around 1 Oxygen
Forms silica tetrahedron Quartz, feldspar, mica,
horneblend are minerals that are considered silicates.
ESRT pg 16 – How many silicates?
6. Types of minerals
Carbonates contain carbon
1 Carbon + 3 oxygen Calcite, dolomite are
carbonates
7. How are minerals made?
Hardened magma (under the crust) Hardened lava (above the crust) Precipitation in water Evaporation of water From other minerals subjected to heat
and pressure
Using the 5 requirements, decide whether the following can be minerals.
Diamond
WaterSalt
GrassAir
ESRT pg. 16 Mineral Guess Who?
Minerals of the Earth
How can we identify minerals?
Tests to identify minerals
#1 Color easily identified Not reliable…Why?
Minerals come in different colors
Different minerals come in similar colors
Identification of Minerals
#2 Luster - how a mineral reflects light Metallic or Non-metallic
Identification of Minerals
#3. Streak is the color a mineral makes when in powder form
Test is to scratch on porcelain tile
Identification of Minerals
#4. Hardness Minerals
resistance to scratching
Moh’s Scale of Hardness
Hardness can be compared to common items
1 Talc fingernail scratches 3 Calcite penny scratches 5 Apatite steel nail scratches 7 Quartz glass scratches 10 Diamond Nothing scratches
How hard is it?
Your fingernail scratches the mineral
The mineral scratches the glass plate
The mineral does not scratch the glass plate but does scratch the penny
Identification of Minerals
#5 Cleavage Mineral splits along one
or more smooth flat surfaces
#6 Fracture Do not show cleavage Rough surface, uneven
Identification of Minerals
#7 Density #8 Magnetic
Magnetite will attract a magnet #9 Acid test
Calcite will fizz when acid is applied
ESRT pg.16 EXAMPLES
Which mineral has a different color in its powdered form than its original form?
a) pyrite b) graphitec) kaolinite d) magnetite
a) PYRITE
ESRT pg. 16
Which mineral contains iron, has metallic luster, is hard, and has the same color and streak?
a) biotite mica b) galenac) kaolinite d) magnetite
d) MAGNETITE
What minerals does your rock sample contain?
Describe your rock sample Color? Grain size? Single or multiple minerals? Cleavage or fracture?