do now happy valentine’s day! physical sciencefebruary 14 th 2011 swbat identify the properties of...
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Do NowHappy Valentine’s Day!
Physical Science February 14th 2011
SWBAT identify the properties of solids liquids and gases.
COPY THE FOLLOWING DEFINITION & EXPLAINATIONThe Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the forces between
molecules and the energy that they possess.
This theory has 3 basic assumptions:Matter is composed of small particles (molecules). The measure of space that the molecules take up (volume) is measured by the space in-between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves.The molecules are in constant motion. This motion is different for the 3 states of matter.
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•Solids•Liquids•Gases•Plasma
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•Have a definite shape•Have a definite volume
Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
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•Have an indefinite shape•Have a definite volumeKinetic Molecular Theory
Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”.)
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•Have an indefinite shape•Have an indefinite volumeKinetic Molecular Theory
Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the
particles.
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At 100°C, water becomes water vapor, a gas. Molecules can move randomly over large distances.
Below 0°C, water solidifies to become ice. In the solid state, water molecules are held together in a rigid structure.
Between 0°C and 100 °C, water is a liquid. In the liquid state, water molecules are close together, but can move about freely.
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Changing states requires energy in either the form of heat. Changing states may also be due to the change in pressure in a system.
Heat of formation, Hf. Heat of vaporization, Hv
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Plasma is by far the most common form of matter. Plasma in the stars and in the tenuous space between them makes up over 99% of the visible universe and perhaps most of that which is not visible.
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Plasma temperatures and densities range from relatively cool and tenuous (like aurora) to very hot and dense (like the central core of a star). Ordinary solids, liquids, and gases are both electrically neutral and too cool or dense to be in a plasma state.
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(Above)
X-ray view of Sun from Yohkoh, ISAS and NASA
Star formation in the Eagle Nebula
Space Telescope Science Institute
, NASA
(below)
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Classwork & Homework • Complete the Directed
Reading: Classifying Matter– Must be turned in by end of
class today• Homework: Chapter 2
Section 1– Pages 38 44– Copy all definitions from
section– Copy the summary on page
44